阅读理解
Passage 1
There are stories about two U．S . presidents，Andrew Jackson and Martin Van Buren，which attempt to explain the American English term OK．We don?t know if either story is true，but they are both interesting．The first explanation is based on the fact that President Jackson had very little education．In fact，he had difficulty reading and writing．When important papers came to Jackson，he tried to read them and then had his assistants explain what they said．If he approved of a paper．he would write“all correct”on it．The problem was that he didn?t know how to spell．So what he really wrote was“ol korekt”．After a while，he shortened that term to“OK”．
The second explanation is based on the place where President Van Buren was born，Kinderhook，New York．Van Bnren?s friends organized a club to help him become President They caned the club the Old Kinderhook Club，and anyone who supported Van Buren was called“OK”．
Passage 1
这里要讲述Andrew Jackson和Martin Van Buren这2届美国总统的小故事。这2个小故事也许可以解释美语中OK一词的来历。故事的真实性我们不得而知，不过内容却很有意思。
第一个解释来源于总统Andrew Jackson的故事。Andrew Jackson几乎没有受到过什么教育，事实上，他对于日常的读写都有困难。当收到重要文件的时候，在尝试阅读之后，还是让他的助手帮忙解释文件的内容。如果批准一份文件，Andrew Jackson就在上面写“all correct”。麻烦的是，他不知道怎么这2个单词怎么拼写，因此，实际上他在文件上写的是“ol korekt”。过了不久，他又把这2个单词缩写为“OK”。
第二个解释来源于总统Martin Van Buren的家乡的名字——纽约的Kinderhook。为了帮助Van Buren成为总统，他的朋友为此组织了一个社团。他们把这个社团叫做Old Kinderhook Club，社团中支持Van Buren的人都被称为“OK”
31．The author C
A. believes both of the stories B．doesn?t believe a word of the stories
C．is not sure whether the stories are true D. is telling the stories just for fun
32. According to the passage，President Jackson D _
A．couldn?t draw up any documents at all B. didn?t like to read important papers by himself C．often had his assistants sign documents for him D .wasn?t good at reading，writing or spelling 33．According to the first story, the term “OK” C
A. was approved of by President Jackson B．was the title of some Official documents
C．was first used by President Jackson D．was an old way to spell“all correct’’
34 .According to the second story，the term‘‘OK” D
A．was the short way to say‘‘old Kinderhook Club”B．meant the place where President Van Buren was born
C．was the name of Van Buren?s club D．was used to call Van Buren?s supporters in the election
35．According to the second story．the term“OK”was first used _B_
A．by Van Buren B．in a presidential election
C．to organize the Old Kinderhook Club D．by the members of the‘‘Old Kinderhook Club”
Passage 2
Although the United States covers so much land and the land produces far more food than the present population needs，its people are by now almost entirely an urban society Less than a tenth of the people are engaged in agriculture and forestry(林业)，and most of the rest live in or around towns，small and large．Here the traditional picture is changing：every small town may still be very like other small towns，and the typical small town may represent a widely accepted view of the country，but most Americans do not live in small towns any more．Half the population now lives in some thirty metropolitan areas(1arge cities with their suburbs、of more than a million people each—a larger proportion than in Germany or England，let alone France．The statistics(统计)of urban and rural population should be treated with caution because so many people who live in areas classified as rural travel by car to work in a nearby town each day．As the rush to live out of town continues．rural areas within reach of towns are gradually filled with houses，so that it is hard to say at what moment a piece of country becomes a suburb But more and more the typical American lives in a metropolitan rather than a small town environment．
Passage 2
尽管美国幅员辽阔，而且土地所产出的粮食远远超过现有人口的需求，现今的美国却几乎完全是个都市化的国家。不足十分之一的人口在从事农业和林业，而剩余的大多数人都居住在大大小小的城镇中或者城镇的周围。传统的景象在这里不断发生着变化：小的城镇之间仍然彼此十分相似，典型的小城镇还是呈现出大家心目中的乡村的风貌；但是大部分的美国人却不再住在小城镇了。现在半数的人口都在大约30几个大都市地区（包括附近郊区的大型城市）——这种大都市地区的人口都在百万以上，总的都市人口数量远远超过德国和英国，更不用说法国了。城市和乡村的人口统计需要特别对待，因为我们所谓的住在乡村的人们，每天都会开车前往附近的城镇工作。当远离城镇居住的热潮持续的情况下，城镇周围的乡村地区逐渐盖满了房屋。那么说不定什么时候，一块乡村的地区就变成了城市的郊区。不过，典型的美国人还是越来越趋向于居住在大都市而不是小城镇的环境中。
36．If now America has 250 million people．how many of them are engaged in agriculture and forestry? ( C )
A．About 25 million．B．More than 25 million．
C．Less than 25 million． D. Less than 225 million
37．Which of the following four countries has the smallest proportion of people living in metropolitan areas? ( C )
A．United States．B．Germany．C．France．D．England．
38．What’s the meaning of the word“metropolitan”in the middle of the passage? (A)
A .Of a large city with its suburbs．B．Of small and large towns．
C．Of urban areas．D．Of rural areas．
39．According to the passage，what can we learn about small towns in the United States?(B)
A Most small towns become gradually crowded B．Small towns are still similar to each other．
C．As the traditional picture is changing，towns are different． D .Small towns are turning into large cities
40．Why is it hard to say when a piece of country becomes a suburb?( C )
A．Because they are the same．B．Because the rush takes place too quickly
C．Because the process is gradual．D．Because more and more Americans live in metropolitan
areas．
Passage 3
If we were asked exactly what we were doing a year ago，we should probably have to say that we could not remember But if we had kept a book and had written in it an account of what we did each day，we should be able to give an answer to the question.
It is the same in history Many things have been forgotten because we do not have any written account of them Sometimes men did keep a record of the most important happenings in their country，but often it was destroyed by fire or in a war．Sometimes there was never any written record at all because the people of that time and place did not know how to Write．For example，we know a good deal about the people who lived in China 4，000 years ago, because they could write and leave written records for those who lived after them．But we know almost nothing about the people who lived even 200 years ago in central Africa．because they had not learned to write．
Sometimes．of course，even if the people cannot write，they may know something of the past．They have heard about it from older people，and often songs and dances and stories have been made about the most important happenings，and these have been sung and acted and told for many generations For most people are proud to tell what their fathers did in the past．This we may call ?remembered history’．Some of it has now been written down. It is not so exact or so valuable to us as written history is，because words are much more easily changed when used again and again in speech than when copied in writing．But where there are no written records，such spoken stories are often very helpful．
Passage 3
当我们被问起准确的说书一年之前的这个时候我们正在做什么，我们可能不得不承认记不得了。但是，如果我们有个册子，上面记录了每天我们做过什么的话，这个问题就不难给出答案了。
对于历史的记录也是如此。许多事情由于没有任何书面的记录而被人遗忘。有时也有人会对于他们国家发生的重要事件进行记录，但是这些记录往往毁于火灾或者战乱。有时也因为那个地方或那个时代的人不会写字，而根本不会有书面记录的存在。譬如说，因为中国4千年前的古人会写字而且给后人留下了很多文献，所以我们对那个时代的中国人十分了解；但是对于甚至2百年前的中非人，由于他们不会写字，而使我们对其几乎一无所知。
当然了，有的时候就算人们不会写字，对于过去的历史也会多少有些了解。也许是从老一辈的那里听说的，或者从一些由重大事件编出的歌曲和舞蹈中了解的——这些传说和歌舞是从很多辈人流传下来的。很多人都喜欢夸耀他们的父辈在过去的丰功伟绩，我们把这个叫做“remembered history”（记忆中的历史）。现在一些记忆中的历史已经变成了文字而保留了下来。由于反复经过口头传送的历史远比书面记录的历史变化大，这种历史不如书面历史那么精确和有价值。但是，在没有书面历史存在的时候，这种口头流传的故事就很有帮助了。
41. Which of the following ideas is not suggested in the passage?(D )
A．“Remembered history”，compared with written history，is less reliable
B．Written records of the past play the most important role in our learning of the human history．C．A written account of our daily activities helps US to be able to answer many questions．
D．Where there are no written records．there is no history．
42．We know very little about the central Africa 200 years ago because _D__
A．there was nothing worth being written down at that time
B .the people there ignored the importance of keeping a record
C．the written records were perhaps destroyed by a fire
D．the people there did not know how to write
43．“Remembered history”refers to _D__．
A．history based on a person?s imagination
B .stories of important happenings passed down from mouth to mouth
C .songs and dances about the most important events
D .both B and C
44．“Remembered history”is regarded as valuable only when __B___.
A. it is written down B .no written account is available
C．it proves to be time D．people are interested in it
45 .The passage suggests that we could have learned much more about our past than we
do now if the ancient people had _A____
A．kept a written record of every past event B. not burnt their written records in wars
C．told exact stories of the most important happenings D．made more songs and dances
Passage 1
When Mrs．Joseph Groeger died recently in Vienna，Austria，people asked the obvious，“Why did she live to be 107?”Answers were provided by a survey conducte d among 148 Viennese men and women who had reached the age of 100．Somewhat surprising was the fact that the majority had lived most of their lives in cities．In spite of the city’s image as an unhealthy place，city living often provides benefits that country living can lack．One factor seems to be important to the longevity(长寿)of those interviewed．This factor is exercise．in the cities it is often faster to walk short distances than to wait for a bus．Even taking public transportation often requires some walking．Smaller apartment houses have no elevators(电梯)，and so people must climb stairs．City people can usually walk to local supermarkets Since parking spaces are hard to find，there is often no alternative to walking．
On the other hand，those who live in the country and suburbs do not have to walk every day．In fact，the opposite is often true．To go to school，work，or almost anywhere else，they must ride in cars．Passage 1
在奥地利的维也纳，最近当一位名为Joseph Groeger的老妇人过世的时候，人们忍不住要问：“为什么她可以活到107岁呢？”当对148个100岁以上的维也纳人进行调查之后，我们得出了答案。有点让人惊讶的是，这些人中的多数人都大部分的人生都是在都市生活的。尽管城市给我们的印象一直都是不利于健康的，但是城市生活往往提供一些乡村缺乏的便利。其中有一个就是这些被调查者长寿的重要因素。
这个因素就是锻炼。在城市，对于比较短的路程，往往走路比你等着坐公车去更快捷。就算去搭乘一些公共交通工具也经常要走一段路程。较小的公寓一般没有电梯，人们就不得不爬楼。城市人还经常步行去附近的超市买东西。在停车位如此难找的情况下，往往没有别的选择只有步行。
另一方面，那些住在乡村和郊区的人反而无需每天走路。事实上，他们每天都乘坐交通工具，去上学，去上班，或者去其他任何地方，都必须开车前往。
Passage 1
在奥地利的维也纳，最近当一位名为Joseph Groeger的老妇人过世的时候，人们忍不住要问：“为什么她可以活到107岁呢？”当对148个100岁以上的维也纳人进行调查之后，我们得出了答案。有点让人惊讶的是，这些人中的多数人都大部分的人生都是在都市生活的。尽管城市给我们的印象
一直都是不利于健康的，但是城市生活往往提供一些乡村缺乏的便利。其中有一个就是这些被调查者长寿的重要因素。
这个因素就是锻炼。在城市，对于比较短的路程，往往走路比你等着坐公车去更快捷。就算去搭乘一些公共交通工具也经常要走一段路程。较小的公寓一般没有电梯，人们就不得不爬楼。城市人还经常步行去附近的超市买东西。在停车位如此难找的情况下，往往没有别的选择只有步行。
另一方面，那些住在乡村和郊区的人反而无需每天走路。事实上，他们每天都乘坐交通工具，去上学，去上班，或者去其他任何地方，都必须开车前往。
31．The Vienna survey may help to explain ___C__
A．the complaints of people in apartment houses B．the cause of Mrs Groeger?s death
C．the longevity of people like Mrs．Groeger D. the image of cities in general
32．The purpose of the second paragraph is to list some __B___
A．benefits of walking B．occasions for walking in city life
C. comments made by city people D．problems of city living
33．To reach the third floor of a building．it would probably be most healthful _B_
A. to take the elevator B．to walk up the stairs C．to ride in a car D．to find an alternative to walking
34．People who live in the country probably do more driving than walking because _A_
A．they don?t live near business areas B. they don?t need the exercise
C．they never have parking problems D．they can’t afford to take the bus
35．A conclusion that can be drawn from this passage is that _D___
A．air pollution is not serious B．anyone can live to be 107
C．country people should move to the city D．walking is a healthful exercise
Passage 2
For any Englishman，there can never be any discussion as to who is the world?s greatest dramatist(剧作家)．Only one name can possibly suggest itself to him：that of William Shakespeare Every Englishman has some knowledge，however slight，of the work of our greatest writer．All of US use words，phrases and quotations from Shakespeare?s writings that have become part of the common property of the English-speaking people．Most of the time we are probably unaware of the source of the words we used，rather like the old lady who was taken to see a performance of Hamlet and complained that it was full of well—known proverbs and quotations．
Shakespeare，more perhaps than any other writer，makes full use of the great resources of the English language．Most of US use about five thousand words in our normal use of English；Shakespeare in his works used about twenty-five thousand．
There is probably no better way for a foreigner to appreciate the richness and variety of the English language than by studying the various ways in which Shakespeare used it．Such a study is well worth the effort(it is not，of course，recommended to beginners)even though some aspects of English usage，and the meaning of many words，have changed since Shakespeare?s day．
Passage 2
当提及谁是世界上最伟大的剧作家，对于每个英国人来说，答案都毫无疑义。只有一个名字值得这个称号——莎士比亚。对于我们这个最伟大的剧作家，每个英国人都有些了解，即使很少。从莎翁的剧作中我们拿来使用的单词，习语和引用，已经变成了英语使用者的通用词库中的一部分。很多
时候我们可能不知道自己使用的词语的来源，就好像一个去看过哈姆雷特的老妪回来之后抱怨剧中充满了大家都知道的谚语和引用语。
莎翁与其它作者相比，更充分的利用了英语语言这一资源。大多数的人日常使用不过5000英语词汇而已，但是莎翁在他的作品中使用了2万5千左右的词汇。
对于一个外国人来说，研读莎翁对英语丰富多彩的使用方法是欣赏英语丰富性和多样性最好的手段。虽说从莎翁的年代至今，一些英语的用法，许多单词的意义发生了变化，但是对莎翁作品的研究是十分有意义的。（当然，对于初学英语的人不太推荐。）
36. English people __C____
A．have never discussed who is the world?s greatest dramatist
B．never discuss any issue concerning the world?s greatest dramatist
C．are sure who is the world?s greatest dramatist
D．do not care who is the world?s greatest poet and dramatist
37．Every Englishman knows __A____
A．more or less about Shakespeare B．Shakespeare，but only slightly
C．all Shakespeare?s writings D．only the name of the greatest English writer
38．Which of the following is true? C
A．We use all the words，phrases and quotations from Shakespeare?S writings．
B．Shakespeare?s writings have become the property of those who are learning to speak English．
C．It is likely to be true that people often do not know the origins of the words they use
D All the words people use are taken from the writings of Shakespeare
39．What does the word “proverb” mean? A
A．Familiar sayings B．Shakespeare?s plays．C．Complaints．D．Actors and actresses．40．Why is it worthwhile to study the various ways in which Shakespeare used English? B
A．English words have changed a lot since Shakespeare’S time．
B．By doing SO one can be fully aware of the richness of the English language
C. English words are now being used in the same way as in Shakespeare?s time
D. Beginners may have difficulty learning some aspects of English usage
Passage 3
Trees are useful to man in three very important ways：they provide him wood and other products；they give him shade；and they help to prevent drought(干旱)and floods．
Unfortunately，in many parts of the world，man has not realized that the third of these services is the most important．In his eagerness to draw quick profit from the trees，he has cut them down in large numbers Two thousand years ago，a rich and powerful country cut down its trees to build warships，with which to gain itself an empire It gained the empire but，without its trees，its soil became bare and poor．When the empire fell to pieces，the country found itself faced by floods and starvation．
Even where a government realizes the importance of a plentiful supply of trees，it is difficult sometimes to make the people realize this．They cut down the trees but are too careless to plant and look after new trees So，unless the government has a good system of control，or can educate the people，the forests slowly disappear
This does not only mean that there will be fewer trees．The results are even more serious：for where
there are trees，their roots break the soil up，allowing the rain to sink in，and also bind the soil．This prevents the soil from being washed away．But where there are no trees，the rainfalls on hard ground and flows away on the surface，and this causes floods and the rain carries away the rich topsoil in which crops grow When a11 the topsoil is gone．nothing remains but worthless desert．
Passage 3
树木对于人来说有3个重要益处：树木给人类提供木材和其他产物；树木可以让人们乘凉；树木可有效地防止旱涝灾害。
可惜的是，在世界上许多地方，人类没有认识到以上三个作用中，第三个是最重要的。人们急切于从树木上快速的谋取利益，于是大量的砍伐森林。
两千年之前，有一个富裕和强大的国家。为了建立帝国，砍倒了树木来造战舰。帝国建立了，但是，没有树木的土地变得荒芜和贫瘠。当帝国四分五裂的时候，整个国家发觉自己面临的是水灾和饥荒。就算在政府认识到足够的树木储备的重要性时，有时却很难让人民也意识到这点。人们砍倒了树木，却疏于种植和照料树苗。因此，除非政府建立一套体制来控制或者教育人们，否则森林就会渐渐消失。
森林的消失不仅仅意味着树木的减少，还有更严重的后果。在有树的地方，树根不仅把土壤粉碎成小块，便于雨水的渗入，还可以牢牢的抓住泥土，防止泥土被冲刷走。但是在没有书的地方，雨水直接落在坚硬的地面，在土地表面流走。这不仅会导致洪水，雨水还会带走庄稼赖于生长的肥沃的表层土。当所有的表层土被冲走之后，除了毫无价值的沙漠之外，什么也没有了。
Passage 3
树木对于人来说有3个重要益处：树木给人类提供木材和其他产物；树木可以让人们乘凉；树木可有效地防止旱涝灾害。
可惜的是，在世界上许多地方，人类没有认识到以上三个作用中，第三个是最重要的。人们急切于从树木上快速的谋取利益，于是大量的砍伐森林。
两千年之前，有一个富裕和强大的国家。为了建立帝国，砍倒了树木来造战舰。帝国建立了，但是，没有树木的土地变得荒芜和贫瘠。当帝国四分五裂的时候，整个国家发觉自己面临的是水灾和饥荒。就算在政府认识到足够的树木储备的重要性时，有时却很难让人民也意识到这点。人们砍倒了树木，却疏于种植和照料树苗。因此，除非政府建立一套体制来控制或者教育人们，否则森林就会渐渐消失。
森林的消失不仅仅意味着树木的减少，还有更严重的后果。在有树的地方，树根不仅把土壤粉碎成小块，便于雨水的渗入，还可以牢牢的抓住泥土，防止泥土被冲刷走。但是在没有书的地方，雨水直接落在坚硬的地面，在土地表面流走。这不仅会导致洪水，雨水还会带走庄稼赖于生长的肥沃的表层土。当所有的表层土被冲走之后，除了毫无价值的沙漠之外，什么也没有了。
41．Trees are useful to man mainly in three ways，the most important of which is that they can __D__ A. keep him from the hot sunshine B．enable him to build warships
C．make him draw quick profit from them D .protect him from droughts and floods
42．It’s a great pity that _C___
A．man is only interested in building empires B．man is eager to profit from trees
C．man hasn?t realized the importance of trees to him D. man hasn?t found out that he has lost all trees 43．Sooner or later the forests will disappear __C____．
A. unless a country has a plenty supply of trees B．unless people stop cutting down their trees C．unless aIl people are taught the importance of planting trees
D．unless the government punishes those who cut trees instead of planting them
44．The word“bind”in Paragraph 5 means“__C___”
A．to wash away B．to make wet C．to make stay together D．to improve
45. When there is a heavy rain．trees can help to prevent floods．as they can. B
A．keep rain from falling down to soft ground B，cause the soil to allow rainwater to sink in C．prevent the soil from being washed away D .make the topsoil stick together
Passage 1
Dr．Harvey Gates，the noted scientist，might never have discovered the Kamron lizard(蜥蜴)in Blovia，if it had not been for a childhood accident As a boy，he was determined to become a baseball player，but when he broke his arm in practice at the age of fourteen and was forced to stay off the playing field for a while，he took notice of the natural world around him and liked what he saw
After he had recovered from his injury，he caught a squirrel(松鼠)and raised it as a pet．Soon he was bringing home snakes and other creatures from the woods near his school．
In 1962，he entered Blakeford College and majored in biology By 1966 he had received his Bachelor(学士)of Science degree and two years later at Drysdale University，he received his Doctor of Science degree．It was while he was doing field research for his doctoral studies in South America in 1967 that he discovered and named the Kamron lizard．This animal was different from others of its kind in that it had only four toes on its front feet．In other respects，it was similar to others of the same family It could change its color and go for long periods without food．
31．0f the four statements，which one best indicates the author?s idea? B
A．Dr．Gates is a scientist who can always attract the public attention to his research．B．Dr．Gates is a very famous scientist，though he wanted to be a sportsman at first
C Dr．Gates is a scientist who always carries a notebook with him wherever he Goes. D．Dr．Gates is very popular for his determination to become a baseball player
32 In the first paragraph of the passage．the phrase“in practice”means“_D___”
A．while doing some practical work B .while studying animals
C．while making up his mind to become a baseball player D．while playing baseball
33 In the second paragraph，the word“creatures”can best be replaced by
“___C___”，
A. people B things C．animals D. living things
34 It was __D__ that Dr Gates discovered the Kamron lizard．
A．after he had graduated from Drysdale University B．right after he had finished his study for the doctor?s degree
C．after he had received his highest degree D during the time when he was studying for the doctor?s degree
35 Which of the following is not mentioned as a feature of the Kamron lizard? C
A．It possesses four toes on its front feet．B．It can live a long while without eating
C．It may go for weeks without drinking．D．It is capable of changing colors．
Passage 2
I was due to take my driving test at 11：30 am．It was a rainy morning with low clouds and as I approached the driving school at 9：50 am，my heart sank．My driving instructor．Stan，said something，
trying to drive away my fears，but I was not impressed
We set off for the test centre with an hour to go I wanted a run round the test circuit (圈)，but we got stuck in a traffic jam，and could only drive no faster than walking.
We arrived at the test centre at 11 am．Stan made me watch a group of six learners emerging from the building with their respective(各自的)examiners．Their instructors were looking out from two windows．We watched them drive off They must have been feeling very nervous
Stan took me round the probable test track，pointing out the traps．The weather became even worse It seemed to make me feel worse too．I had developed a couldn?t-care-less mood，and was almost calm We returned to the test centre in time to see the six unfortunates returning．Their nerves must have been in a terrible state．
I sat in the waiting room until six examiners came in to call out our respective names．Mine showed no emotion as he asked me to go to my car I showed none either，but the tension began mounting again．36．On their way to the test center，Stan tried to comfort the author B
A．but it made the author’s heart sink deeper B. but the words produced no effect
C .so that the author could drive to the center with no fears D．so that they could prepare for all he flaps
37．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A
A．Six learners would be tested at the same time．B．The learners were tested in the presence of their instructors
C．None of the six learners passed the test in the end．D The instructors were as nervous as the learners 38．When the author was sitting in the waiting room，he was quite D
A．upset B．nervous C．frightened D．relaxed
39 When it was his turn to take the test，the author went to his car with C
A．firm confidence B mixed emotions C．increased nervousness D．perfect calmness 40．The passage is mainly about B
A．the influence of bad weather upon a test taker B the feelings of a learner before his driving test
C the preparations before a driving test D．an unforgettable day
Passage 3
The resources of the library can be helpful even when we are doing something very informal，such as trying to devise a better way to measure attitudes toward music or looking for a better way to teach mathematics The library can be equally helpful when we are doing something very formal，such as writing a dissertation(学位论文)or preparing an article for publication in a professional journal．In either case，our goal should be to use the library as a useful tool to help us understand and solve our problem The following sections of this chapter will describe specific resources available in many libraries．In some cases you may already be aware of a resource and may use it frequently and successfully．In other cases you may be completely unfamiliar with a resource．Your goal should be to become aware of what is available and to know how to use each of these resources to help you solve the problem they are designed to solve．
When educators have a piece of information that they want to share with their colleagues，they often make this information available in professional journals or at professional meetings It would often be useful to have access to such information，and this chapter will describe the special services that enable us to locate such information．
41 The library resources can be helpful when we __D___
A．want to find a better way to measure attitudes toward music B．are preparing a paper for a professional journal
C．are writing a dissertation D . A11 of the above
42．The familiarity of readers with different resources C
A .is more or less the same B．varies slightly C．differs greatly D．should not be different 43．The author believes that __D___
A . library resources should be used frequently and completely
B．1ibrary resources cannot be made good use of if they are not available to us
C．one is supposed to be aware of the library resources that are usually not available
D．one is supposed to have good knowledge and make good use of resources
44．When educators wish to share some information with their colleagues，they often A
A．publish it in a professional journal B．attend professional meetings
C．get access to it in the library D make use of some library services
45 The chapter in question C
A．mainly deals with the ways of dissertation writing
B . presents information on publishing papers in professional journals
C．introduces some library services
D．describes some professional meetings
Passage 1
Some of the notebooks George Washington kept as a young man are still in existence．They show that he was learning Latin，was very interested in the basics of good behavior in society，and was reading English literature．
At school he seems only to have been interested in mathematics．In fact，his formal education was surprisingly brief for a gentleman，and incomplete For unlike other young Virginian of that day，he did not go to the College of William and Mary in the Virginian capital of Williamsburg．In terms of formal training then，Washington contrasts sharply with some other early American Presidents such as John Adams，Thomas Jefferson and James Madison．In later years，Washington probably regretted his lack of intellectual training He never felt comfortable in a debate in Congress(国会)，or on any Subject that had not to do with everyday，practical matters And because he never learned French and could not speak directly to the French leaders，he did not visit the country he admired SO much．Thus，unlike Jefferson and Adams，he never reached Europe
Passage 1
George Washington 年轻时候的一些手札仍然保存完好。从这些手札中我们可以得知，当时的George Washington正在学习拉丁语言和阅读一些英国文学，并对基本的优雅社交行为深感兴趣。在学校的学习中，George Washington好像只喜欢数学这一科。实际上，他作为一个标准绅士的正式教育是不完整的，简直简短的令人惊讶。和当时弗吉尼亚州的年轻人不同，他没有去位于弗吉尼亚州府威廉堡的William and Mary 学院。那么在正式的训练方面，Washington和其他早期的美国总统——如John Adams, Thomas Jefferson 和James Madison就有着鲜明的对比。在后来的日子里，Washington大概对自己教育的缺乏感到后悔了。无论是对于国会的商讨活动，还是其他并不是每天都常见的问题，或者一些实践性的事物，Washington始终不能轻松应对。而且因为他从没学过法语，无法和法国的领导人直接交流，所以没能去访问这个他最向往的国家。因此，
和Jefferson还有Adams不同，他始终也没有访问过欧洲。
31．Why didn?t Washington go to college? D
A．His family could not afford it． B A college education was rather uncommon in his time．C．He didn?t like the young Virginian gentlemen D．The author doesn?t give any reason．32．Washington felt uncomfortable in Congress debates because he __B___
A．1acked practice in public speaking B．felt his education was not good enough C．didn?t like arguing and debating with people D felt that debating was like intellectual training
33 The reason why Washington didn?t visit France was probably that he __C___
A．didn?t really care about going B．didn?t know French 1eaders
C．couldn?t communicate directly with the French leaders D．was too busy to Navel
34 According to the author __A____
A Washington?s lack of formal education placed him at a disadvantage in later life
B．Washington should have gone to France even though he could not speak French
C．Washington was not as good a president as Adams，Jefferson or Madison
D Washington was a model for all Virginian gentlemen
35．The main idea of the passage is that Washington?s education __D___
A was of great variety，covering many Subjects
B was probably equal to those of most young gentlemen of his time
C．may seem poor by modern standards．but was good enough for his time
D was rather limited for a president
Passage 2
Like most people，1 was brought up to look upon life as a process of getting It was not until in my late thirties that 1 made this important discovery：giving-away makes life so much more exciting You need not worry if you lack money This is how 1 experimented with giving-away．If an idea for improving the window display of a neighborhood store flashes to me，I step in and make the suggestion to the storekeeper．One discovery I made about giving-away is that it is almost impossible to give away anything in this world without getting something back，though the return often comes in all unexpected form．One Sunday morning the local post office delivered an important special delivery letter to my home，though it was addressed to me at my Office．1 wrote the postmaster a note of appreciation More than a year later I needed a post—office box for a new business 1 was starting 1 was told at the window that there were no boxes left，and that my name would have to go on a long waiting list．As 1 was about to leave，the postmaster appeared in the doorway．He had overheard(无意中听到)our conversation．“Wasn?t it you that wrote US that letter a year ago about delivering a special delivery to your home?”I said yes“Well，you certainly are going to have a box in this post office if we have to make one for you．You don?t know what a letter like that means to us. We usually get nothing but complaints．’’
Passage 2
和大多数人一样，我从小被灌输的是生命是一个不断获取的过程。直到我30多岁快40的时候，有了这么一个重要的发现：给予使生命更加精彩。就算你没有钱也无需担忧做不到。我是这么尝试给予的。如果可以改善附近一家铺子橱窗摆设的好点子忽然闪现在我的脑海中，我会走进这间店铺，和店主说说的建议。对于给予我的一大发现是，付出总有回报，不过有的时候回报的形式是你始料未及的。、一个周日的早晨，当地的邮局往我家送了一封重要的特快专递，其实信封上写的是我办公
室的地址，信却被专门送到家里。为此我给邮政局长写了一封感谢信。一年多过去了，我由于新业务的开展去邮局申请新的邮箱。但是我被告知暂时没有多余的信箱了，要等的话也要排很长的名单才能轮到我。当我打算离开邮局的时候，无意中听到我们谈话的邮政局长出现在门口。他问我：“是不是你一年前写了封感谢我们特快专递服务的信啊？”我说是。他继续说：“你当然马上就能拥有一个信箱了，我们这就给你弄一个。你不了解这种感谢信对我们意义多么大。通常我们除了抱怨什么也得不到。”
36．From the passage，we understand that __A____
A the author did not understand the importance of giving until he was in late thirties
B．the author was like most people who were mostly receivers rather than givers
C．the author received the same education as most people during his childhood
D．the author liked most people as they looked upon life as a process of getting
37．According to the author __C___
A giving means you will lack money
B the excitement of giving can bring you money
C you don?t have to be rich in order to give D．when you give away money，you will be rich 38．The author would make the suggestion to the storekeeper _B__
A．in writing B．in person C in the window display D．about the neighborhood 39．When the author needed a post-office box，__C____
A．he had to put his name on a waiting list B he wrote the postmaster a note of appreciation C．many people had applied for post-office boxes before him D．he asked the postmaster to make one for him
40．In reply to the postmaster?s question．the author said __D____
A．it was the special delivery B．it was the post-office box
C．it was the note of appreciation he wrote D it was he who wrote him a letter a year ago
Passage 3
Children in the United States are exposed to many influences other than that of their families．Television is the most significant of these influences，because the habit of watching television usually begins before children start attending school．
Parents are concerned about the lack of quality in television programs for children．The degree of violence in many of these shows also worries them．Studies indicate that，when children are exposed to violence，they many become aggressive or insecure.
Parents are also concerned at，out the commercials that their children see on television．Many parents would like to see fewer commercials during programs for children．And some parents feel that these shows should not have any commercials at all because young minds are not mature enough to deal with the claims made by advertisers．
Educational television has no commercials and has programs for children that many parents approve of The most famous of these is Sesame Street，which tries to give preschool children a head start in learning the alphabet(字母)and numbers．It also flies to teach children useful things about the world in which they live．
Even though most parents and educators give Sesame Street and shows like it high marks for quality，some critics argue that all television，whether educational or not，is harmful to children．These critics feel that the habit of watching hours of television every day turns children into bored and passive(被动
的)consumers of their world rather than encouraging them to become active explorers of it．
Passage 3
现在的美国儿童与他们的父母不同，受到各个方面的影响。这些影响中最重要的是电视节目，因为常常在孩子们还没上学之间就养成了看电视的习惯了。
家长们对于儿童节目质量的低下很担忧。这些节目中出现的暴力的程度也烦恼着他们。研究显示，当儿童接触到暴力相关的节目，很多人会变得具有攻击性或者没有安全感。
家长们对于孩子们在电视上看到的广告同样也很担忧。在儿童节目的时间，家长建议减少广告的播出。一些家长甚至认为这种时间段的节目中根本不应该有广告，鉴于儿童的思想还不够成熟，不能对广告中的一些话语做出判断。
教育台没有广告，而且播出的儿童节目家长们都很赞赏。其中有个最有名的节目叫芝麻街，主要是给学龄前儿童关于数字和字母的启蒙教育，以及对他们所在的世界的一些有帮助的认识。
即便大多数的家长和教育者给与芝麻街，以及这类的节目很高的评价，一些评论家还是认为所有的电视节目，无论教育性与否，对于儿童都是有害的。他们认为每天看几个小时电视这种习惯让儿童变成世界消极无聊且被动的取食者，而不是鼓励儿童变成世界积极的探索者。
41．Which of the following statements is NOT based on the passage? C
A．Parents are worried about the influence from television on their children B Television has much influence on children
C Both parents and their children like watching educational television．
D．Some critics think that television is no good for children．
42．In what ways do children suffer from television? C
A．They become the victims of social violence B They spend hours watching television instead of doing school work
C The programs make the children lose interest in the world．
D The programs make the children spend too much of their parents? money
43．Parents would not like their children to see commercials because __A__
A．they think that their children ore not old enough to handle advertising B．commercials teach children alphabet and numbers
C．commercials help to sell products D．they don?t like commercials
44．Educational television is widely appreciated because C
A．it does have the same commercials as others B．it offers programs for both children and their parents C many parents like the programs it offers for their children D．children can learn some school subjects before they go to school
45．Which of the following can best serve as the title of the passage? C
A．Watching Too Much Television May Be Harmful to Young Minds B．Television Is More Harmful than Educational
C．Television?s Influence on Children D More Education Television
Passage 1
We can make mistakes at any age．Some mistakes we make are about money．But most mistakes are about people．“Did Jerry really care when I broke up with Helen?…‘When I got that great job，did Jerry really feel good about it，as a friend? Or did he envy my luck?”When we look back．doubts like these can make US feel bad．But when we look back．It?s too late
Why do we go wrong about our friends-or our enemies? Sometimes what people say hides their real meaning．And if we don?t really listen，we miss the feeling behind the words．Suppose someone tells you．‘‘you?re a lucky dog”．Is he really on your side? if he says．“You?re a lucky guy”or“You’re a lucky gal”．That?s being friendly．But“lucky dog”?There?s a bit of envy in those words Maybe he doesn?t see it himself．But bringing in the‘‘dog”bit puts you down a little．What he may be saying is that he doesn?t think you deserve your luck．
How can you tell the real meaning behind someone?s words? One way is to take a good look at the person talking．Do his words fit the way he looks? Does what he says square with the tone of voice? His posture(体态)?The look in his eyes? Stop and think．The minute you spend thinking about the real meaning of what people say to you may save another mistake
Passage 1
无论我们长到多少岁，都会犯错误。有时犯金钱上的错误，但大多数时间还是与人有关的错误。“如果我和Helen分手，Jerry会真的在意么？”“我得到了这么棒的工作，Jerry作为我的朋友衷心的为我感到高兴么？或者他会嫉妒我的幸运？”当我们回忆过去，类似这种的疑问让我们感觉很不舒服。但是回忆起这些的时候，想补救已经为时已晚了。
为什么我们总是对我们友善或者敌对的人会错意思呢？因为，有的时候，人们真正要表达的意思其实隐藏在话语背后。那么如果我们没有真正的去聆听，就会错过语言后的感情。要是有人对你说：“You’re a lucky dog.”他是真正的支持你的么？如果他说“你是个幸运的家伙”或者“你是个幸运的女孩”，他的态度应该是友善的。但是，“lucky dog”这个词，好像有点嫉妒的味道在里面。也许说话人自己也没有察觉到。但是，“dog”这个词好像有点贬低你的意思。他想说的可能是他觉得你不配这么幸运。
那么如何分辨出别人话语之外的意思呢？一个办法就是仔细观察说话的人。他说的话和他说话的样子搭配么？和说话的语调符合么？和他的姿势呢？还有眼神？停下来想一想。你用来思索别人话语真正意思花的很少的时间，也许避免了另一个错误。
31．From the questions in the first paragraph we can learn that the speaker _B____
A．feels happy，thinking of how nice his friends were to him
B．feels he may not have“read” his friends’true feelings correctly
C．thinks it was a mistake to have broken up with his girl friend，Helen
D is sorry that his friends let him down
32．In the second paragraph．the author uses the example of“You?re a lucky dog”to show that C ．
A．the speaker of this sentence is just being friendly
B this saying means the same as “You?re a lucky guy” or “You?re a lucky gal”
C sometimes the words used by a speaker give a clue to the feeling behind the words
D．the word“dog”shouldn?t be used to apply to people
33．This passage tries to tell you how to __C____
A．avoid mistakes about money and friends B．bring the“dog’’bit into our conversation C．avoid mistakes in understanding what people tell you D keep people friendly without trusting them
34．In listening to a person．the important thing is __C____
A．to notice his tone，his posture，and the look in his eyes B to listen to how he pronounces his words
C．to check his words against his manner，his tone of voice，and his posture D．not to believe what he says
35．If you followed the advice of the writer，you would __A____
A be able to get the real meaning of what people say to you B．avoid any mistakes while talking with people who envy you
C．not lose real friends who say things that do not please you D．be able to observe people as they are talking to you
Passage 2
Why was Bastille important to the citizens of Paris? The building of the Bastille had been started in 1370 under Charles V By the seventeenth century it had stopped to be important for defense．Cardinal Richelieu turned it into a prison．It was not an ordinary prison to punish common crimes．Its huge doors closed only on enemies of the King The Bastille?s workings were secret．Prisoners were taken to it in closed vehicles．Soldiers on guard duty had to stand with their faces to the wall NO talking was allowed Worst of all，a prisoner never knew if he would be there a day，a week，a year，or forever．Only the King?s letter could set him free
Over the years the number of arrests by King’S letter had become fewer．By the time of its fall．most of the prisoners were writers who had written against the corruptions(贪污腐败)of the government Voltaire，the famous French writer，spent a year there in 1717～1718，and another 12 days in 1726.
For those who believed in free speech and free thinking，the Bastille stood for everything evil．The day it was captured，only seven prisoners were found inside．Still，the Bastille was hated by the people It was a symbol of the King?s complete power.
Passage 2
为什么说对于巴黎的市民来说，巴士底狱的意义不同一般呢？巴士底狱这一建筑建于查理五世统治时期的1370年。17世纪的时候不再用于防御工事。教皇Richelieu把它变成了一所监狱。这并不是处罚普通罪行的一般监狱。在它巨大的门墙之内，关的仅仅是国王的敌人。巴士底狱的运作方式是秘密的。犯人被完全封闭的交通工具运进来。当值的士兵站岗时要面对高墙，而且禁止交谈。最糟糕的是，囚犯自己从不知道自己要在这关上一天，一周，一年，或者永远。只有国王的亲笔信可以释放里面的囚犯。
在此期间，被国王下令逮捕的人越来越少了。到巴士底狱被攻破的时候，大部分的囚犯都是针对统治者的贪污腐败进行抨击的文人。伏尔泰Voltaire，法国著名的文人，曾经二次被关在这里，一次从1717年到1718年的一年间，一次是在1726被关了12天。
对于信仰言论和思想自由的人们，巴士底狱是一切罪恶的象征。在它陷落的那天，里面只有7位囚犯。即使如此，人民还是对巴士底狱深恶痛绝。因为它是国王专政的象征。
36．The Bastille had been a prison __D___
A．since the time of Charles V B．since 1370 C．before the seventeenth century D．since血e time of Cardinal Richelieu
37．According to the passage，which of the following statements is FALSE? A
A．Anyone who did something wrong could find himself suddenly in the Bastille
B．The Bastille was only for those who were opposed to the King．
C．Things done in the Bastille were hardly known to people outside D．V oltaire was twice put in the Bastille．
38 At the time of its fall，the Bastille housed __D__．
A．a large number of prisoners B a lot of writers who had been against the government
C．some dozens of people who believed in free speech and free thinking D only a few prisoners
39 Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage? C
A．All prisoners in the Bastille had to stay there for life
B Over the years the number of prisoners in the Bastille was getting more and more．
C．The King could put people in，or let them go out，as he wanted.
D．At the time it was captured，there were so few prisoners in it that it meant little to the people．
40 This passage mainly ___D____
A．tells how the prisoners were controlled by the King B．tells how little was known about the Bastille C shows the inner workings of the Bastille D gives a brief history of the Bastille
Passage 3
Almost every family buys as least one copy of a newspaper every day．Some people subscribe to as many as two or three different newspapers But why do people read newspapers?
Five hundred years ago，news of important happenings--battles lost and won，kings or rulers overthrown(推翻)or killed--took months and even years to travel from one country to another．The news passed by word of mouth and was never accurate．Today we can read in our newspapers of important events that occur in far away countries on the same day they happen．
Apart from supplying news from all over the world，newspapers give us a lot of other useful information There are weather reports，radio，television and film guides，book reviews，stories，and of course．advertisements．The bigger ones are put in by large companies to bring attention to their products．They pay the newspapers thousands of dollars for the advertising space，but it is worth the money for news of their products goes into almost every home in the country For those who produce newspapers，advertisements are also very important．Money earned from advertisements makes it possible for them to sell their newspapers at a low price and still make a profit．
Passage 3
几乎每个家庭每天都会买至少一份报纸。一些人甚至订阅2或3份不同的报纸。那么，为什么人们要读报纸呢？
五百年前，重大事件的消息——战争的失败和胜利，国王或统治者被推翻或谋杀——要花几个月甚至数年的时间从一个国家传到另一个国家。这些口头传播的消息往往不准确。现如今，我们可以在报纸上得知当天发生在很远的国家的重大事件。
除了提供世界各地的新闻之外，报纸还给我们提供了许多其他有用的信息。比如天气预报，广播电视电影的预告，书评，小说，当然还有广告。那些较大的广告是大公司为了让他们的产品引人注意。虽然他们为了这些广告位付给报纸的经营者几千美元，但是这个钱还是花的值得的，由于广告的作用他们的产品进入了千家万户。对于经营报纸的人，广告也很重要。广告的收入让他们可以以很低的价格出售报纸仍然获利。
41 The phrase “subscribe to??in the first paragraph means“ ___C_____”
A．go to the newspaper stand and buy B．send their own news stories to
C．agree to buy for a specific period of time D become faithful readers of
42 The habit of reading newspapers is __A___
A．widespread B．found among a few families C．not popular D．uncommon
43．Before the time of the newspaper，__D____
A bad news traveled quickly and good news slowly
B few people cared about events that took place in far away countries
C．kings and rulers were often overthrown or killed D．news was passed from one person to another 44 The author seems to agree that money spent on advertisements is __C____
A．wasted B．not much C well spent D．of no use to anyone
45．Which of the following statements is TRUE? A
A．Five hundred years ago it took a long time for news to reach other countries．
B．Newspaper advertisements turn people’S attention away from their products．
C．The news that we read in newspapers is mainly about new products．
D When newspapers are sold at a low price，the newspaper producers will lose money．
Passage 1
One silly question I simply can?t stand is“How do you feel”．Usually the question is asked of a man in action—a man on the go．walking along the street．or busily working at his desk So what d0 you expect him to say?He?11 probably say．“Fine．I?m all right．”But “you?ve put a bug in his ear”一maybe now he?s not sure If you are a good friend，you may have seen something in his face，or his walk．that he did not realize that morning It starts him worrying a little．First thing you know．he looks in a mirror to see if everything is aⅡfight，while you go merrily on your way asking someone else．‘‘How do you feel?”
Every question has its time and place It?s perfectly acceptable，for instance，to ask ‘‘How do you feel???if you?re visiting a close f riend in the hospital But if the fellow is walking on both legs，hurrying to make a train，or sitting at his desk working，it?s no time to ask him that silly question．When George Bernard Shaw，the famous writer of plays was in his eighties，someone asked him“How do you feel”，Shaw put him in his place．‘‘When you reach my age”，he said．“either you feel all right or you?re dead”
Passage 1
“你感觉怎么样”是一个愚蠢的让我无法忍受的问题。这个问题通常会问那些正在忙着的人——一个正沿着街道赶路去某地的人，或者一个正埋头工作的人。那么你期望从他那里得到什么答案呢？他很可能说“很不错”。但是你却给了他一个暗示——可能他当时不知道。如果你是他的一个好朋友，你也许在他脸上，或者走路的样子上发现什么他早晨没有觉察到的不妥。你的话使他开始感觉有点不安。你也猜的到，接着他要做的第一件事，就是找个镜子，看看自己是不是有什么不对。这个时候你却开心的我行我素，去问其他人这个问题了“你感觉怎么样？”
每个问题都有它提问的适当时机和场合。例如，如果你去医院探望一个亲密的朋友，这个时候你问他“你觉得怎么样？”就十分的恰当。但是，如果这个人匆忙赶路去赶火车，或者在埋头工作，没有时间去他这种傻瓜问题。
当George Bernard Shaw——一个著名的剧作家，在他80多岁的时候，有人问他：“你感觉怎么样”，Shaw让这个人站在自己的角度来想想。“当你到了我这个年龄，”他说“要么你感觉良好，要么你已经死了。”
31．According to the writer，greetings，such as“How do you feel?” _D__
A．show one?s consideration for others B．are a good way to make friends
C are proper to ask a man in action D．generally make one feel uneasy
32．The question“How do you feel?”seems to be correct and suitable when asked of D
A．a man working at his desk B．a person having lost a close friend
C．a stranger who looks somewhat worried D．a friend who is ill
33．The writer seems to feel that a busy man should _C___
A be praised for his efforts
B never be asked any question C．not be bothered D be discouraged from working so hard
34．George Bernard Shaw’s reply in the passage shows his _B_____
A．cheerfulness B．cleverness C．ability D．politeness
35……You?ve put a bug in his ear??means that you?ve D
A．made him laugh B．shown concern for him C made fun of him D．given him some kind of warning
Passage 2
Acting is such an over-crowded profession that the only advice that should be given to a young person thinking of going on the stage is“Don?t!”．But it is useless to try to discourage someone who feels that he must act，although the chances of his becoming famous are slim．The normal way to begin is to go to a drama sch001．Usually only students who show promise and talent are accepted，and the course lasts two years．Then the young actor or actress takes up work with a theatrical company(剧团)，usually as an assistant stage manager This means doing everything that there is to do in the theatre and occasionally acting in very small parts It is very hard work indeed，the hours are long and the salary is tiny．Of course，some people have remarkable chances which lead to fame and Success without this long and hard training．Connie Pratt，for example，was just an ordinary girl working in a bicycle factory．A film producer happened to catch sight of her one morning waiting at a bus stop，as he drove past in his car．He stopped and got out to speak to the girl．He asked if she would like to go to the film studio to do a test，and she thought he was joking Then she got angry and said she would call the police It took the producer twenty minutes to convince Connie that he was serious The test was successful．And within a few weeks she was playing the leading part opposite one of the most famous actors of the day But chances like this happen once in a blue moon
Passage 2
演艺界是一个人口密度过高的职业。对于想登上舞台的年轻人的唯一建议就是不要进入。但是想劝阻那些明知成功的机会很渺茫却执意要做演员的人，这种说教是无用的。要做演员通常办法就是去戏剧学院进修。通常这里只接受有前途和有天赋的学生，课程要花2年的时间。之后，年轻的女艺人或者男艺人以舞台助理的身份，参与到剧团的工作。这意味着要做和舞台相关的所有事务和偶尔的跑龙套。这确实是很辛苦的工作，工作时间长，薪水又少的可怜。
当然，有些人没有经过长期辛苦训练，而是是通过不寻常的机会就获得了声望和成功。例如说，Connie Pratt原本是自行车厂的一个普通女工。某个早晨她在公车站等车的时候被一个开车路过的电影制作人看中了。制作人停车出来和她交谈，问她是否愿意来摄影棚试镜。Connie认为他只是在开玩笑罢了。最后她生气了，还威胁说要叫警察。最后制作人花了20分钟的时间让Connie相信他是认真的。试镜很成功。几个星期之后，她就作为女主角和当时很有名的一个男演员在一部戏中演对手戏了。但是，类似这样的机会少之又少啊。
36 From the very beginning，the author puts it clearly that acting is a profession __A____
A sought after by too many B．too difficult for young people
C．for slim people only D．one can go into without special training
37．For someone who feels he must act，it is very likely that _D____
A．he will become a film star at long last B he will become a stage manager
C he will be well paid D．he will end up without any Success
38．The film producer found Connie Pratt one morning when she was __D__
A．at work in a bicycle factory B．driving past him in her car
C．going to a film studio D．waiting for a bus
39．A few weeks after the test．Connie Pratt found herself __B____
A the most famous actress of the world B．playing the leading female role in a play
C．as famous as the greatest actor of the world D．no less famous than the leading actor of the day
40 The concluding sentence “chances like this happen once in a blue moon” means D
A this is something which happens once in a while B．this is a highly profitable chance
C．this is something highly possible D this is a very rare chance
Passage 3
Soldiers and other military people wear uniforms with various other symbols to indicate their status．But in the business world everyone wears more or less similar suits，and you cannot tell at a glance who ranks higher or lower than another．So how do people in the business world show their superiority?
An attempt to study this was made by two researchers using a series of silent films．They had two actors play the parts of an executive(经理)and a visitor，and switch roles each time．The scene had one man at his desk playing the part of an executive，while the other，playing the part of a visitor，knocks at the door，opens it and approaches the desk to discuss some business matter．
The audience watching the films was asked to rate the executive and the visitor in terms of status．A certain set of rules about status began to emerge from the ratings．The visitor showed the least amount of status when he stopped just inside the door to talk across the room to the seated man．He was considered to have more status when he walked halfway up to the desk，and he had the most status when he walked directly up to the desk and stood right in front Of the seated executive．
Another thing that affected the status of the visitor in the eyes of the observers was the time between knocking and entering．For the seated executive，his status was also affected by the time between hearing the knock and answering．The quicker the visitor entered the room，the more status he had．The longer the executive took to answer，the more status he had．
assage 3
士兵和其他军队中的人都要穿制服，并且衣服上有各种各样的标志来表明他们的身份地位。但是在商业的世界中，几乎每个人都穿的差不多一样的衣服。乍看之下，很难分出身份地位的高低。那么，在商界，人们如果表明自己高人一等呢？
2个研究者通过一系列的默剧对此进行尝试和研究。剧中只有2个演员，分饰经理和拜访者的角色，每次两人都要交换角色。剧中演的是经理坐在办公桌旁边办公，来访者敲门，推开门，往办公桌走去，和经理讨论业务上的事情。
观看的观众被要求说出经理和拜访者的地位孰高孰低。从观众的意见总结出一套地位的归路。当拜访者站在刚进门的地方，远远的穿过整个房间和经理说话，表明来访者的地位最低。当拜访者站在门和桌子的中间时，地位较高；当他径直走到桌子旁边站在经理前面时，地位最高。
在观众眼中，另一个影响拜访者地位的事情是他敲门和进房间之间的时间间隔。对于坐在那里的经理来说，他的地位受听到敲门和应答的时间间隔的影响。拜访者越早的进入房间，他的地位就越高。
经理越迟应答敲门声，他的地位越高。
41．The experiment designed by the two researchers aimed at finding out _D____
A．how business is conducted by all executive and a visitor B how to tell the differences between an executive and a visitor
C．how to tell businessmen at a glance D．how businessmen indicate status
42 Which of the statements can best sum up the passage? C
A．The executive has a higher status than the visitor．B．Military people wear uniforms but the businessmen do not
C，A study revealing a set of rules about the status of businessmen．
D It is a good method to use a series of silent film in research．
43 Having entered the room，the closer the visitor approaches the executive, _D__
A．the less it affected his status B．the lower his status C．the more it affected his status D．the higher his status
44．The longer the seated man was in answering the knock，__A____
A．the higher his status B．the less it affected his status C．the lower his status D the more it affected his status
45．Which statement is NOT true? B
A Soldiers wear uniforms with various symbols so that one call tell their status at a glance．
B．In the experiment．one actor played the executive while the other played the seated man
C．Business people wear similar suits．
D The audience watching the film rated the executive and the visitor in terms of status．
阅读理解一
Are all your photographs good？Be honest with yourself. Aren’t some of your pictures too dark, and others too light？How many times have you thrown away a photo？We, the Fine Photograph Club, can help you. We meet every Wednesday in our comfortable club room in Bridge Street. At 7:30 p.m. a member of the club or a visitor would give a talk, and then we have coffee. Our members will advise you on all the latest cameras and films. They will help you to develop your films or enlarge your pictures. What does it all cost？Only 5 pounds a year.
Photography is now a big business. Do you know, for instance, that there are 15 million cameras in our country？And that 700 million photographs are taken a year, more than one-third of them in color？Think of the amount of photography in television, the cinema, newspapers, books, advertisements and so on. In modern life people learn a lot from pictures, so photography is more and more important. It is also more complicated and more expensive than it used to be. You may only want to take good photographs of faces and places. If so, we can help you to get better results. You needn’t waste any more money. If you want to learn more about photography and how it is used, join the club please. You won’t be disappointed. Write now to the Secretary, Fine Photograph Club. Bridge Street.
31. The purpose of passage is to _____.
A. show people how to take fine pictures
B. tell people photography is now a big business
C. tell people the club can do many things for you
D. encourage people to join the photograph club
高考阅读理解技巧 一、阅读理解题选材 高考阅读理解题选材，一般遵循三个原则： 1. 文章一般为3篇（含信息匹配题），阅读量在1100单词左右； 2. 题材广泛，包括科普、社会、文化、政治、经济等多方面内容； 3. 体裁多样，包括记叙文、描写文、说明文、议论文、应用文等。 二、英语阅读文体类型 学会分析体裁的能力对我们做好阅读理解来说是非常重要的。由于不同的文体有不同的段落组织方式和脉络层次，所以我们可以根据这种特点来快速分析文章的体裁： ●记叙文往往按时间顺序展开段落，文章有明显表示时间先后的词语。阅读时抓住时间这条主线，弄清who、 what、where、why与how。文章主旨要透过体察所揭示的人物、事件来进行提炼。描写手法大多按时间跨度、空间顺序、上下顺序来展开。阅读记叙文体应采取略读和扫读的方法，快速抓住文中描写的主要内容，从整体上去把握文章的连贯性，进而大体上揣测出作者的写作意图及情感主线。高考阅读就记叙文设题大多以细节理解为主。 ●描写文通过细节的描写以画面的方式来反应事物的特征、性质。对这种文章要迅速弄清其主题，主题词往往出 现在各个句子里，贯穿文章的始末；紧围绕这个主题进行阅读，找到文章与之有关的信息，并确定信息与主题的关系。 ●说明文用以解释或揭示事物的状态、特征、演变、结果及其相互之间的关系，这类文体的文章，首句往往是主 题句，开门见山，说明文章的关注对象：弄清作者的思路和段落组织的方式；把握次要信息及其与主题的关系。 英语说明文的总体结构通常为三部份，说明对象、说明过程和归纳总结。常见的说明方法： 1，定义与诠释说明； 2，举例与引用说明； 3，分类与图表说明； 4，比较与比喻说明； 5，分析与综合说明； 就高考英语说明文的阅读而言，首先要抓住文章说明的要点，也就是要抓住被说明对象的实质性特征；弄清作者从哪个角度、哪个层面开始说明；并明白文章最后的说明结论。高考说明文阅读材料通常介绍最新科技、重大成就、生活时尚、流行现象等。了解说明文的写作手法、说明方法，理清短文结构及段落中心思想是答题关键。 ●议论文通常为三段式，即“论点、论据、结论”三部份组成。首先借助某一现象引出论点，然后通过一定论据 从各个层面上加以推理论证，最后得出结论。议论文体主要考查学生对论点及论据的把握。因此，遇到议论文体时，应采取抓主题句的方法来把握文章主旨，弄清作者的观点。一般来说，作者的论点通常在文章首段被引出，接着是对这一论点的逻辑推理和论证，最后为结论。还应注意的是：在对论点论证的过程中，每一段的首句都是该段的主题句。把握全文论点、弄清论证各段的主题句、理解文章层次、找出中心论点的位置是理解议论文的关键。 就议论文而言，其论证的常见结构方式有： 1，总分式总---分；分----总；总----分---总； 2，并列式几个论据之间属于平等关系； 3，递进式几个论据之间属于递进关系； 4，对照式把两种事物加以对比，以彰显其中一种。 ●应用文属于实用型文体，如书信、通知、日记、广告等。应用文阅读要注意文中具体细节的把握与理解，弄清 作者所传达的实际信息及表达的具体内容。阅读时采取速读与精读相结合的方法，力求快速精确地查出试题所设置的关键内容。
【英语】高中英语翻译解题技巧及经典题型及练习题(含答案)及解析 一、高中英语翻译 1．高中英语翻译题：Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 1．这场因无视规则引发的事故值得我们深思。(ignore) _________________________ 2．梦想还是要有的，但不努力就不可能实现。(unless) _________________________ 3．正是这次经历才让我明白，我不该太过忙碌而错过生活的恩赐。(It) _________________________ 4．当前有一个非常令人费解的现象:一些年轻父母们宁愿把很多钱投资在早教上，也不愿意带娃旅行开阔眼界。(would rather) _________________________ 【答案】 1． The accident caused by ignoring the rules deserves/is worth our deep thinking/ careful consideration/reflection. 2．We still need to dream/have a dream, but it can’t be realized unless we work hard (on it). 3． It was this experience that enabled/helped me to realize (that) I shouldn't be too busy to miss the gifts/blessings that life brings to me. 4． There is a confusing phenomenon that many young parents would rather invest much money in/into early education than travel with kids to expand their horizons. 【解析】 1．考查ignore的相关用法。分析句子可知，本句为一般现在时，主语为The accident，用过去分词短语caused by ignoring the rules作The accident的后置定语。谓语为deserve/be worth后可直接接动名词，此时主动形式表达被动含义，也可直接接名词。故翻译为：The accident caused by ignoring the rules deserves/is worth our deep thinking/ careful consideration/reflection. 2．考查unless的相关用法。分析句子可知，本句为but连接的两个句子，且为一般现在时，还涉及unless引导的条件状语从句。重点动词及动词短语为work hard“努力”，realize“实现”。故翻译为：We still need to dream/have a dream, but it can’t be realized unless we work hard (on it). 3．考查强调句式。分析句子可知，本句为强调句式，强调句的时态为一般过去时，强调的是this experience，realize后接that引导的宾语从句，宾语从句中出现了too...to句式。错过生活的恩赐为“miss the gifts/blessings”其中gifts/blessings被后面的that引导的定语从句 所修饰，且在定语从句中作宾语。故翻译为：It was this experience that enabled/helped me to realize (that) I shouldn't be too busy to miss the gifts/blessings that life brings to me. 4．考查would rather相关用法。分析句子可知，phenomenon后接that引导的同位语从句，同位语从句中涉及到了would rather do sth than do sth的用法。其中两个动词短语为
V. Reading Comprehension (15%) A It was 3.21 a. m. when nine-year-old Glenn Kreamer awoke to the smell of burning. Except for the crackling （爆裂声）of flames somewhere below there was not a sound in the two-storey house at Baldwin, Long Island. With his father away on night duty at a local factory, Glenn was worried about the safety of his mother, his sister Karen, 14 and his 12-year-old brother Todd. He ran downstairs through the smoke-filled house to push and pull at Karen and Todd until they sat up. Then he helped each on through the house to the safety of the garden. There, his sister and brother, taking short and quick breaths and coughing, collapsed on the lawn. The nine-year-old raced back into the house and upstairs to his mother's room. He found it impossible to wake her up. Mrs. Kreamer, a victim of the smoke, was unconscious, and there was nobody to help Glenn carry her to the garden. But the boy remained calm and, as a fireman said later, "acted with all the self-control of a trained adult." On the bedroom telephone, luckily still working, Glenn called his father and, leaving Mr. Kreamer to telephone the fire brigade and ambulance service, got on with the task of saving his mother. First he filled a bucket with water from the bathroom and threw water over his mother and her bed. Then, with a wet cloth around his head he went back to the garden. He could hear the fire engine coming up, but how would the firemen find his mother in the smoke-filled house where flames had almost swallowed up the ground flo or? Grasping firmly a ball of string from the garage, Glenn raced back into the house and dashed upstairs to his mother's room. Tying one end of the string to her hand he ran back, laying out the string as he went, through the hall and back out into the ga rden. Minutes later he was telling fire chief John Coughlan :"The string will lead you to mother." Mrs. Kreamer was carried to safety as the flames were breaking through her bedroom floor. 71．Why did Glenn run downstairs first? A．He wanted to find out what was happening. B．He was worried about his mother's safety.
高考英语阅读理解九大题型解题思路详解 [ By: 平分秋色 ] 推荐 高考英语阅读理解九大题型解题思路详解 1．细节事实题： ⑴标志： ①题干中明确提到的时间、地点、人物等细节信息 ②针对文章中的一句或几句发问 ③题干和选项之间是因果关系 ⑵做题的关键在于：返回原文 ①根据题干中的时间、地点、人物返回原文 ②根据出题顺序返回原文（60％的准度） ③根据题干中的重点词或其同义词返回原文（如名词、动词、形容词，70％的准度） ④找原文中的难句定位，一般来说，难句都是出题点。 ⑶迷惑人的手段： ①单词替换 ②颠倒因果 ③扩大范围 ④常识判断
2．例证题： ⑴标志：case example illustration demonstration exemplify demonstrate illustrate ⑵做题的关键在于：是否能找到例子支持的论点，而不在于能否看懂例子 ⑶做题的步骤： ①首先返回原文定位该例子 ②然后80％向上、20％向下搜索该例子支持的论点 ③在四个选项中寻找与找到的论点表达最一致、意思最接近的一个才是正确答案 3．词汇题： ⑴标志：在题干中明确指出原文中某处的单词或词组，要求辨别其意思 ⑵做题的关键在于：该单词本身并不重要，重要的是该单词的上下文 ⑶如果该单词认识，并不超出大纲，则其字面意思必然不是正确答案，其正确答案是根据上下文推测的一个更加深刻的含义 ⑷做题的方法：可以使用两种方法从上下文进行推理： ①代入替换法 ②在上下文中寻找同词性的词或词组 4．句子理解题： ⑴标志：在题干中明确指出原文中的一句话，要求理解其意思 ⑵做题的关键在于：返回原文对出题的句子进行语法解析，要精确理
高考英语阅读理解试题经典及解析 一、高中英语阅读理解 1．阅读理解 When times get tough, we all look for ways to cut back. When we're hungry, we eat at home instead of going out. We take buses instead of taxis. And we wear our old designer jeans just a few months longer. With college expenses at all-time highs, high school students are eager to do anything to cut the cost of a university education. One cost-cutting proposal is to allow college students to get a bachelor's degree in three years instead of four. Educational institutions have been actively exploring ways to make the learning process more efficient. But there's a question: Would the quality of undergraduate education suffer? Few US universities have formally approved a "three-year degree" model. I doubt that mainstream North American colleges will carry out a three-year curriculum any time soon. For one thing, most universities already allow highly qualified students to graduate early by testing out of certain classes and obtaining a number of college credits. In addition, at famous universities, the committee who determine which courses are required and which courses are electives are unlikely to suddenly "throw out" one quarter of the required credits. Professors will resist "diluting (稀释)" the quality of the education they offer. In my opinion, a quality four-year education is always superior to a quality three-year education. A college education requires sufficient time for a student to become skilled in their major and do coursework in fields outside their major. It is not a good idea to water down education, any more than it's not a good idea to water down medicine. If we want to help students find their way through university, we should help them understand early on what knowledge and skills they need to have upon graduation. We should allow students to test out of as many courses as possible. We should give them a chance to earn money as interns (实习生) in meaningful part-time jobs that relate to their university studies, such as the five-year co-op program at Northeastern University. （1）Which of the following can best sum up the main idea? A.It's time to shorten the learning process. B.Best learning takes place over time. C.University education should be watered down. D.College education calls for reform. （2）We can learn from the passage that ________. A.most American universities are against the "three-year degree" model B.many famous US universities are considering adopting the "three-year degree" model C.professors are willing to accept the "three-year degree" model D.The "three-year degree" model can make college learning more efficient （3）In most US universities, ________. A.college students are offered the co-op program B.electives' credits make up one quarter of the required credits C.all students are required to finish four-year education before graduation D.some excellent students can graduate ahead of time
最新英语翻译专项习题及答案解析 一、高中英语翻译 1．高中英语翻译题：Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 1．美食是人们造访上海的乐趣之一。（visit） 2．街头艺术家运用创意将鲜艳明亮的色彩带进了老社区。（bring） 3．在你生命中，如果有一个人你需要对他说对不起，那么就去向他道歉吧。（apology）4．这个游戏的独特之处在于它让孩子学会如何应对现实生活中的问题。（what） 5．申请材料需要精心准备，这样你心仪的学校才会对你的能力有全面、准确地了解。（in order that） 【答案】 1．Delicious food is one of the pleasures when people visit Shanghai. 2．Street artists bring bright and vivid colors into older neighborhoods with originality 3．If there is someone to whom you need say sorry in your life, make an apology to him. 4．What makes this game peculiar lies in that it teaches kids how to handle the problems in real life. 5．The applications should be carefully prepared in order that the school you like can have an overall and accurate knowledge of your abilities. 【解析】 【分析】 1．本句重点考察两个知识点。一个是乐趣之一，说明此处的乐趣应该用复数，必须是可数名词，因此选择pleasure。另一个是题目中给出的visit，需要谨慎处理，是用做动词还是名词。此处我们给出一个时间状语从句when people visit Shanghai，同时还可使用其他从句进行处理。所以答案是Delicious food is one of the pleasures when people visit Shanghai. 2．本题难度不大，重点是明亮的色彩的表达，可以使用bright colors, 也可以使用bright and vivid colors. 所以答案是Street artists bring bright and vivid colors into older neighborhoods with originality 3．本题考查there be + 定语从句从而构成条件状语从句。另外考察“道歉”用“make apology to sb.”。所以答案是If there is someone to whom you need say sorry in your life, make an apology to him. 4．本题考察what引导的主语从句，以及“be peculiar to”的用法。所以答案是What makes this game peculiar lies in that it teaches kids how to handle the problems in real life. 5．本题主要考固定词组的掌握，为了使用in order that引导出的目的状语从句。另外也考查 preferred school，have…knowledge/ understanding of…，overall，accurate等。所以答案是The applications should be carefully prepared in order that the school you like can have an overall and accurate knowledge of your abilities. 【考点定位】翻译句子
阅读理解能力测试的主要要求是： 1．阅读材料，理解材料的主旨大意，以及用以说明主旨大意的事实和细节。2．既理解具体的事实，也理解抽象的概念。 3．既理解文章的字面意思，也理解深层含义，包括作者的态度、意图等。 4．既理解某句、某段的含义，也理解全篇的逻辑关系，并据此进行推理和判断。5．既能根据所提供的信息去理解，也能结合中学生应具有的常识去理解判断。 根据这五项要求，我们可将阅读理解多项选择题归纳为以下几种题型：主题主旨大意，细节理解题，综合推理题，概括归纳题，观点归纳题，人物评价题，词义句义理解题，指代关系题，内容排序题等。 下面结合自己平时教学中的经验体会，谈一谈做英语阅读理解题的技巧与策略。 一．主旨大意题 阅读理解首先要做到的就是掌握所读材料的主旨和大意，它是全文的概括与总结。能否抓住这个中心，取决于读者的总结能力。每篇短文都有其主题思想，而作者表现主题思想的手法各不相同。这就需要我们挖掘相同点，寻找解题的方法。 常见题型： 1．主题型： What’s the main idea of this passage ? What does this passage mainly discuss? What’s the topic of this passage ? 2．标题型： What’s the best title? The best title for this text is (to tell ) ————. 3．目的型： The main purpose of this text is ————. The author’s purpose o f writing this text is to ————. What’s the main purpose of the passage?
（英语）高考英语阅读理解试题(有答案和解析) 一、高中英语阅读理解 1．阅读理解 Ana, her husband Mario, and their four-year old son Antonio just moved to North Carolina. They need a temporary place to call "home" until they get settled into their new surroundings. So, Ana figured that she had better start looking for an apartment for them to stay in. First, Ana picked up an Apartment Book at her local newspaper stand. The Apartment Book contained listings of all the major apartment complexes in her area. Ana started by looking at the prices in the advertisements for apartments in the Apartment Book. Then, she read about the amenities that each apartment complex offered. For example, some apartments had a clubhouse, a gym (also called a "fitness center"), and a pool. After considering prices, amenities, and locations, Ana found a few apartment complexes that she liked. Ana called the apartment complexes. She set up appointments with the apartment managers to see the apartments she found interesting. Ana made five phone calls, total. "I'll see you then," she said to the fifth apartment manager, and hung up the phone. When Mario got home (to the hotel in which they were staying) from work, Ana showed him the list of apartments. "These look good," he said. "Mommy, let me see," said Antonio, whom Mario had just brought home from childcare. Ana showed Antonio the pictures of the apartments. The next day, while Mario was at work and Antonio was at childcare, Ana visited the apartment complexes. After visiting all five, she found that she liked the fifth one the best. It was near a good school system for her son, and it was near her and her husband's workplace. She went home and discussed it with her husband, and they decided that they wanted to rent the apartment. The next day, they called the manager of the apartment complex and told him that they would like the apartment. The manager asked them to sign a rental contract and pay a security deposit so that if any damage was done to the apartment while they were in it, the security deposit would pay for it. They signed the rental contract and paid the security deposit. Finally, they had a place to stay. （1）Which of the following is not an amenity? A.Clubhouse. B.Fitness center. C.Pool. D.High ceilings. （2）What did Ana consider while looking through the Apartment Book? A.Prices. B.Amenities. C.Locations. D.All of the above. （3）Why is the security deposit needed when people rent a house? A.Because it ensures that a renter will pay the rent on time.
一.翻译： 1. 正是他35年前送给我的那些书使我成了教师。 2. 黄昏时，我碰巧在回家的路上遇到她。 3. 他说他将于第二周到达。 4. 我在电话里已经和他交谈过，但实际上我从来没有见过他。 5. 整日呆在家里做作业，一点趣儿都没有。 6. 我在为这次长途旅行整理行装。 7. 她专心听着，把他说的话一字不漏的记下来。 8. 他充分利用他在那儿的时间学习英语。 9. 目前妇女在科学领域发挥着重要的作用。 10. 这个城镇变化太大了，你会认不出来它的。 11. 对于这个问题你有什么看法吗？ 12. 这个机构对开始经营自己生意的人提供切实可行的指导。 13. 信不信由你，尽管她满身缺点，我仍然喜欢她。 14. 这是我们第一次在中国过圣诞。 15. 结婚前他们相爱了十年。 一．1. It was those books he gave me thirty-five years ago that made me become a teacher. 2. I happened to see her on my way home at dusk. It happened that I saw her on my way home at dusk. 3. He said that he would arrive the next week. 4. I’ve talked to him on the telephone but I’ve never actually met him face to face. 5. It is no pleasure staying at home doing homework all day. 6. I am packing my things up for the long journey. 7. She listened carefully and set down every word he said. 8. He made good/full use of his time there to learn English. 9. At present, women are playing an important part in science. 10. The town has changed so much that you wouldn’t recognize it. 11. Do you have any thoughts on this problem? 12. The agency offers practical guidance to people starting their own businesses. 13. Believe it or not. I’m fond of her although she has shortcomings of all kinds. 14. It is the first time we have celebrated Christmas in China. 15. They had been in love for 10 years before getting married. 二.翻译： 1. 在老师的帮助下，我被一所大学录取了。 2. 你知道宇宙是什么时候形成的吗？ 3. 最重要的是，别忘了把你们的意见寄来。 4. 你能就音乐欣赏给我们提些建议吗？ 5. 他喜欢表演并享受随之而来的祝贺。 6. 他看上去很面熟，但我记不起他的名字了。 7. 你准备用现金支付还是用支票支付？ 8. 必须制定法律来惩罚那些危害野生生物的人。 9. 骑骆驼在沙漠中旅行是令人难忘的经历。 10. 如果人们在不行动起来，采取有效措施保护野生动物的话，愈来愈多的野生动物将会灭绝。 二. 1. With the help of my teacher, I was admitted to university. 2. Do you know when the universe first came into being？ 3. And above all, remember to send us your comments. 4. Could you give us some advice on how to enjoy music. 5. He enjoys performance and the congratulations afterwards. 6. He looks very familiar but I can’t remember his name. 7. Do you plan to pay in cash or by cheque? 8. Laws must be passed to punish those who do harm to wildlife. 9. Traveling in the desert by camel is really an unforgettable experience. 10. If people don’t take action and adopt effective measures to protect wild animals, an increasing number of them will die out. 三.翻译： 1. 为了按时完成这项任务，他们夜以继日的工作着。 2. 过不了多久他们就会回来的。 3. 她生了一个健康漂亮的婴儿。 4. 她有学语言的天赋。 5. 捉弄残疾人是很不礼貌的。 6. 这家旅馆使我想起我们去年住过的那一家。 7. 我怎么才能重新得到他们的支持呢？ 8. 那棵老树从地面到树梢至少有三十米。 三．1. They are working day and night in order to accomplish the task on time. 2. They will be back before long. It won’t be long before they come back. 3. She gave birth to a fine healthy baby. 4. She has a gift for learning languages. 5. It is very rude to play a trick on the disabled. 6. This hotel reminds me of the one we stayed in last year. 7. How can I win back their support? 8. The old tree must measure at least 30 metres from top to bottom. 四. Translation: 1. 我宁愿说实话而不愿撒谎。
2019年高考英语卷I 阅读理解翻译 -CAL-FENGHAI-(2020YEAR-YICAI)_JINGBIAN
A 今年夏天你要找工作吗？ 省政府及其合作伙伴提供了许多项目来帮助学生找到暑期工作。申请截止日期以及你需要申请的东西都取决于该项目。 你不是学生？那你可以访问政府网站，了解一些可以全年帮助30岁以下的人培养技能、找工作或进行创业的项目和在线工具。 青年岗位 如果你是生活在本省内某些地区的一名青少年，你就有资格参加这一项目，该项目提供了八个星期的带薪就业与培训。 申请资格：青年，年龄为15至18岁，且生活在特定社区内。 夏日公司 夏日公司项目为学生提供了实际业务培训，且奖励高达3 000美元，从而帮助他们创立并经营自己的公司。 申请资格：学生，年龄为15至29岁，且于秋季返校。 园林青年管理员项目 今年夏天，你可以申请成为一名园林青年管理员，为当地的自然资源管理项目进行为期八周的工作。 申请资格：学生，雇用期间年龄为16岁或17岁，但在今年12月31日前不得年满18岁。 夏季就业机会 通过夏季就业机会项目，每年夏天都有学生们就职于省级公共服务、相关机构及社会团体的各种岗位。 申请资格：学生，年龄在15岁以上。对于身患残疾的学生，有些职位要求年龄须在15至24岁，最多29岁。 B 对于地处纽约帕乔格的迦南小学的二年级学生而言，今天是演讲日，现在轮到克里斯·帕莱兹了。这个八岁的孩子是班上最会开玩笑的人。他有一双闪亮的黑眼睛，使他看起来就像那种喜欢在公众场合演讲的孩子。 但是他很紧张。“今天我想讲一讲，你们为什么应该……应该……”克里斯在“-ld”的发音上变得磕绊起来，这对许多非英语母语人士都是一个发音难题。他的老师托马斯·沃利站在他旁边，悄声给予支持：“……为我……投票……”除了一些磕磕绊绊之外，克里斯表现得出奇地好。当他对演讲作了漂亮的收尾时，沃利邀请全班同学对他表示称赞。 作为移民的儿子，克里斯从三年前开始一点点学习英语。沃利回想起在今年年初时，每当要求克里斯阅读的时候，他都会借口去洗手间。 把英语作为第二语言来学习可以说是一种痛苦的经历。而你需要的是一位肯让你犯错的好老师。“对于任何学生来说，”沃利解释道，“尤其是对于把英语作为自己的一门新语言去学习的学生来说，能够十分自信地说出‘我不知道，但是我想知道’是需要很大勇气的。” 有一天，沃利问孩子们，如果谁认为自己永远都当不了总统，请举手。那时沃利就萌生了举办二年级总统竞选这一项目的想法。当时孩子们的答案让他感到心碎。沃利表示这个项目不仅仅是为了让孩子学会在公共场合朗读和说话。他更希望这些孩子学会夸耀自己。
精编高中英语阅读理解题型解读大全 （一）阅读是获得更综合、更复杂、更精确信息的必要手段，考生在做阅读理解时，不仅要看懂文章的字面意思，还需要针对不同题材和体裁的篇目运用不同的方法作出正确的选择。一般来说，词汇、阅读速度和理解能力是阅读理解中三个最重要且有相互联系的因素。 阅读的方法可以使用以下几种： 1.读首段，找关键词（人名、地名、建筑、组织名、数字或but and besides howeverso therefor）。用这种阅读方法回答who、what、when、where之类的问题最为有效。 2.围绕关键词上下看一句。此种阅读方法能回答why、how之类的问题。 3.重复品味首尾段把好主题方向 （二）不同体裁文章的特点及解题技巧 1.记叙文 记叙文又可分传记类和故事类。传记类文章在阅读中时间是全文的关键，根据时间我们可以找到相关的事件，抓住文章的主要内容。故事类文章情节性较强，阅读时要注意故事中的时间、地点、人物和发生的事件，这些都是文章中的主要内容和信息，对于准确理解文章十分重要。 2.说明文 说明文是对事物的形状、性质、特征、成果或功用等进行介绍，解释或阐述的文章。把握所说明事物的特征和本质是理解说明文的关键。说明事物特征的方法很多，主要有定义法、解释法、比较法、比喻法、数字法、图表法、引用法和举例法等。 ●数字说明文 在阅读数字说明文时要特别注意文中数字的含义，从这些数字中可以找到文章的主要内容。 ●解释说明文 解释说明文着重说明事物的本质、特征和功用等。许多科普文章都属于这一类。在阅读这类文章时要学会解决what, how, why 等一类的问题。它们是文章的关键。如能带着这些问题阅读，将会更迅速抓住文章的主题。 ●比较说明文 比较说明文是通过对比方法说明问题。在阅读这类文章时要善于把握全篇陈述的基本倾向。作者在谈论一个有争议的问题时总要顾及到争议的各个方面。但是，在一般情况下，作者的陈述总要倾向于某一种观点。