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经济学原理(西方经经济学)期末考试题库

经济学原理(西方经经济学)期末考试题库
经济学原理(西方经经济学)期末考试题库

Mankiw

Essentials of Economics

Test Bank

1.Multiple Choice

1)Economics deals primarily with the concept of( )

a)scarcity.

b)poverty.

c)change.

d)power.

2)Which of the following is NOT included in the decisions that every

society must make?( )

a)what goods will be produced

b)who will produce goods

c)what determines consumer preferences消费者的偏好

d)who will consume the goods

3) A rational decision maker takes an action only if the( )

a)marginal benefit is less than the marginal cost.

b)marginal benefit is greater than the marginal cost.

c)average benefit is greater than the average cost.

d)marginal benefit is greater than both the average cost and the marginal

cost.

4)Macroeconomics is the study of()

a)individual decision makers.

b)economic history.

c)economy-wide phenomena.

d)how firms maximize profit

5) A microeconomist might study each of the following EXCEPT( )

a)the effects of rent control on housing in New York City.

b)how a college student makes financial decisions.

c)how tariffs on shoes affects the shoe industry.

d)the effect on the economy when unemployment rates change.

6)The term market failure refers to( )

a) a situation in which the market on its own fails to allocate resources

efficiently.

b)an unsuccessful advertising campaign which reduces buyer demand.

c) a situation in which competition among firms becomes ruthless.

d) a firm which is forced out of business because of losses.

7)Which of the following is an example of a normative 规范(主观)

statement?( )

a)If the price of a product decreases, quantity demanded increases.

b)Reducing tax rates on the wealthy would be good for the country.

c)If the national saving rate were to increase, so would the rate of

economic growth.

d)All of the above are correct.

8)For each good produced in a market economy, demand and supply

determine( )

a)the price of the good, but not the quantity.

b)the quantity of the good, but not the price.

c)both price and quantity.

d)neither price nor quantity is determined by demand and supply,

because prices are ultimately set by producers.

9) A higher price for batteries电池would tend to()

a)increase the demand for flashlights.

b)increase the demand for electricity.

c)decrease the demand for electricity.

d)increase the demand for batteries

10)Two goods are complements if a decrease in the price of one good( )

a)increases the quantity demanded of the other good.

b)reduces the demand for the other good.

c)reduces the quantity demanded of the other good.

d)raises the demand for the other good.

11)If a shortage exists in a market we know that the actual price is( )

a)below equilibrium price and quantity demanded is greater than

quantity supplied.

b)above equilibrium price and quantity demanded is greater than

quantity supplied.

c)above equilibrium price and quantity supplied is greater than quantity

demanded.

d)below equilibrium price and quantity supplied is greater than quantity

demanded.

12)When the government prevents prices from adjusting naturally to supply

and demand( )

a)it stabilizes the economy by reducing market uncertainties.

b)it adversely affects the allocation of resources.影响了资源的分配

c)the improvement in equity justifies the reduction in efficiency.

d)the improvement in efficiency justifies the reduction in equity.

13)Knowing that the demand for wheat is inelastic, if all farm voluntarily

plowed under 10 percent of their wheat crop, then ( )

a)consumers of wheat would buy more wheat.

b)wheat farmers would suffer a reduction in their revenue.

c)wheat farmers would increase their revenue.

d)the demand for wheat would decrease.

14)Suppose that a steel factory emits a certain amount of air pollution, which

constitutes a negative externality. The social cost of producing the steel includes the( )

a)private costs of the steel producers and the price consumers pay for

the steel.

b)private costs of the steel producers and the costs to the bystanders

affected by the pollution.

c)costs to the bystanders effected by the pollution only.

d)price consumers pay for the steel.

15)The Tragedy of commons can be corrected by( )

a)providing more of the resource for public use.

b)assigning property rights to individuals.公地悲剧可以通过产权私人

化来解决

c)providing government subsidies for the resource.

d)making certain everyone in the economy has access to the resource

16)Which of the following is NOT true?( )

a)In the presence of a market failure, government action might not

improve on the market outcome because sometimes public policies

simply reward the politically powerful.

b)In the presence of a market failure, government action might not

improve on the market outcome because some leaders are not fully

informed about the effects of their actions.

c)In the presence of a market failure, government action can sometimes

improve on the market outcome.

d)In the presence of a market failure, government action will always

improve on the market outcome.

17)If an economy is producing efficiently( )

a)there is no way to produce more of one good without producing less

of the other.

b)it is possible to produce more of both goods.

c)it is possible to produce more of one good without producing less of

the other.

d)it is not possible to produce more of one good at any cost.

18)The opportunity cost of obtaining more of one good is shown on the

production possibilities frontier as the( )

a)amount of the other good that must be given up.其他商品的数量需

要放弃

b)market price of the additional amount produced.

c)amount of resources that must be devoted to its production.

d)dnumber of dollars that must be spent to produce it.

When a firm is operating at an efficient scale( )

19)

a)average variable cost is minimized.

b)average fixed cost is minimized.

c)average total cost is minimized.

d)None of the above are correct.

Figure 1

20)According figure 1, on the production possibilities frontier shown, the

opportunity cost to the economy of getting 30 additional toothbrushes by moving from point A to point D is( )

a)10 toasters.

b)15 toasters.

c)20 toasters.

d)25 toasters.

21)When a profits-maximizing firm in a perfectly competitive market has

zero economic profit, accounting profit( )

a)is negative (accounting losses).

b)is positive.

c)is also zero.

d)could be positive, negative or zero

22)In the figure2 shown, the movement from point A to point B is a( )

a)shift of the curve.

b)change in preferences.

c)movement along the curve.因为是价格的变动,所以沿着曲线

d)All of the above are correct.

Figure 2

23)In the figure 3 shown, the movement from point B to point C is a( )

a)shift of the curve.

b)change in price. movement along the curve.

c)change in costs to the firm.

Figure 3

24)Two goods are substitutes if a decrease in the price of one good( )

a)increases the demand for the other good.

b)reduces the demand for the other good.

c)reduces the quantity demanded of the other good.

d)increases the quantity demanded of the other good.

25)Two goods are complements if a decrease in the price of one good( )

a)increases the quantity demanded of the other good.

b)reduces the demand for the other good.

c)reduces the quantity demanded of the other good.

d)raises the demand for the other good.

26)If a decrease in income increases the demand for a good, then the good

is( )

a) a substitute good.

b) a complement good.

c) a normal good.

d)an inferior good.

27)On the firgue3, the movement from D to D1 is called

a)an increase in demand.

b) a decrease in demand.

c) a decrease in quantity demanded.

d)an increase in quantity demanded.

28)Which of the following will definitely cause equilibrium quantity to

fall?( )

a)demand increases and supply decreases

b)demand and supply both decrease

c)demand decreases and supply increases

d)demand and supply both increase

29)If the demand for a product increases, we would expect equilibrium

price( )

a)to increase and equilibrium quantity to decrease.

b)to decrease and equilibrium quantity to increase.

c)and equilibrium quantity to both increase.

d)and equilibrium quantity to both decrease.

30)New cars are normal goods. What will happen to the equilibrium price of

new cars if the price of gasoline rises, the price of steel falls, public transportation becomes cheaper and more comfortable, auto-workers accept lower wages and automobile insurance becomes more expensive?( )

a)Price will rise.

b)Price will fall.

c)Price will stay exactly the same.

d)The price change will be ambiguous.

31)What will happen to the equilibrium price of new textbooks if more

students attend college, paper becomes cheaper, textbook authors accept lower royalties and fewer used textbooks are sold?( )

a)Price will rise.

b)Price will fall.

c)Price will stay exactly the same.

d)The price change will be ambiguous.

32)If the price elasticity of demand for a good is 4.0, then a 10 percent

increase in price would result in a( )

a) 4.0 percent decrease in the quantity demanded.

b)10 percent decrease in the quantity demanded.

c)40 percent decrease in the quantity demanded.

d)400 percent decrease in the quantity demanded.

33)According to the firgue4, when price falls from point $40 to $30 we know

that demand must be( )

a)elastic, since total revenue increases from $8000 to $9000.

b)inelastic, since total revenue increases from $8000 to $9000.

c)inelastic, since total revenue decreases from $9000 to $8000.

d)

Figure 4

34)The cross-price elasticity of demand can tell us whether goods are( )

a)normal or inferior.

b)elastic or inelastic.

c)luxuries or necessities.

d)complements or substitutes.

35)If wheat farmers know that the demand for wheat is inelastic, and they

want to increase their total revenue, they should all( )

a)plant more wheat so that they would be able to sell more each year.

b)increase spending on fertilizer in an attempt to produce more on the

acres they farm.

c)reduce the number of acres they plant in wheat.

d)use better machinery.

36)OPEC successfully raised the world price of oil in the 1970s and early

1980s primarily due to( )

a)an inelastic demand for oil and a reduction in the amount of oil

supplied.

b) a reduction in the amount of oil supplied and a world-wide oil

embargo.

c) a world-wide oil embargo and an elastic demand for oil.

d) a reduction in the amount of oil supplied and an elastic demand for

oil.

37)A price ceiling( )

a)is a legal maximum on the price at which a good can be sold.

b)is a legal minimum on the price at which a good can be sold.

c)occurs when the price in the market is temporarily above equilibrium.

d)will usually result in a market surplus.

38)A price floor( )

a)is a legal 合法的minimum on the price at which a good can be sold.

b)is a legal maximum on the price at which a good can be sold.

c)will generally result in a market shortage.

d)will benefit the consumer, but hurt the supplier.

39)A binding price ceiling causes( )

a) a shortage, which cannot be eliminated消除through market

adjustment.

b) a surplus, which cannot be eliminated through market adjustment.

c) a shortage, which is temporary, since market adjustment will cause

price to rise.

d) a surplus, which is temporary, since market adjustment will cause

price to rise.

40)In the figure5 shown, a binding price ceiling is shown in( )

a)panel (a).

b)panel (b).

c)both panel (a) and panel (b).

d)neither panel (a) nor panel (b).

Figure5

41)According to the figure6 shown, the equilibrium price in the market

before the tax is imposed is( )

a)$1.00.

b)$3.50.

c)$5.00.

d)$6.00.

Figure 6

42)If a tax is imposed on a market with inelastic demand and elastic

supply( )

a)buyers will bear most of the burden of the tax.

b)sellers will bear most of the burden of the tax.

c)the burden of the tax will be shared equally between buyers and

sellers.

d)it is impossible to determine how the burden of the tax will be shared.

43)If a tax is imposed on a market with elastic demand and inelastic

supply( )

a)buyers will bear most of the burden of the tax.

b)sellers will bear most of the burden of the tax.

c)the burden of the tax will be shared equally between buyers and

sellers.

d)it is impossible to determine how the burden of the tax will be shared.

44)Suppose that a tax is placed on books. If the buyer pays the majority of the

tax we know that the( )

a)supply curve is more inelastic than the demand curve.

b)demand curve is more inelastic than the supply curve.

c)government has placed the tax on the seller.

d)government has placed the tax on the buyer.

45)Cameron visits a sporting goods store to buy a new set of golf clubs. He is

willing to pay $750 for the clubs, but buys them on sale for $575.

Cameron’s consumer surplus from the purchase is( )

a)$175.

b)$575.

c)$750.

d)$1,325.

46)According to the figure7 shown, what area represents total surplus in the

market when the price is P1?( )

a) A + B

b) B + C

c) C + D

d)

figure 7

47)A profits-maximizing firm will shut down in the short run when( )

a)price<average variable cost.

b)price<average total cost

c)average revenue>marginal cost.

d)average revenue >average fixed cost

figure8

48)According to the figure8, the loss in total welfare resulting from the

levying of the tax is represented by area ( )

a) A + B + C.

b) D + E + F.

c) A + B + D + F.

d) C + E.

49)Taxes cause deadweight losses because( )

a)they transfer purchasing power to the government which always

wastes money.

b)they prevent buyers and sellers from realizing some of the gains from

trade.

c)marginal buyers and sellers leave the market causing the quantity sold

to fall.

d)Both b and c are correct.

50)The Laffer curve indicates each of the following EXCEPT income tax

collections will be( )拉佛曲线是一条抛物线

a)very low if income tax rates are very low.

b)very low if income tax rates are very high.

c)at a maximum if income tax rates are at some intermediate level

between very low and very high.

d)very high if income tax rates are very high.

51)The impact of one person's actions on the well-being of a bystander is

called(D)

a)an economic dilemma.

b)deadweight loss.

c)the third-party problem.

d)an externality.

52)Which of the following statements is most correct about a market which is

characterized by a negative production externality?( )P166

a)The equilibrium quantity of output is equal to the socially optimal

quantity.

b)The equilibrium quantity of output is greater than the socially optimal

quantity.负外部性的明显特征,市场生产的数量大于社会合意的数

量,而正外部性是小于,所以才会有矫正税和补贴。

c)Government intervention is not required to achieve a socially optimal

quantity of output.

d)The cost to the producer exceeds the cost to society.

53)Which of the following is true concerning government attempts to

internalize externalities?( )

a)Government should tax goods with negative externalities and

subsidize goods with positive externalities.

b)Government should tax goods with either positive or negative

externalities.

c)Government should subsidize goods with either positive or negative

externalities.

d)Government should tax goods with positive externalities and

subsidize goods with negative externalities.

54)The Coase theorem suggests that private markets may not be able to solve

the problem of externalities( )

a)when the number of interested parties is large and bargaining costs are

high.

b)if government does not actively become involved in the process.

c)if the firm in the market is a monopoly.

d)if some people benefit from the externality.

55)In some cases, pollution permits may be better than a Pigovian tax

because(D)

a)pollution permits allow for a market solution while a Pigovian tax

does not.

b)pollution permits generate more revenue for the government than a

Pigovian tax.

c)Pollution permits are never preferred over a Pigovian tax.

d)the government can set a maximum level of pollution using permits.

56)If one person’s use of a good diminishes another person’s enjoyment of it,

the good is( )

a)rival.

b)excludable.

c)normal.

d)exhaustible.

57)A good is excludable if( )

a)one person's use of the good diminishes another person's enjoyment

of it.

b)the government can regulate its availability.

c)it is not a normal good.

d)people can be prevented from using it.

58)According to experience, the most effective solution to highway

congestion is to( )

a)build more roads.

b)set a price for access to roads, which is paid by those who use them.

c)discourage urban sprawl by subsidizing urban apartment rents.

d)All of the above are correct.

59)The marginal cost curve crosses the average total cost curve at( )

a)the efficient scale.

b)the minimum point on the average total cost curve.

c) a point where the marginal cost curve is rising.

d)All of the above are correct.

60)Which of the following statements about costs is correct?( )

a)When marginal cost is less than average total cost, average total cost

is rising.

b)The total cost curve is U-shaped.

c)As the quantity of output increases, marginal cost eventually rises.

d)All of the above are correct.

!!期中分界

61)According to figure 9, This firm experiences diseconomies of scale at

what output levels?( )

a)output levels above N

b)output levels between M and N

c)output levels below M

d)All of the above are correct, if the firm is operating in the long run.

firgue9

62)When price is below average variable cost, a firm in a competitive market will(A)

a)shut down and incur fixed costs.

b)shut down and incur both variable and fixed costs.

c)continue to operate as long as average revenue exceeds marginal cost.

d)continue to operate as long as average revenue exceeds average fixed cost.

63)Because monopoly firms do not have to compete with other firms, the

outcome in a market with a monopoly is often( )

a)not in the best interest of society.

b)one that fails to maximize total economic well-being.

c)inefficient.

d)All of the above are correct

64)A natural monopoly occurs when( )

a)the product is sold in its natural state (such as water or diamonds).

b)there are economies of scale over the relevant range of output.

c)the firm is characterized by a rising marginal cost curve.

d)production requires the use of free natural resources, such as water or

air.

65)Which of following statements is correct( )

a)The benefits that accrue to a monopoly firm’s owners are equal to the

costs that are incurred by consumers of that firm’s product.

b)The deadweight loss that arises in monopoly stems from the fact that

the profit-maximizing monopoly firm produces a quantity of output

that exceeds the socially-efficient quantity.

c)The deadweight loss caused by monopoly is similar to the deadweight

loss caused by a tax on a product.

d)The main social problem caused by monopoly is monopoly profit.

66)Which of the following statements is (are) true of a monopoly?()

i. A monopoly has the ability to set the price of its product at

whatever level it desires.

ii. A monopoly’s total revenue will always increase when it increases the price of its product.

iii. A monopoly can earn unlimited profits.

b)(i) only

c)(ii) only

d)(i) and (ii)

e)(ii) and (iii)

67)Which of the following is not included in GDP?(a)

a)unpaid cleaning and maintenance 保养of houses

b)services such as those provided by lawyers and hair stylists

c)the estimated rental value of owner-occupied housing

d)production of foreign citizens living in the China

68)An Italian company opens a pasta company in the U.S. The profits from

this pasta company are included in()

a)both U.S. and Italian GNP.

b)both U.S. and Italian GDP.

c)U.S. GDP and Italian GNP.

d)U.S. GNP and Italian GDP.

69)Suppose that twenty-five years ago a country had nominal GDP of 1,000,

a GDP deflator of 200, and a population of 100. Today they have nominal

GDP of 3,000, a deflator of 400, and population of 150? What happened to the real GDP per person?()

a)It more than doubled.

b)It rose, but less than doubled.

c)It was unchanged.

d)It fell.

70)If a small country has current nominal GDP of $25 billion and the GDP

deflator is 125, what is real GDP?()

a)$312.5 billion

b)$207.5 billion

c)$31.25 billion

d)$20 billion

71)Suppose that the basket of goods in the CPI consisted of 3 units of pork

and 2 units of corn. What is the consumer price index for 2004 if the base

a)100

b)105

c)115

d)120

3*20+2*20=100

120

72)In the country of Shem, the CPI is calculated using a market basket

consisting of 5 apples, 4 loaves of bread, 3 robes and 2 gallons of gasoline.

The per-unit prices of these goods have been as follows,What was the inflation rate, as measured by the CPI, between 1999 and 2000?()

b)–7.14 percent

c) 3.75 percent

d)It is impossible to determine without knowing the base year.

73)The catch-up effect refers to the idea that()

a)saving will always "catch-up" with investment spending.

b)it is easier for a country to grow fast if it starts out relatively poor.

c)rich countries aid relatively poor countries so as to help them “catch

up.”

d)if investment spending is low, increased saving will help investment

to "catch-up."

74)In a closed economy, what does (Y – T – C) represent?()

a)national saving

b)government tax revenue

c)public saving

d)private saving

75)Suppose that in a closed economy GDP is equal to 10,000, Taxes are equal

to 2,000, Consumption equals 6,500, and Government expenditures equal 2,500. What are private saving and public saving?()

a)1500 and –500

b)1500 and 500

c)1000 and –500

d)1000 and 500

76)If the current market interest rate for loanable funds is below the

equilibrium level, then there is a()

a)surplus of loanable funds and the interest rate will rise.

b)shortage of loanable funds and the interest rate will rise.

c)shortage of loanable funds and the interest rate will fall.

d)surplus of loanable funds and the interest rate will fall.

77)What would happen in the market for loanable funds if the government

were to increase the tax on interest income?()

a)The supply of loanable funds would shift right.

b)The demand for loanable funds would shift right.

c)The supply of loanable funds would shift left.

d)The demand for loanable funds would shift left.

78)An increase in the budget deficit would cause a()

a)shortage of loanable funds at the original interest rate, which would

lead to falling interest rates.

b)urplus of loanable funds at the original interest rate, which would lead

to rising interest rates.

c)shortage of loanable funds at the original interest rate, which would

lead to rising interest rates.

d)surplus of loanable funds at the original interest rate, which would

lead to falling interest rates.

79)Which of the graphs in the figure below shows the effects of an increase

in the tax rate on saving?()

Figure 10

a)graph 1

b)graph 2

c)graph 3

d)None of the above are correct.

80)Of the following interest rates which is the highest one at which you

would prefer to have $200 ten years from today instead of $100 today?()

a) 2 percent

b) 4 percent

c) 6 percent

d)8 percent

81)Your rich uncle Earl tells you that he will give you $500 in two years. You

could borrow the present value of this $500 and when your uncle sends you the gift have just enough to pay off the loan. About how much can you borrow if the interest rate is 11 percent?()

a)$396.05

b)$402.13

c)$405.81

d)$409.84

82)According to the rule of 70, if the interest rate is 10 percent, about how

long will it take for the value of a savings account to double?()

a)about 6.3 years

b)about 7 years

c)about 7.7 years

d)about 10 years

83)According to the rule of 70, if the interest rate is 5 percent, how long will

it take for the value of a savings account to double?()

a)about 3.5 years

b)about 6.3 years

c)about 12 years

d)about 14 years

84)Which of the following is true concerning a risk-averse person?()

a)She would not play games where the probability of winning and

losing a dollar are the same.

b)She might not buy health insurance if she thinks her risks are low.

c)Her marginal utility of wealth decreases as her income increases.

d)All of the above are correct.

85)Which of the following games might a risk-averse person be willing to

play?(B)

a) A game where she has a 50 percent chance of winning $1 and a 50

percent chance of losing $1.

b) A game where she has a 60 percent chance of winning $1 and a 40

percent chance of losing $1.

c)Both of the above.

d)Neither of the above.

86)Which of the below figure 11 correctly shows how risk changes as the

number of corporations held in a portfolio changes?( )

Figure 11

a)graph a

b)graph b

c)graph c

d)graph d

87)The natural rate of unemployment is the( )

a)unemployment rate that would prevail with zero inflation.

b)rate associated with the highest possible level of GDP.

c)difference between the long-run and short-run unemployment rates.

d)amount of unemployment that the economy normally experie nces.

88)Cyclical unemployment is closely associated with( )

a)long-term economic growth.

b)short-run ups and downs of the economy.

c)fluctuations in the natural rate of unemployment.

d)seasonal fluctuations in spending.

89)The natural unemployment rate includes )

a)both frictional and structural unemployment.

b)neither frictional nor structural unemployment.

c)structural, but not frictional unemployment.

d)frictional, but not structural unemployment.

90)Which of the following is a cause of frictional unemployment?( )

a)the minimum wage

b) a worker leaving a job to find one with better benefits

c)labor unions

d)All of the above are correct.

91)The theory of efficiency wages explains why( )

a)setting wages at the equilibrium level may increase unemployment.

b)it may be in the best interest of firms to offer wages that are above the

equilibrium level.

c)the most efficient way to pay workers is to pay them according to

their skills.

d)it is efficient for firms to set wages at the equilibrium level.

92)When the Fed conducts open market purchases( )

a)it buys Treasury securities, which increases the money supply.

b)it buys Treasury securities, which decreases the money supply.

c)it borrows from member banks, which increases the money supply.

d)it lends money to member banks, which decreases the money supply.

93)When the Fed conducts open market sales( )

a)it sells Treasury securities, which increases the money supply.

b)it sells Treasury securities, which decreases the money supply.

c)it borrows from member banks, which increases the money supply.

西方经济学证明与计算题

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C.国民收入决定理论D.经济增长理论 7、关于实证经济学与规范经济学说法正确的是() A.两者并不是绝对相互排斥的,而应当是相互补充的。 B.规范经济学是以实证经济学为基础,而实证经济学则是以规范经济学作为指导的。 C.一般来说,越是具体的问题,实证的成分越多,而越是高层次的、决策性的问题,就越具有规范性。 D.以上说法都对 二、多项选择 1、微观经济学的主要内容包括() A.体格决定理论B.消费者行为理论 C.生产者行为理论D.市场理论和分配理论等 2、宏观经济学的基本内容有() A.宏观经济政策B.经济周期与增长理论 C.国民收入决定理论D.失业与通货膨胀理论 3、下列关于资源稀缺性的正确的说法有() A.资源稀缺性是相对于欲望的无限性而言的 B.地球上的资源本来就少 C.资源稀缺性存在于世界各地 D.资源稀缺性存在于人类历史的各个时期 三、判断题

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一、判断题(下列各题,如果您认为正确,请在题后的括号中打上“√”号,否则请打上“×”号,每题1分,共10分)1.由于世界资源是有限的,当两个国家发生贸易时,一个国家的消费如果增加,另一个国家的消费必定减少。()2.假设其他条件都不变,当苹果的价格升高时,苹果的供给就会增加。()3.无论是完全竞争还是垄断竞争,厂商在长期内只能得到正常利润。()4.根据边际效用递减规律,消费者的总满意度会随着所吃糖块数量的增加而减少。() 5. 当苹果的价格处于均衡价格时,每个想得到苹果的人都可以得到。() 6.通货膨胀期间的所有价格都上涨。()7.财政政策的作用,是通过政府的税收和支出的力量而移动总供给曲线。()8.对经济学家来说,投资这个词表示购买股票。()9.当你把50美元存入你的支票账户的时候,M1仍然不变。()10.自动稳定器存在一个潜在执行上的滞后,因为萧条开始时,国会需讨论所面临的问题。()二、单项选择题(每题1分,共50分) 1.以下不属于生产要素的是() A.电脑B.用于创办新公司的100万美元C.工厂的工人D.在达拉斯的一块空地皮 2.我计划去看一场5美元的电影而不是复习准备考试,这场电影的总机会成本是() A.是我用这5美元所能买到的东西以及我所放弃的学习时间。 B.是5美元。 C.取决于电影好看与否。 D.是我在相同时间里所能学到的东西。 3.市场机制是() A.依靠销售和价格来向生

产者传递信息。 B.消除由于政府干预而导致的市场失灵。 C.通过政府的中央计划得以实现。 D.是非常无效率的,因为无法通过直接的方式在消费者和生产者之间进行沟通。 4.一个社会必须关注生产什么这一问题,因为()A.政府失灵。 B.一个经济体内部的资金是有限的。 C.生产可能性曲线。D.它不能生产所需要的所有商品和服务。 5.下面哪种情况能够使生产可能性曲线向外移动()A.经济体中资金量的增加。 B.雇佣工人数量的减少。 C.技术的提高。 D.美国移民数量的减少。6.某消费者消费一个单位的某商品获得的效用为50,消费两单位该商品的效用为90,消费三单位的效用为121,则该消费者消费第三单位的该商品获得的效用边际效用为()A.87 B. 40 C.31 D.71 7.当人们的收入水平提高时,则食物支出占总支出的比重将( )。 A. 大大增加 B. 稍有增加 C. 不变D. 8.如果某商品的价格从3元上升到5元,其需求量从11单位下降到9单位,该厂商的收益将( )。 A. 增加B. C. 不变 D. 9.在其他条件不变的情况下,如果某商品的价格下降10%能够引起消费者在该商品上的总支出增加1%,则这种商品的需求量对其价格是( )。 A. 富有弹性的 B. 缺乏弹性的C. 单元弹性的 D. 10.总产量曲线的斜率是() A.总产量 B.平均产量 C.边际产量

西方经济学计算题 (2)

1.某种商品在价格由10元下降为6元时,需求量由20单位增加为40单位。用中点法计算这种商品的需求弹性,并说明属于哪一种需求弹性。P63 答:(1)已知P1=10,P2=6,Q1=20,Q2=40。将已知数据代入公式: Ed=34.167 .02 /)21/(2/)21/(30 20 == +?+?P P P Q Q Q (2)根据计算结果,需求量变动的比率大于价格变动的比率,故该商品的需求富有弹性 2.某种化妆品的需求弹性系数为3,如果其价格下降低25%,需求量会增加多少?假设当价格为2元,需求量为2000瓶,降价后需求量应该为多少?总收益有何变化? (1)已知E d =3, 25/=?P P %,根据计算弹性系数的一般公式: E d =P P Q Q //?? 需求量会增加:%75%25*3/*/==?=?p p E Q Q d . (2)降价后的需求量为:2000+2000*75%=3500(瓶) (3)降价前的总收益TR 1=2*2000=4000元 降价后的总收益TR 1=2(1-25%)*3500=5250元 从以上计算结果可知,该商品降价后总收益增加了:5250-4000=1250元。 4.某个拥有一个企业,假设该企业每年收益为100万元。有关资料如下:(1)如果不经营这家企业而去找一份工作,他可以得到每年2万元的工资;(2)厂房租金3万元;(3)原材料支出60万元(4)设备折旧3万元;(5)工人工资10万元;(6)电力等3万元;(7)使用一部分自有资金进行生产,该资金若存入银行,预计可得5万元利息。货款利息15万元。该企业的会计成本和会计利润、经济成本和经济利润分别是多少? (1)企业生产与经营中的各种实际支出称为会计成本。根据题意,该企业的会计成本为:3+60+3+10+3+15=94万元。总收益100万元减去会计成本94万元,会计利润为6万元。 (2)会计成本为94万元,机会成本为7万元(2万元+5万元),经济成本为101万元,总收益减去经济成本101万元,经济利润为负1万元,即亏损1万元。 5.某人购买某种股票共投资280万元,获得15%红利的概率为0.4,获得10%红利的概率为 0.5,无红利的概率为0.1。在这种情况下,购买该种股票的未来预期收益是多少? 答:购买该种股票的未来预期收益为:(280×15%)×0.4+(280×10%)×0.5+(280×0) ×0.1=16.8+14+0=30.8万元 答:GDP 平减指数=(某一年名义GDP/某一年实际GDP )×100 7.设资本量为100,资本增量为20,劳动量为30,资本在劳动中所作的贡献为0.25,技术进步率为0.02,试根据新古典经济增长模型计算经济增长率。 答:已知K=100,ΔK=20,L=150,ΔL=30,a=0.25, ΔA/A=0.02,根据新古典经济增长模型:G=0.25×(20/100)+(1-0.25) ×(30/150)+0.02=22%. 8.当自发总支出增加80亿元时,国内生产总值增加200亿元,计算这时的乘数、边际消费倾向、边际储蓄倾向。 答:(1)乘数a=国内生产总值增加量/自发总支出增加量=200/80=2.5 (2)根据公式a=1/(1-c ),已知a=2.5,因此,边际消费倾向MPC 或c=0.6 (3)因为MPC+MPS=1,所以MPS=0.4 9.社会收入为1500亿元时,储蓄为500亿元;增加为2000亿元时,储蓄为800亿元,根据以上数据计算边际消费倾向、边际储蓄倾向和乘数。 答:(1)MPC= 500 1000 12001500 2000) 5001500()8002000(-----==0.4 (2)MPS=== --500 300 1500 2000500 8000.6(或MPS=1-0.4=0.6) (3)根据乘数的计算公式:a== c 1 67.14 .011=- 10.假设某银行吸收存款100万元,按规定要留准备金15万元,请计算: (1)准备率为多少?(2)能创造出多少货币?(3)如果准备增至25万元,能创造出多少货币? 答:(1)准备率=准备金/存款总额×100%=15/100×100%=15% (2)已知R=100,r=15%,将已知数据代入公式:D=R/r=100/15%=66.7万元 (3)如果准备金增至25万元,即r=25%,根据公式:D=R/r=100/25%=400万元 11.中央银行想使流通中的货币量增加1200 万元,如果现金一存款率是0.2,法定准备率是0.1,中央银行需要在金融市场上购买多少政府债券? 答:已知cu=0.2,r=0.1,则 mm=43 .02 .11 == ++r cu cu 已知M=1200,mm=4,根据公式mm=M/H,可知H=300万元,即中央银行需要在金融市场上购买300万元的政府债券。 12.某国总需求增加100亿元,其边际消费倾向为0.6,边际进口倾向为0.2,请计算:(1)该国的对外贸易乘数;(2)总需求增加会使国内生产总值增加多少? (3)国内生产总值增加后,进口会增加多少? 答:(1)对外贸易乘数=1/(1-边际消费倾向+边际进口倾向)=1/(1-0.6+0.2)=1.67 (2)总需求增加会使国内生产总值增加:1.67×100=167亿元 (3)国内生产总值增加后,进口会增加,167×0.2=33.4亿元 均衡价格和均衡数量。 答:根据均衡价格决定的公式,即D=S ,则有:40-31P=51 P 由上式可计算出均衡价格P=75。

经济学原理作业及答案

1. 经济学原理的假定前提有哪些? 西方经济学有两个基本假定:第一,经济人的假定。经济人假定也称为理性人假定。“经济人”被规定为经济生活中的一般的人的抽象,基本性被假设为是利己的。 第二,完全信息的假设条件。这一假设条件的主要含义是市场上每一个从事经济活动的个体(即买者和卖者)都对有关的经济情况具有完全的信息。 上述两个假设条件未必完全合乎事实,它们是为了理论分析的方便而设立的。 2.假设某学生有10小时的时间用于准备即将到来的经济学与英语的考试。在给定该学生时间资源的条件下,试画出其分数的生产可能性边界。如果该学生没有认真复习,而是去玩电脑游戏了,那么,相对于他的生产可能性边界而言,他的分数“产量”在何处?如果该学生将学习时间从10小时增加到15小时,那么,他的分数可能性边界会发生何种变化? 给定10小时学习时间的条件下,该学生的分数的生产可能性边界如下图所示。缺乏效率的学习时间会导致其分数“产量”位于先前勤奋学习的生产可能性边界的下方。如果学习时间增加,分数的生产可能性边界将沿东北方向向外移动。

3.假定下表是供给曲线Qs= -3+2p 在一定价格范围内的供给表: (1)求出价格3元和5元之间的供给的价格弧弹性。 (2)根据给出的供给函数,求P =4元时的供给的价格点弹性。 (1)供给价格弧弹性的公式: 2)21(2)21(Q Q P P P Q Q P P Q P P Q Q E ++???=???=??= 6.12)37(2 )35(3537=++?--=E (2)供给价格的点弹性公式 1.6 5 4 2)'23(E 5 423Q 4P P ]P Q )[('=?=?+-==?+-==? =?==Q P P Q P Q Q P dP dQ P dP Q dQ E 时,当求导对表示 4.已知某商品的需求方程和供给方程分别为:Qd=14-3P ;Qs=2+6P 。求该商品的均衡价格,以及均衡时的需求价格弹性和供给价格弹性。 =Qd s Q 时市场处于均衡状态,此时14-3P=2+6P ,得出 10,34 == Qe Pe 此时需求价格弹性为: 4 .01034 31034 )'314()('=??=?--=?-=?-=P Q P P Qd Q P dP dQ Ed 供给价格弹性为:=?=Q P dP dQ Es 8.010******* )'62()('=?? =?+=?P Q P P Qs 5.运用供求图,说明下列事件对运动衫市场的影响。 (1)皮夹克价格下降。 (2)发明了新织布机。 a.皮夹克价格下降。

经济学原理试卷及答案

《经济学原理》(A卷) 专业:学号:姓名:分数: 一、选择题(每小题2分,共40分,每题只有一个正确答案) 1、由于选择人们不得不付出的代价被称为() A、费用 B、成本 C、机会成本 D、支出 2、微观经济学要解决的问题是() A、既定资源的配置 B、资源总量的决定 C、如何实现充分就业 D、国民收入的决定 3、若某商品价格上升2%,其需求量下降10%,则该商品的需求() A、缺乏弹性 B、富有弹性 C、具有单位弹性 D、完全无弹性 4、边际效用递减意味着,随着对一种商品消费数量的增加() A、商品价格越来越高 B、无差异曲线向右下方倾斜 C、预算约束线的斜率越来越小 D、消费者为增加一单位该商品支付的意愿减少 5、在完全竞争市场上,厂商的短期供给曲线是() A、MC以上的AVC曲线 B、MC以上的AC曲线 C、AVC以上的MC曲线 D、AC以上的MC曲线 6、在完全垄断市场上,厂商面对的需求曲线() A、与数量轴平行 B、与边际收益曲线重合 C、向右下方倾斜 D、位于边际收益曲线的下方 7、公共物品导致市场失灵,是因为它们具有() A、竞争性 B、非排他性 C、排他性 D、有用性 8、在国民收入核算体系中,一定时期内一国生产的所有最终产品和劳务的市场价值总和是指() A、国内生产总值 B、国民收入 C、国内生产净值 D、可支配收入总和 9、失业率是指() A、失业人数占劳动力总数的百分比 B、失业人数占就业人数的百分比 C、失业人数城镇劳动力总数的百分比 D、失业人数占整个国家人数的百分比 10、在总需求与总供给的短期均衡中,总需求增加必然导致() A、国民收入减少,价格总水平下降

西方经济学计算题及答案

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