四级作文
文章类型：
A．议论文：1.现象解释型
2.对比选择型
3.问题解决型
4.观点论证型
B．应用文：信件；演讲稿；海报；通知
C．叙议结合文
D．图表类
各类写作题型自我训练方法小结：学习范文→总结模板（积累例句）→写作演练(一)．议论文
1．现象解释型：
(1)．阐述现象
(2)．分析原因
(3)．解决办法或指出存在的问题
1). 范文学习
Sample 1)
On Students Selecting Lecturers
In recent years, students in a growing number of universities are given the right to choose the lecturers for their lessons. Such a bold step toward educational reform, understandably, has triggered some debates over whether students should be given this much power and whether the students have the ability to properly use this right.
Students tend to take into account a variety of factors when choosing a lecturer, such as the lecturer’s personality and his/her teaching style, the lecturer’s academic background and teaching experience, and the lecturer’s reputation among students. Sometimes even the teacher’s sex, age, voice, and appearance might affect the students’decision, and obviously some of these factors have no logical relations with teaching quality.
There are both positive and negative aspects to empower students with the right to choose their lecturers. On the one hand, it encourages them to take greater responsibility and get more actively involved with the learning process, and also put pressure on teachers to improve their teaching quality. However, some factors that students consider might be the ones that promote the improvements of teaching quality of education. The students might end up with lecturers who teach interesting classes without much content.
Sample 2)
Harmfulness of Fake Commodities
In recent years, fake commodities dealing is a common phenomenon in the market. These fake commodities have done great harm to the consumers and the society.
Since the policy of reform was implemented, China’s economy has improved. A lot of people getting richer, and their living conditions are getting better. But still some of them are not satisfied. They dream of getting rich overnight and living a heavenly life, which, of course, is impossible to achieve by fair means. So they risk breaking the law to produce the fake commodities.
Once these fake commodities enter the market, they will do immeasurable harm to the society. The direct victims are the consumers. As the quality of the fake commodities is always very poor, the consumers may suffer great losses. Certain fake commodities, such as food and medicine, will cause irreparable harm to the health and well-being of the consumers. Fake commodities also cut into the profits of the brand-name-owners. Since the fake ones are cheaper, people tend to be reluctant to buy the genuine ones.
2). 写作模板：
A
Nowadays __________ is a common phenomenon in society. For example, ___________________.
________ do more (good) than (harm) to us. For one thing, ____________________________ . For another, ___________________ .
In summary, / In a word, it is more valuable ________________ .
B
Recently ______________ has aroused public concern. It has both ___________ and ____________.
_____________ do more (good) than (harm) to us. On the one hand, _____________________________ . On the other hand, ___________________ .
From what has been discussed above, we may reasonably arrive at the conclusion that ____________________ .
Useful sentences:
1.Never in history has the issue of ……been more visible than ……
2.Nowhere in world has the problem of ……been as evident as……
3.Now there is a growing awareness / recognition of the necessity of ……
4.Now, people in growing number are beginning / coming to realize that ……
5.Recently the problem / issue / question of ……has been brought to public attention
6.Recently the problem / issue / question of ……has caused/ aroused worldwide concern
7.……has become a hot topic, and heated debates are right on their way.
3). 演练题目
Restore Our Traditional Festivals
1.现在有很多年轻人更喜欢过西方节日
2.这种现象的原因是……
3.我们对待西方节日的态度是……
Fast Food
1. 快餐在中国十分流行，它是现代快节奏社会的最佳反映。
2. a. 快餐受欢迎有两条原因
b. 然而，从营养角度来讲，快餐却差强人意
3. 对快餐还是以偶尔品尝为宜。
Online Education
1.目前网络教育形成热潮
2.我认为这股热潮的的原因是……
3.我对网络教育的评价
2 .对比选择型
(1). 一些人对待某一事物的观点是……
(2). 另外一些人对待该事物的态度是……
(3). 我的看法…
1). 范文学习
Sample 1).
Should the University Campus Be Open to Tourists?
One can always find visitors taking pictures and enjoying the scenery in university campus.
During the May
Day Holiday, National Day Holiday, summer and winter vacations, many University campuses become popular tourist sites.
Some people hold the idea that university campus should be open to tourists. In fact, there are many royal gardens and parks, all of them obviously better than the scenery in the Universities. Why do you think people prefer visiting here with their children? That is because it is a dream goal for many Chinese parents and young ambitious students. Besides this, as more tourists come to visit universities, these universities can widen their influence as well and they can also make some profit from the tourism.
While others think differently. First, tourists' visit will disturb the normal teaching. They always get into teaching buildings, libraries and so on. They will make noise and throw rubbish everywhere. Second, some tourists trample grass to take photos, and sculpture on trees to leave words. These will affect the environment of the campus badly.
As far as I’m concerned, the university campus should not be open to the tourists. Although most of tourists visit with hope and respect, I think university campus is a holy place for study, not for tourism. So it should not be open to tourists.
Sample 2).
Spring Festival Gala on CCTV
It has been a hot topic for a long time whether the CCTV Spring Festival Gala should be cancelled or not. Many people advocate that CCTV Spring Festival Gala offers a wonderful opportunity to celebrate this traditional festival, for the Chinese all over the world can share the same happiness and excitement brought by the TV program. In addition, many performances are very impressive, and some can even positively affect our life value.
However, every coin has two sides. Some people hold that CCTV Spring Festival Gala should be cancelled. One of the most significant reasons may be that this form of celebration force people to spend the eve more passively. What’s more, a great proportion of the programs are not attractive enough.
As to me, my favor goes to the former opinion, because CCTV Spring Festival Gala gives us another option to celebrate this important moment. But it is really essential to improve the quality
of the programs. And I hope some better forms of celebration will be created in the near future.
2). 写作模板：
A.
People's opinions about ________ vary from person to person. Some people are inclined to ______ for the following reasons. Firstly, _____________ . Secondly, __________________.
Other people, however, take a different attitude that _____________________________. On the one hand,_____________________ . On the other hand, ________________________.
My own point of view is that ______________________ , because _____________________. Also, ____________________________________. So ___________________________________.
B.
_______ has become a hot topic among people, and heated debates are right on their
way. Quite a few people think _______________ . It sounds good because ________________________ .
On the contrary, there is a universally acknowledged saying that ____________________. To them, _______________________________________________ .
In my opinion, ______________________________. For one thing, ___________________. For another, ______________________________ . Hence, ______________________________.
Useful sentences:
1.Different people hold different opinions about …… Some take it for granted that …… But
others take an opposite idea that ……
2.People’s views about ……vary from person to person. Some people say that……While
others think that ……
3.In the face of …… Some people take the position that ……. Some people come to believe
that ……
4.There is no consensus of opinions among people as to the view of ……. Some people suggest
that …… While some others argue that …….
5.As far as I am concerned, …………………
6.When it comes to me, ……………..
7.There are two main reasons why I am opposed to / in favor of the first/second view.
8.Through the discussion mentioned above, we may draw the conclusion that ……
3). 演练题目：
Should Private Cars Be Encouraged?
1.私人购车已成为一种时尚，很多人认为应该鼓励人们购买私家车
2.也有很多人认为不应鼓励私人购车
3.我的看法……
What Should College Students Do？
1.很多人认为大学生应多参加校内外活动，锻炼各种能力最重要，学习只要能达到基本要
求就行。
2.也有很多人认为大学生的首要任务就是学习，就业后再锻炼能力也不晚。
3. 你给大学生的建议是……
Styles of Living
1．有些人愿意和父母居住在一起
2．有些人想自己独立居住
3．我的看法
3．问题解决题型
(1). 阐述问题/提出问题
(2). 问题形成的原因/解决问题的办法
(3). 我的看法
1). 范文学习
Sample 1).
How I Finance My College Education
Several years ago new tuition fee policy was put into practice and college students were asked to pay a certain sum of money. And now, all the students, no matter what subjects they are engaged in, must pay for tuition.
There are many ways for a student to finance his college education. Most students ask their parents to pay the tuition fee and pay for their books, accommodation and other cost. A student can also apply for the scholarship. Most universities set up scholarship to offer money to the poor students who do well in entrance exams and reward those who do well in entrance exams and reward those who work well at university. A student can also apply for the low-interest loans. In addition to the above, taking part-time jobs is also a common way for a college student to get money to pay part of his tuition and fees.
So far as I’m concerned, I’d prefer earning the scholarship. This means I must study hard and be a top student, which has always been my goal. After all, the task of a student is to study. And in addition to solving my financial problems, getting the scholarship can also prove my ability and is good for my future.
Sample 2).
How to Solve the Traffic Problems?
Sometimes we find there are really many problems in traffic system. We often see that traffic is becoming heavier and heavier, and the road accidents are increasing rapidly. Every day, there are quite a few people getting involved in the road accidents and some of them even lose their lives.
But how to solve the traffic problems? Step by step, firstly, we may widen main roads. If the main streets are widened, traffic jams will be decreased and it will be convenient for drivers. Secondly, we may open up more bus lines. If we open up more bus lines in downtown areas, citizens will have several choices for their destinations if they take buses. Finally, we can also build subways. Maybe at first glance we will invest a lot of money, but in the long run, building subways will not waste money and materials as widening roads and increasing bus lines do.
To solve the problem is not easy at all, but is worth trying. We should so something, such as building more overpasses, underpasses, gallop bridges to decrease the number of cars, trucks and bicycles in the main streets. At the same time, legislative measures should be introduced and pedestrians and drivers should be made to comply with traffic regulations. Those who break traffic regulations must be punished. Drunk driving should be strictly forbidden. I do believe everything will be better in the future.
2). 写作模板
A.
Sometimes we find there are really many problems / difficulties in ________.
Then how can we manage to overcome all these? Step by step, first, ______. Secondly, ___________. Thirdly, _______ . Last, _______________________________________________.
After a period of painstaking efforts, I feel that ________________________ .
B.
These days we often hear that ___________________________________________________ .
There are some possible reasons for that. In the first place, _______________________________. In the second place, _______________________________.
To solve the problem is not easy at all, but is worth trying. We should do something such as __________ to improve he present situation, and I do believe everything will be better in the future.
Useful sentences:
1.Now people are increasingly aware / conscious of …….
2.Recently the problem of …… has been in the limelight.
3.Generally speaking, the major reasons for ……can be listed as follows, ………….
4.Obviously / Apparently, several reasons contribute to / account for ……..
5.It is high time that quick / necessary action / steps / measures should be taken to …………
6.We should try every means to …………..
7.Many things can contribute to solving the problem, but the following ones may be most
effective. …………………
3). 演练题目:
On Power Failure
1．很多城市严重缺电
2．分析原因
3．提出解决办法
Green Olympics
1. 2008年中国要举办一次绿色奥运会
2. 为什么要提倡“绿色奥运”
3. 如何为绿色奥运做准备
4．观点论证题型
(1). 阐述观点
(2). 举例证明
(3). 重述主题
1). 范文
Sample 1)
It Pays to Be Honest
In our daily life, there are many occasions on which some people are dishonest to others. For
example, some businessmen sell fake product to their consumers; some students cheat in the exams.
Dishonest people are short-sighted. Those who sell fake products may make money at first, but consumers won’t buy their products a ny more. As a result, they will lose their fortune or even be sent to prison. By contrast, honest people gain a lot. Those who always tell truth or keep to their promise not only let others trust them but gain respect from other people as well. Such persons are sure to have a lot of good friends. Because they are trustable and respectable, everyone is eager to make friends with them. Besides, it is easier for a person with a good record to get a good job.
Generally speaking, anyone who is honest will be paid back later. In a word, honesty wins trust, respect and honor. So it is important that we should be honest.
Sample 2)
Practice Makes Perfect
The famous saying ―Practice makes perfect‖ is widely accepted today. It means if we practice unfamiliar things ag ain and again, we’ll be able to perform it perfectly.
The practice of learning English is a good example. We are not living in an English speaking country. So, in order to learn it well, we need extra practice, such as reading English books, going to English corners, or communicating with foreigners. Only sitting at the desk cannot lead to the mastery of English.
As another example, if we want to be skilled in using the computer, we also need to practice using it. Some children become little experts in computer, just because they play with it everyday. On the contrary, if we just stick to books, we will still feel confused when using computers.
Judging from the evidence offered, we might safely draw the conclusion that practice makes perfect.
2). 写作模板：
A famous old saying goes that _____________________________ . It means that _____________________________ .
I have had such experiences for many times. _____________________ is a good example. _______________________. Another case in point is ___________________________________.
Whatever you do, please remember ___________________ . If you understand it and apply it to your study or work, you’ll necessarily benefit a lot from it.
3). 演练题目:
Nothing is Impossible
1.中国有句老话, ―世上无难事，只怕有心人‖.
2.举例证明
3.事情的成功往往取决于人的态度
Hope Project
1.希望工程对于渴望教育而又上不起学的孩子来说意义非凡
2.举例说明
3.我的观点
Idle Young, Needy Old
1. 解释谚语
2. 结合现实举例论证
3. 珍惜时光，从现在做起
(二)．应用文
1. 信件类
1). 范文学习
Sample 1)
A letter to a Schoolmate
Dear Xiao Wang,
I’m delighted to learn that you are going to visit me during the week-long vacation. My parents will also be happy to see you again. I’m sure you will enjoy every minute here.
I know you are fond of swimming. A river lies not far away from my home. We can go swimming there. I think it would be very pleasant and refreshing to swim in such hot summer days. In every big room of my home there is an air-conditioner. We can watch TV, play CDs or read books very comfortably at home. A mountain about two miles away from here is beautiful and it is worth touring. We can go there on foot. When we climb to the top of the mountain, we can have a wonderful bird-eye view of the whole village.
Just phone me before you set off. There is no need for you to take anything. I’ll prepare everything for you.
I am looking forward to seeing you soon.
Yours sincerely,
Wang Lin
Sample 2)
A Letter to the University President about the Canteen Service on Campus
Dear Mr. President,
I’m very lucky to attend this world-famous university, but I’m afraid I’m not content with the canteen service on campus.
Firstly, the quality of the dishes should be improved. Undoubtedly, there are a lot of delicious dishes, but all the year round, they are the same. More and more students are complaining about eating the same food each day. So I think the most urgent problem is variety. Secondly, the price is a bit too high. Many of us hope that the canteen can provide us with not only delicious but also cheaper food. Finally, the environment is so noisy that we can’t enjoy our meals in good mood. I suggest that there be some soft music to help us relax.
These suggestions are not just of my own, but also of many other students. We hope our respectable president will pay attention to our suggestions. By the way, the canteen workers are very patient and always smiling. So I think if our university offers them better conditions, they will offer us better service.
Best wishes,
Yours respectfully,
Li Ming
sample 3)
A Letter in Reply to a Friend
Dear Lily,
I am glad to receive your letter. In your letter, you asked me about what major you should choose in our school. I would like to offer my suggestion and I hope it will help you in some way.
In my opinion, as you are an arts student, I advise you to choose the English major. The reasons mainly lie in two aspects: the best liberal-arts subject in our school is the English language major because English department is the biggest one in our school which has many excellent professors and the best teaching facilities; English major students will be in higher demand in the la bor market with China’s entry into WTO and the development of global economy.
The entrance to our English department demands good command of English, especially the spoken English because there is an additional oral test. Therefore, to prepare for it, you should improve your spoken English. The way to improve, I suggest, is to listen to the native speakers by radio or TV, and then imitate their pronunciations and tone. The most important is, you should speak aloud and practice more without fearing to losing face.
This is my personal advice and I hope I could give you some help. If you have any further questions, please feel free to write to me.
Best regards.
Yours sincerely,
Alice 2). 信的格式（personal letter）
3). 演练题目
A Letter to a Laid-off Acquaintance
1.对其下岗一事表示遗憾
2.对其如何克服困境提出建议
3.鼓励对方，并表示愿意提供帮助
A Letter of Consolation
1. 询问同学病情，表示关切
2. 谈谈班级近况，表达思念之情
3. 表达希望同学早日康复并返校学习的良好祝愿
A Thank-you Letter
假如你叫王平，刚刚从法国巴黎参加完一个国际研讨会回国。请按下列信息给你在巴黎的朋友Greg Thomas写一封感谢信。
1.感谢他带你在巴黎观光。参观Eiffel Tower, Louvre, Arc De Triomphe等景点。
2.感谢他邀请你到他家共进晚餐。
3.感谢他和他的夫人清早到机场为你送行。
2. 演讲稿
1). 范文学习
Sample 1)
A Campaign Speech
Dear fellow students,
I am grateful that you give me the chance to speak here. I am a junior in the Chemical Department.
Since I came into the university, I have always been the monitor of my class. I have done a very good job, and my classmates and teachers all give me a good praise. I am good at communicating and organizing.
I have a variety of hobbies, for example, basketball, football. I also like to help others. I am confident that my experience and personality make me qualified for this position.
If I am elected the chairman, I will try my best to do it well. I will organize more suitable activities for you. I will do more things to meet your demands as well. I sincerely hope that you can give me this chance, and I will not let you down. Thank you.
Sample 2)
Welcome to Our Club
Boys and girls,
I feel greatly honored to have you here tonight. First of all, allow me, on behalf of ―Star English Club‖ , to express our warm welcome. As valuable newcomers, you will, I believe, bring fresh blood to us.
Now let me introduce very briefly our English club, which is one of the oldest student organizations in our university. We organize various activities, such as weekend English corners, monthly English parties, book readings and speech contest. Many club members find our English parties most enjoyable, where they can chat with native speakers and enjoy English films.
Our club is not only a place for English learning but also a social occasion to meet new people. It offers opportunities for club members to meet regularly and exchange information. It also aims to promote an enthusiasm for English learning and help you to develop English skills. If you are having problems with English lessons, we are the solution. If you want to practice oral English, here is the right place to find partners. If you want to make friends with common interests, we have plenty of them.
A lot more interesting aspects and benefits are waiting for you to discover. Undoubtedly, you have made a wise decision by joining us!
Thank you!
2）演练题目
作为校学生会主席，你在欢迎来自美国加州大学的国际交流学生的晚宴上向他们表示欢迎的演讲稿。
1.向新同学的到来表示欢迎
2.回忆两校过去的友好合作及交流的历史
3.对今后两校学生的进一步交流表示美好祝福
3. 海报/ 通知
1). 范文学习
June 17,
2006
V olunteers Needed
You guys must have been tremendously tortured by the endless exams, undoubtedly longing for a relaxing summer vacation. Have you ever considered spending a meaningful summer instead of idling it away as usual?
Now you have a chance!
The Students’ Association is curre ntly recruiting volunteers for an activity--Harmonious Community, aiming at broadening our vision and helping us explore the essence of harmony. This theme will be highlighted through a series of social work to be initiated in the neighborhood.
At the outset, we volunteers are going to visit the Special Education Center and specifically, with assigned tasks like teaching and so on. Afterwards, we are going to take care of the seniors at the Home for the Aged. Then we will take part in the publicity activities in the community.
Anyone who is enthusiastic and willing to dedicate your time to this activity is welcome.
If interested, please sign up at the Students’ Association. Or you may email us at recruit@https://www.doczj.com/doc/5d14770458.html,.
Looking forward to your participation!
Students’ Association
2). 海报格式及写作要求
写作要求：将海报内容作为标题置于正上方，如Film News，Lecture等。正文部分要写清活动的具体内容、时间、地点、要求及主持或举办单位等。海报发出单位及日期放在下面。
写作要求：通知在上方居中处写上Notice或NOTICE一词作为标志。发出通知的单位名称或人名一般放在正文的右下角，也可放在正文上方。
3）演练题目
Notice
请根据下列信息写一则通知：
活动：英语演讲比赛
目的：提高英语口语
组织者：校学生会
参赛范围：大一大二学生
报名时间：5月25日以前
报名地点：学生会办公室
比赛时间：6月9日下午4：00
比赛地点：教学楼五楼礼堂
奖励办法：前五名
Write a poster inviting freshmen to join a student association
1. 协会正在招募新成员
2. 协会的历史、宗旨和开展的活动
3. 如何加入，联系方式
(三)．叙议结合文
1. 记叙一件事情
2. 阐述这件事情的原因/意义
3. 我的观点
1). 范文学习
Sample 1)
An Eye-Witness Account of a Traffic Accident
My name is Li Ming. I am studying at college. A week ago I saw a traffic accident , which is still vivid in my mind.
It was at about 9:00 on Saturday morning, June 15th, when I went out of the university to visit a friend of mine at another university. I was walking leisurely on the sidewalk when I heard a loud
crash of two vehicles just at the T-junction about 10 meters away. Two taxis crashed together. It was a traffic accident.
I went up and found that the two taxis were badly damaged. Both roofs were out of shape. One door of a car was knocked off and lying on the road. One driver was bleeding and another was shut in the taxi. Some people were trying to help the driver get out of the damaged car. One man
was calling the traffic policeman station. A lot of cars were jammed on the road.
From the stopping tracks on the road, it is clear that the two taxis were driving too fast. But it is just one of the reasons. In my opinion, the taxi drivers were eager to take more passengers and make a little more money. On the other hand, both drivers didn't show concern for one another. Both of them wanted to run in front of another. Therefore, the accident was inevitable. So we should let the drivers keep it in their mind that a little slower, a little safer. Taking care of other's lives means taking care of your own life.
sample 2)
The Day My Classmate Fell Ill (or Got Injured) During the SARS period in this spring, the year of 2003, one of my classmates, Li Ming, was struck down by the virus and was immediately sent to hospital.
The news spread quickly on campus. At first, we were terrified and wondered if we were infected too. However, through our government's publicity on mass media, we gradually conquered the fear and set out to try our best to help her. Some teachers provided daily necessities while some students recorded the English lessons for her so that Li Ming would not be left behind. With our care and concern, Li Ming recovered quickly.
Such an incident teaches us a good moral. Our society is warm, peaceful and full of love, in which people lend others a hand. Just like a famous song goes, "the world will turn into heaven if everyone contributes a little." and I do believe that it's my great honor to live in this love-filled paradise!
Sample 3)
In Honor of Teachers on the Occasion of Teacher's Day Now people are beginning to realize that Teacher’s Day is of great importance. So, I would like to send my best wishes to my teachers on this Teacher’s Day.
I had an unforgettable experience yesterday. In the morning, my classmates found me sick, and then I was sent to a hospital by my teacher in a few minutes. Finally, he spent the whole night taking care of me, though his son was in the same hospital at the same time.
Now, I strongly feel that something meaningful should be done for his kindness. I would tell this incident to my classmates to let them realize how lucky they are to have such a good teacher. Besides, as a student, I know how delighted our teacher would be if we get even a little progress. Obviously, there’s little doubt that further attention should be paid to this day and to all the teachers for whom this special day is intended.
2). 演练题目
The Day a Rainstorm Attacked My Hometown
1.去年夏天，你的家乡遭受了一次暴风雨袭击
2.记叙一件发生在那天的难忘的事情
3.通过这件事情你懂得了…….
(四). 图表类
1. 范文学习
Students Use of Computers
1 上图所示为1990年、1995年、2000年某校大学生使用计算机的情况，请描述其变化。
2. 请说明发生这些变化的原因（可从计算机的用途、价格或社会发展等方面加以说）。
3. 你认为目前大学生在计算机使用中有什么困难或问题。
Students Use of Computers
As the bar chart shows, the average number of hours a student in a certain university spent on the computer per week increased dramatically during the years of 1990 to 2000. As early as 1990, a student only spent one hour on average on the computer each week. Then five years later, the number increased four times. Finally in the year 2000, an average student was sitting in front of computer screen for as many as twenty hours every week.
Several factors may contribute to the sharp increase in the amount of time employed in computer use. First, the computer has a variety of applications in many walks of life. Second, with the development of society, computer skills have become a must for employment. Finally, the gradually lowered price of computers makes it possible for the computers to find its way to the ordinary family. All these result in the boom of computer use.
However, the computer use may also cause some problems. The computer, in my opinion, may be addictive, thus possibly exerting a negative impact on the physical as well as mental health of the students. To conclude, we still need take effective measures to make progress in student use of computers.
2. 写作模板
A
There are a growing number of ____ nowadays. Reading this chart, we can find that ________ has soared to _______ from _________ .
Generally speaking, there are several reasons for this. First of all , _________ . Also, ________ . Moreover, _________________________ .
Along with ______ , there arise some problems. The most serious one is that ___________ ___________________. It is urgent to ___________ in a proper way.
B
The graph shows the general trend in _________, it can be seen easily that .
There are many reasons explaining this situation. As for me, I consider the followings the important ones. Firstly, . Secondly, _______ .In addition, .
Above all, we now know about the problem and we should try to find some ways to solve it, for example, __________________________________.
Useful expressions and sentences:
1. pie chart, bar chart, line chart, table
2. amount to, add up to, come to, sum up to
3. rise, increase, go up, surge, jump to, soar to
4. decrease, increase to / by, decrease to / by, drop , fall , decline , lower
5. the highest point, the top, the summit, the peak
6. bottom, rock bottom, the lowest point
7. average, mean
8. fluctuate, rise and fall, ups and downs, go up and down, there is ups and downs in…
9. dramatically , sharply, greatly, rapidly, significantly, respectively, by contrast
10. account for/constitute/comprise/make up/ occupy 70% of …
11. 整体+be composed of / comprise / consist of+部分
12. A is three times as adj. as B
A is twice the length/size/width…. of B
A is once –er than B
14. be in direct ratio to/with , be in inverse ratio to/with
3. 演练题目
1.write out the message conveyed by the table
2.give your reasons for the phenomenon
3.predict the future trend and its influence on individuals and society
2012大学英语四级考试写作辅导 记叙文的思路与练习 记叙文是以叙述人物的经历和事物的发展变化过程为主要表现形式的一种文体。记叙文既可以以写人为主，又可以以写事为主。写记叙文要注意记叙文的“六大要素”即： 时间（When）——何时发生，有没有具体时间？ 地点（Where）——何地发生，有没有地点变化？ 人物（Who）——何人参与，谁是主角？ 事件（What）——发生了什么，有何特点？ 原因（Why）——事件的起因？ 结果（How）——事件的经过及结局？ 一般说来，在一篇记叙文中这六大要素是缺一不可的。 记叙文的思路就围绕这六大要素充分展开。 【例】四级考试中，只出现过一次专门的记叙文体裁的写作，即“An Early Morning Walk”（1988.6.），2003年6月出现过包含记叙文的作文，即“An Eye-Witness Account of a Traffic Accident”。 对于“An Early Morning Walk”，知道命题要求后，我们就要开始构思了。 When：题目已规定了是“清晨”，在这个时候，“我”去散步。 Where：到哪儿散步？去公园？在校园里？在街上（街上空气不好，还是不去！）。 Who：在公园里看到晨练的人：中老年人、年轻人、小孩子;在校园里看到读书背单词的学生。 What：人们热火朝天地做操，随音乐跳舞，打球，等等。 Why：清晨空气清新，适合锻炼;一日之际在于晨，背背书，读读单词。 当然，由这个题目可以令人想到很多东西，因篇幅所限，我们做了删减。
An Early Morning Walk One morning I got up very early，and everything around was very quiet. The sun had just risen，shining brilliantly and everything seemed to be covered with a layer of golden silk. There were only some birds singing occasionally in the tall trees. I strolled along the street toward the park，breathing the fresh air and feeling extremely happy. When I arrived at the park，I found，to my surprise，that there were so many people there. Men and women，boys and girls，all were enjoying themselves in their various activities. Some were doing morning exercises，some were playing badminton and some old people were having their tea while talking to each other cheerfully. I wandered around the park. To my delight，I found a few middle-school students talking to each other in English in one corner of the park. I went up and spoke to them in English. We soon became friends. I was very glad to find another opportunity to practice my spoken English. On the way home，I realized that an early morning walk really was good and healthful. Taking early morning walks makes one healthy and wise. 【点评】文章按照时间顺序（in chronological order），第一句话点明时间（One morning）、人物（第一人称“I”），并简要描述了早晨的特点（What was the setting），接着第二段第一句话交代地点（in the park），然后介绍公园里人们及作者的活动（What was happening），最后在文章结尾点题，即，归纳中心思想——Taking early morning walks makes one healthy and wise. 仅仅189个单词既满足了记叙文的“六大要素”，又有明确的中心思想和生动的细节，行文方式符合要求。 1. 以“A Most Unlucky Day”为题，想想该怎么写。注意：题目的中心词是“unlucky”。 When： Where： Who： What： Why： How： 参考思路
最牛英语口语培训模式：躺在家里练口语，全程外教一对一，三个月畅谈无阻！ 洛基英语，免费体验全部在线一对一课程：https://www.doczj.com/doc/5d14770458.html,/ielts/xd.html（报名网址） [范文9] importance of education the prosperity of a nation depends on the development of education. throughout the world whatever advance has been made in science and technology is due to education, which brings forth by scientists and inventors. it is never overdone no matter how one emphasizes the importance of education. there is no doubt that countries with undeveloped education will remain poor. education is as vital to the development of an individual as it is to that of a nation. of all the elements of success in our careers none is more vital than education. it is not the genius that makes the difference between success and failure. education is the driving power. in fact, most of the famous people in our times spent many years in studies. can you name any great men you admire who are not educated persons? yet some people are still ignorant of its importance. some parents, especially in the countryside, think that it is unnecessary to send their children to school. some other parents are so selfish that they have their children work for money. in consideration of the situation, compulsory education must be enforced to ensure that there will be enough educated young people for the future of our country. [范文10] the importance of self education self education brings success. though we students have teachers to help us, still we should pay more attention to self study. here are some suggestions. first, read outside our class. every new book one reads will benefit him in one way or another. the more we read, the more we are benefited. as life is short and knowledge is infinite, we should try to read as many books as we can. second, improve our memory and reasoning powers. if we read more and more, we can make our memory and reasoning powers improve to some degree. moreover, we shall be able to write more clearly and correctly. third, develop our character. when we have formed the habit of reading, we can put into practice what they have taught and build up a good character. in a word, if we want to educate ourselves, the most important thing for us to do is to read not only our textbooks, but also any other books that are within our reach. 五、图表、信函及其他 [范文1] should women have equal job opportunities with men? this table shows the different opinions about whether women should have equal job opportunities in the following three countries, china, the u.s.a. and japan. as can be seen in the table, the people who agree with this point exceed those who disagree, especially in china. however, there are still some people in the three countries, especially in japan who are against women’s equal job opportunities with men.
大学英语四级作文经典语句 综合运用篇 Along with the advance of the society more and more problems are brought to our attention, one of which is that.... 随着社会的不断发展，出现了越来越多的问题，其中之一便是____________。 As to whether it is a blessing or a curse, however, people take different attitudes. 然而，对于此类问题，人们持不同的看法。（Hold different attitudes 持不同的看；Come up with 提出different attitudes 有不同的看法） As society develops, people are attaching much importance to.... 随着社会的发展，人们开始关注............ People are attaching more and more importance to the interview during job hunting 求职的过程中，人们慢慢意识到面试的重要性。 As to whether it is worthwhile ....., there is a long-running controversial debate. It i s quite natural that people from different backgrounds may have divergent attitude s towards it. 关于是否值得___________的问题，一直以来争论不休。当然，不同的人对此可能持不同的观点。 In the process of modern urban development, we often find ourselves in a dilemma. 在都市的发展中，我们往往会陷入困境。 Recently the phenomenon has aroused wide concern, some people are in alarm tha t.... 最近，这种现象引起了人们的广泛关注，有人开始担心______________。 The human race has entered a completely new stage in its history, with the increas ingly rapid economic globalization and urbanization, more problems are brought to o ur attention. 人类进入了一个历史的崭新的阶段，经济全球化、都市化的速度不断加快，随之给我们带来了很多问题。 ...... plays such an important role that it undeniably becomes the biggest concern of the present world, there comes a question, is it a blessing or a curse?" _______显得非常重要而成为当今世界所关注的最大的问题，这是无可厚非的。不过，问题是："我们该如何抉择？" Now we are entering a new era, full of opportunities and challenges, 现在我们正在进入一个充满机会和挑战的新时代。 展现问题篇 问题的常用词：question, problem, issue Recently, the issue of ...... has been brought into public focus. 近来，_______的问题引起了社会的广泛关注。 Now we are entering a brand new era full of opportunities and innovations, and great changes have taken place in people's attitude towards some traditional practice. 现在我们进入了一个充满机遇和创新的崭新时代，很多人对某些传统的看法也发生了很
1. The Advantages and Disadvantages of Private Tutoring Private tutoring is “in”. A recent investigation shows that about 80 percent of pupils have private tutors. While private tutoring has both advantages and disadvantages, I feel that we should give more thoughts to its negative effects. Such a popular practice clearly indicates that people are attaching greater importance to education. Many parents either missed the chance of obtaining a good education themselves or have been too busy with their own business. When their children meet with difficulties in study, they are helpless. Private tutoring seems to be the only solution. As private tutoring is usually given on the one-to-one basis, the teacher knows the strong points as well as the weak points of the pupil; and teaching is, in most cases, directly to the point. Private tutoring benefits a lot of pupils, indeed. While on the other hand, private tutoring has its own disadvantages. For one thing, it takes up so much of the pupil’s time that they can hardly find enough time for rest or entertainment, which is essential for kids’ physical and mental health. Besides, some teachers, busy “shuttling” from one family to another, tend to neglect their regular teaching duties. What is more, some teachers are eager to help pupils do well on the test, offering the so-called tips for test-taking instead of helping them acquire
1995年1月 Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Can Money Buy Happiness? You should write no less than 100 words and you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below: 1.有人认为金钱是幸福之本(source of happiness) 2.也有人认为金钱是万恶之源(root of all evil) 3.我的看法 [范文]Can Money Buy Happiness? Can money buy happiness? Various people have various answers. Some people think that money is the source of happiness. With money, one can buy whatever he enjoys. With money, one can do whatever he likes. So, in their minds, money can bring comfort, security, and so on. Money, as they think, is the source of happiness. But there are still a lot of others who think that money is the root of all evil. Money drives people to steal, to rob, and to break the law. A lot of people became criminals just because they were in search of money. And in the Western countries, there is nothing that can’t be bought by money. Many people lose their own lives when hunting it. I think that money is essential to life and we cannot do without money. But even though money is necessary to life, it can’t buy happiness. Happiness is not something that can be measured by money. It is a state of mind. One can have plenty of money, with which he can buy whatever he wants, and at the same time he is not happy because he is never satisfied or he is troubled by various kinds of problems. Therefore, although money is necessary for a happy life, it can’t buy happiness. 1996年1月作文题目及范文 Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic The Two-day Weekend. You should write at least 100 words and you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below: 1. 双休日给大学生带来的好处。 2. 双休日可能给大学生带来的问题。 3. 我应当怎样过好双休日。 [参考范文]The Two-day Weekend The two-day weekend has brought a lot of benefits to college students. It not only offers us more time to get rid of tiredness and have a good rest, but also gives us more chances to take up some hobbies, such as fishing, reading, or gardening. From these activities we can learn many things outside the classroom, which will add to our knowledge. Despite the convenience it brings us, the two-day weekend has also given rise to quite a few problems. The most serious one is that the weekdays are filled with more lesson, sometimes too many. Because our classes are limited to Monday through Friday, we have to take more lessons each day than in the past. This leaves us little time to catch our breath during the weekdays. In order to benefit most from the two-day weekend, I have decided to make a good plan for the two-day weekend. Of course I should take this chance to relax. But during
作文范文之大学英语四级作文多少字
大学英语四级作文多少字 【篇一：四级考试作文要求及评分标准】 大学英语四级考试作文要求及评分 标准 《大学英语四、六级考试大纲》明确规定：大学英语四级考试写作部分考试时间为30分钟。要求应试者写出一篇不少于120个词的短文；写作命题源于日常生活和有关科技、社会文化等方面的一般常识，不涉及知识面过广、专业性太强的内容。其命题方式有：给出题目、或规定情景、或给出段首句续写、或给出关键词写短文、或看图作文。要求内容切题，文理通顺，表示正确，语篇连贯，无重大语言错误。 大学英语四级作文采用总体评 分(global scoring)方法，阅卷人员从内容和语言两个方面对作文进行综合评判。要考虑作文是否切题，是否充分表示思想，也要考虑所用语言（英语）是否能清楚而明确地表示思想。阅卷人员根据思想内容和语言表示的总体印象给出奖励分(reward scores)，而不是按语言点的错误数目扣分。 现在的大学英语四级考试是710分制，作文部分占15%，满分标准分为106分。阅卷时，作文部分满分为15分，阅卷标准分为5等：2分、5分、8分、11分和14分。 具体评分标准如下： 2分――条理不清，思路紊乱，语言支离破碎或大部分句子均有错误，且多数为严重错误。
5分――基本切题，表示思想不够清楚，连贯性差，有较多的严重错误。8分――基本切题，有些地方表示思想不够清楚，文字勉强连贯，语言错误相当多，其中有一些是严重错误。11分――切题，表示思想清楚，文字连贯，但有少量语言错误。 14分――切题，表示思想清楚，文字通顺，连贯较好，基本上无语言错误，仅有个别小错。 另有各档次标准样卷，阅卷人员参照样卷对考生的作文进行评分，首 先看考生的作文和哪个档次的样卷接近，然后上下浮动1分。字数不足应酌情扣分：110――119词：扣1分；100――109词：扣2分；90――99词：扣3分；80――89词：扣4分；70――79词：扣5分；60――69词：扣6分；50――59词：扣7分；50字以下，扣9分。 只写一段者：0-4分，只写两段者：0-9分（指规定三段的作文）。 白卷，作文与题目毫不相关，或只有几个孤立的词而无法表示思想的，判为0分。 孙子云：“知己知彼，百战不殆”。想在写作考试中获得成功，就必须首 先了解四级考试的要求和评分规则。下面以一篇题目为“do lucky numbers really bring good luck?”的作文为例来讲述几个最基本的道理。 【篇二：大学英语四级作文】 大学英语四级作文 1．why it is difficult ron college students to find jobs?(大学生求职为何难?)
大学英语四级作文常用的70个基本表达四级作文不知道如何备考?下面就跟新东方在线英语四级频道一起学习最基本的表达吧，这些在我们的考试中一定会用到!希望可以对大家的备考有帮助。 1. 接触各种思想/经历：be exposed to new ideas/experiences/problems 2. 人们认为：it is generally/widely believed/held/agreed that 3. 许多问题：a host/ number of problem 4. 引起人们注意：claim call/attract general/public/world attention to sth. 5. 意识到：there is a growing awareness(知道)/realization of/that，awaken sb. To the fact/danger 6. 适应新的形势/变化：adapt/adjust/accommodate(使适应) oneself to new environment/ change 7. 越来越：be increasingly +adj.，be on the rise，a growing number of 8. 接触社会：come into frequent/close contact with the world/society 9. 获得成功：achieve/accomplish success 10. 提出观点/建议：advance/put forward/come up with the arguments/ideas/suggestions
目录 1.Should We Help Strangers? 2.Don’t Rely Too Much on Computers https://www.doczj.com/doc/5d14770458.html, Talent Show 4.Killing Time Indoors 5.Restrict Mobile Phone in Library 6.My Opinion on Micro-blog 7.Celebrities as Products’ Spokespersons 8.Spam Message 9.Internet Slang 10.How to Relieve Stress 11.Is Military Training Necessary Now 12.Whom Do You Turn to When in Trouble? 13.On Self-employment of College Graduates 14.Text Messages on TV Shows 15.Attending Your Classes Regularly 16. A Brief Introduction to the University 17. A Letter to a Friend 18.Student Consultant to the Dean Wanted 19. A Letter of Thanks 20.ＡLetter of Job Application 21.How to Succeed in Passing CET-4?
22.Protect Non-Material Cultural Heritage 23.Suspend Schooling to Work 24.Registering Online with Real Names 25.Create a Conservation-Oriented Campus 26.Should Chinese Athletes Serve Overseas？ 27.Low-carbon Lifestyle 28.The Real-name Train Ticket System Launched 29.On Vegetarian 30.Should We Resume The Traditional Chinese Characters? 31.Principals Recommending Students to PKU 32.On Professional Ethics of Doctors 33.Should We Trace and Reclaim Cultural Relics Lost Overseas? 34.Should Enterprises Hold an Annual Meeting? 35.Should Universities Lower Admission Requirements for Celebrities 36.Does Technology Widen the Gap between the Poor and Rich? 37.On Lottery 38.Dialects in Movies and TV Series 39.Should Parents Read Their Children’s Diaries?
2006年12月23日英语四级作文真题及参考范文 【Direction】 １．许多人喜欢在除夕夜观看春节晚会 ２．但有些人提出取消春节晚会． ３．我的看法． 【参考范文】 The approach of the Chinese Lunar New Year poses a national issue concerning the necessity of holding the CCTV Spring Festival Gala. Its established status is being challenged by a growing number of people, especially by younger generations. It is increasingly difficult to cater for all tastes. Some individuals deem that it should be canceled or replaced by other programs. These young people focus their attention on other forms of celebration instead of immersing themselves in TV. Despite that, the majority of mid-aged people and senior citizens uphold the importance of the traditional performance. The most striking feature of this gala is its traditionally close link with ordinary people's lives. Most of people view this gala as an annual staple on the traditional Chinese Spring Festival Eve. They all have a restless night and glue their eyes on the television. I am not supportive of the view that the grand gala should be abandoned. Undoubtedly, it plays a vital role in the celebration of Chinese New Year. To increase its appeal and meet young adults' need, the upcoming performance should invite some big names including super stars from Hongkong and Taiwan. We are all eagerly anticipating this unforgettable evening show. 【点评】 本次四级考试作文总体上来说并不是很难。但表现出两个出人意料：一是体裁，二是题材。 对于体裁来说，本次四级作文属于正反对比论证类的文体。比较出人意料，又回到了老的考查模式。很多学生把考前死背的作文模板派上了用场。但是这只能得到最基本的分数。虽然
四级写作网络课堂十大必背范文 1、网络游戏 Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Online Games. You should write at least 120 words, and base your composition on the outline below: 1)现在有些大学生沉迷于网络游戏，家长和学校对此忧心忡忡， 2)但有人认为网络游戏并非一无是处， 3)你的看法。 Online Games As a product of modern computer and the Internet, online games have become very popular among college students. A great many students have enjoyed great pleasure and satisfaction from these games. But as we see, some students lacking self-discipline are too much indulged in these games so that their health and academic performances are affected. This phenomenon has caused much worry from the teachers and parents. However, some others argue that online games are not always harmful. They can train the ability of youngsters to respond to things quickly. Moreover, they can stimulate their imagination and their interest in computer science. More importantly, it does bring college students much pleasure and release their pressure greatly. From my point of view, online games are a wonderful entertainment if you play them in a reasonable way. When they interfere too much with your study, it is better for you to give them up at once. Yet if you have enough self-control over them, you can certainly obtain real pleasure and benefit a lot from them. 2、考证热 Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Certificate Craze on Campus. You should write at least 120 words, and base your composition on the outline below: 1)近几年大学校园内出现“考证热”， 2)产生这一现象的原因， 3)你的看法。 Certificate Craze on Campus In recent years, to get a certificate has become a new craze among college students. Just randomly ask a student on campus what he or she is busy doing, quite possibly, you may get the answer that he is preparing for a certificate of some kind. Why does this craze appear? There are mainly two reasons behind this phenomenon. To begin with, it is the employment pressure that forces college students to get more certificates. With the admission expansion of colleges, a lot more graduates have to face the fierce competition in the job market. How can one make himself more competitive?More certificates at hand, maybe. Furthermore, diploma and certificates a re still vital standards by which a good many employers measure a person’s ability. In order to increase the qualifications for a job, the students compel themselves to run from one exam to another. From my point of view, we should be more rational when it comes to certificates, since certificates do not necessarily pro ve one’s ability. Being crazy in getting certificates blindly is