定语从句的用法
一、定语从句的概念
在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词,定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。(尤其是限制性定语从句)
（定语在汉语中常用……的表示。它主要由形容词担任，此外，名词，代词，数词，分词，副词，不定式以及介词短语也可以来担任，也可以有一个句子来担任。单词做定语是通常放在它所修饰的词之前，作前置定语。短语和从句做定语是则放在所修饰的词之后，做后置定语。）
二、定语从句的关系词
引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词,常见的关系代词包括that, which, who(宾格whom,所有格whose)等,关系副词包括where, when, why等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用,同时又作定语从句的重要成分。
三、定语从句的分类
根据定语从句与先行词的关系,定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。
1. 限制性定语从句紧跟先行词,主句与从句不用逗号分开,从句不可省去
2.非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开,起补充说明作用,如省去,意思仍完整。
四、关系代词的用法
1. that 既可以用于指人,也可以用于指物。
Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。(that作主语)
The coat (that) I put on the desk is blue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。(that作宾语)
2.which用于指物
The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket.位于火车站附近的那座大楼是一家超市。(作主语)
The film (which) we saw last night was wonderful. 我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看。(作宾语)
3.who, whom用于指人
The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.经常在英语方面帮助我的那个女孩是英国人。(作主语)
Who is the teacher (whom) Li Ming is talking to? 正在与李明谈话的老师是谁?(作宾语)
注意：whom 在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略。
4 whose用于指人，也可以用于指物（相当于of which 注明:whose=the+物/人+of which/whom ）
Do you like the book whose color is yellow?
Do you like the book the color of which is yellow?
I once lived in the house whose roof has fallen in .
I once lived in the house ,the roof of which has fallen in .
5.关系词的区别
（1）关系词只能用that的情况:
a. 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰,或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时
He was the first person that passed the exam. 他是第一个通过考试的人。
b.当先行词是anything, everything, nothing (something 除外), few, all, none, little, some，the one 等不定代词时，
Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop? 你在商店里有什么东西要买吗?
c.先行词被由the only ,the very, the same, the last ,every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much，each 等修饰时.
This is the same bike that I lost.这就是我丢的那辆自行车。
d. 先行词里同时含有人或物时
I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。
e.以who或which引导的特殊疑问句,为避免重复
Who is the girl that is crying? 正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁?
f.主句是there be 结构
There is an old man who wants to see you .
There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom. 桌子上那本书是汤姆的。
（2）关系词不用that 的情况:
a.先行词为that, those时
What’s that which is under the desk? 在桌子底下的那些东西是什么?
b.关系代词前有介词时
This is the room in which he lives. 这是他居住的房间。
c.引导非限制性定语从句
Tom came back, which made us happy. 汤姆回来了,这使我们很高兴。
五、关系副词的用法
(1)when指时间,其先行词表示时间,在句中作时间状语。（in/on/at/during +which）
This was the time when he arrived.这是他到达的时间。
(2)where指地点,其先行词表示地点,在句中作地点状语。(in/at+which)
This is place where he works.这是他工作的地点。
(3)why 指原因,其先行词是原因,起原因状语作用。（for/which）
Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school. 没人知道他为什么上学总迟到。
六、图形总结如下
从句缺主语who,that
先行词是人从句缺宾语whom,which,that,省略关系代词
从句缺定语whose
从句缺主语which，that
先行词是物从句缺宾语which,that,省略关系代词
从句缺定语whose
指时间when
指地点where 关系副词
指原因why
练习一
I.单项选择。
1. -Do you know the man ______is talking with your father?
-Yes, he’s our headmaster.
A. he
B. who
C. which
D. whom
2. Is this the river _____I can swim?
A. which
B. in which
C. that
D. the one
3. This is the best hotel in the city _____I know.
A. where
B. which
C. that
D. it
4. Can you lend me the dictionary ______the other day?
A. that you bought
B. you bought it
C. that you bought it
D. which you bought it
5. Anyone ______with what I said may put up you hands.
A. which agrees
B. who agree
C. who agrees
D. which agree
6. My watch is not the only thing ______ is missing.
A. that
B. it
C. which D who
7. The man ______coat is black is waiting at the gate
A. who’s
B. whose
C. that D of which.
8. The girl ______ is reading under the tree _____my sister.
A. which; is
B. whom; was
C. who; is
D. who; was
9. I love places ______the people are really friendly.
A. that
B. which
C. where
D. who
10. The house , _____ was destoryed in the terrible fire,has heen repaired.
A the roof of which
B which roof
C its roof
D the roof.
Ⅱ. 用适当的关系词填空。
1. The first thing ______you must do is to have a meal.
2. April 1st is the day _____is calle d April Fool’s Day in the west.
3. The family _____had lost everything in a big fire got much help from their friends.
4. The house _____we live in is very old.
5. Didn’t you see the man ______I talked with just now?
6.He lives in the room ___ window faces to the south.
7.He talked a lot about things and persons __________ they remembered in the school.
8. I’m interested in all ______ you have said
9. I can never forget the day __________we worked together and the day __________we spent together.
10. This is the reason__________he didn’t come to the meeting.
11.The boy _________was here a minute ago is my friend.
12.Dictionary is a book _________gives the meanings of words.
13.This letter is from the young man _________we met last month.
14.The film_________ we saw last night was wonderful.
15.There is only one thing _________I can do.
16.This is the boy _________ text book was lost.
17.Carl still remembered the afternoon _________ he got to the lab.
18.This is the room _________ we lived last year.
19.That’s the very reason _________ I want to study English.
20.The reason _______you can’t study English well is your laziness.
练习二
（一）用关系代词或关系副词将下列每对句子连成一个复合句。
1. The boy is my younger brother. He was here a minute ago.
2. The old man is a professor. He teaches chemistry in a college.
3. Beijing Hotel is near Tian An Men Square. The foreign visitors live there.
4. The woman is here now. You were talking about her.
5. This is the hall. We listened to the report in it the other day.
6. The car was going 90 miles an hour. The car just passed us.
7. The man was my uncle. The man waved to us.
8. I enjoyed reading the book. You gave me a book last week.
9. I prefer the subject. The subject is science.
10. I spoke to the man. The man is a professor.
（二）用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空
1. The house _______ we live in is very big.
2. The boy ______ is wearing the black jacket is very clever.
3. This is the present _____ he gave me for my birthday.
4. The man _______ talked to you just now is an engineer.
5. He talked about the teachers and schools _______ he had visited.
6. There is nothing in the world _______ can frighten him.
7. She wears a gold ring, _______ is very uncommon in our class.
8. We visited a factory _______ makes toys for children.
9. Is this the place _______ your father once lived?
10. I’ll never forget the days _______ I joined the League.
练习三
一、单项填空
1. ---Who is the man _______ was talking to our English teacher?
---Oh! It’s Mr Baker, our maths teacher.
A. he
B. that
C. whom
D. which
2. I hate the people ________ don’t help others when they are in trouble.
A. who
B. which
C. they
D. where
3. The foreigner _________ visited our school is from Canada.
A. which
B. when
C. who
D. whom
4. George Mallory was an English school teacher _______ loved climbing.
A. who
B. whom
C. he
D. which
5. This is the place _____I have ever visited.
A. there
B. when
C. where
D. which
6. Nobody knows the reason ______ she didn’t come to the meeting.
A. that
B. which
C. why
D. when
7. The moon is a world ______ there is no life.
A. that
B. which
C. where
D. why
8. He has forgotten the day _______ he arrived.
A. when
B. where
C. that
D. which
9. He still remembers the days ______ he spent with your family.
A. when
B. where
C. that
D. on which
10. Mr. White, ______ car had been stolen, came to the policeman.
A. who
B. that
C. whose
D. which
11. He got to the village _______ his family once lived before liberation.
A. that
B. which
C. when
D. where
12. This is the house _______ I want to buy.
A. in which
B. that
C. whose
D. where
13. This is the house _______ our beloved Premier Zhou once lived and worked.
A. which
B. that
C. when
D. where
14. He didn’t tell me the place _______ he was born.
A. that
B. which
C. when
D. where
15. He lived in a small village, ______ was a long way from the railway station.
A. that
B. which
C. where
D. when
16. I work in a business ________ almost everyone is waiting for a great chance.
A. how
B. which
C. where
D. that
17. Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others, _______, of course, made the others envy him.
A. who
B. that
C. what
D. which
18. American women usually identify their best friend as someone ________ they can talk frequently.
A. who
B. as
C. about which
D. with whom
19. The film brought the hours back to me ________ I was taken good care of in that far-away village.
A. until
B. that
C. when
D. where
20. The famous scientist grew up________ he was born and in 1930 he came to Shanghai.
A. when
B. whenever
C. where
D. wherever
21. A story goes ________ Elizabeth I of England liked nothing more than being surrounded by clever and qualified noblemen at court.
A. when
B. where
C. what
D. that
22. The Parkers bought a new house but ________ will need a lot of work before they can move in.
A. they
B. it
C. one
D. which
23. Is this factory ______ you worked at?
A. the one
B. which
C. that
D. where
24. Is this the factory _______ you worked?
A. where
B. which
C. that
D. the one
25. ---Does the teacher know everybody _______ planted the trees?
---Yes, he does.
A. which
B. whose
C. where
D. who
26. The letter _______ I received from him yesterday is very important.
A. who
B. where
C. what
D. that
27. ---Where is the scientist ________ gave us the talk yesterday?
---He has gone back to Qinghua University.
A. whom
B. who
C. whose
D. which
28. I hate people _______ talk much but do little.
A. whose
B. whom
C. which
D. who
29. Do you know a boy ______ sister is a nurse in a hospital?
A. who
B. that
C. whom
D. whose
30. Is there a shop near here______ we can buy vegetables and fruits?
A. which
B. when
C. who
D. where
二、填入适当的关系代词或关系副词完成下列句子
1. The boys________ are playing football are from Class One.
2. Those ______ want to go to the museum must be at the school gate at 7 tomorrow.
3. Mr Liu is the person ________ you talked about on the bus.
4. The professor ________ you are waiting for has come.
5. Football is a game _______is liked by most boys.
6. He likes to read books ________ are written by foreign writers.
7. This is the pen _______ he bought yesterday.
8. We’ll go to hear the famous singer _______ we have often talked.
9. Where is the man _________ I saw this morning?
10. The season_________ comes after spring is summer.
11. I visited a scientist ________ name is known all over the country.
12. He has a friend ______ father is a doctor.
13. I once lived in the house _____ roof has fallen in.
14. I still remember the day _____ I first came to this school.
15. The time _______ we got together finally arrived.
16. Shanghai is the city ______ I was born.
17. The house ______ I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.
18. Please tell me the reason ______ you missed the plane.
19. The reason ____ he was punished is unknown to us.
20. All the people ______are present burst into tears.
21. There are about seven million people taking part in the election, most of _______ are well educated.
22. He succeeded in the competition, _____ made his parents very happy.
23. The school ______ he once studied is very famous.
24. Tomorrow I’ll bring here the magazine _______ you asked.
25. This is the boy ________I played tennis with yesterday.
练习四
1. The house ____ we live is not big.
A. in that
B. which
C. in which
D. that
2. He talked about the lectures and schools ____ he had visited.
A. that
B. which
C. who
D. whom
3. The scientist the teacher is talking ____ is leaving for Beijing.
A. to him
B. whom
C. to
D. to that
4. I who ____ your teacher, will teach Marxism as a truth to you.
A. is
B. are
C. were
D. am
5. ____ they could do was to work hard.
A. All
B. All what
C. All which
D. That
6. Do you know the reason ____ he didn’t come?
A. that
B. which
C. for
D. why
7. The room ____ windows face south is his.
A. that
B. which
C. whose
D. who’s
8. The park, ____ we visited yesterday, is very nice.
A. where
B. which
C. that
D. when
9. The park, ____ we met with him, is very nice.
A. where
B. which
C. that
D. when
10. The first time ____ I saw her was in 1989.
A. when
B. which
C. that
D. as
11. Pay attention to all ____ I do.
A. which
B. in which
C. what
D. that
12. I’ve read all the books ____ you gave me.
A. which
B. them
C. what
D. that
13. Is there anything ____ I can do for you?
A. what
B. which
C. that
D. it
14.The woman ____ child had fallen ill was a doctor.
A. who
B. her
C. whose
D. /
15. The pen ____ I’m using ____ is hers.
A. which; it
B. that; it
C. it; /
D. /
16. I have the same trouble ____ you have.
A. that
B. which
C. as
D. what
17 It’s the very book ____ I want to find.
A. which
B. that
C. it
D. so
18. He is the only one of the boys who ____ English for four years.
A. has learnt
B. have learnt
C. learn
D. learning
19. This is one of the books ____ worth reading.
A. that is
B. which are
C. it was
D. they are been
20. This is the best film ____ been shown this year.
A. which has
B. which have
C. that has
D. that have
21. This is the largest clock in the world, the minute have ____ is six minutes long.
A. where
B. of which
C. that
D. of that
22. Can you tell me the reason ____ you didn’t come for yesterday?
A. why
B. how
C. which
D. what
23. Do you still remember the day ____ we spent together last month?
A. that
B. in which
C. when
D. where
24. Oct. 1, 1949 was the day ____ the New China was founded.
A. that
B. in which
C. when
D. where
25. Which/Who of them ____ knows something about English doesn’t know this word?
A. which
B. who
C. that
D. as
26. ____ we all know, he is a good man.
A. Which
B. Who
C. That
D. As
27. I’ve never seen such a lazy boy ____ you are.
A. which
B. who
C. that
D. as
28. There were many great leaders in the history ____ Abraham Lincoln was the greatest one.
A. in which
B. in whom
C. of which
D. of whom
29. I bought a new dictionary, ____ is very beautiful.
A. whose the cover
B. of which cover
C. the cover of which
D. which cover
30. They have planted many trees, one third of ____ are pine trees.
A. them
B. whose
C. which
D. that
31. That is my office, ____ face the south.
A. it’s windows
B. the windows
C. the windows of it
D. the windows of which
32. He’s given us a lot of information, ____ is valuable.
A. little of it
B. Little of which
C. a little
D. much of them
33. He has two sons, ____ is a collage student.
A. who
B. both of whom
C. neither of whom
D. neither
34. There are forty-five students in our class, ____ is only fifteen.
A. the youngest of whom
B. the oldest of them
C. one of them
D. the tallest
35. He has published two books, ____ I’ve completely forgotten.
A. their names
B. the names of which
C. the names of them
D. what names of which
36. He has several friends, the most devoted ____ is Henry.
A. friend
B. one of them
C. of them
D. of whom
37. Five men stole into the gate, ____ was lame in the right leg.
A. the second
B. the third of whom
C. one of them
D. among them
38.This is the very school ____ I wanted to visit.
A. where
B. that
C. which
D. in which
39. Is the school ____ you are going to work?
A. where
B. that
C. which
D. there
40.Is this ____ you want?
A. which
B. the one
C. that
D. the one what]
41.Shanghai, ____ I have visited twice, has a large population.
A. where
B. which
C. what
D. that
42. My youngest sister, ____ is forty years old, has got a life professorship in a university.
A. which
B. whom
C. who
D. that
43. The students didn’t like the way ____ she was dressed.
A./
B. which
C. what
D. how
44.There’s no way ____ you could stop others talking about you unless you don’t spare yourself (严格要求自己).
A. for
B. that
C. where
D. of which
45.I am determined to learn my subjects in the way ____ you have done.
A. in which
B. by what
C. what
D. where
46. He used to do things in a way ____ did no harm to anybody.
A. /
B. what
C. in which
D. that
47. I’ll do ____ to he lp you.
A. all I can
B. all what I can
C. all those I manage
D. all which I can
48. All ____ want to buy the book, put down your names here.
A. who
B. these that
C. those who
D. ones
49.This is the third time ____ you’re late for school.
A. in which
B. that
C. which
D. on which
50. He arrived yesterday, ____ was just what we expected.
A. what
B. who
C. that
D. which
51. Einstein taught at Princeton, ____ there was a famous research institute.
A. that
B. where
C. which
D. because of
52. That is the reason ____ he came to see you.
A. when
B. that
C. which
D. for which
53.She is one of the few persons ____ Spanish in our school.
A. who knows
B. who know
C. which speak
D. that speaks
54.He is the only one of the teachers ____ Spanish in our school.
A. who teaches
B. who teach
C. which teaches
D. that teach
55.You are the only one ____ advice he might listen to.
A. who
B. that
C. whose
D. whatever
56.Here is so big a stone ____ no man can lift.
A. as
B. which
C. who
D. that
57. He seems a foreigner, ____ in fact it is.
A. which
B. as
C. that
D. and
58. Who ____ has common sense will do such a thing?
A. which
B. who
C. whom
D. that
59. Is this the museum ____ some German friends visited last Wednesday?
A. that
B. where
C. in which
D. the one
60.Is this museum ____ you visited the other day?
A. that
B. where
C. in which
D. the one
61.How do you like the book? It’s quite different from_____ I read last month.
A. that
B. which
C. the one
D. the one what
63. Antarctic ____ we know very little is covered with thick ice all the year round.
A. which
B. where
C. that
D. about which
64. Each time ____ they met, they would talk long hours together.
A. which
B. during
C. when
D. /
65.May the fourth is the day ____ we Chinese people will never forget.
A. which
B. when
C. on which
D. about which
66. Is it in that factory ____ “Red Flag” cars are produced?
A. in which
B. where
C. which
D. that
67.He is not ____ a fool ____.
A. such; as he is looked
B. such; as he looks.
C. as; as he is looked
D. so; as he looks
68. Some of the roads were flooded, ____ made our journey more difficult.
A. which
B. it
C. what
D. that
69. The buses, ____ were already full, were surrounded by on angry crowd.
A. most of that
B. which most
C. most of which
D. that most
70. He is a man of great experience, ____ much can be learned.
A. who
B. that
C. from which
D. from whom
练习一答案
(一) 1. The boy who was here a minute ago is my younger brother.
2. The old man who teaches chemistry in a college is a professor.
3. Beijing Hotel where the foreign visitors live is near Tian An Men Square.
4. The woman whom you were talking bout is here now.
5. This is the hall where we listened to the report the other day.
6. The car just passed us was going 90 miles.
7. The man who waved to us was my uncle.
8. I enjoyed reading the book that you gave me last week.
9. The subject that I prefer is science.
10. I spoke to the man who is a professor.
（二） 1. which/ that 2. who/ that 3. that/ which 4. who/ that 5. that
6. that
7. which
8. that/ which
9. where 10. when
练习二答案
一、单项填空
1-5 BACAD 6-10 CCACC 11-15 DBDDB 16-20 CDDCC21-25 DBAAD 26-30 DBDDD
二、填入适当的关系代词或关系副词完成下列句子
1. who
2. who
3. whom
4. whom
5. which
6. which
7. which
8. about whom
9. whom10. which
11. whose12. whose13. whose14. when15. when
16. where17. where18. why19. why20. that
21. whom22. which23. where24. that25. whom
练习三答案
1-5 CACDA 6-10 DCBAC 11-15 DDDCD 16-20 CBABC 21-25 BCACC 26-30 CDDCC 31-35 DBCAB 36-40 DBBAB 41-45 BCABA 46-50 DACBD 51-55 BDBAC 56-60 ABDAD 61-65 CADDA 66-70 DBACD
初中英语定语从句的用法解析 【摘要】定语从句是一种形容词的关系从句。它由关系代词或关系副词引导（1）。初中英语中的定语从句仅限于限制性定于从句，但对初中生来说，定语从句既是一个重点，也是一个难点。 【关键词】定语从句先行词关系代词关系副词 一、英语中的定语从句与汉语中的定语位置不同。 在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。英语中的定语从句始终要放在被修饰的词之后，而汉语中的定语则放在被修饰词之前。如： The man who / that I saw at the school gate yesterday is my English teacher. 先行词定语从句 昨天我在校门口看见的那个人是我的英语老师。 二、英语从句中的句型结构比较复杂，有先行词、关系代词或关系副词。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词，引导定语从句的关联词有关系代词或关系副词。限制性关系分句和它的先行项的所指意义有着不可分割的联系（2）。关系代词或关系副词放在先行词和定语从句之间起纽带作用，关系代词或关系副词在定语从句中要充当一个成分。关系代词在句中可作主语、宾语或定语，关系副词在句中作状语。如： I am waiting for the boy who /that is wearing a red coat. （主语） 先行词关系代词 我正在等穿着红色外套的那个男孩。 The dictionary that / which my sister gave me last Sunday is very expensive.(宾语) 先行词关系代词 我姐姐上周星期天给我的那本字典很贵。 The woman is his mother whose name is Linda Brown. (定语) 先行词关系代词 那个是他的母亲，名叫琳达·布朗。 That is the house where my father used to live.(状语) 先行词关系副词 那是我父亲曾经居住过的房子。 三、初中英语中的定语从句关系代词或关系副词的具体用法。 1. who指人（也可用that），在定语从句中作主语，也可作宾语。如： Yesterday I helped an old man who / that lost his way. （主语） 昨天我帮助了一位迷路的老人。 Mr Wang is the man (who / that / whom )you met in the zoo this morning.(宾语) 王先生就是今天早上你在动物里遇到的那个人。 注意：关系代词who指人,作宾语时，可用whom代替；作宾语时，关系代词可省略。作其它成分，关系代词则不能省略。 2. whose指人，也可指物。在定语从句中作定语。 The boy whose mother is ill is staying at home to look after her today. 其母亲生病的那个男孩今天呆在家里照顾她。 I have a story book whose cover is red. 我有一本封面是红色的故事书。 3. which指物（也可用that），在定语从句中作主语，也可作宾语。如： Football is a game which / that is liked by most boys. （主语） 足球是被大多数男孩喜欢的运动。 I don’t believe the news which / that Tom won the game. (宾语)
英语定语从句用法详解 在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句，被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，引导定语从句的有关系代词who, whom, whose, which, that等和关系副词where, when, why等，关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中担任句子成份。 1.由who引导的定语从句中，who用作主语，如：This is the boy who often helps me. 2.由whom引导的定语从句中，whom用作宾语，如：The man whom you are waiting for has gone home. 3.由whose引导的定语从句中，whose用作定语，如：Do you know the girl whose skirt is white? 4.由which引导的定语从句中，which用作主语或谓语动词的宾语或介词的宾语，如： The room in which there is a machine is a work shop. The river which is in front of my house is very clean. This is the pen which you want. 注意： (1)whom, which用作介词宾语时，介词可放在whom、which之前，也可放在从句原来的位置上；但在含有介词的动词固定词组中，介词只能放在原来的位置上。如：He is the very person whom we must take good care of. (2)引导非限制性定语从句时，必须用关系代词which，不用that,如：I have lost my bag, which I like very much. (3)关系代词在句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词的人称和数必须和先行词保持一致。 5.由that引导的定语从句中，that可以指人或物，在从句中作主语或谓语动词的宾语，但不能放在介词后面作介词宾语，如： The book that I bought yesterday was written by Lu Xun. 注意在下面几种情况下必须用that引导定语从句。 (1)先行词是不定代词all, few, little, much, something, nothing, anything等，如： All that we have to do is to practise English. (2)先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰，如 The first letter that I got from him will be kept. (3)先行词被all, any, every, each, few, little, no, some等修饰，如 I've eaten up all the food that you gave me. (4)先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last修饰时如 He is the only person that I want to talk with. (5)先行词既有人又有物时，如: They talked about persons and things that they met. (6)当句中已有who时，为避免重复，如：Who is the man that is giving us the class? 6.由when, where, why引导的定语从句，如: I don't know the reason why he was late. This is the place where we have lived for 5 years. I'll never forget the day when I met Mr Li for the first time. 注意：先行词是表示地点时，如果从句的谓语动词是及物的，就用that(which)，如果从句的谓语动词是不及物的，就用where引导。This is the house Which /that he has lived in for 15 years.(Where he has lived for 15 year.)
初中英语定语从句讲解及练习(教师版) 一.定语从句及相关术语 1.定语从句：修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。 2.关系词：引导定语从句的关联词成为关系词 关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as 等； 关系副词有where, when, why等。 关系词常有3个作用：1，引导定语从句。2，代替先行词。3，在定语从句中担当一个成分。 二.关系代词引导的定语从句 1.who指人，在从句中做主语 (1) the boys who are playing football are from class one. (2) yesterday i helped an old man who lost his way. 2. whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。 (1) mr. liu is the person (whom) you talked about on the bus. (2) mr. ling is just the boy whom i want to see. 注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略。 (3) the man who/whom you met just now is my friend. 3. which指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略 (1) football is a game which is liked by most boys. (2) this is the pen (which) he bought yesterday. 4. that指人时，相当于who 或者whom；指物时，相当于which。在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。 (5) the number of the people that/who come to visit the city each year rises one million. (6) where is the man that/whom i saw this morning? 5. whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语 (1) he has a friend whose father is a doctor. (2) i once lived in a house whose roof has fallen in. whose指物时，常用以下结构来代替 (3) the classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired. (4) the classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired. (5) do you like the book whose cover is yellow? (6) do you like the book the color of which is yellow? 三.介词+关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词在定语从句中做介词宾语时，从句常由介词+关系代词引导 (1) the school (that/which) he once studied in is very famous. (2) the school in which he once studied is very famous. (3) tomorrow i will bring here a magazine (that/which) you asked for. (4) tomorrow i will bring here a magazine for which you asked. (5) we'll go to hear the famous singer (whom/that/who) we have often talked about. (6) we'll go to hear the famous singer about whom we have often talked. 注意：1. 含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开使用，如：look for, look after, take care
定语从句的用法 一、定语从句的概念 在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词,定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。(尤其是限制性定语从句) （定语在汉语中常用……的表示。它主要由形容词担任，此外，名词，代词，数词，分词，副词，不定式以及介词短语也可 以来担任，也可以有一个句子来担任。单词做定语是通常放在它所修饰的词之前，作前置定语。短语和从句做定语是则放在所 修饰的词之后，做后置定语。） 二、定语从句的关系词 引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词,常见的关系代词包括that, which, who(宾格whom,所有格whose)等,关系副词包括where, when, why等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定 语从句之间起连接作用,同时又作定语从句的重要成分。 三、定语从句的分类 根据定语从句与先行词的关系,定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。 1. 限制性定语从句紧跟先行词,主句与从句不用逗号分开,从句不可省去 2.非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开,起补充说明作用,如省去,意思仍完整。 四、关系代词的用法 1. that 既可以用于指人,也可以用于指物。 Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。(that作主语) The coat (that) I put on the desk is blue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。(that作宾语) 2.which用于指物 The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket.位于火车站附近的那座大楼 是一家超市。(作主语) The film (which) we saw last night was wonderful. 我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看。(作宾语) 3.who, whom用于指人 The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.经常在英语方面帮助我的那个女 孩是英国人。(作主语) Who is the teacher (whom) Li Ming is talking to? 正在与李明谈话的老师是谁?(作宾语) 注意：whom 在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略。 4 whose用于指人，也可以用于指物（相当于of which 注明:whose=the+物/人+of which/whom ） Do you like the book whose color is yellow? Do you like the book the color of which is yellow? I once lived in the house whose roof has fallen in . I once lived in the house ,the roof of which has fallen in . 5.关系词的区别 （1）关系词只能用that的情况: a. 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰,或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时
高中英语定语从句用法全面系统讲解（1） 一、概述 在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词，用作定语的从句叫做定语从句(attributive clause)。被定语从句所修饰的词叫做先行词(antecedent)。定语从句必须放在先行词之后。引导定语从句的关联词有关系代词who、whom、whose、which、that和关系副词when、where、why 等。 Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police. 最后，那个小偷向警察交出他偷的所有的东西。（引导词是关系代词that） His parents wouldn't let him marry anyone whose family was poor. 他父母不让他和家庭困难的人结婚。（引导词是关系代词whose） In the dark street, there wasn't a single person to whom she could turn for help. 在那个黑暗的街道上，没有她可以求助的人。（引导词是关系代词whom） In 1519 another traveller who went to America from Europe discovered the tomato. 1519年另一位从欧洲去美洲的旅行家发现了西红柿。（引导词是关系代词who） I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing. 我仍然记得第一次去北京的那一天。（引导词是关系副词when） This is the house where we lived last year. 这就是我们去年住的房子。（引导词是关系副词where） 二、关系代词和关系副词的功用能 关系代词和关系副词用来引导定语从句，在先行词和定语从句之间起纽带作用，使二者联系起来。关系代词和关系副词可作定语从句的一个成分。关系代词可作主语、宾语、定语；关系副词可作状语。 1、作主语 关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词的人称和数应与先行词一致。 All that is needed is a supply of oil. 所需要的是大量的油。（引导词that在句中作主语） A plane is a machine that can fly. 飞机是会飞的机器。（引导词that在句中作主语） The foreigner who visited our class yesterday is from Canada. 昨天到我班来访的外国人来自加拿大。（引导词who在句中作主语） They planted the trees which didn't need much water. 他们种植了需水不多的树木。（引导词which在句中作主语） 2、作宾语 在定语从句里作宾语的关系代词在口语中常被省去 The noodles (that) I cooked were delicious. 我煮的面条美味可口。（引导词that，可省略）
一、定语从句的概念 定语从句的用法和精练 在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词,定语从句一般放在先行词后 二、定语从句的关系词 引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词,常见的关系代词包括that, which, who( 宾格whom,所有格whose)等,关系副词包括where, when, why 等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用,同时又作定语从句的重要成分。 三、定语从句的分类 根据定语从句与先行词的关系,定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句紧跟先行词,主句与从句不用逗号分开,从句不可省去。非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开,起补充说明作用,如省去,意思仍完整。 四、关系代词的用法 （一）限制性定语从句中关系代词的用法 作用宾语 先行词主语及物动词宾语或 没被提前的介词 宾语 被提前的的介定语 词宾语 指人Who/that, as Who/whom/that, as 介词+whom Whose/of whom 指物Which/that, as That/which, as 介词+which Whose/of which 1. that 既可以用于指人,也可以用于指物。在从句中作主语或宾语,作主语时不可省略,作宾语可省略。例如: Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle玛. The coat (that) I put on the desk is blue我. 丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。(that 作主语) 放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。(that 作宾语) 2. which 用于指物,在句中作主语或宾语,作主语不可省略,作宾语可省略。例如: The building which stands near the train station is a supermarke位t. 家超市。(作主语) 于火车站附近的那座大楼是一
高中英语定语从句讲解及练习 定语从句是高中重点知识，也是高考常考点，大家也不容易掌握，这篇文章主要教你关系代词引导的定语从句 关系副词引导的定语从句判断关系代词与关系副词限制性和非限制性定语从句等内容，有例题讲解定语从句在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。 关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which等。 关系副词有：when, where, why等。 18.1 关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。 1）who, whom, that 这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中作主语和宾语。例如： Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是你想见的人吗？（who/that在从句中作主语） He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/that在从句中作宾语） 2）whose 用来指人或物，（只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换）。例如： They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。 Please pass me the book whose （of which）cover is green.请递给我那本绿皮的书。 3）which, that所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。例如： A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。（which / that在句中作宾语） The package （which / that）you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。（which / that在句中作宾语） 18.2 关系副词引导的定语从句 关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。 1）关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于\"介词+ which\"结构，因此常常和\"介词+ which\"结构交替使用。例如： There are occasions when （on which）one must yield.任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。 Beijing is the place where（in which）I was born.北京是我的出生地。 Is this the reason why （for which）he refused our offer?这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？ 2）that代替关系副词，可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和\"介+which\"引导的定语从句，在口语中that常被省略。例如： His father died the year （that / when / in which）he was born.他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。 He is unlikely to find the place （that / where / in which）he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。 18.3 判断关系代词与关系副词 方法一：用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如： This is the mountain village where I stayed last year. 这是我去年呆过的山村。 I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you.我永远不会忘记与你共事的日子。 判断改错： （错）This is the mountain village where I visited last year. （错）I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside. （对）This is the mountain village （which）I visited last year. （对）I'll never forget the days （which）I spent in the countryside. 习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词where, when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。 方法二：准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分（主、谓、宾、定、状），也能正确选择出关系代词/关
人教版中考英语九年级英语定语从句专题练习 一、定语从句 1．The girl handed everything _____ she had picked up in the street to the police. A．which B．in which C．that D．all 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】 句意：女孩把她在街上捡到的所有东西都交给了警察。 考查定语从句。本句先行词everything是不定代词，应该用关系代词that引导此定语从句。故选C。 2． My grandparents like stories ________ have happy endings. A．they B．who C．which D．/ 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】 句意：我爷爷奶奶喜欢有快乐结局的故事。考查定语从句。先行词stories（故事）表示物，需用关系代词that或which，引导词同时做从句的主语，根据句意结构，故选C。 3．The book ______was written by him is very interesting. A．who B．whom C．which D．/ 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】 句意：他写的那本书很有趣。 考查关系代词。A. who代指人，在定语从句中做主语或宾语；B. whom代指人，在定语从句中做宾语；C. which指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语；D. /为不填。首先分析句子结构，可知本句为定语从句，先行词the book为物，而且从句中缺主语，所以引导定语从句的关系代词用which；故答案选C。 4．The movie ____ I have seen twice is The Wandering Earth. A．who B．which C．where D．when 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】 句意：我看过两次的电影是《流浪地球》。A. who谁，指人的引导词；B. which哪一个，指物的引导词；C. where哪里，指地点；D. when什么时间，指时间。本题考查定语从句。先行词是The movie，因此引导词用which。故选B。
定语从句的用法 责编： 【真题再现】 1. After Mandela was free (自由的) in 1990, he chose to shake hands with the people ________ wanted to kill him.(2014 临沂) A. whose B. which C. / D. who 2. — Have you seen the documentary named A Bite of China (《舌尖上的中国》)? (2014 咸宁) — Yeah! It’s the most funny one ________ I have ever seen. A. that B. what C. which D. where 3. — Do you know the girl is talking with our teacher? (2014 滨州) — Oh, she is my sister. A. who B. whose C. whom D. where 4. Do you know the man _______ saved five people in the fire? (2014 宜宾) A. who B. it C. when D. whom 5. He likes low-carbon life. He lives in the house ________ he built himself out of trash. (2014 十堰) A. where B. what C. which D. in which 6. People ______ overweight need more water than thin people. (2014 呼和浩特) A．who is B．which are C．that is D．who are 7. When Robinson Crusoe got to the island, the first thing ________ he did was to look for some food.（2014 广东） A. who B. that C. which D. whom 8. — Which is your new neighbor, Liu Hua? (2014 泰安) — The man _______ T-shirt is red. A. that B. who C. which D. whose 9. — Where is the School English Speech Contest going to be held tonight? (2014 鄂州) —I’m not sure. Is it in the hall ________ can hold 300 people? A. where B. what C. that D. when 10. — What kind of movies do you like? (2014 达州) — I like movies ________ scary monsters. A. which has B. that have C. what has D. why have 11. The photo _______ taken by my brother last week is very nice.（2015 呼和浩特） A．which were B．that is C．that were D．which was 12. The stone bridge _______ was built in Song Dynasty was repaired last month．（2015 西宁） A．that B．when C．where 13. —Why don’t you like fishing? (2015 河南) —Fishing is a hobby ___________ needs much patience, but I’m not patient at all. A. who B. that C. it D. what 14. —Nowadays WeChat is very popular among friends.(2015 福州) —Yes. It seems to be the best way of communication ________ people like. A. that B. which C. who 15. Language learning isn’t hard itself．The attitude ________ you have decides if you can learn it well at last. (2015 哈尔滨) A．what B．who C．which
定语从句 一、基本概念： 定语： 定语从句： Do you know the man who spoke at the meeting just now That is the house where he lived ten years ago. 引导词：关系词 关系代词有：that, who, whom, whose, which; 在从句中充当： 关系副词有：when, where, why. 在从句充当： 先行词： 定语从句中引关系词的作用： 二、关系词的用法： （一）关系代词的用法： 1． He is the man lives next door. The train has just left is for Shenzhen. 2． The man ________ we have just seen is a famous writer. Where is the book ___________I bought last week （二）关系副词的用法： 1． I still remember the time ________I first became a college student. Do you know the date __________Lincoln was born
(三) 使用关系副词应注意下列几点： 1．这三个关系副词在意义上都相当于一定的介词+which结构： when = on (in, at, during…) + which; where = in (at, on…) + which; why = for which. 如： I was in Beijing on the day when (=on which) he arrived. The office where (=in which) he works is on the third floor. This is the chief reason why (=for which) we did it. 2．当先行词是表时间的time, day等和表地点的place, house等时，一定要注意分析从句的结构，如果缺少主语或宾语时，关系词应该用which或that, 缺少时间状语或地点状语时，才能用when或where，试比较： I’ll never forget the day _________ my hometown was liberated. I’ll never forget the days____________we spent together last summer. His father works in a factory____________radio parts are made. His father works in a factory______________makes radio parts. 三．限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句 1．限制性定语从句 This is the telegram which he refers to. Is there anything (that) I can do for you 2．非限制性定语从句 This note was left by Tom, who was here a moment ago. As a boy, he was always making things, most of which were electric.
（英语）初中英语定语从句真题汇编(含答案)及解析 一、定语从句 1．I hate the dogs live in the next house. They make loud noises all night A．who B．that C．what D．whom 【答案】B 【解析】 句意：我讨厌住在隔壁的狗，他们整晚发出噪音。who "谁"指人，在定语从句中作主语；that "那个"指人或指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语；what "什么"不能引导定语从句，引导名词性从句；whom "谁"指人，在定语从句中作宾语。根据先行词是the dogs，后面的定语从句缺少主语，故用代词that。故选B。 2．I like listening to music______ can touch the heart of people. A．that B．who C．where D．what 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】 句意：我喜欢听能触动人心的音乐。考查定语从句引导词。what不引导定语从句，可排除。that可指人指物；who指人；where指地点。本句先行词music是物，引导词做从句的主语，需用that引导；根据句意语境，可知选A。 3．Do you have books about famous scientists ________ are suitable for children to read? A．what B．which C．who D．whom 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】 句意“你有关于科学家方面的适合小孩子读的书吗？”。本题考查定语从句。A.定语从句中没有what；B.which指物，在从句中作主语和宾语；C.who指人，在从句中作主语和宾语； D.whom指人，在从句中作宾语。根据句意可知，先行词为books指物，在从句中作主语，故选B。 4．This is the dictionary ________ Mum gave me for my birthday. A．which B．what C．whose D．whom 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】 句意：这是那本母亲给我作为生日礼物的字典。这里是定语从句，先行词是为物时用which；what不能引导定语从句；先行词指人时用who；当先行词为物主代词时用whose。本题先行词为dictionary，字典是物，所以用关系词which。故选A。
初三英语定语从句讲解及练习题 在复合句中修饰名词和代词的从句叫做定语从句。被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词。 引导定语从句的关系代词有who, whose, whom, which, that 。 引导定语从句的关系副词有when, where, why。 关系代词在定语从句中做主语，宾语，定语。关系副词在定语从句中做状语。 一、who引导的定语从句,who在从句中做主语(口语中也可做宾语)，修饰表示人的先行词。 This is the man who helped me. The boy who//whom we saw yesterday is John’s brother. 二、whom引导的定语从句,whom在从句中作宾语,修饰表示人的先行词，口语中可以省略。 The doctor (whom) you are looking for is in the room. The person (whom) you just talked to is Mr. Li. =The person to whom you just talked is Mr. Li. (介词后whom不能省略) The babies whom the nurses are looking after are very healthy. (固定短语中的介词一般不能拆开，仍放在动词之后。look for / look after /take care of / put on / take off…) 三、whose引导的定语从句,whose在从句中作定语，修饰表示人或物的先行词。 Do you know the woman whose name is Mary. Pass me the dictionary whose cover is black. He has a friend whose father is a doctor. 四、that引导的定语从句，that在从句中做主语或宾语、修饰表示人或物的先行词。作宾语时可省略,不能放在介词后面作宾语. (that指人时，相当于who或者whom；指物时，相当于which) The letter (that//which) I received was from my father. I can’t find the letter that//which came this morning. Do you still remember the days (that//which)we spent together ? This is the man that//who helped me. The house (that//which) we live in is not large. =The house in which we live is not large. The doctor (that//whom //who)you are looking for is in the room. 五、which引导的定语从句，which在从句中做主语，也可做宾语，或介词的宾语，修饰表示物的先行词。
高中英语定语从句详解 定语从句用来充当句中定语的主谓结构；它主要用于修饰句子中的名词、代词。而定语从句的位置常常是紧跟在被修饰的名词、代词的后面。在被修饰的名词、代词与定语从句之间往往有一个关系词将其前后两部分联系成一个整体，或是构成一个名词短语；或是构成一个代词短语。但从结构上说，关系词与从句是一个整体。排除句子的其他各部分，这种带有定语从句的名词短语或是代词短语的构成可演示如下：1）three signs that indicate a person is suffering from a panic attack rather than a heart attack 三种意味着一个人是患有惊恐症而不是心脏病的迹象在这个带有定语从句的名词短语中： signs是：被修饰的名词； that是：关系词； that indicate a person is suffering from a panic attack rather than a heart attack是定语从句 2）those who drink a l ot 那些大量饮酒的人在这个带有定语从句的代词短语中： those是：被修饰的名词； who是：关系词; who drink a l ot是：定语从句通过上面的演示,我们可以归纳出定语从句在句子中的位置、结构如下：
被修饰的名词/ 代词+ 关系词+ 句子(其中，"被修饰的名词/代词"在语法叫作"先行词".) 要点提示： 1）"先行词"与"关系词"的内在联系"先行词"与"关系词"之间实质上是互等、互换的关系。也就是说，关系词的作用就是将先行词所表达意义"代到"从句中来起作用。例如： They often become easily frightened or feel uneasy in situations （先行词）where (关系词)peopl e normally woul d not be afraid . 他们常在人们一般不会感到害怕的情况下却很容易感到恐惧或是感到不自在。 （本句中的关系词where = 先行词（in）situations 。如果把这个复合句拆成两个分句，那就是： They often become easily frightened or feel uneasy in situations peopl e normally woul d not be afraid in situations 由此可以看出，"先行词"与"关系词"之间实质上是互等、互换的关系）。又例如： Rude peopl e are those （先行词）whose (关系词)behavior shows little respect for the rules（先行词）that(关系词) the majority follows . 不讲礼貌的人是指那些，他们的行为对大多数人所遵从的规