2013年考研英语真题答案解析
Section Ⅰ Use of English
1. 【答案】 [A]
【考点分析】上下文语义和词汇辨析
【解析】本题考查动词。根据上下文意思，首先可以排除[B]和[D]。这句话中 that 引导一个定语从句，主要是说这一优势赋予了一种特定的能力。[C]中transmit 为传播，不符合上下文意思。
2. 【答案】 [D]
【考点分析】上下文语义
【解析】 which are unbiased 这个定语从句做插入语修饰 judgment。这句话的意思是“通过XXX因素作出公正判决的能力”，由此可以排除[A] 和 [B]。做这一题时，我们需要理解第一句话，给我们提供了一个大的背景和条件。第一句话说“人们不擅长利用背景信息作决定”，所以可以推出这儿并不是“通过关键信息”来做出公正的判决，而是通过其它一些信息，如外部的信息，作出判决。根据上下文意思，可以推出 [D] 为正确答案。
3.【答案】 [C]
【考点分析】上下文语义和固定搭配
【解析】 big picture 是一个固定搭配，指(事情的)主要部分;重点，故选[A]。其它词语与big 搭配，均没有这层意思。
4. 【答案】 [A]
【考点分析】逻辑衔接题
【解析】根据上下文的逻辑关系判断，在提出一个观点之后，接下来就是进行例证。选项中只有[A] 表示“例如”，符合这一逻辑关系，故选[A]。[B]表示“平均”的意思;[C]为“大体上，原则上”;[D] 为“首先”，均不符合。
5. 【答案】 [B]
【考点分析】上下文语义和词汇辨析
【解析】这四个选项均可以与介词 of 搭配，[A] 表示“喜欢”， [B] 表示“害怕，恐怕”， [C] 表示“能够，具有…能力”， [D] 表示“轻率的，考虑不周的”。of 后面的短语作 judge 的定语，这句话意思是“XXX地显得对犯罪太过软弱的法官可能更倾向于给被告作出判刑的判决”。根据上下文的意思，可以排除 [A] 和 [D]。而“显得对犯罪太过软弱”显然不是某种能力，故可以排除[C] 选项。根据上下文意思，害怕显得过于软弱的法官，才会更倾向于作出较严厉的判决。故选[B]。
6. 【答案】 [B]
【考点分析】介词搭配
【解析】 soft on sb/sth 是一个固定搭配词组，表示“对某人/某事态度偏软，不够严厉”的意思，故选[B]。
7.【答案】A
【考点分析】逻辑衔接题
【解析】前半句含义是“一个担心自己会犯罪行为上表现的过分软弱的法官可能会判人入狱”，后半句含义是“当天他已经判五到六个人缓刑”两句间的逻辑关系明显为假设。
A if 表示假设“如果”。
B until “直到。。。才。。。”。
C though “然而”，表转折。
D unless “除非”，表让步。前半句是结果主句，后半句是一个假设条件，所以选C
8.【答案】 D。
【考点分析】上下文语义及动词辨析
【解析】本句话是说要进行试验来验证观点。空格后的名词idea作宾语，对决定动词十分关键。
动词意思应为“测试”。A promote “促进”。B emphasize “强调”。C share “分享”。
D test “测试”。只有D 选项和“观点”搭配，符合语境。
9.【答案】 D。
【考点分析】上下文语义及名词辨析
【解析】本句话含义是讲其中一个申请者与其他申请在面试中的关系。申请者希望成功。A decisioin “选择”。B quality “质量”。C status “身份”。D success “成功”。只有D 项搭配，符合语境。
10.【答案】 A。
【考点分析】后置定语
【解析】本句意为测试中随机选出的其他申请者。A chosen “选出”。B stupid “笨的”。C found “发现”。D identified “识别”。只有 A 选项和申请者搭配意为选出来的申请者，符合语境。
11.【答案】 D。
【考点分析】逻辑衔接题
【解析】后半句开头的but已经暗示了下文的连接词。内容上前半句意为一个申请者的面试成功和其他申请者没有关系，后半句意为西蒙森怀疑事实。明显是转折关系。A exceptional “例外的”。B defensible “可防御的”。C replaceable “可替换的”。D otherwise “相反的”。只有D项可以表转折关系，所以选D。
12. 【答案】 C。
【考点分析】后置定语
【解析】本句前半句是说西蒙森研究了面试者的结果，后半句含义是招生办官员。所以这里应该是招生办官员举行面试，后半句做后置定语。A inspire “鼓舞”。B expressed “表达”。C conducted “举行”。D secured “保护”。所以结合上下文可以得出只有C项符合语境。
13.【答案】B
【考点分析】上下文语义及动词词义辨析
【解析】文中句子含义为，“面试官有13个申请者一到五级打分”A .assign 分配;指派; 将财产过户(尤指过户给债权人)B .rate 认为;估价，C.match 使比赛D .arrange 安排，根据上下文含义，应选B.
14.【答案】 [D]
【解析】固定搭配。题干This scale 14 numerous factors into consideration. 空格处需要动词一个。因为后面有into consideration. 所以选took. Take into consideration 是把什么考虑在内的意思。
15. 【答案】 [B]
【解析】本题考查逻辑关系，通过上下文应该选择一个表顺承先后顺序的词，只有B项then合适。
16. 【答案】 [C]
【考点分析】上下文语义和逻辑关系
【解析】这句话 which 引导一个定语从句，修饰 exam，考试都有一个总分，这句话的意思是说“以800分计算的标准测试”，可以排除[A]、[B]和 [D]选项。mark 表示“得分”，符合原文意思，故选[C]。
17. 【答案】 [A]
【考点分析】上下文语义和逻辑关系
【解析】根据词语的意思和搭配，可以排除 [C] 和 [D] 选项。这题的选择必须与后面一题联系起来进行选择，这句话说“前面候选者的分数比XXX的候选者高0.75分”，则“下一个候选者则XXX”，由此可知，“前面的候选者”肯定不能是比他后面的人分数高，排除[B]。[A] 选项符合上下文逻辑关系，故选[A]。
18. 【答案】C.
【解析】根据上下文意思，是一种up和down 的趋势，17空前面是up趋势，所以18谓语动词应该选“下降”的趋势的动词，A,B,C,D之中明显的表下降的是B项， drop相对于前面的high。
19. 【答案】B.
【解析】根据上下文应该选一个“消除”影响的含义的动词，答案当中B项和A,C 相反，B是“消除”即“不会产生”，符合上下文。
20. 【答案】C
【解析】本题需要找个形容词修饰points, A 项promising “有前途的，有希望的”;意思不合适，很明显B,C,D当中C项necessary符合上下文。
Section Ⅱ Reading Comprehension
Part A
Text 1
21.【答案】B insensitivity to fashion.
【解析】事实细节题。根据题干，首先定位到首段。由文章第一句后半句“…scolds her unattractive assistant for imagining that high fashion doesn’t affect her.”意思是：“……批评她没有魅力的助理，因为助理认为高级时尚对她的生活影响不大”。可知criticize是对scolds的同义替换，B项中的“insensitivity to fashion”是“imagining that high fashion doesn’t affect her.”的同义替换。所以B项为正确答案。A项在文中并未提及，属于无中生有。C项和D项是对文章第一句的曲解。
22.【答案】D shop for their garments more frequently.
【解析】事实细节题。根据题干，首先定位到第二段。由倒数第二句“these labels encourage style-conscious consumers to see clothes as disposable, ……, and to renew their wardrobe every few weeks.”意思是“这些商标(畅销商标)促使有时尚意识的消费者将服装看成是用完就可以丢弃的，……，并且每周更新他们的衣橱。”D选项“shop for their garments more frequently”的意思是“更加频繁地购买服装”，正好是“renew their wardrobe every few weeks”的同义替换。A，B，C项均属于无中生有项。
23.【答案】A accusation.
【解析】词义题。题干中需要猜测词义的单词出现在第二段的第一句“……the feverish world described in Overdressed, Elizabeth Cline’s three-year indictment of ‘fast fashion’”。再结合选项可知，“indictment”是Elizabeth Cline对“快时尚”的一种态度。因此，解答此题的关键在于联系上下文语境，找到Elizabeth Cline对“快时尚”的态度。由第二段最后一句“By offering on-trend items at dirt-cheap prices, Cline argues, these brands have hijacked fashion cycles, shaking an industry long accustomed to a seasonal pace.”，意思是“Cline说，通过以特别低的价格销售潮流物品，这些品牌破坏了潮流周期，动摇了这个长久以来习惯于季节周期的产业”。由“hijack”和“shaking”可知，Cline对“快时尚”应该是持否定态度的，所以选项A“accusation (谴责)”是正确
选项。
24.【答案】D pricing is vital to environmental-friendly purchasing.
【解析】推理判断题。根据题干，可定位到最后一段。解题关键在于“Vanity is a constant; people will only start shopping more sustainably when they can’t afford not to”，意思是“每个人都很虚荣，这很常见。但消费者付不起太多东西的时候，他们才会以更加可持续的方式去购物。”这句的关键词是“afford”和“shop more sustainably”，对应于D项中的“pricing”和“environmental-friendly purchasing”。A项对于本段的曲解。B 项说的是“忽视环境的可持续发展”，与文中“several fast-fashion companies have made efforts to curb their impact on labor and the environment…”(一些时尚服饰公司已经做出努力减少对劳动力和环境)意思相悖。C项文中未提及。
25.【答案】C criticism of the fast-fashion industry.
【解析】主旨大意题。此题考查对全文主旨大意的准确归纳。从整个文章脉络来看，文章的第一段用事例引入，第二段讲到文章的主题“快时尚”，并指出它破坏了时尚周期，动摇了时尚产业。第三四段指出“快时尚”这种变革的弊端，比如：给自然资源造成压力、使用大量有害的化学物质、浪费现象。最后两段提到针对“快时尚”的不良影响，可以采取的解决办法。由此可知，C项统领全文，为正确答案。A, B,D项都不是文章所论述的中心主题。
Text 2
26.【答案】B lower their operational costs
【解析】此题考查考生对文章细节信息的把握能力。此类题目的解题关键在于根据题干信息定位，本题的“Paragraph 1”，“behavioural”即为定位信息。
根据文章第一段第二句“this fraction can be much reduced”在互联网时代，至少在理论上，被浪费的那一部分资金中，有很多都可以节省下来。对应文章“half of all advertising budgets are wasted”。故B项“降低运营成本”是文章的同义改写。ABD项文章均为提到。
27. 【答案】D internet browser developers
【解析】此题考查考生对文章细节信息的把握能力。根据题干中已经给出了具体信息点“The
industry”应回第三段定位。
根据题干信息“the industry”可推测the为前文指代，所以应当定位到该句之前，文章内容为：“摩斯拉(Mozilla)的火狐(Firefox)、微软(Microsoft)的IE(Internet Explorer)及苹果的浏览器Safari都有“不允许跟踪”选项;今年，谷歌也将在Chrome中加入这一功能”，由此可推断出选项D“网络浏览器开发商”为正确选项。
28.【答案】C will not benefit consumers
【解析】此题考查考生对文章细节信息的把握能力。结合题干中所给出的人名“Bob Liodice”以及专有名词DNT和“default”可回文章定位到第五段。
文章中Bob Liodice称，“如果广告商不能收集有关用户偏好的信息，那么这对于消费者来说将更为不利。”原文中“consumers will be worse off”对应C选项“will not benefit consumers”，“将对消费者不利”，因此C应为正确答案。A项与原文相反，“垃圾广告”不是减少而是增加。B项“对广告业没有影响”以及D项“违背人性”均与文章不符。
29.【答案】A DNT may not serve its intended purpose
【解析】此题考查考生对文章的细节信息的把握能力，关键在于定位和辨别细节信息。
根据题干信息提示，我们不难定位到文章第六段最后一句的后半部分“…some may ignore a DNT signal and press on anyway.”一些公司可能忽略“不允许跟踪”信号，
继续记录用户的在线行为。所以推知"不允许跟踪"可能不会起到预期的作用。选项B广告商很乐意实行“不允许跟踪”与本段第一句话“It is not yet clear how advertisers will respond. 广告商们会对此作何反应仍不清楚”不符。选项C"不允许跟踪"已经不再收到消费者的欢迎与本段第一句和最后一句内容“…some may ignore a DNT signal and press on anyway.”不符;选项C广告商被迫提供"行为"广告与文中“Getting a DNT signal does not oblige anyone to stop tracking…”不相符。
30.【答案】D skepticism
【解析】此题考查考生对作者观点态度的把握。根据自然段定位法可定位到文章的最后一
段。
根据关键信息Brendon Lynch我们主要定位到文章最后一段的倒数第二句以及最后一句。Brendon Lynch“在博客中写道：‘我们认为用户应该有更大的话语权。’”紧接着最后一句“Could it really be that simple? 真的是这么简单吗?”体现了作者的态度。A项意为“纵容”;B项为““理解”之义;选项C为“感激”之义;D项为“怀疑”。因此只有D项符合作者本意，故为正确答案。
Text 3
31.【答案】 B our faith in science and technology
【解析】细节题。根据题干信息，our vision of the future used to定位为文章第一段。B选项为答案，我们的对未来的想象曾经被我们对于科技的信心所鼓舞。 A 选项错误原因为因果倒置，lives of fulfillment是由science and technololgy导致，与文章题干要求our vision of future 无关。C选项为无中生有，也未提到awareness of potential risks的概念。D选项equal opportunity为opportunity for all所有人都有相等的机会的曲解。
32.【答案】B a threaten to the environment
【解析】推理题。文章问题是“Red List”表明人类怎么是什么。根据关键词定位到文章的第三段。Look up Homo sapiens in the "Red List" of threatened species of the International Union for the Conversation of Nature (IUCN) ,and you will read….根据threatened species知道是被威胁的物种，同时后面的the Conversation of Nature 知道是对自然的。那这个“threatened”被人类威胁就很明显。
33.【答案】 D Our Immediate future is hard to conceive.
【解析】判断题。 A 选项定位在it's perhaps best left to science fiction writers and futurologists to explore the many possibilities we can envisage. That's one reason why we have launched Arc, a new publication dedicated to the near future.这里根本就没有讲限制。这2句话是说要让科幻小说的作者和未来学家去探索我们能现象的可能性。.这里发表的Arc根本就没有讲限制。A 排除B讲科技，但是文章说完The potential evolution of today's technology, and its social consequences, is dazzlingly complicated,讲科技和它的社会意义。后面一句 and it's perhaps best…能看得到转折。文章也没有提到solution，也没有提到社会问题(social problem).
C 选项是说对科幻小说的兴趣在上升(on the rise)但是整段都没有说到这个趋势。
D 选项定位文章第一句话Perhaps willfully , it may be easier to think about such lengthy timescales than about the more immediate future.从这句话能推测出immediate future是比漫长的时标更难的事情，也是更不易察觉的。
34.【答案】 C draw on our experience from the past
【解析】细节题。定位的是future of the mankind ,文章第6段，同时有个很重要的标点符号冒号，说明the past holds the key to the future: 一直在点号之前都
是这句话的具体解释。也就是说这句强调the past 的关键性，所以选择C。A项B项和D 项都跟内容无关。
35. 【答案】A Uncertainty about Our Future
【解析】主旨题文章最好的题目是A选项，对未来的不确定性。文章第一段讲过去人们对于未来的想象，第二，三段为对现在的看法。第四段至最后一段为对未来的不确定性。B选项为人类的演化，C选项为人类美好的前景，D选项科学，技术与人类不是文章的主旨。顾答案为A。
Text 4
36.【答案】C
【解析】此题考查考生对文章细节信息的把握能力
根据题干中的关键词 three provisions of Arizona定位到文中第二段。第一句提到Arizona计划的三个部分被推翻是让州和地方警察实施联邦移民法律。这句话没有相对应选项，所以看到后面一句，意思是宪法的规则是毋庸置疑的，它认为华盛顿本身就有建立一个统一的自然化的规则的权力，而且认为联邦法律优先于州法律。所以被推翻就是因为它超越了联邦移民法的权威。此题也可在第三段第二句话，因为它提到on the overturned provision, 意思是大部分人认为议会故意占据了领地，Arizona因此侵犯了联邦的享有特权的权力。所以，答案是B
37.【答案】C
【解析】此题考查考生对文章细节信息的把握能力
根据题干的关键词the Justice 和Paragraph 4, 就可以准确定位在第四段。因为是判断正误题，我们就可以采用排除的方法。通过观察选项，发现B.C都是围绕State, 我们就可以先找关于它的内容。第四段第二句话提到，议会通常想象联邦和州一起实施移民法律，而且明确鼓励州和联邦的官员共享信息以及合作。所以C选项，即州在移民实施方面的合法的作用，是正确答案。
38.【答案】D
【解析】此题考查考生对文章细节信息的推理引申能力
根据题干中的关键词Paragraph 5和the Alien and Sedition, 就可以精确定位在第五段第二句话的最后，也就是回归到the Alien and Sedition法案的州特权，所以和法案有关联的就是选项D. 而且我们也不难发现，B和D是一对矛盾选项，通过阅读文章，排除
D.
39.【答案】A
【解析】此题考查考生对文章细节信息的把握能力
根据题干中的关键词the White House, 定位在第六段。最后一句提到白宫声称它能够使任何它不同意的州法律不合法，也就是选项A.
40.【答案】D
【解析】此题考查考生对文章主旨的把握能力
根据前三段得出文章的主旨和移民法律有关，只有A和D提到，答案在其中之一。而A 是说通常被议会决定，和本段第三段句话内容冲突。所以答案是D.
Part B
文章来源于Luk Van Langenhon在《自然》杂志中关于对社会科学研究的资金未来取向，他的论据从社会科学的投资收益率角度，建议我们应该资助解决在各学科大环境下的大问题的研究。
41.【答案】E
【考点分析】复现结构+代词纸带关系定位
【解析】此题为段中空，因此此空所填内容是由其上下文决定的。上句中Yet this enormous resource 没有对如今的global challenges做出足够的贡献，这些global challenges 包括 climate change, security, sustainable development and health. E 选项中These issues指代上句中的各种global challenges，并且all have root causes in human behavior解释了为什么说this enormous resource in not contributing enough to today’s global challenges。因此E 选项为正确答案。
42.【答案】F
【考点分析】上下文逻辑关系定位
【解析】此题为段首空，其内容由下一句决定。空后说This is a shame，那么此句之前，即空中所填的内容一定是一个让人感觉 shameful的事情。只有F 选项中many social scientists seem reluctant to tackle such problems 是应该羞愧的事情。因此可以确定
F 选项为正确答案
43. 【答案】B
【考点分析】复现结构定位
【解析】此题为段尾空，其内容由上句确定。上一句句子主要意思是包括关键词environmental changed 和 climate change 的论文的数量迅速增长.，根据段落内容一致性原则，下面应该继续讲此类论文的数量问题。只有选项B 中继续说，“然而，这些数量还是很小的”，从内容上来说衔接十分紧密，因此B 为正确答案。
44. 【答案】G
【考点分析】代词指代关系定位
【解析】此题为段中空，其内容由其上下句决定。空后面句子说this is an adequate amount，这是一个充足的数字。那么空中一定要出现的是一些数字，而选项中提到数字的只有B 和G 选项。B 选择数字之前直接说明the numbers are still small，数字仍然很小，与空后面说充足的数量矛盾，故排除。G 选项national spending …varied from around 4% to 25%, 符合空中所要求的内容，故为正确答案。
45. 【答案】C
【考点分析】复现结构定位+代词指代关系定位
【解析】此题为段中空，其内容由其上下句确定。空后面有个代词that 并且说明That should create more collaborative endeavors 那将带来一个“合作性的”endeavors. C 选项中the idea is to force social to integrate 也就是整合 their work with other categories。Integrate 与collaborative 同义复现，故为正确答案。
Section III Translation
46.【句子分析】本句的主干为：it strikes one，其中it为形式主语，真正的主语为that引导的主语从句。句首是when 引导的时间状语从句。Beyond后的that指代的是上文的diversity。For all在句中是“尽管”的意思。
【译文】然而当人们观看那些由无家可归的人创建的花园的照片时，人们能会深深的震撼。因为这些花园不仅风格各异，在它的装饰和创造性之外，也透露出了其他的基本的人类需求。
47.【句子分析】本句的主干为：A sacred place of peace...is a distinctly human need.主谓之间插入了一个however引导的让步状语从句。as opposed to shelter后为which
引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰shelter。In effect是“事实上，本质上”的意思。
【译文】尽管神圣的和平之地是原始的，但是它明显是一种人类本能的需求，和庇护所相反，那只是动物的本能需求。
48.【句子分析】本句的主干为：The gardens of the homeless...introduce form...where引导的是修饰environment的定语从句，在句子中作地点状语。
【译文】无家可归的人的花园，事实上是无家可归的花园。它把一种形式引入城市环境中。在这些城市环境中要么没有这些花园，要么没有如此显眼的花园。
49.【句子分析】本句的主干为：most of us give into a demoralization of spirit...which紧跟spirit之后引导的是定语从句。Until引导的是时间状语从句，其中as if是“好像，正如”的意思。
【译文】我们当中大多数人都屈服于精神上的败坏，我们经常把这种精神上的败坏推卸到心理环境上，直到有一天我们发现自己处于一个花园当中，并感受到这种精神的败坏不可思议的消失了。
50.【句子分析】本句是it is...that...形式的强调句型。强调的部分是主语this implicit or explicit reference to nature。主句的谓语动词是justifies。In a...sense 是“在某种意义上，从某种意义上”的意思。
【译文】正是这种隐含或外露的对自热的提及充分证明了从一种“解放”的意义上说使用“花园”这个词来描述人工建筑是合理的。
Section III Writing
Part A
Dear Friends:
As a member of Students' Union I am writing on behalf of our university, We are very pleased to know that you are making a visit .Welcome to our school.
We are all students, campus life is very important in our life, so we are very interested of your campus life, first I want to introduce my campus life for you. Our university has a big library, all kinds of books in it, so if we have time, many students will go there to read books, in order to improve knowledge and expand horizon. Many activities will be held in our school once a month, such as reading、singing、lecture、science and technology. We also have much chance to contact with society to lifting our capacity. We are very happy to live there.
Thanking for your visiting, we also want to know your campus life.
Yours sincerely
Li Ming
Part B
真题范文：
Decisions after Graduation
Recently, there has been a growing concern among the public over the topic of the choice after graduation. As is described in the picture, a group of graduates is facing various roads such as: searching for jobs, pursuing further study, going
abroad and entrepreneurship. The picture intends to convey to us this message: As adults, college students have to make decisions about their future life.
After graduation, college students have to make decisions about their future life. For those who are eager to become economically independent and to put into practice what they have learned in college, taking a job or doing poineering work will be both satisfying and rewarding. Getting established as a bread-winner after graduation is their main desire. By contrast, those who want to take advantage of the favorable conditions in college, however, will try to enroll in graduate programs inside or outside. For them, a Master's degree or even a Doctoral degree represents a much more ambitious goal than a bachelor's degree. In the same way, their lifetime success and interest lies more in academic achievements than in making money.
As far as I am concerned, it is sensible that we should take a rational attitude towards the decisive choice. For the part of my own, getting a higher degree abroad has long been my dream. This is based on my belief that I should do more research and learn more while I am still young.
2013年考研英语 (一)大作文再次考察图画作文，这种题型广大考生应该不会陌生。图形中描述的是毕业生面临的不同选择，属于意义分析型中的人生哲理类文章，这也是跨考写作课程(写作课件P85-100)重点强调并且要求学生多次练习的类型，并且在考前跨考出版的《考研英语命题人考前8天作文大预测》P116，准确预测了“选择”这一话题。历年真题2004，2007，2008都属于意义分析型文章，其中2004年-终点又是新起点与2013年作文题目最为接近。
人生哲理型文章的第一段与其它类型的文章区别不大，描述图片以及点题，例如用As is revealed in the picture/ cartoon, ……句型描写一下图片，第二句可以用句子The picture is fairly thought-provoking, which intends to convey to us this message: …点出主题。
第二段第一句揭示图片的象征寓意作为主题句，We can easily recognize the significance of … in terms of …。第二、三句可以从正反两方面论述主题On the one hand, … Take … as an example. … On the other hand … Without …, …(后果) 。
第三段总结段，总说你对图片中提到的人生哲理的观点进行概括。可选择的句型如：Considering all the points discussed above, it is advisable that we highly value …and apply it in our studies and work. …或者：We are, therefore, supposed to take a rational attitude. …
2013 Text1 2006 年的一部电影《穿普拉达的女王》有段情节这样演绎：Meryl Streepb 扮演的Miranda Priestly，斥责她毫无吸引力的助手，因为她反映高端时尚并不能感染她，然后Priestly,说明了助手毛衫的深蓝色是如何从时尚展览中慢慢伸展到百货商店再到平价店中，毫无疑问是这个可怜女孩挑选了这件衣服的地方。 Elizabeth Cline 对“快餐时尚”的这三年时尚业管理严密的理念已经非常过时了，或与 Zara，的控诉书《过度装扮》中所描述的狂热不一致。在过去的十几年里，技术的发展使得像 H&M ，Uniqlo等的一些大众市场商标更快地对趋势做出反应，更精确的抢占市场需求。更快地周转意味着更少的库存浪费，更频繁的发布，更高的利润。这些商标煽动那些关心样式而且，他们不做广告，并每隔几周就全部的消费者把衣服当做只洗一到两次的一次性物品， 更新店面的衣服。Cline 认为，这些品牌以极低的价格提供潮流商品的这种行为是在抢劫时尚圈，动摇了这个产业长久以来惯有的季节性。 H&M这次变革的受害者不仅仅是设计者。对于来说，为其全球
2300 家分店提供一个 5.95 美元的编制迷你裙必须依赖海外的廉价劳动力，大量的耗尽自然资源的订单，大量的有害化学品。 Michael Pollan 的《过度装扮》是时尚界对像The Omnivore 's Dilemma 这样的消费者权 益维护者的畅销书的回答。“大量生产的衣物就像快餐，满足饥饿和需求，还是一次性的，浪费的，”Cline 认为。她还发现，美国人一年大概要买64 件一年-200 亿件衣物-平均每人 不论他们是花费了多少钱，这种不节制导致极大的浪费。 在《过度装扮》的最后部分，Cline 介绍的她理想的典范，一个布鲁克林的女人Sarah Kate Cline年开始自己制作自己所有的衣物，并且毫不逊色。但是像从2008 Beaumont,记录的那Beaumont样，花了十年时间完善她的手艺；这个例子不该被忽略。H&M包括虽然许多快餐式时尚公司已经努力控制对劳动力和环境的消极影响，公司的 绿色循环生产线，Cline 依然相信只有消费者的改变才能对此产生长久的改变。她提出对于多数可持续发展（不论是对于食物和能量）的支持者都同有的理想。浮华在继续着；只有在被逼无奈之下人们在消费时才会考虑到可持续性。 Version 描述，说法，叙述，解释，译文，版本 scold 责骂，斥责
2013考研英语阅读真题：考研英语（二）第1篇 In an essay, entitled “Making It in America,” the author Adam Davidson relates a joke from cotton country about just how much a modern textile mill has been automated: The average mill has only two employees today, “a man and a dog. The man is there to feed the dog, and the dog is there to keep the man away from the machines.” Davidson’s article is one of a number of pieces that have recently appeared making the point that the reason we have such stubbornly high unemployment and declining middle-class incomes today is largely because of the big drop in demand because of the Great Recession, but it is also because of the advances in both globalization and the information technology revolution, which are more rapidly than ever replacing labor with machines or foreign workers. In the past, workers with average skills, doing an average job, could earn an average lifestyle. But, today, average is officially over. Being average just won’t earn you what it used to. It can’t when so many more employers have so much more access to so much more above average cheap foreign labor, cheap robotics, cheap software, cheap automation and cheap genius.
2017年考研英语二真题 Section I Use of English Directions： Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) People have speculated for centuries about a future without work.Today is no different，with academics，writers，and activists once again 1 that technology is replacing human workers. Some imagine that the coming work-free world will be defined by 2 . A few wealthy people will own all the capital，and the masses will struggle in an impoverished wasteland.. A different and not mutually exclusive 3 holds that the future will be a wasteland of a different sort，one 4 by purposelessness：Without jobs to give their lives 5 ，people will simply become lazy and depressed. 6 today’s unemployed don’t seem to be having a great time. One Gallup poll found that 20 percent of Americans who have been unemployed for at least a year report having depression，double the rate for 7 Americans. Also，some research suggests that the 8 for rising rates of mortality，mental-health problems，and addicting9 poorly-educated middle-aged people is shortage of well-paid jobs. Perhaps this is why many 10 the agonizing dullness of a jobless future. But it doesn’t 11 follow from findings like these that a world without work would be filled with unease. Such visions are based on the 12 of being unemployed in a society built on the concept of employment. In the 13 of work，a society designed with other ends in mind could 14 strikingly different circumstances for the future of labor and leisure. Today，the 15 of work may be a bit overblown. “Many jobs are boring，degrading，unhealthy，and a waste of human potential，” says John Danaher，a lecturer at the National University of Ireland in Galway. These days，because leisure time is relatively 16 for most workers，people use their free time to counterbalance the intellectual and emotional 17 of their jobs. “When I come home from a hard day’s w ork，I often feel 18 ，” Danaher says，adding，“In a world in which I don’t have to work，I might feel rather different”—perhaps different enough to throw himself 19 a hobby or a passion project with the intensity usually reserved for 20 matters. 1. [A] boasting [B] denying [C] warning [D] ensuring 2. [A] inequality [B] instability [C] unreliability [D] uncertainty 3. [A] policy [B]guideline [C] resolution [D] prediction 4. [A] characterized [B]divided [C] balanced [D]measured 5. [A] wisdom [B] meaning [C] glory [D] freedom 6. [A] Instead [B] Indeed [C] Thus [D] Nevertheless 7. [A] rich [B] urban [C]working [D] educated 8. [A] explanation [B] requirement [C] compensation [D] substitute 9. [A] under [B] beyond [C] alongside [D] among 10. [A] leave behind [B] make up [C] worry about [D] set aside 11. [A] statistically [B] occasionally [C] necessarily [D] economically 12. [A] chances [B] downsides [C] benefits [D] principles 13. [A] absence [B] height [C] face [D] course
2013年考研英语一真题原文及答案完整版 Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) People are, on the whole, poor at considering background information when making individual decisions. At first glance this might seem like a strength that __1_ the ability to make judgments which are unbiased by _2_ factors. But Dr Simonsohn speculated that an inability to consider the big _3_ was leading decision-makers to be biased by the daily samples of information they were working with. _4_, he theorised that a judge _5_ of appearing too soft _6_crime might be more likely to send someone to prison __7_he had already sentenced five or six other defendants only to forced community service on that day. To __8__this idea, they turned their attention to the university-admissions process. In theory, the ____9___ of an applicant should not depend on the few others___10____ randomly for interview during the same day, but Dr Simonsohn suspected the truth was____11____. He studied the results of 9,323 MBA interviews _12_ by 31 admissions officers. The interviewers had _13_ applicants on a scale of one to five. This scale _14_ numerous factors into consideration. T he scores were _15_ used in conjunction with an applicant’s score on the GMAT, a standardised exam which is _16_out of 800 points, to make a decision on whether to accept him or her.
XX年考研英语(一)大纲原文 英语(一)考试是为高等学校和科研院所招收硕士研究生而设置的具有选拔性质的全国统一入学考试科目，其目的是科学、公平、有效地测试考生对英语语言的运用能力，评价的标准是高等学校非英语专业本科毕业生所能达到的及格或及格以上水平，以保证被录取者具有一定的英语水平，并有利于各高等学校和科研院所在专业上择优选拔。 考试形式为笔试。考试时间为180分钟。满分为100分。 试卷包括试题册和答题卡。答题卡分为答题卡1和答题卡2。考生应将1~45题的答案按要求填涂在答题卡1上，将46~52题的答案写在答题卡2上。 试题分三部分，共52题，包括英语知识运用、阅读理解和写作。 该部分不仅考查考生对不同语境中规范的语言要素(包括词汇、表达方式和结构)的掌握程度，而且还考查考生对语段特征(如连贯性和一致性等)的辨识能力等。共20小题，每小题0.5分，共10分。 在一篇240~280词的文章中留出20个空白，要求考生从每题给出的4个选项中选出最佳答案，使补全后的文章意思通顺、前后连贯、结构完整。考生在答题卡1上作答。 该部分由A、B、C三节组成，考查考生理解书面英语的能力。共30小题，每小题2分，共60分。 A节(20小题)：主要考查考生理解主旨要义、具体信息、概念性含义，进行有关的判断、推理和引申，根据上下文推测生词的词义
等能力。要求考生根据所提供的4篇(总长度约为1 600词)文章的内容，从每题所给出的4个选项中选出最佳答案。考生在答题卡1上作答。 B节(5小题)：主要考查考生对诸如连贯性、一致性等语段特征以及文章结构的理解。本部分有3种备选题型。每次考试从这3种备选题型中选择一种进行考查。考生在答题卡1上作答。 1)本部分的内容是一篇总长度为500~600词的文章，其中有5段空白，文章后有6~7段文字。要求考生根据文章内容从这6~7段文字中选择能分别放进文章中5个空白处的5段。 2)在一篇长度约500~600词的文章中，各段落的原有顺序已被打乱。要求考生根据文章的内容和结构将所列段落(7~8个)重新排序，其中有2~3个段落在文章中的位置已经给出。 3)在一篇长度约500词的文章前或后有6~7段文字或6~7个概括句或小标题。这些文字或标题分别是对文章中某一部分的概括、阐述或举例。要求考生根据文章内容，从这6~7个选项中选出最恰当的5段文字或5个标题填入文章的空白处。 该部分由A、B两节组成，主要考查考生的书面表达能力。共30分。 考生根据所给情景写出约100词(标点符号不计算在内)的应用性短文，包括私人和公务信函、 __、报告等。 考生在答题卡2上作答。共10分。
2013年10月真题解析 2013年10月高等教育自学考试 全国统一命题考试 英语（二）试卷真题解析 （课程代码00015） 本试卷分为选择题和非选择题两部分，满分100分，考试时间150分钟。 第一部分为选择题。考生必须在“答题卡”上按要求填涂作答。 第二部分为非选择题。 第一部分选择题 一、阅读判断（第1—10题，共10分） 短文后列出10个句子，根据短文内容判断每个句子。A是正确，B是错误，C是文中未提及。 Farms Appear in Cities When you h ear the word “farm”, you may imagine the countryside with cows and crops. But scientists say the farms of the future could be built in tall buildings in some large cities. It may be difficult to believe, but in fact, the technology for growing crops in doors already exists. Farming in the city is already happening. Some vegetables are already grown in greenhouses. Even the scientists at the South Pole research station can enjoy fresh vegetables they grow in their own greenhouse. Experts say indoor farming solves many problems. First, traditional farming takes up a lot of land. Growing crops in tall buildings — called vertical farming（垂直农业）— can solve the problem. Also, fruits and vegetables grown indoors would not face serious threats from insects and weather. Though vertical farms don’t exist yet, experts have created a plan for recycling in such farms. The water from indoor fish ponds would be used to water crops. Gases from crop waste would be used to heat the building. Waste from chicken or pigs would be reused as a source of energy. But experts believe vertical farming is not going to be easy. They say it can be difficult to control climate conditions indoors. Besides, Plants differ in their weather and lighting needs. For example, some plants like warm, sunny weather, but other plants prefer cooler temperatures. That’s not to say these difficulties won’t be overcome —but it will take time. Most experts suggest it may take about 5 to 15 years before the first vertical farms could be created. 【参考译文】 农场出现在城市里（城中农场） 当听到“农场”一词，你可能联想到乡下的母牛和庄稼等等。但科学家说，未来的农场可能会建在一些大城市的高楼里。 此事可能难以置信，可是事实上，在室内种庄稼已经存在了。城市里的农场已经出现，某些蔬菜已经在温室里生长。甚至在南极科考站，科学家们能享用他们在温室里自己栽种的新鲜蔬菜。 据专家们说室内农场可以解决许多问题。首先，传统农场占据大片土地。在高楼里种庄稼（称之为垂直农业）可以解决此问题。再者说，水果和蔬菜室内种植不会受到害虫和气候的威胁。 尽管垂直农场尚未成为现实，但是专家们已经在一些农场创建了再循环计划：把室内养鱼池的水用于浇灌农作物，把来自于农作物的废气用于建筑物的供热，来自于鸡和猪的粪便重新利用作为能源。 但是专家认为垂直农业并不是一件容易的事。他们说，控制室内气候环境是困难的。除此之外，植物对气候和光照需求有差异。例如，一些植物喜好温暖、阳光普照的气候，但另一些植物更喜欢较凉爽的温度。 并不是说这些困难不能克服——但是这将需要花时间。大多数专家指出，建立起第一个垂直农场可能需要五年到十五年的时间。 word “farm” may m ake you think of the countryside. Given [答疑编号0101]
2014年英语二真题解析 Section I Use of English 1．【答案】B concluded 【解析】题干中，一系列的研究已经_____，事实上，正常体重的人的患病风险要高于超重的人。根据句义，后面的部分实际上是研究的结论，因此concluded符合题意，其他选项denied(否认)与意义相反，doubled(翻倍)与题意较远，ensured(确保)不符合题意，因为研究不能确保后面的事实，只能得出后面的事实作为结论。所以正确答案为B。 2．【答案】A protective 【解析】题干中，对于某些健康情况，超重事实上是有_____。根据前文研究的结论，超重能减少罹患疾病的风险，说明超重具有一定的保护作用。dangerous和文章意思相反，sufficient表示充足，troublesome表示有麻烦，不符合题意，所以正确答案为A。 3．【答案】C likewise 【解析】第三句话中，较重的女人患缺钙的比例低于较瘦的女人。_____，在老年人中，一定程度上超重……。需要填入的是和前半句表示顺接的词语。A选项instead表示逆接的句意关系，B选项however也表示逆接，D 选项therefore表示因此，只有C选项likewise意为同样地;也，而且。因此正确答案为C。
4．【答案】A indicator 【解析】本句话中，_____，一定程度上超重，经常是健康的_____。A选项，表示指示器，指标。B选项objective表示客观;C选项origin表示来源，D选项example表示例子。根据前面的文章内容，已经明确指出超重代表了健康，因此超重是健康的指标。因此正确答案为A。 5．【答案】D concern 【解析】本句话的句意是，需要更加_____是，很难对肥胖加以定义。A．impact(印象);B、relevance(相关性);C．assistance(辅 助);D．concern(关注)。前文已经说到肥胖事实上有利健康，但是又面临一个问题，到底如何去定义肥胖，因此需要更加关注的是对肥的定义，其他选项均不符合题意，所以正确答案为D。 6．【答案】A in terms of 【解析】题干中,肥胖经常______体质指数，或称为BMI来定义。A．in terms of ，根据……，就……而言。B．In case of 表示在某种情况下， C．in favor of 表示赞成，以……来取代，D．in respect of，关于……。因此正确答案为A。在研究和临床测试中经常使用BMI作为衡量受试者健康的重要指标，希望考生能够记住这一背景知识，方便日后做题。 7．【答案】C equals
2013年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语一真题及答案Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) People are, on the whole, poor at considering background information when making individual decisions. At first glance this might seem like a strength that 1 the ability to make judgments which are unbiased by 2 factors. But Dr. Uri Simonsohn speculated that an inability to consider the big 3 was leading decision-makers to be biased by the daily samles of information they were working with. 4 , he theorised that a judge 5 of apperaring too soft 6 crime might be more likely to send someone to prison 7 he had already sentenced five or six other defendants only to forced community service on that day。 To 8 this idea, he turned to the university-admissions process. In theory, the 9 of an applicant should not depend on the few others 10 randomly for interview during the same day, but Dr. Simonsoho suspected the truth was 11 。 He studied the results of 9,323 MBA interviews 12 by 31 admissions officers. The interviewers had 13 applicants on a scale of one to five. This scale 14 numerous factors into consideration. The scores were 15 used in conjunction with an applicant’s score on the Granduate Managent Adimssion Test, or GMAT, a standardized exam which is 16 out of 800 points, to make a decision on whether to accept him or her。 Dr. Simonsoho found if the score of the previous candidate in a daily series of interviewees was 0.75 points or more higher than that of the one 17 that, then the score for the next applicant would 18 by an average of 0.075 points. This might sound small, but to 19 the effects of such a decrease a candidate could need 30 more GMAT points than would otherwise have been 20 。 1. [A] grants [B]submits [C]transmits [D]delivers 2. [A] minor [B]objective [C]crucial [D] external 3. [A] issue [B]vision [C]picture [D]external 4. [A] For example [B] On average [C]In principle [D]Above all 5. [A] fond [B] fearful [C]capable [D] thoughtless 6. [A] in [B] on [C] to [D] for 7. [A] if [B] until [C] though [D] unless 8. [A] promote [B] emphasize [C] share [D]success
2013年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）试题 Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word（s）for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.（10 points） Given the advantages of electronic money, you might think that we would move quickly to the cashless society in which all payments are made electronically.1, a true cashless society is probably not around the corner. Indeed, predictions of such a society have been2for two decades but have not yet come to fruition. For example, Business Week predicted in 1975 that electronic only to 4itself several means of payment “would s oon revolutionize the very3of money itself,” years later. Why has the movement to a cashless society been so5in coming? Although e money might be more convenient and may be more efficient than a payments system based on paper, several factors work6the disappearance of the paper system. First, it is very7to set up the computer, card reader, and telecommunications networks necessary to make electronic money the8form of payment. Second, paper checks have the advantage that they9receipts, something that many consumers are unwilling to10. Third, the use of paper checks it takes several days11a check is cashed and funds gives consumers several days of “float”— are12from the issuer s account, which means that the writer of the check can earn interest on the funds in the meantime.13electronic payments are immediate, they eliminate the float for the consumer. Fourth, electronic means of payment may14security and privacy concerns. We often hear media reports that an unauthorized hacker has been able to access a computer database and to alter information15there. The fact that this is not an16occurrence means that dishonest persons might be able to access bank accounts in electronic payments systems and17from someone else s accounts. The18of this type of fraud is no easy task, and a new field of computer science is developing to19security issues. A further concern is that the use of electronic means of payment leaves an electronic20that contains a large amount of personal data on buying habits. There are worries that government, employers, and marketers might be able to access these data, thereby violating our privacy. 1. ［A］However
00015英语二试题及答案 发布日期：2016-01-04 10:09 来源：未知阅读：6927 【字体：大中小】 本套单元测试共10 题，共100 分。答题得分：100 分 【题型：单选】【分数：10分】 [1]I should like to rent a house,modern,comfortable and ___ in a qiuet environment. 得 分： 10分 答：D A before all B first of all C after all D above all 【题型：单选】【分数：10分】 [2]His few personal belongings make it possible for him to move from place to place __ _. 得 分： 10分 答：C A in ease B at ease C with ease D with easiness 【题型：单选】【分数：10分】 [3]Could you lend me some money? I'm very ______of cash at the moment.得 分： 10分 答：B A need B short C scarce D empty 【题型：单选】【分数：10分】 [4]It ______ exactly thirty years since I graduated from college. 得 分： 10分 答：B A was B has been C will be D had been
【题型：单选】【分数：10分】 [5]He was completely ______ by her tale of hardship. 得 10分 分： 答：B A taken away B taken in C taking away D taken up 【题型：单选】【分数：10分】 [6]The team doctor insisted that the route _____ because of the possible danger. 得 10分 分： 答：C A could be changed B would be changed C be changed D might be changed 【题型：单选】【分数：10分】 [7]Problems can _____ when people have no knowledge of the law. 得 10分 分： 答：C A rise B jump C arise D lift 【题型：单选】【分数：10分】 [8]The _____ lady is believed to be the thief wanted by the police. 得 10分 分： 答：A A beautifully dressed B dressed beautifully C beautiful dressing D beautiful dress 【题型：单选】【分数：10分】 [9]The manager did not offer him the job because of his untidy _____.
2013年考研英语一真题完整版 Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) People are, on the whole, poor at considering background information when making individual decisions. At first glance this might seem like a strength that __1__ the ability to make judgments which are unbiased by __2___ factors. But Dr. Uri Simonsohn speculated that an inability to consider the big __3___ was leading decision-makers to be biased by the daily samles of information they were working with. __4___ , he theorised that a judge __5___ of apperaring too soft __6__ crime might be more likely to send someone to prison __7___ he had already sentenced five or six other defendants only to forced community service on that day. To __8__ this idea, he turned to the university-admissions process. In theory, the __9___ of an applicant should not depend on the few others __10___ randomly for interview during the same day, but Dr. Simonsoho suspected the truth was __11___ . He studied the results of 9,323 MBA interviews __12___by 31 admissions officers. The interviewers had__13___applicants on a scale of one to five. This scale __14___ numerous factors into consideration. The scores were __15___ used in conjunction with an applicant’s score on the Granduate Managent Adimssion Test, or GMAT, a standardized exam which is__16___ out of 800 points, to make a decision on whether to accept him or her. Dr. Simonsoho found if the score of the previous candidate in a daily series of interviewees was 0.75 points or more higher than that of the one __17___that, then the score for the next applicant would __18___by an average of 0.075 points. This might sound small, but to __19___ the effects of such a decrease a candidate could need 30 more GMAT points than would otherwise have been __20___. 1. [A] grants [B]submits [C]transmits [D]delivers 2. [A] minor [B]objective [C]crucial [D] external 3. [A] issue [B]vision [C]picture [D]external