中考英语重点知识归纳总结要想在中考中立于不败之地，必须把握试题具有的特点：①内容覆盖面广，
考查范围均为大纲中所列的所有语法项目——包括动词非谓语形式、时态、被动语态、情态动词、冠词、形容词、副词、代词、连词、从句、倒装、习惯表达法等；②重点突出，强调动词的考查；③突出语境的作用，提供语境间接考查语言知识的运用。因此，教师必须对语法知识部分进行全面、细致的复习。要重视语境题、时态题、动词短语相关的单选题。在复习期间，可以采取相对集中的方式整理、复习，补补“漏子”，理理“辫子”，按照教学大纲的要求“先上口，后归纳，抓核心，辨差异，找规律，编口诀，举一反三，巧滚雪球”，使初中英语内容融会贯通。中考英语重点知识很多，笔者仅就考试中出现最频繁的非谓语动词进行以下归纳梳理，供教师参考。
一、动词不定式的用法
1、动词不定式作主语
To master a language is not an easy thing. 掌握一门语言不是一件容易的事情。
To teach English is my favorite. 教英语是我的爱好。
It's my pleasure to help you. 很乐意帮助你。
动词不定式作主语时可以放在后面，而用it 作形式主语放在原主语的位置上。
It's very kind of you to have given us much help. 你给了我们那么多的帮助真是太好了。
It's necessary to find the witness. 有必要找到目击者。
It’s difficult for him to learn Eng lish well. 他学好英语很困难。
注意：It is + adj.+ of sb.+ to do sth.是someone is + adj.+ to do sth. 的强调式。即把形容词提到句子的强调地位。这时句中sb.即是形容词的逻辑主语，又是不定式的逻辑主语。It is+形容词+for sb.+ to do sth.中的sb.只能作不定式的逻辑主语。
也就是说，sb.既是形容词的逻辑主语，又是不定式的逻辑主语时sb.前面用of，如果sb.只能作不定式的逻辑主语时，sb.前面用for。如：
It is very important for you to master a foreign language.你们掌握一门外语是非常重要的。
句中的you就只能作不定式的逻辑主语。
It is very brave of you to have done it for the soldier.你真勇敢，为士兵做了这件事情。
句中的you是形容词和不定式的共同主语。用于这一句型的形容词中学课本中出现的还有：careful，careless，clever，courageous，foolish，good，honest，nice，polite，right，silly，wise，wrong，grateful，naughty等。
注意：此类形容词绝大多数是说明某人品质、特性或行为方式的主动形容词。
2、动词不定式作宾语
接动词不定式作宾语的动词有：decide, desire, expect, hope, mean, pretend, promise, refuse, undertake, want, wish, agree, manage等。
我们可用这样一个虚构词“merdowphfla”，其汉语谐音为“磨豆腐喽” 帮助归纳记忆。每一个字母代表一个英语单词。m-mean(打算),manage(设法)；e-expect(期
盼)；r-refuse(拒绝)；d-dare(敢)，desire(渴望), determine(决心)，decide(决定),demand （要求)；o-offer(企图);w-want(想要)，wish(希望)；p-promise(答应)，pretend(假装),plan(计划)；h-hope; fail(失败),l-long(渴望)，learn(学习)；a-ask(要求), arrange(安排)。
例如：
I have decided to be a good teacher. 我决定要当一位好教师。
He refused to come to the party. 他不肯来出席这个晚会。
That stranger asked to see the manager. 那位陌生人要求见经理。
I fear to offend him. 我怕得罪他。
I don’t care to see him again. 我不愿再见到他。
We’ve arranged to drop by at six o’clock.. 我们已经安排在六点钟访问。
He failed to follow the instructions. 他没有按照说明书来做。
The girl had no choice but to cry. 那女孩除了哭以外，就没有别的选择。
注意：
①在can’t help but, can’t choose but, can’t but，had better, would rather, rather than 和do……but/except/besides 结构中，后面的动词不定式符号“to”常常省略。
例如：
Mr. Cheng couldn’t help but leave. 程老师只好离开。
I could do other things besides play football after school. 放学后，我除了踢足球还可以做其它事情。
The boy can do everything but speak. 那男孩什么都能做，除了说话。
You had better leave here for the moment.你最好暂时离开这儿。
I would rather stay at home on Sunday 星期天我宁愿呆在家里。
He prefers to work on the farm rather than do his homework at home.他宁愿在农场干活也不愿意在家做作业。
②动词不定式作宾语，后面又有宾语补足语时，常用it 作形式宾语，而把真正的宾语不定式放在后面。例如：
We found it difficult to learn a foreign language. 我们发现学习外语很困难。
I think it wrong to come late for class.我认为上课迟到是不对的。
③teach, decide, wonder, show, learn, forget, ask, find out, advise, discuss等动词后面可以接what, which, when, where, how, whether 等+不定式。
例如：
He teaches us how to learn English well.他教我们怎样学习好英语。
We discussed where to buy the computer.我们讨论了哪里能买这种电脑。
He didn’t tell us when to start out. 他没有告诉我们何时出发。
④在同一句或联系紧密的对话中，为了避免重复，作宾语、补语的动词不定式再次出现时，to后面的内容常常承前省略（to留下），但如果有助动词have 或be 的任何形式，应该保留原形be或have。
例如：
—Who’d like to go with me?—I’d like to.—谁想跟我一起去？—我。
China is not what it used to be.中国已经不过去的中国了。
—You are late. You ought to have come five minutes ago.你迟到了。你应该五分钟以前到。
—I know I ought to have.我知道我应该。
3、动词不定式作宾语补语
例如：
We expect you to be with us. 我们希望你和我们在一起。
Please ask him to come here quickly. 请叫他快过来。
注意：接动词不定式作宾语补足语的情况。
①主语+ ask/ require/ tell/ order/ force/ get/ want/ like/ expect/ advise/ allow/ permit/ forbid sb to do sth.
He asked me to work hard for the people.他要求我们为人民努力学习。
She tells us not to come late. 她叫我们不要迟到。
②主语+ think/judge/suppose/believe/consider/feel sb to be…
I think him to be honest. 我认为他诚实。
I believe her to be a good student. 我相信她是个好学生。
主语+ think/judge/suppose/believe/consider/feel sb to have done…
We considered him to have been to the U.S.我们认为他去过美国。
He is considered to have been to Beijing. 有人认为他去过北京。
③主语+ hear（listen to, see, watch, notice, observe, look at, feel, have, let , make）sb do …
即hear, listen to, see, watch, notice, observe, look at, feel, have, let , make 后面接动词不定时作宾语补足语不带to。
例如：
I saw him go out just now. 我刚才看见她出去了。
He made us do a lot of homework.他让我们做很多作业。
这些动词可以用下面口诀帮助记忆。不定式作宾补何时不带to？
下面口诀给予帮助。二听、五看、一感觉，
使役动词有三个，help可带,可不带（to) ，
所以把它排在外。二听：hear, listen to
五看：see, watch, notice, observe, look at
一感觉：feel
三个使役动词：have, let, make
例如：
She felt somebody touch her hair. She let me read her diary.
I made him tell the truth. Did you hear him say that yourself?
We have to help them (to) clean the town.
注意：变为被动语态时要加to。
He was made to tell the truth.
④主语+ call on/ depend on/ wait for/ ask for sb to do sth.
例如：
He called on us to learn from Lei Feng.他号召我们向雷锋学习。
He depends on his parents to give him food and clothing.他依靠父母提供吃穿。
4、动词不定式作表语
What I should do is to finish the task soon. 我应该做的是赶快完成任务。
The most urgent thing is to find the boy immediately. 当务之急是马上去找孩子。
注意：
①不定式作表语，其主语通常是job, work，wish, hope, thought, idea, way, method, aim, duty, intention, purpose, suggestion 等。
②主语和表语同为不定式，其含义往往一个是条件，另一个是结果。
Not to grasp firmly is not to grasp at all. 抓而不紧等于不抓。
What I wish is to learn English well. 我所希望的是把英语学好。
To see is to believe. 百闻不如一见。
③不定式结构作表语时，通常带to，但是当主语部分有一个动作动词do时（这个do 可以是限定动词形式，也可以是非限定动词形式，而且不论是什么时、体形式均可），用作表语的动词不定式中的to可以省略。例如：
What we need to do is (to) reduce our use of energy and use natural forms of energy which are free and which will last for ever. 我们要做的是减少能源的消耗和利用各种天然能源。天然能源是即不花钱，又取之不尽，用之不竭的。
All I did is (to) empty the battle. 我只需倒空瓶子。
What he has done is (to) serve the people. 他做的事就是救人。
All we have to do is (to) push the button. 我们只需要按一下按钮。
5、动词不定式作定语
There are many ways to solve the problem. 有许多方法能解决这个问题。
I have something important to tell you. 我有重要的事情要告诉你。
注意：
①下面词语chance, wish, courage, need, promise, time, opportunity, way, the first, the secod, the last, the only one 等常常接动词不定式作定语。例如：He is always the first to arrive and the last to leave.他总是第一个到达，最后一个离开。
There is no need to ask him the question.没有必要问他这个问题。
②不定式与它所修饰的名词在逻辑上是主谓关系。
There is no one to look after her.没有人照顾他。
He needs a person to talk with him.他需要一人和他谈话。
③不定式与它所修饰的名词在逻辑上是动宾关系。
She s looking for a room to live in.她再找房子住。
He has a lot of work to do today.他今天有很多工作要做。
6、不定式作状语
不定式作状语可以作目的状语、原因状语、结果状语、方式状语、表程度状语。English is difficult to learn.英语很难学习。
The problem is easy to deal with.这问题很好处理。
It’s too da rk for us to see anything. 太黑我看不见东西。
The question is simple for him to answer. 问题简单要他回答不值得。
We went to the hospital to see our teacher. 我们去医院看了我们的老师。
She is making a test to get a kind of useful medicine from a Tibet flower.她在做试验，从一种西藏花中提取某种有用的药物。
①不定式作目的状语可以用in order to或so as to 表示，但so as to 不能放在句首。
例如：
In order to go to key university, he studies hard.为了上重点大学，他学习很用功。
He sat in the front in order to/so as to see more clearly.
=He sat in the front so that/in order that he could see more clearly. 为了看得更清楚，他坐在前排。(目的)
He went to a big city in order to/ so as to find a good job.
=He went to a big city so that/in order that he could find a good job. 为了找一个好工作，她去了大城市。(目的)
②动词不定式作结果状语常常可以用以下结构。
so as to；so + adj/adv + as to do… 如此……以致；enough to do …足够做……；too + adj /adv to do…太……而不能……；such…as to do…如此……以致
例如：
He sat in the front so as to see more clearly.
=He sat in the front so that he saw more clearly. 他坐在前排，结果看得更清楚。(结果)
She got up early so as to catch the first train.
=She got up so early that she caught the first train. 他起床很早结果赶上了早班车。(结果)
He was so kind as to give me a lot of help.他很善良结果帮了我很多忙。
The boy is old enough to join the army.那孩子达到了参军的年龄。
He is too young to go to school.他还不到上学的年龄。
He is such a good man as to help the old woman get off the bus.他就是这样一个好人扶老人下汽车。
③动词不定式作结果状语表示一种出乎意料的结果常常用only to do 结构。
例如：
He hurried to the station only to find the train had left.他匆匆赶到车站，结果发现火车已经走了。
We waited for two hours, only to be told to come the next day.我们等了两个小时，结果告诉我们次日再来。
He arrived late only to find the train gone.
I visited him only to find him out.
二、动名词的用法
动名词是由动词原形+ ing 构成，形式同现在分词形式一样，其否定形式是not + 动词原形+ ing。
1、动名词作主语：
Talking like that is not polite. 那样谈话不礼貌。
Learning from others is important. 向别人学习很重要。
Putting on more clothes is not so good . 多穿衣服不一定好。
动名词作主语通常用一般式，可以像动词不定式一样，用it 先行词代替，而把动名词写在后面。
It's no use waiting here, let's go home. 在这儿等着也没用，我们回家吧。
It's very difficult climbing this mountain. 爬这座山很困难。
2、动名词作表语
The nurse's job is looking after the patients. 护士的工作是护理病人。
Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。
3、动名词作定语
She is studying in the reading room. 她在阅览室学习。
He slept in the sleeping bag. 他在睡袋里睡觉。
4、动名词作宾语
Please stop smoking in the house. 请不要在家里抽烟。
I like reading in the forest. 我喜欢在树林里读书。
Do you mind my opening the windows? 你介意我打开窗户吗？
She is found of collecting stamp. 她喜欢集邮。
下列动词接动名词：
avoid, consider, delay, deny, dislike, enjoy, escape, forgive, finish, imagine, keep, mind, miss, pardon, prevent, resist, suggest, stand, understand, can't help, 等。
我们可用这样一个虚构词“madpsfameicarfe”，其汉语谐音为“卖的不是发霉咖啡”帮助归纳记忆。每一个字母代表一个英语单词。m-mind(介意), a-avoid(避免), d-delay(推迟), p-practise(练习),s-suggest（建议）, s-stand（忍受）,s-stop(停止),f-finish(完成),f-forgive（原谅），a-advise(建议), m-miss(错过), e-escape(逃脱),i-imagine(设想)，c-can’t help(禁不住), a-admit(承认), r-risk(冒险), f-fancy(认为，想象)，e-enjoy(喜爱)。
b.下列短语动词接动名词
be fond of, be good at, be worth, devote to, feel like, get used to, give up, have difficulty, insist on，look forward to, pay attention to, put off, refer to等。
He is fond of playing basketball.他喜欢打篮球。
I have difficulty learning English.我学习英语有困难。
c.介词后面接动名词
What about going to the cinema? 去看电影怎么样？
On seeing his teacher, he jumped off his bike. 他一看见老师就下自行车。
.几个特殊情况：
1) 有些动词的后面既能跟动名词又能跟不定式，区别不大。他们是：begin, start, continue. Like, love, dislike, hate, prefer 等。
He began to learn English at the age of five.
He began learning English at the age of five.
他五岁开始学习英语。
注意：
（1）begin, start 本身是进行式、后面的动词是see, understand, realize 等后面跟动词不定式。表示习惯的，一般性的多接动名词，表示某一特定的或具体的行动，多接动词不定式。
He is beginning to give class.他就要上课了。
He began to realize he was wrong.他开始意识到他错了。
He likes to sing the song “The Red Star”.他喜欢唱红星之歌。He likes singing.他喜欢唱歌。
（2)advise, allow, forbid, permit, consider 接动名词作宾语，但它们后面如果有了人称代词作宾语，就接动词不定式作宾语补足语。例如：
We don’t all ow smoking here.我们不允许在这抽烟。（泛指一切人）
We don’t allow students to smoke here. 我们不允许学生在这里抽烟。（泛指某个人）
（3）remember, forget, regret, try, mean, stop, go on, can’t help接动名词和动词不定式都可以，它们的具体含义不一样。
remember doing sth 记得做过某事；remember to do sth 记住要要做某事
I remember seeing him once somewhere. 我记得在某地见过他一次。
I remember to meet him at the station. 我记住要到车站去接他。
forget doing sth 忘了做过某事；forget to do sth 忘记要做某事
I will never forget seeing Chairman Mao in Yanan.我永远不会忘记在延安见到了毛主席。
Never forget to turn off the light when you leave the room.离开房间的时候千万别忘了关灯。
regret doing sth 对发生的事后悔；regret to do sth 对将要做某事抱歉/遗憾
I regret not having worked hard. 我后悔以前没有用功。
I regret to say I can’t help you.很遗憾说我不能帮助你。
try doing sth 试一试；try to do sth 设法/企图做某事；
If no one answer, you try knocking at the back door.如果没有人回话，你就试一试敲后门。
I tried to persuade him to stop smoking, but he wouldn’t listen.我想方设法劝他戒烟，他不听。
mean doing sth 意味着；就是；mean to do sth 打算做某事
Wasting the bus means waiting for 15 minutes. 误了这班车意味着要等15分钟。
I had meant to go to the cinema, but my old school friend came to see me.我本来打算去看电影的，但是我的老同学来看我。
stop doing sth 停止做某事；stop to do sth 停下来做别的事
When the classroom teacher came in, the students stopped talking.班主任走进教室，学生就不说话了。
As soon as he saw me in the street, she stopped to say hello to me. 在街上他一看见我就跟我打招呼。
Stop smoking, please. 请不要抽烟。Let's stop to have a rest. 咱们停下来休息一下吧。
go on doing sth 继续做（原来未做完的）某事；go on to do sth 继续做某事（做完一件事后继续做另外的事）
He went on painting his picture. 他继续画画。
After dinner, I went on to do my homework. 吃完晚饭，我继续做作业。
can’t help doing sth 情不自禁地做某事；can’t help to do sth 不能帮助做某事
We couldn’t help laughing when the monkey made faces at us.猴子对我们做鬼脸的时候我们情不自禁地笑了。
I’m too busy now. I can’t help to do such a thing for the moment.我现在太忙。暂时不能帮助做这样的事情。
need, want, require 作“需要”解，接动名词的主动式和动词不定式被动式意思相同。
The desks need repairing.= The desks need to be repaired.这些课桌需要修理。
The trees want watering. = The trees want to be watered.这些书需要浇水了。
The patients require examining. = The patients require to be examined. 这些病人需要检查了。
三、分词的用法
分词可分为现在分词和过去分词两种。现在分词的形式同动名词一样，在动词后
面加-ing，而过去分词的形式则在动词后面加-ed。一般说来，现在分词表示主动，过去分词表示被动。使用分词应注意的问题：
1、分词的否定形式。not + 分词
Not knowing what to do next, she stopped to wait.不知道下一步干什么，她停下来等着。
Not having finished the homework, the little girl doesn't dare to go to school. 小女孩没完成作业不敢去学校
2、分词的时态
分词的一般式表示动作同谓语动词的动作同时发生或之前发生。
Seeing the teacher coming in, the students stopped playing. 看到老师进来，学生们停下来不玩了。
Coming into the room, he lay on his bed.回到家后，他就躺在床上。
分词的完成时表示的动作在谓语动词的前面发生。
Having received a letter, I knew everything is all right. 收到一封信后，我知道一切都很好。
Having had my supper, I went out for a walk. 晚饭后，我出去散步了。
Having known that he won the match, he threw the cap into the sky. 他知道自己比赛获胜，高兴地把帽子扔上了天。
3、分词的被动形式
分词的被动形式表示分词动作同所修饰的名词有一种被动关系。
The entertainment building being built will be completed next year. 正在建设的娱乐大楼明年完工。
Having been praised, he felt very happy.受到表扬以后，他感到非常高兴。
Being punished every day, my son would not go to school.因为天天受罚，我儿子不愿意上学了。
4、分词在句中的作用
分词在句中起形容词或副词的作用，可以作定语，表语，状语，补语。
1）分词作定语
China is a developing country. 中国是一个发展中国家。
That's an interesting story. 这是一个有趣的故事。
His written English is good, but his spoken English is bad.虽然他书面英语很好，但他口语不好。
The abandoned dog was collected by the organization. 被遗弃的狗被这个组织收养。
The girl singing for us is ten years old. 给我们唱歌的女孩十岁了。
The girl beaten black and blue is Mary.被打的青一块紫一块的女孩就是玛丽。
注意：
①作定语的分词要放在被修饰的名词之前，现在分词表示主动，过去分词表示被动。如果是分词词组作定语则放在被修饰的名词之后，如被修饰的词是something, anything, everything, nothing 等不定代词，分词放在它们的后面。现在分词的完成式一般不能作定语。
The working people have played a great role in the activity. 工人在这次活动中起主要作用。
The boy hurt by the car was sent to the hospital immediately. 被汽车撞伤的小孩马
上被送到了医院。There is nothing interesting. 没什么有趣的事。
②及物动词的过去分词作定语表示被动；不及物动词的过去分词作定语不表示被动，表示动作完成。
The inspired audience stood up and gave him a long and warm applause. 受到鼓舞的听众站起来，对他抱一长时间的热烈的鼓掌。
The excited expression on his face suggested that there was good news.他脸上兴奋的表情表明有好消息。
There are fallen leaves everywhere.到处都是落过的树叶。
③分词和动名词都可以作定语，判断是分词还是动名词，可以根据它们和被修饰词有无逻辑上的主谓关系来判断，有主谓关系的是分词，否则判断为动名词。
a swimming girl(=a girl who swims) 游泳的女孩。（分词）
a swimming pool(=a pool for swimming) 游泳的池子（动名词）
2）分词作状语
分词（短语）在句中作状语，可以表示时间、原因、伴随、条件、结果等。
①时间状语
Hearing the good news, he jumped with great joy.听到这个好消息他高兴得跳起来。现在分词短语作状语表示时间可以在前面加上while 或when。
When drinking to someone’s health, you should raise your glass.你为某人的健康干杯的时候，你应举起杯子。
You do not need to worry about all the rules while having dinner with your friends.你跟朋友一起吃饭的时候不必担心一切规矩。
②原因状语
Not having finished his homework, the student was punished.因为没有完成作业，学生受到了惩罚。
Told by the teacher, she knew she was wrong. 经老师一说，她知道自己不对。Lost in thought, he almost ran into a car. 因为埋头思考，差一点撞到汽车上。
③伴随状语
The boy came in, following his parents.男孩跟着她父母进来了。
She is there, waiting for us. 她在那儿等我们呢。
The teacher came in, followed by some students.老师进来了，后面跟着几个学生。
④条件状语
Given a little more time, I could do the work better.如果给我多一点时间，我会把工作做得更好。
Time permitting, we will go to play. 时间允许的话我们去玩。
⑤结果状语
The poor man died, leaving nothing to his children.可怜的老人死了没有给孩子们留下任何东西。
European football is played in 80 countries, making it the most popular sport in the world.欧洲的足球赛在80个国家举行，结果成为世界上最受欢迎的体育运动。It rained heavily, causing severe flooding in that country.大雨滂沱，造成哪个国家洪水泛滥。
注意：
①时间性：现在分词的一般式表示与谓语动词同时发生，如果分词的动作发生在谓语之前，则用分词的完成式，即having done。
②人称一致性：句子的主语是分词的逻辑主语。
③语态性：句子的主语是分词动作的执行者用分词的主动形式；句子的主语是分词动作的承受者用分词的被动形式；在一些情况下，现在分词的完成被动式可以与过去分词互换，因为及物动词的过去分词既可以表示被动又可以表示完成。Having been educated by the Party, he became a communist fighter.
= Educated by the Party, he became a communist fighter.在党的教育下他成了共产主义战士。
3）分词作表语
The story is interesting. 故事有趣。We are interested in computer. 我们对计算机感兴趣。
The glass is broken. 玻璃杯破了。The water is boiled. 水是开的。
注意：
表示心理状态的动词excite, interest, surprise, worry, disappoint, encourage, frighten, please, puzzle等的过去分词作表语时，主语通常为人；其现在分词作表语时，主语通常是物。
All felt excited at the news. They were too frightened to speak.
I am surprised at what he said The news is exciting.
4）分词作宾语补足语
可以跟宾语补足语的谓语动词有see, watch, hear, set, keep, find, have, get 等词。
I saw him walking in the street. 我看见他在街上走。
I heard them singing in the classroom.我听见他们在教室里唱歌。
We found the boy sleeping. 我们发现小孩睡着了。
have 后面的宾语补足语用过去分词常表示动作不是句子的主语发出的，而是由别人做的。
I have my hair cut. 我理发了。（是别人给我理发）
She has her bike repaired. 她把自行车修理了。（别人修理的）
They have their house rebuilt. 他们重修了房子。
5）过去分词作宾语补足语
宾语补足语用来补充说明句子的宾语。过去分词作宾语补足语时具有以下特点：过去分词(done)常表示动作的完成、状态或动作的全过程。
We found the young worker beaten black and blue all over. 我们发现那位年轻工人浑身被打得青一块紫一块。
宾语与过去分词在逻辑上常存在着被动关系。
He found his house broken into and a lot of things stolen. 他发现他家被人闯入很多东西被偷。
不及物动词的过去分词作宾语补足语时没有被动意味，只表示动作的完成和状态。
When I came back, I found leaves fallen. 我到家的时候发现树叶已经落了。
常带有过去分词作宾语补足语的动词可分为三类：
表示感觉和心理状态的动词：see，hear，feel，watch，notice，think，find 等。We found everything around completely changed．我们发现周围的一切都变了。He had never heard a word of English spoken before coming to England.．他来英国之前从来没听人说过英语。
She heard the door shut with a bang．她听见门咣的一声关上了。
I was glad to see the children well taken care of．我很高兴地看到孩子们受到了很好的照顾。
表示“致使”意义的动词：make，get，have，keep等。
we kept those documents locked in a safe place．我们将那些档案锁在了一个安全的地方。
He kept the windows shut all the year．他全年都关着窗户。
Let’s have the more difficult questions answered first．我们先来回答较难的问题。He had his films developed at the same time．他将胶片一起冲洗。
He stood up in order to make himself seen by others他站了起来，为的是让别人看见他。
You must get your bicycle repaired before starting．你必须在出发之前将自行车修好。
表示希望要求等意义的词：like，want，wish，order，expect等。
I want none of you involved in the matter．我不想让你们中任何一个人卷入此事。You don’t want your son killed，do you?你不想让你的儿子被杀死，是吧?
We like the disputes settled.我们希望解决争端。
The readers wished the serial story continued．读者希望继续刊登那篇连载小说。注意：
①作宾语补足语的过去分词如与宾语之间是被动关系必须是及物动词，若是不及物动词，后面须加相应的介词。
She was happy to hear her baby well looked after．她高兴地听到她的宝宝受到很好的照顾。(after不能丢掉，因为look在本句中为不及物动词，不能单独作为过去分词作宾语补足语，表示被动)
②某些不及物动词的过去分词也可以作宾语补足语(但用得很少)。例如：
They found the guests gone．他们发现宾客都走了。
过去分词作宾语补足语与现在分词作宾语补足语的区别：
过去分词和现在分词都可作宾语补足语，但各自与前面宾语的关系不同。过去分词表被动完成，现在分词表主动进行。
Her eyes were wet as she stood there, watching our flag being raised．看到我们的旗子正在升起，她站在那儿眼睛湿润了。
He found two of the cups broken．他发现有两个杯子被打破了。
H e saw many people sitting in front of the factory．他看到很多人正站在工厂门前。不定式的被动形式与过去分词作宾语补足语的区别：
一般说来，不定式的被动形式作宾语补足语强调动作过程；及物动词的过去分词作宾语补足语强调动作结果。但现在的倾向是在want, wish，like，expect等意愿动词后作宾语补足语，如果是不定式的被动形式，则可省去to be，从而使语气显得更为毅然决然。例如：
We want the job(to be)done by the end of the week．我们想在周末之前结束工作。在see, watch, hear, observe, listen to 接动词-ing 表示动词-ing的动作正在进行，接不带to动词不定式则表示不定式动作已经完成。
I saw him go out.我看见他出去了。（我看见他出去的全过程。）
I heard her singing in the next room just now. 我刚才听见她在隔壁唱歌。（我听见她正在唱
中考英语动词不定式考点全攻略 动词不定式历来是中考英语命题的热点之一。它是动词的一种非谓语形式，没有人称和数的变化，不能单独作句子的谓语。其构成形式为"（not）to+动词原形"。 考点攻略一：动词不定式作主语 1）动词不定式直接用在主语位置：To see you is always a pleasure. 2）如果主语较长，则可以用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语(不定式)置于后面。 ①It is +形容词+(of sb.) to do sth. 此处常用careless, clever, foolish, honest, kind, nice, rude, stupid, silly, wrong, wise等形容词，与介词of搭配，这些形容词常表述不定式逻辑主语的属性或性质。 It’s brave of you to jump into the river to save the boy! ②It is +名词或形容词+ (for sb.)to do sth. 此处常用necessary, hard, difficult, easy, important, impossible等形容词，与介词for搭配，表示不定式的动作或行为的性质。 It is our duty to keep our classroom clean. It is important for us to protect the environment. ③It takes sb. some time to do sth. It usually takes us about two and a half hours to travel from Shanghai to Japan. 考点攻略二：动词不定式作宾语 其后常接不定式作宾语的动词有：agree, afford, choose, decide, expect, plan, promise, manage, hope, wish, want, seem, refuse, fail等。 I didn’t expect to see you here. 在某些复合宾语中，动词有find, consider, think, make, feel,常先用it代替不定式，作形式宾语，而把不定式放到后面去。 I find it impossible to finish the task on time. 考点攻略三：动词不定式作宾语补足语 动词不定式作宾补，即“动词+宾语+（not）to do sth.”，接不定式作宾补的常见动词有：advise, allow, ask, cause, expect, beg, encourage, get, help, invite, teach, order, remind, tell, want, wish, warn等。 My parents always tell me not to be late for school. 考点攻略四：动词不定式作表语 不定式作表语一般位于系动词之后，表示具体动作，特别是表示将来的动作；若主语是aim, duty, hope, idea, job, plan, problem, purpose, wish等名词，不定式作表语是对主语起补充说明作用。 It is said that they are to visit China next month. My wish is to become a scientist like Einstein. 考点攻略五：动词不定式作定语（常用于名词之后）。 由only, last, next,序数词或形容词最高级修饰的名词常用不定式做定语， Tom is always the first student to arrive at school. 注：动词不定式to后所接动词若是不及物动词，而不定式与其修饰的词之间有动宾关系时，此不定式后要加相应的介词。 We haven’t decided which hotel to stay at. I need a pen to write with. 考点攻略六：动词不定式作目的状语。如： To keep fit, students are advised to do morning exercises. so as to (不可用于句首使用)，in order to也可以引导目的状语。
不定式和动名词做主语的区别 不定式和动名词都可在句子中作主语，一般说来, 有下面几点须给予注意： (1)不定式一般表示具体的、特定的行为，通常表示一种意愿、目的或者未完成的事情。；而-ing分词一般表示抽象的、一般的行为通常表示已经知道的事实或者经验。 如： To complete the program needs much effort. 完成这项计划需要很大的努力。 Riding a bike can make a man smart. 骑单车能使一个人敏捷。 (2)在疑问句中，只能用动名词的复合结构作主语。如： Is his speaking reasonable? 她的说话有道理吗？ (3)在某些句型中通常要用动名词短语作主语。如：It is no use doing…/ It is no goo d doing…/ It is useless doing…/ It is worthwhil e doing…如： It is no use talking your trouble to a man like him. 跟他那样的人谈你的烦恼没有用。 (4)一般说来，作主语和表语的非谓语动词形式应一致，即：或同时为不定式，或同时为-ing分词。如： Seeing is believing. 眼见为实(from https://www.doczj.com/doc/5716476649.html,)。 但是，在现代英语中，当表语用来说明主语的特定意义或具体内容时，主语和表语的非谓语动词的形式可以不一致，即，主语用动名词，而表语用动词不定式。如：Waving your hand is to say “Good-bye”. 挥手就是说“再见”。 Nodding your head is to say “Yes”. 点头就是说“对，是的”。
接不定式和动名词含义不同的动词 1. remember(记得)，forget(忘记)，regret(后悔)后接不定式指该不定式所表示的动作还未发生，后接动名词(有时可用完成式)，则指该动名词所表示的动作已经发生。比较。如：Remember to post the letter. 记住把这封信寄了。(“寄信”未发生) I remember posting the letter. 我记得寄了那封信。(“寄信”已发生) He forgot to pay me the money. 他忘记要给我付钱了。(“付钱”未发生) He forgot paying me the money. 他忘记曾给我付过钱。(“付钱”发生了) 2. try 后接不定式表示设法做某事，接动名词表示做某事试试(看有什么效果)。如： I’ll try to come tomorrow. 我明天设法来。 Let’s try knocking at the back door. 咱们敲敲后门试试。 3. mean 后接不定式表示打算(想要)做某事，接动名词表示意味着(要)做某事。如： He means to be a teacher. 他打算当老师。 He did not mean to hurt you. 他不是有意要伤害你。 This illness will mean going to hospital. 得了这种病就意味着要住院。 4. stop 后接动名词表示停止做某事，接不定式表示停下正在做的事去做另一事。如： He stopped speaking, and there was not a sound in the room. 他停止讲话，房里一点声音也没有了。 He stopped to listen, but there was no more sound. 他停下来听，但再也没有听到什么声音。 【注】后接不定式时，不定式不是宾语，而是目的状语。 5. can’t help后接动名词表示禁不住去做某事，接不定式表示不能帮助做某事。如： He couldn’t help crying when he heard the news. 他听到这个消息时禁不住哭了。 The medicine can’t help to get rid of your cold. 这药不能帮你治好感冒。 6. go on 后接不定式表示做完某事后接着做另一事，接动名词表示继续做正在做的事。如： You oughtn’t to go on living this way. 你不应该再这样生活下去了。 Go on to do the other exercises after you have finished this one. 做完这个练习后, 请接着做其他的练习。 【注】也人认为go on doing sth中的doing是现在分词而不是动名词。
动词不定式、动名词的用法和区别 动词不定式：动词不定式是由to + 动词原形构成，在句中起名词，形容词和副词的作用，可以担任除谓语以外的其它任何成分。 1. 动词不定式作主语： To mast a language is not an easy thing. / To teach English is my favorite. 动词不定式作主语时可以放在后面，而用it 作形式主语放在原主语的位置上。 It's very kind of you to have given us much help. 2. 动词不定式作宾语： 某些及物动词可以用动词不定式作宾语，这些动词有decide, begin, help, begin, want, wish, like, forget, learn, ask. I like to help others if I can. 3. 动词不定式作宾语补语。 We expect you to be with us. 我们希望你和我们在一起。/ Please ask him to come here quickly.请叫他快过来。 4. 动词不定式作表语： What I should do is to finish the task soon. / The most urgent thing is to find the boy immediately. 5. 动词不定式作定语： There are many ways to solve the problem. / I have something important to tell you. 6. 不定式作状语： We went to the hospital to see our teacher. / She is making a test to get a kind of useful medicine from a Tibet flower. 动词不定式的否定形式：not + to + 动词原形 The teacher told us not to swim in that river. 老师告诉我们不要在那条河里游泳。 It's unfair not to tell us. 没告诉我们真是不公平。 带疑问词的不定式： 疑问词who, what,which,when, where, how, why 可以加在不定式的前面，构成不定式短语，使含义更加具体。Where to go is not known yet. I don't know when to begin.。 Can you tell me where to get the battery. Do you know how to get to the station. 带逻辑主语的不定式： 动词不定式可以带有自己的逻辑主语，构成方法是：for + 逻辑主语+ 不定式。 注意：逻辑主语用宾格形式，for 本身无实际意义，它只表明后面的主语从逻辑上分析是不定式的主语。 It's necessary for us to help each other. / There are much work for me to finish, 动词不定式的被动形式：表示不定式动词同所修饰的名词是被动关系。 He is the man to be examined. 他是受检查的人。/ There are much work to be done. 有好多工作要做。 ●动名词 动名词是由动词原形+ ing 构成，同现在分词形式一样，在句中可作主语，宾语，表语和定语。 1) 动名词作主语： Talking like that is not polite. / Learning from others is important . / Putting on more clothes is not so good . （注：动名词可以象动词不定式一样，用it作形式主语，而把动名词写在后面做真正的主语。）It's no use waiting here, let's go home. / It's very difficult climbing this mountain. 2) 动名词作表语 The nurse's job is looking after the patients. 3)动名词作宾语 有些动词须用动名词来作宾语,它们是begin, mind, suggest, finish, stop, need, enjoy, miss, keep. Please stop smoking in the house. / I like reading in the forest. / Do you mind my opening the windows? 4）动名词作定语 She is studying in the reading room. / He slept in the sleeping bag. （动名词的否定形式：not + 动名词） He pretend not knowing it at all. 他假装全然不知。/ We considered not doing it now. 我们考虑现在不做这件事。 动名词的被动形式：当动名词和它的逻辑主语是被动关系时，用动名词的被动形式来表示。）His being looked down upon made him sick. / I can't really stand being treated like that.
初中动词不定式和动名词用法总结 一、接不定式（而不接动名词）作宾语的常用动词 afford to do sth. 负担得起做某事agree to do sth. 同意做某事 ask to do sth. 要求做某事beg to do sth. 请求做某事 choose to do sth. 决定做某事decide to do sth. 决定做某事 help to do sth. 帮助做某事hope to do sth. 希望做某事 manage to do sth. 设法做某事offer to do sth. 主动提出做某事 prepare to do sth. 准备做某事pretend to do sth. 假装做某事 refuse to do sth. 拒绝做某事want to do sth. 想要做某事 fail to do sth. 未能做某事learn to do sth. 学习做某事 happen to do sth. 碰巧做某事expect to do sth. 期待做某事 plan to do sth. 计划做某事promise to do sth. 答应做某事 wish to do sth. 希望做某事 二、接不定式作宾补的常用动词 advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事ask sb. to do sth. 请（叫）某人做某事get sb. to do sth. 使（要）某人做某事beg sb. to do sth. 请求某人做某事cause sb. to do sth. 导致某人做某事encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事help sb. to do sth. 帮助某人做某事like sb. to do sth. 喜欢某人做某事expect sb. to do sth. 期望某人做某事wish sb. to do sth. 希望某人做某事force sb. to do sth. 强迫某人做某事 tell sb. to do sth. 告诉某人做某事train sb. to do sth. 训练某人做某事teach sb. to do sth. 教某人做某事trouble sb. to do sth. 麻烦某人做某事want sb. to do sth. 想要某人做某事warn sb. to do sth. 警告某人做某事hate sb. to do sth. 讨厌某人做某事invite sb. to do sth. 邀请某人做某事leave sb. to do sth. 留下某人做某事mean sb. to do sth. 打算要某人做某事need sb. to do sth. 需要某人做某事order sb. to do sth.命令某人做某事permit sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事persuade sb. to do sth. 说服某人做某事prefer sb. to do sth. 宁愿某人做某事request sb. to do sth. 要求某人做某事remind sb. to do sth. 提醒某人做某事trouble sb. to do sth. 麻烦某人做某事warn sb. to do sth. 警告某人做某事 三、接动名词（不接不定式）作宾语的常用动词 advise doing sth. 建议做某事allow doing sth. 允许做某事 avoid doing sth. 避免做某事consider doing sth. 考虑做某事 discuss doing sth. 讨论做某事dislike doing sth. 不喜欢做某事 enjoy doing sth. 喜爱做某事excuse doing sth. 原谅做某事 finish doing sth. 完成做某事give up doing sth. 放弃做某事 imagine doing sth. 想象做某事keep doing sth. 保持做某事 mention doing sth. 提及做某事mind doing sth. 介意做某事 miss doing sth. 错过做某事practice doing sth. 练习做某事 prevent doing sth. 阻止做某事put off doing sth. 推迟做某事 stop doing sth. 停止做某事suggest doing sth. 建议做某事
动名词作主语和动词不定式做主语的区别？ 动词不定式与动名词的区别：）to+V放句首为动词不定式，用法与V+ing差不多，多用于 后面所说的事情还没有发生。例：To be a author is my dream. V+i ng 放句首是动名词，其 相当于名词，例：Doi ng lots of exercise is good for health. 一般来讲，to+ v.表主动，表 将来，表一次行动作。-ing表主动，表进行。动词不定式与动名词的一些用法：）不定 式与动名词都可以在句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语，但用法不尽相同。 1 ?作主语一般情 况下，不定式与动名词作主语可以互换，也常常可以用it充当形式主语，而把不定式和动名词放在句子的后半部分。但二者也有区别，不定式常常指某次具体的、将要发生的行为；而动名 词则表示一般的、抽象的行为。例如：To save money now is not easy. 现在攒钱不容易。 Savi ng mo ney is a good habit. 攒钱是个好习惯。 2 .作定语不定式多为后置定语，动名词 多为前置定语；不定式多表示将来的动作，动名词只能表示事物的属性、用途等。例如：He is look ing for a room to live in. 他正在找一间房子去住。Take these sleep ing pills and you\'ll sleep better.吃了这种安眠药，你会睡得更好。3 .作宾语：有些动词后只能跟不定式作宾语,不能跟动名词作宾语；有些动词后常跟动名词作宾语，不能跟不定式作宾语；有些动词后跟不定式和动名词作宾语皆可， 1、动名词做主语往往表示普通的、一般的行为，不定式做主语常表示某次具体的行为。例女口： Collect ing in formation about childre n ' s health is his jc收集有关儿童健康的信息是他的工作。It ' s necessry to discuss the problem with an experieneed teacher. 与一位有经验的老师讨论这个问题是有必要的。2、常用不定式做主语的句型有： （1） It ' s difficult （important，necessary） for sb. to do （2）It ' s kind （good，friendly，polite， careless，rude，cruel，clever，foolish，brave） of sb. to do. 3 、常用动名词做主语的句型 有: It ' s no good （use，fun） doing. It ' s （a） waste of time one 另：1）s动o名词作主语通常表示抽象动作；而不定式作主语表示具体动作。Smoking is prohibited（禁止）here .这里禁止抽烟。（抽象）It is not very good for you to smoke so much .你抽这么多烟对你身体很不好。（具体）（2）动名词作主语时，通常用以表示一件已知的事或经验。 不定式短语通常用来表示一件未完成的事或目的。Climb ing mou ntai ns is interesting .爬山很有趣。（经验）Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring .在高峰时刻开车令人厌烦。（经验）（3 ）不定式做主语，一般用it当形式主语，把作主语的不定式短语后置。It took me only five minu tes to finish the job. I .动名词和不定式做主语的相同点 1. 不定式短语和动名词做主语时，常常为了保持句子的平衡，用it来做形式主语，如： It is not easy to learn English well. It is no use asking him for help. 2. 如果主语用了不定式，表语和宾语也要用不定式；主语用了动名词，表语和宾语也要用动名词，这在英语中称为对称性，如：
初中英语动词不定式及动名词总结（八年级） 一、后跟动词不定式结构 1.agree to do sth 同意做… 2.decide to do sth 决定做… 3.hope to do sth 希望… 4.need to do sth需要… 5.offer to do sth 主动… 6.plan to do sth计划… 7.can’t wait to do 迫不及待…8.continue to do sth继续… 9.try (one’s best) to do 尽力…https://www.doczj.com/doc/5716476649.html,ed to do sth过去常常… 11.feel lucky to do sth 做某事很幸运12.ask sb to do sth叫某人做 13.want （sb）to do sth 想要（某人）…would like 14.encourage sb to do sth鼓励某人做… 15.allow sb to do sth 允许某人做… 16.remind sb to do sth 提醒某人做… 17.send sb to do sth 派某人做… 18.It’s +形+for sb +to do sth 做某事对某人来说怎么样 19.It takes sb some time to do sth 做某事花费某人多长时间 20. too+形+to do 太…而不能… 21. 形+enough + to do 足够…可以做… 22.不定式可以作表语 My job\dream is to do 23.不定式可以作定语a good way\place to do sth 做某事的好方法 24. 不定式可以表目的 To get good grades, I must study hard 二、后跟动名词形式
动名词作主语和动词不定式做主语的区别? 动词不定式与动名词的区别：）to+V 放句首为动词不定式，用法与V+ing差不多，多用于后面所说的事情还没有发生。例：To be a author is my dream. V+ing 放句首是动名词，其相当于名词，例：Doing lots of exercise is good for health. 一般来讲，to+ v. 表主动，表将来，表一次行动作。-ing 表主动，表进行。动词不定式与动名词的一些用法：）不定式与动名词都可以在句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语,但用法不尽相同。1．作主语一般情况下,不定式与动名词作主语可以互换,也常常可以用it充当形式主语,而把不定式和动名词放在句子的后半部分。但二者也有区别,不定式常常指某次具体的、将要发生的行为;而动名词则表示一般的、抽象的行为。例如: To save money now is not easy. 现在攒钱不容易。Saving money is a good habit. 攒钱是个好习惯。2．作定语不定式多为后置定语,动名词多为前置定语;不定式多表示将来的动作,动名词只能表示事物的属性、用途等。例如: He is looking for a room to live in.他正在找一间房子去住。Take these sleeping pills and you\'ll sleep better. 吃了这种安眠药,你会睡得更好。3．作宾语：有些动词后只能跟不定式作宾语,不能跟动名词作宾语;有些动词后常跟动名词作宾语,不能跟不定式作宾语;有些动词后跟不定式和动名词作宾语皆可, 1、动名词做主语往往表示普通的、一般的行为，不定式做主语常表示某次具体的行为。例 如：Collecting inform ation about children’s health is his job. 收集有关儿童健康的信息是他的工作。It’s necessary to discuss the problem with an experienced teacher. 与一位有经验的老师讨论这个问题是有必要的。2、常用不定式做主语的句型有：（1）It’s difficult (important, necessary) for sb. to do （2）It’s kind (good, friendly, polite, careless, rude, cruel, clever, foolish, brave) of sb. to do. 3、常用动名词做主语的句型有：It’s no good (use, fun) doing. It’s (a) waste of time one’s doing.另:1)动名词作主语通常表示抽象动作；而不定式作主语表示具体动作。Smoking is prohibited(禁止)here．这里禁止抽烟。(抽象) It is not very good for you to smoke so much．你抽这么多烟对你身体很不好。(具体) (2)动名词作主语时，通常用以表示一件已知的事或经验。 不定式短语通常用来表示一件未完成的事或目的。Climbing mountains is interesting．爬山很有趣。(经验) Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring．在高峰时刻开车令人厌烦。(经验) (3）不定式做主语，一般用it当形式主语，把作主语的不定式短语后置。It took me only five minutes to finish the job. Ⅰ.动名词和不定式做主语的相同点 1.不定式短语和动名词做主语时，常常为了保持句子的平衡，用it来做形式主语，如： It is not easy to learn English well. It is no use asking him for help. 2.如果主语用了不定式,表语和宾语也要用不定式;主语用了动名词,表语和宾语也要用动名词,这在英语中称为对称性,如: To see is to believe. = Seeing is believing. (眼见为实) It is better to stay home than _A__ out. A. to go B. going C. go D. gone
不定式、动名词专项练习 一、单项选择： 1.Would you please tell me _______ next? A.A. how to do B. what to do C. what do I do D. how I should do 2.The girl wasn't _______ to lift that bookcase. A.A. too strong B. enough strong C. strong enough D. so strong 3.For a time his grandmother found _______ accept his new idea. A.A. hard B. it hard C. it hard to D. it is hard to 4.As she has never been there before, I'll have someone _______ her the way. A.A. show B. to show C. showing D. showed 5.You _______ drive slowly. The roads are wet. A.A. had rather B. would rather C. had better D. would better 6.Nothing can make the brave soldier _______ his country. A.turn against B. to turn against C. to turn to D. turn to 7.In the old days it was difficult for the poor _______ a job. A.A. find B. to find C. look D. to look for 8.When learning a foreign language, try our best _______ the spirit of it. A.A. master B. hold C. take hold of D. to master 9.It was foolish _______ his car unlocked. A.for him to leave B. of him to leave C. for him leave D. him to leave 10.Remember _______ the newspaper when you have finished it. A. putting back B. put back C. to put back D. will put back 11.Napoleon spoke so loudly as to _______ in front of his soldiers. A. hear B. be heard C. listen D. be listened to 12.Television and radio _______ to know what is going on all over the world. A. made it possible of us B. have made us possible C. have made it possible for us D. have made it be possible for us 13..I have enjoyed my visit here. I'll be very sorry _______. A. for leaving B. to leave C. if leaving D. to have left 14.I don't see how I could possible manage _______ the work without _______. A. to finish; helping B. to finish; being helped C. finishing; helping D. finishing; being helped 15.We all think it most foolish _______ this mistake. A. for you making B. of you to make C. you to make D. for you to make 16.Because of air pollution being greatly reduced, this city is still _______. A. a good place which to be lived in B. a good place to live C. a good place to live in D. a good place to live for 17.— You were lost on your way to the lake, weren't you? —Yes, we were and had to stop _______ the way.
初中不定式和动名词 一、动词不定式：构成：to + 动词原形 1. 下列动词只能接不定式作： want 想要, agree 同意, choose 选择, decide 决定, expect 期望, hope 希望, earn 学会, need 必要, offer 提供, prefer 宁愿, +to do promise保证, plan 计划refuse 拒绝, wish 希望, would like想要 2. 下列动词只能接动名词（即动词+ing） Enjoy; mind; practice; finish；suggest ;deny; admit ; keep; spend; feel like + doing sth. enjoy doing sth., 喜欢做某事mind doing sth. 介意做某事, practice doing sth. 练习做某事finish doing sth. 做完某事 feel like doing sth. 想要做某事keep doing sth. 坚持做某事 have fun doing sth. 尽情做某事suggest doing sth.建议做某事 deny doing sth. 否认做某事admit doing sth.承认做某事 be/get used to doing sth. 习惯做某事look forward to doing sth. 盼望做某事 spend…(in) doing sth. 花费时间做某事can’t help doing sth. 情不自禁做某事 be busy doing sth 忙于做某事be worth doing sth 值得做某事 prefer doing sth. to doing sth 与…相比更喜欢做某事pay attention to doing sth. 注意做某事3．有些动词后面既可接不定式，也可接动名词，意思相同。如： begin/start to do sth.= begin/start doing sth开始做某事, like/love to do sth= like / love doing sth. 喜欢做某事; hate to do sth. =hate doing sth.憎恨做某事 4. 有些动词后接不定式或名词时，意思不同。如： 1）remember doing sth. 记得作过某事（某事已做过） remember to so sth.记住去做某事（某事还没做） 2）forget doing sth. 忘了作过某事（某事已做过） forget to do sth. 忘了去做某事（某事还没做） 3）try to do sth.=do one’s best to do sth. 尽力去做某事 try doing sth. 尝试做某事 4）stop doing sth. 停止做某事（停止正在做的事） stop to do sth.停下来做某事（停止的事去做另外的事） 5）go on doing sth. 继续做某事（同一件事） go on to do sth. 接着去做某事（不同的事） 5.下列动词跟动词不定式充当宾语补足语：vt.+sb. to do sth. vt.+ sb.+not to do sth. Want/ask/ tell /order/ allow/ wish/beg/advise / call /invite +sb. to do sth. She told me to buy a ticket.她让我去买张票 My mother often tells me not to go out at night. 6.help 后的不定式可带to, 也可不带to The teachers helped the students (to) learn English well. 那些老师帮助学生学好英语。 He often helps his mother (to) tidy up the room.他经常帮助他妈妈整理房间。
初中英语语法动词不定式讲解 动词不定式 不定式：to + 动词原形 知识梳理：提纲挈领，抓住重点和难点！ 动词不定式的基本形式是"to + 动词原形"，有时可以不带to。动词不定式（或不定式短语）没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能作谓语。动词不定式仍可保留动词的特点，即可以有自己的宾语和状语。动词不定式同它的宾语或状语构成不定式短语。如：to read the newspaper, to speak at the meeting 等 动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，因此在句子中可以作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语： 句法作用例句 作宾语She wanted to borrowed my radio. They began to read and write. 作状语She went to see her grandma last Sunday . He came to give us a talk yesterday. 作宾语补足语Lucy asked him to turn off the radio. She asked me to speak more loudly Jim told Ling Feng to go home at once . The father made his son study hard. 作定语Have you got anything to say? I had something to eat this morning . 作主语To learn a foreign language is not easy. 注：作主语用的动词不定式常常为it替代，动词不定式（或短语）放在后面。例如： It is not easy to learn a foreign language. It took us three days to do the work. 动词不定式的否定形式由"not+动词不定式"构成. 如:
常见动词不定式词组、句型用法总结 .固定用法(非谓语动词)：以下是带to的动词不定式常见搭配 ★希望做某事hope to do sth. ★决定做某事decide to do sth. ★同意做某事agree to do sth. ★需要某人做某事need to do sth. ★使用某物做某事use sth to do sth ★迫不及待做某事can’t wait to do ★准备做某事get/be ready to do ★尽力/努力做某事try to do sth ★计划做某事plan to do sth. ★不得不have to do sth ★轮流做某事take one’s turns to do sth. ★拒绝做某事refuse to do sth. ★告诉某人做某事tell sb. to do sth. ★请某人做某事ask sb. to do sth. ★希望某人做某事wish sb. to do sth. ★想要某人做某事want /would like sb.to do sth. ★同意某人做某事agree sb. to do sth. ★教某人做某事teach sb.to do sth. ★喜欢/想要某人做某事like sb.to do sth. ★帮助某人做某事help sb. to do sth/help sb.do ★鼓励某人做某事encourage sb to do ★It’s one’s turn to do sth. 轮到某人做某事 例句:It your turn to clean the blackboard. ★It’s time(for sb.) to do sth.是某人做某事时候了 例句:It’s time for me to go home. ★It’s +adj. for/of sb. to do sth. 对于某人来说做某事是…… （当adj.是表示性格、品德的形容词时用of） 例句: It is easy for me to learn it well. It is very kind/foolish/nice of you to do so. ★It takes sb. sometime to do sth. 某人做某事花了某时间 例句: 1.It takes me an hour to get to school by bike. 2.It took me an hour to watch TV last night. 3.It will take her two weeks to finish the work. ★too+adj./adv. to do sth. 太…..而不能 例: He was to angry to say a word. ★find/ think/ feel it +adj. to do sth.发现/认为/感到做某事是… 例: I find/think/feel it hard to learn English well. ★序数词+to do 第…..个做某事例句:Who is the first to get there? ★我不知/忘记了怎么办。I didn't know/forgot what to do. 以下是不带to的动词不定式(即动词原形)的常见用法 ★let sb. do sth让某人做某事★make do sth使得某人做某事 ★hear sb.do sth do sth听见某人做某事★see sb. do sth do sth看见某人做某事 ★why not 或why don’t you +动词原形？为什么不….?（表示建议） 例:Why not/Why don’t you take a walk? ★某人+had better( not)do 某人最好(不)做某事 ★情态动词can/may /must /should+ 动词原形（包括情态动词的否定形式+动词原形）