人教版八年级上英语语法真题讲义
Unit 1
1. jack, good boy! Please pass ________ the glasses. I want to read the newspaper.
A. you
B. me
C. him
D. her
2.This morning I had ________ egg and a bottle of milk for my breakfast.
A. an
B. a
C. the
D.不填
冠词
定冠词
3. —How many ________ can you see in the following pictures?
—Three.
A. boys
B. animals
C. films
D. buildings
4. Timmy goes to school ________ every day. It's 5 minutes' walk from his home to school.
A. in a bus
B. by plane
C. on foot
D. by boat
5. Everything is ________ at night markets. You don't need a lot of money to have a good time.
A. cheap
B. bad
C. tired
D. dear
6. —Excuse me, ________ is the nearest bookshop?
—Go down the street and turn left at the second corner.
A. how
B. what
C. where
D. who
7. The sign tells us ________.
A. NO SMOKING
B. NO PARKING
C. NO PHOTOS
D. NO FOOD
8. —Can you play football?
—Yes, I can, ________ I can't play it very well.
转折关系
A. or
B. and
C. so
D. but
9. Last month, students had to have their lessons by internet ________ because of SARS.
A. on the playground
B. at home
C. in the street
D. near the hospital
10. It is ________ today than yesterday. Shall we go swimming this afternoon?
A .the hottest B. hot
C. hottest
D. hotter
最高级要加the，由于hot为重读闭音节所以要双写t加est。
11. Listen! Some of the girls ________ about Harry Potter. Let's join them!
A. are talking
B. talk
C. will talk
D. talked
出现listen,look等词，优先考虑使用进行时态。
12. ________ Chinese are looking for ways to learn English well before Beijing 2008 Olympics.
A. Thousand
B. Thousands
C. Thousand of
D. Thousands of
数字+thousand原形正确
Thousands of 正确，其他形式不正确
13. Our teacher, Miss Chen, ________ English on the radio the day before yesterday.
A. teaches
B. taught
C. will teach
D. had taught
14. Do you know ________ during the coming summer holiday?
A. what will Tom do
B. what did Tom do
C. what Tom will do
D. what Tom did
考虑两点问题就能解题：
1．语序：陈述语序
2．时态：看时间状语
15. The English novel is quite easy for you. There are ________ new words in it.
A. a little
B. little
C. a few
D. few
判断标准：
1．Little few的区别
2．肯定还是否定
16. I don't think I ________ you in that dress before.
A. have seen
B. was seeing
C. saw
D. see
17. Today some newly-produced mobile phones can take pictures ________ a camera.
A. as
B. for
C. like
D. of
18. —You want ________ sandwich?
—Yes, I usually eat a lot when I'm hungry.
A. other
B. another
C. others
D. the other
19. —Don't you think you should paint the wall?
—Who would ________?
A. see
B. look
C. watch
D. notice
20. —I forgot to bring my notebook.
—________. You can borrow some paper from me.
A. Help yourself
B. I'm sorry
C. No problem
D. So careless
Unit 2
1. That girl is new in our class. Do you know ________ name?
A. her
B. she
C. he
D. his
2. Look! there ________ some apples in that tree.
A. is
B. was
C. are
D. were
判断条件：
1．倒装真正的主语的单数复数
2．时态
3. —Can you play with a yo-yo, Jim?
—Yes, I ________ . It's easy.
A. must
B. can
C. need
D. may
Can与may的区别：can表示自身能力，may表示许可
4. I'd like something to read. Would you please pass me the ________?
A. pen
B. box
C. ruler
D. book
5. The computer is very useful in our life, ________ it?
A. isn't
B. wasn't
C. hasn't
D. doesn't
反意疑问句中提问部分助动词和主句要一致
6. —________ is a ticket for the film hacker II?
—About forty Yuan.
A. How old
B. How many
C. How much
D. How often
7. September 10th is ________.
A. Women's Day
B. Children's Day
C. Mid-autumn Day
D. Teachers' Day
8. Be careful, ________ you will fall off the tree.
A. so
B. or
C. but
D. and
9. —Li Lei did very well in the English exam.
—Oh, yeah! He is ________ English.
A. weak in
B. angry with
C. good at
D. afraid of
10. She will have a holiday as soon as she ________ the work next week.
A. finishes
B. doesn't finish
C. will finish
D. won't finish
条件句中一般现在时表示将来时态为考试的考察重点内容
11. This second-hand camera is much ________ than that new one.
A. cheap
B. cheaper
C. dear
D. dearest
12. —Where is Mr. Green now? I haven't seen him for a few days.
—He ________ Hong Kong.
A. has been to
B. had been to
C. had gone to
D. has gone to
注意：been to 在考试中从来没有作为正确选项
13. —Could you let me know ________ yesterday?
—Because the traffic was heavy.
A. why did you come late
B. why you came late
C. why do you come late
D. why you come late
14. It's too dark here. Please ________ the light.
A. turn back
B. turn down
C. turn on
D. turn off
15. Which of the following means "No Photos"?
Unit 3
1. Could you show me the way to the post office?
A. make
B. ask
C. tell
D. want
2. Most of the American people are friendly.
A. friend
B. lucky
C. well
D. kind
选择替代词的时候一定要保证词性一致
3. She looked tired after a long walk.
A. seemed
B. saw
C. watched
D. found
系动词有：
Be动词
keep, remain, stay, lie, stand
seem, appear, look
feel, smell, sound, taste
become, grow, turn, get,
trun out
4. His new shirt is too expensive.
A. dear
B. large
C. long
D. cheap
5. I received a letter from one of my friends in Beijing yesterday.
A. read a letter for
B. heard from
C. wrote a letter to
D. heard
6. This ruler is mine. ________ is over there.
A. She
B. She's
C. Her
D. Hers
形容词性物主代词+名词=名词性物主代词
7. There ________ some children playing on the playground.
A. is
B. are
C. has
D. have
8. We are all here ________ Li Ming because he is ill.
A. besides
B. and
C. except
D. of Besides是包含关系
Except是不包含关系
9. Their daughter is ________ Lucy.
A. old than
B. very old than
C. as older as
D. as old as
10. ________ make him do that. He is too young.
A. Don't
B. Not to
C. To not
D. To don't 祈使句用don’t开头否定
11. I don't have ________ dresses, but I have ________ skirts.
A. any, any
B. some, some
C. any, some
D. some, any
12. —Is it ________ English dictionary?
—Yes, and it is ________ useful one.
A. a, a
B. a, an
C. an, a D, an, an
13. Eat less, ________ you'll get fat.
A. or
B. and
C. but
D. so
14. I don't know the word. Could you help me to ________ in the dictionary?
A. look it
B. look at it
C. look after it
D. look it up
15. ________ people are fighting against SARS.
A. Million of
B. A million of
C. Millions of
D. Several millions
16. ________ to ask me for help.
A. Why don't come
B. Why not come
C. Why not to come
D. Why to not come
17. Have you ever heard ________ interesting story?
A. so
B. such
C. so an
D. such an
18. You ________come if you ________ busy tomorrow.
A. not need, are
B. must, will be
C. needn't, are
D. needn't, be
19. —Is your father in?
—No, he________ for three hours.
A. was out
B. has been out
C. went out
D. has gone out
20. I didn't know ________they could pass the exam or not.
A. that
B. what
C. which
D. whether
Unit 4
1. —Do you enjoy your stay in Hangzhou?
—Yes. I've had ________ wonderful time.
A. a
B. an
C. the
D. 不填
2. —This digital camera is really cheap!
—The ________ the better. I'm short of money, you see.
A. cheap
B. cheaper
C. expensive
D. more expensive
3. —It's a nice car. ________have you been in it?
—Just to Shanghai.
A. How much
B. How long
C. How soon
D. How far
4. —What is a writing brush, do you know?
—It's used ________ writing and drawing.
A. with
B. to
C. for
D. by
Be used to doing习惯做某事
Used to do过去常常做某事
Be used to do被动形式，表示什么东西被用来做什么
Be used for doing 被动形式，表示什么东西被用来做什么
5. —Where is jack, please?
—He ________ be in the reading room.
A. can
B. need
C. would
D. must
情态动词表示推断为情态动词重点考试内容。
肯定句中might 否定句中can’t couldn’t 6. —Did you see Tom at the party? —No, he ________ by the time I got there. A. left B. was leaving C. had left D. has left 过去完成时态一定是过去的过去概念。 ----------+---------------+-------------+----------- A B C 过去完成时过去时现在 7. —Alice, you ________ on the phone. —I'm coming. thanks. A. want B. are wanted C. are wanting D. have wanted 8. Tracy can't play the match now. Please ________ instead. A. have Lily do it B. have Lily to do it C. make Lily to do it D. let Lily to do it 9. My school is about twenty _________ walk from here? A. minute B. minutes' C. minute's D. minutes 10. It is said that SARS has killed more than ________ people worldwide. A. two hundreds B. two hundreds' C. two hundred's D. two hundred 11. George Mallory was an English school teacher ________ loved climbing. A. who B. whom C. he D. which 定语从句 We all like Old Fish that is handsome. 先行词关系词 关系代词：which, who, whom, whose, that 关系副词：when, why, where 1．先行词指人，用who/whom （1）who可以做主语、宾语、或者表语，但who之前不能有介词 （2）whom只能做宾语或者表语，但在all of/many of加先行词时后只能加whom 注意：who.whom做宾语可以省略 2．先行词为物，用which （1）which可以代单词 （2）which可以代短语 （3）which可以代句子 3．that与which区别 （1）只能用that情况 先行词有人有物 先行词为 all, little, few, much, none, the first, etc 先行词为不定代词 先行词前修饰词为 any, only, every, no, some, much, few, little, the first, the best, the only, the on, the very, the right, the last （2）只能用which情况 非限定性定语从句 关系词前有介词 4．whose表示所属关系 （1）whose后加名词 （2）可以代人可以代物 （3）先行词加whose加名词=先行词加名词 of which结构 介词+关系代词=关系副词 关系代词后加不完整句 关系副词/介词+关系代词后加完整句 主系表：主系表都有，完整句 主系表缺一个，不完整句 主谓宾：谓语动词为及物动词：主谓宾都有，完整句 主谓宾缺一个，不完整句 谓语动词为不及物动词：主+动词+介词+宾语，完整句 主+动词，完整句 主+动词+介词，不完整句12. —I'm waiting for the mail. Do you know ________ it will arrive? —Usually it comes by 4:00 A. how B. where C. when D. what 13. —This dress was last year's style. —I think it still looks perfect ________ it has gone out this year. A. so that B. even though C. as if D. ever since 14. —I've got an offer in New York. —Oh, ________! But I'm going to miss you. A. that's too bad B. I'm sorry C. I beg your pardon D. that's great 15. My work is ________ done. I'll be right with you. A. hour after hour B. now and then C. more or less D. more and more 答案：Unit 4ABDCD CBABD ACBDC Unit 5 1. Every day Mr. Hu checks ________ homework and corrects the mistakes we make. A. his B. her C. our D. its 2. —________ are you going to London? —By air. A. How B. When C. Where D. Why 3. ________ her way home, Liu Mei helped a lost child find his mother. A. By B. In C. At D. On 4. Let me have a ________. I'm so tired after the long walk. A. look B. talk C. rest D. swim 5. After years of hard work, his dream ________ in the end. A. came out B. came true C. came over D. came up 6. The dumplings taste ________. Please help yourself. A. bad B. so-so C. well D. delicious 7. The plan is all right. ________, it can be made better. A. Then B. However C. And D. Or 8. Jack jumped ________ than Jim in the long jump. A. higher B. faster C. farther D. longer Long jump为跳远，比较时只能用farther 9. A single good player can never win a team match, ________ he? A. can B. can't C. must D. needn't 10. ________, China will send up a spaceship with people into space. A. Before long B. So far C. From then on D. Long before Before long用将来时，表示不久之后 Long before用过去时，表示在很久以前 11. In our school several ________ students are able to search the internet for useful information now. A. hundred of B. hundreds for C. hundred D. hundreds 12. —What else do you want? —Oh, we don't need ________. A. nothing more B. something more C. more anything D. anything more 13. —Hello! Would you like to go to the concert with me tonight? —I'm sorry I can't. Mother won't ________ me to go out in the evening. A. let B. allow C. offer D. ask 14. —How do you like the DVD? —________. A. It's like a book B. It's made in Hong Kong C. It's about travel D. It's wonderful How do you like问的是评价。 15. These pictures will show you ________. A. what does our hometown look like B. what our hometown looks like C. how does our hometown look like D. how our hometown looks like 答案：Unit 5CADCB DBCAA CDBDB Unit 6 1. Have you heard from your uncle? A. received a letter from B. got news from C. heard about D. heard the voice of 2. We enjoyed ourselves at the party yesterday. A. played ourselves B. drank ourselves C. had a good time D. looked after 3. Be careful! A car is coming near. A. Look up B. look out C. look for D. Look at 4. Her father joined the Party last year. A. entered B. came into C. became a member of D. took part in Join party意思为入党，为抽象概念，不能使用A.D选项 5. They reached New York the day before yesterday. A. got B. get to C. arrived in D. passed 6. —Will you pass me today's newspaper? —________. A. Yes, please B. Here you are C. You are welcome D. Not at all 7. I have never read ________ interesting book before. A. so a B. such a C. so an D. such an 8. —Dinner isn't ready yet. —How ________ will it be ready? A. soon B. long C. much D. often 9. The Smiths __________ China for three years. A. have come B. have been to C. have been in D. have come to 加段时间状语不能使用非延续动词 10. —I've got a new dictionary. —How much did you ________ it? A. buy B. spend C. pay for D. cost Pay/spend为人做主语 Take/cost为物做主语 Take为花时间 Cost为花钱 11. —May I speak to Mr. Brown? —________. A. No, you can't B. I'm sorry, he is out C. I'm Miss Gao D. Yes, I am 电话场景 12. I think maths is ________ difficult than English. A. very B. much C. as D. much more 13. Your mother is sleeping. You'd better ________. A. not wake up her B. not to wake up her C. not wake her up D. not to wake her up You’d better do You’d better not do 14. You will find ________ useful to learn even a little English. A. it B. it was C. that D. this 考试中find和think用法一样 只有两种形式正确： 1．Find/think it adj. 2. find/think that it is adj. 15. Shanghai is ________ the largest cities in the world. A. between B. among C. of D. in 16. —Will you show me the photo of your family? —OK. I'll ________ it here tomorrow. A. take B. bring C. carry D. catch 17. Yesterday I was just to go out ________ someone telephoned me. A. when B. while C. as D. that 18. All the boys were very tired, but ________ of them would take a rest. A. all B. neither C. any D.none 19. ________ fine weather it is! A. What B. How C. What a D. How a 感叹句两种形式： 1．What+n 2. How +adj. 20. He spoke very fast and very ________ people understood what he said. A. little B. a little C. few D. a few 21. The heavy snow stopped them ________ the village. A. from leave B. from left C. from leaving D. leave Stop from doing Prevent from doing 22. The songs ________ the Beetles sang were very popular. A. which B. who C. whom D. whose 23. Do you still remember ________ at the meeting? A. that Jim said B. what Jim said C. did Jim said that D. what did Jim said 24. —Must I leave right now? —No, you ________. A. may not B. can't C. mustn't D. needn't 25. I liked to play football when I was young , ________. A. So he was B. So was he C. So did he D. So he did 答案：Unit 6 ACBCC BDACC BDCAB BADAC CABDC Unit 7 1. A patient is waiting for the doctor. A. vet B. farmer C. sick person D. old person 2. In spring, many people from abroad are invited to Yangzhou. A. wanted B. begged C. asked D. made 3. Melissa know that all along. A. all together B. all over C. at all D. all the time 4. —Would you like to see a movie this weekend? —Terrific! I'd love to. A. Great B. Sure C. Terrible D. OK 5. If you think of the answer, please tell me. A. look for B. think about C. take care of D. come up with 6. —What's the ________ today? —It's June 22. A. time B. day C. date D. month 提问日期采用句型what’s the date today? 7. ________ fine mornings, old people get together and do exercise by the lake. A. On B. At C. To D. In 具体某一天早晨，晚上用介词on 8. After the P.E. class, the teacher offered us something ________. A. drink B. drinking C. drunk D. To drink 9. The police caught the man ________ stole my handbag. A. he B. that C. whom D. which 10. —I can't find my pen. Can you lend me ________? —Sorry, I'm using it myself. A. you B. your C. yourself D. yours 11. Pardon? I ________ hear you. A. don't B. didn't C. can't D. won't 12. —How can I improve my spoken English? —You have to practise ________ as much as you can. A. speak B. speaking C. spoken D. to speak Practice doing Give up doing Finish doing, etc 13. Most kids find ________ interesting to play football. A. it B. this C. that D. one 14. ________ cool it is to take a picture with Yao Ming! A. What B. What a C. How D. How a 15. —The TV programme is boring. Shall we play chess instead? —All right. That is ________ than watching a boring programme. A. very good B. much good C. very better D. much better Much修饰比较级用来加强语气 16. —Is ________ here? —No, Bob is ill at home. A. anybody B. somebody C. everybody D. nobody 17. —What are you going to do in the future? —I'd like to be a doctor _______ you are. A. so B. as C. what D. when 表示象的概念可以用as/like As加句字，like 加名词 18. —You forgot to make the bed. —Oh, so I did. ________ and do it at once. A. I'll go B. I've gone C. I go D. I'm going 19. She bought a digital camera online ________ she saved a lot of time. A. so that B. as soon as C. no matter D. such that 20. —Do you mind if I ________ the TV a bit? —Yes, I do, because I'm busy with my homework now. A. turn on B. turn up C. turn down D. turn off 21. —Waiter, I'd like some Yangzhou Fried Rice. —Sorry, sir. Yangzhou Fried Rice ________ only for lunch and dinner. A. serves B. served C. is serving D. is served 22. —You bought a nice CD. —Thank you. It doesn't ________ me too much. A. spend B. pay C. cost D. use 23. —Where's Mr. Zhang? —He ________ London. A. has been to B. has been C. has gone D. has gone to 24. Every morning, we are asked ________ taken our temperatures. A. if we have B. if have we C. if we had D. if had we 25. —I'm going on a trip to Hainan after the exam. —Really?________! A. Have a nice time B. Congratulations C. OK D. It' s nice of you 答案：Unit 7 CCDAD CADBD BBACD CBAAB DCDAA Unit 8 1. The story happened ________ the evening of august 2. A. on B. in C. to D. at 2. The woman ________ the child quickly and took him to hospital. A. put on B. dressed C. had no D. was wearing 3. Mother told her son ________ in the street. A. not play B. to not play C. doesn't play D. not to play Tell sb. to do sth. Tell sb. not to do sth. 4. His uncle ________ in three days. A. returns B. listening music C. returned D. will return 5. They're going to have ________ holiday next month. A. a two weeks B. two-week C. a two-week D. two weeks 6. Lucy is interested in ________. A. listen to music B. listening music C. flying kites D. read books 7. There is ________ in today's newspaper. A. nothing new B. anything new C. new anything D. new something 8. ________ travelers come to visit our city every year. A. Hundred of B. Hundreds of C. Five hundreds D. Hundred 9. John began to study French last Sunday. ________. A. His brother did so B. So did his brother C. So his brother did D. His brother so did 10. My parents ________ Shandong for ten years. A. have been in B. have been to C. have gone to D. have been 11. Grandpa was ill. We must ________ a doctor. A. send away B. be sent for C. send for D. sent for 12. The young man is ________ carry that heavy bag. A. strong enough to B. enough strong to C. not strong enough D. strong enough 13. This TV set is too loud. Will you please ________? A. turn down it B. turn it down C. to turn it down D. to turn down it 14. Wei Hua ran ________ than Hui Fang. A. much slower B. very more slowly C. much more slowly D. very slowly 15. Do you know any other foreign language ________ English? A. except B. but C. beside D. besides 16. —________ , please? —I think it's about 5:30. A. What day is it B. What's the date C. Where's your watch D. What's the time 17. —What does your mother do? —________. A. She's tall B. She's a doctor C. She's very well D. She's in an office 提问对象为职业 18. —Would you like one of the mooncakes? —________. A. Yes, please B. Yes, I would C. No, please D. No, I don't 19. —May I speak to Tom, please? —________. A. Yes, I am B. I'm speaking C. Yes, you may D. This is Tom speaking 20. —My mother is in hospital. I have to look after her this afternoon. —________. A. That's all right B. That's true C. I'm sorry to hear that D. all right 21. —________? —I'm looking for a shirt for myself. A. Can you help me B. What can I do for you C. What did you say D. Do you want to buy it 22. —________? —Yes, go along this road and take the third turning on the left. A. How far is the station B. Which bus can I take C. Is there a station near here D. Where is the station 23. —Jim, please don't look out of the window. —________. A. It's right B. I know that C. Sorry, I won't do it again D. It doesn't matter 24. 当别人说：“你的衣服很漂亮”时，你应该说“________。” A. Don't say that B. Thank you C. No, you're wrong D. Not at all 25. 当有人向你借钢笔时，你应该说：“________。” A. Certainly! Here you are B. Never mind C. That's nothing D. No, thanks 答案：Unit 8 ABDDC CABBA CABCD DBADC BCCBA Unit 9 1. Jack got a letter for his uncle yesterday. A. posted B. wrote C. received 2. The girl found it hard to make friends there. A. happy B. difficult C. easy 3. Tom agreed to go with us in the end. A. in a minute B. at last C. at the same time 4. He was glad to see his friends. A. sad B. bad C. happy 5. Mother asked Mary to answer the ________ for her. A. call B. letter C. question 6. That is your bag. ________ is over there. A. My B. Mine C. Me 7. There is ________ food here. We'll have to buy some. A. any B. some C. no 8. The new student is in ________. A. Class 2 B. Class Second C. 2 Class 9. The teacher wrote the words ________ the blackboard. A. with B. in C. on 10. Mr. Smith is an English teacher ________ will teach us English next term. A. or B. and C. but 11. My sister is ________ me. A. as tall as B. as taker than C. much taller as 12. Jane is ________ student in our class. A. much better B. the best C. good 13. Her ________ are white and beautiful. A. face B. back C. teeth 复数概念只有teeth正确 14. I think your mother ________ good at cooking. A. am B. is C. are 15. There ________ a football game in our school. A. has B. will have C. will be 16. Tom ________ to bed early but his brother doesn't. A. goes B. has gone C. went 17. He turned off the light and then ________. A. leaves B. left C. will leave And 前后要保持时态一致，为平行结构 18. We ________ if it doesn't rain tomorrow. A. come B. came C. will come 条件句中从句用一般现在时表示将来时，主句用将来时 英语语法讲义 以下是为大家整理的英语语法讲义的相关范文，本文关键词为英语,语法,讲义,学习,资料,欢迎,下载,英语,语法,讲义,，您可以从右上方搜索框检索更多相关文章，如果您觉得有用，请继续关注我们并推荐给您的好友，您可以在综合文库中查看更多范文。 学习好资料欢迎下载 英语语法讲义 前言 第一章英语的时态 第一节一般现在时的用法第二节一般过去时第三节一般将来时：第四节现在完成时第五节过去完成时第六节将来完成时第七节现在进行时第八节过去进行时第九节将来进行时 第二章动词 第一节系动词第二节助动词 第三节短语动词（动词短语）：起动词作用的短语第四节非谓语动词（动词短语） 第三章独立主格第四章虚拟语气第五章感叹句第六章从句 第一节名词性从句 名词性从句一：引导名词从句的连接词名词性从句二：名词性that-从句名词性从句三：名词性wh-从句 名词性从句四：if/whether引导的名词性从句 第二节定语从句 定语从句一：关系代词引导的定语从句定语从句二：关系副词引导的定语从句 定语从句三：限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句定语从句四：介词&关系词 定语从句五：as,which非限定性定语从句定语从句六：关系代词that的用法 第三节状语从句 状语从句一：地点状语从句状语从句二：方式状语从句状语从句三：原因状语从句状语从句四：目的状语从句状语从句五：结果状语 从句状语从句六：条件状语从句状语从句七：让步状语从句第七章形容词和副词 第一节形容词：第二节副词 第八章主谓一致结束语 学习好资料欢迎下载 前言 首先，我们简要讨论一下要不要学习英语语法的问题。 中国目前现阶段主张英语语法可以不学的人往往这样说：“我们中国人，如果智力正常，从小就会说汉语，能遣词造句，没见过哪个小孩先学语法再学话的。再说，英语讲得多了，有了语感，语法还不是水到渠成的事。” 本人个人认为这种实践出真知的说法具有一定的科学正确性，不可完全否认。但我仍主张学一点英语语法理论。 语法，实际上就是给你语言整体上的语感（规则），学习语法的目的，不仅仅是要获得解释语言现象的鱼，更重要的是要让你知道如何用语感去钓语言深层的鱼。 就目前而言，我认为通过学习英语语法，求得对英语的整体感觉非常重要。以前初高中我们只是学习一些语言点，语言现象，最高级 初中英语语法 一、词类、句子成分和构词法： 1、词类：英语词类分十种： 名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。 1、名词(n.)：表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。如：boy, morning, bag, ball, class, orange. 2、代词(pron.)：主要用来代替名词。如：who, she, you, it . 3、形容词(adj..)：表示人或事物的性质或特征。如：good, right, white, orange . 4、数词(num.)：表示数目或事物的顺序。如：one, two, three, first, second, third, fourth. 5、动词(v.)：表示动作或状态。如：am, is,are,have,see . 6、副词(adv.)：修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等。如：now, very, here, often, quietly, slowly. 7、冠词(art..)：用在名词前,帮助说明名词。如：a, an, the. 8、介词(prep.)：表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。如in, on, from, above, behind. 9、连词(conj.)：用来连接词、短语或句子。如and, but, before . 10、感叹词(interj..)表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。如：oh, well, hi, hello. 2、句子成分：英语句子成分分为七种：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足 语。 1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。通常用名词或代词担任。如： I’m Miss Green.(我是格林小姐) 2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。主要由动词担任。如：Jack cleans the room every day. (杰克每天打扫房间) 3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。通常由名 词、代词或形容词担任。如：My name is Ping ping .(我的名字叫萍萍) 4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。通常由名词或代词担任。如：He can spell the word.(他能拼这个词) 有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间 接宾语。间接宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面。如：He wrote me a letter . (他 给我写了一封信) 有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接 宾语。如：He wrote a letter to me . (他给我写了一封信) 高考英语语法突破四大篇：专题4 数词 框架结构图 基数词的构成及作用 1.常用基数词表 2.基数词构成歌诀 1至12逐个记，13至19 teen结尾。 20至90整十位，ty结尾是后缀。 要是表示“几十几”，连字符十位连个位。 若要表示“几百几”，hundred之后and立。 若要用于复合形容词，连字符相连不加-s。 注意：(1)hundred，thousand，million，billion等词前有基数词或several时，须用单数；与of连用时，用复数，但其前面不能再加数词。如： six hundred people hundreds of people (2)dozen前有具体数词修饰时，用单数，of可省略；当dozen后面接these，those，them，us等词时，须先接of，再接这些词，但dozen仍不加-s；dozens of中的of不可省。score 用法和dozen相当，但of一般不省略。 several dozen pencils dozens of students three dozen of these eggs two dozen of them two score of eggs scores of books 3.基数词的位置 常位于another，all之后，such，more之前，可置于last，next，other之前或之后。another two days all the ten books one more apple two such pens his last two days/his two last days 4.基数词的句法功能 (1)主语 Three will be enough. (2)宾语 The city has a population of three million. (3)表语 The population of this city is nearly two million. (4)同位语 They two went to the cinema. (5)定语 The river is about eight miles long. 序数词的构成及作用 1.常用序数词表 初中英语语法八大时态复习讲义资料 1.一般现在时态结构 肯定句式: 主语+动词原形/动词的第三人称单数+其他 否定句式: 主语+（助动词） don't/doesn't +动词原形+其他 一般疑问句式: Do/Does+主语+动词原形+其他 简略回答: (肯)Yes,主语+do/does (否)No,主语+do/does not 缩写形式: don't = do not doesn't = does not 例句：He often goes swimming in summer. I usually leave home for school at 7 every morning. 2.一般现在时的用法 1）表示经常的或习惯性的动作，常与表示频度的副词连用。 常用的频度副词有： always、often、 usually、seldom、never、sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays。频度副词在句中通常放在行为动词之前，系动词、助动词之后。 例如: He often goes swimming in summer.他夏天经常游泳。 I usually leave home for school at 7 every morning. 每天早上我七点离开家。 2）表示现在的状态。 例如：My father is at is very busy. 我父亲在工作，他很忙。 The boy is twelve. 这男孩十二岁。 3）表示主语具备的性格、特征和能力等。 例如：All my family love football .我全家人都喜欢足球。 My sister is always ready to help others . 我妹妹总是乐于助人。 Ann writes good English but does not speak well. 安英语写得不错，讲的可不行。 4)表示客观真理、客观存在、自然现象。 例如：The earth moves around the sun. 地球绕太阳转动。 Shanghai lies in the east of China. 上海位于中国东部。 5）表示按计划或安排好的，或将要发生的动作，可用一般现在时表将来。 但只限于start,begin,leave,go,come,arrive,return,take place等。 例如：The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. 火车明天上午六点开。 He comes back tonight. 他今晚回来。 6）在复合句中，当主句是一般将来时，时间或条件状语从句的谓语动词只能用一般现在时来表示将来要发生的动作。 例如： I'll tell him the news when he comes back. 他回来时，我将告诉他这个消息。If you take the job , they will talk with you in greater details. 如果你接受这份工作，他们将和你谈谈细节。 1.一般过去时态结构 前言 第一章英语的时态 第一节一般现在时的用法 第二节一般过去时 第三节一般将来时： 第四节现在完成时 第五节过去完成时 第六节将来完成时 第七节现在进行时 第八节过去进行时 第九节将来进行时 第二章动词 第一节系动词 第二节助动词 第三节短语动词（动词短语）：起动词作用的短语第四节非谓语动词（动词短语） 第三章独立主格 第四章虚拟语气 第五章感叹句 第六章从句 第一节名词性从句 名词性从句一：引导名词从句的连接词 名词性从句二：名词性that- 从句 名词性从句三：名词性wh- 从句 名词性从句四：if/whether引导的名词性从句第二节定语从句 定语从句一：关系代词引导的定语从句 定语从句二：关系副词引导的定语从句 定语从句三：限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句 定语从句四：介词&关系词 定语从句五：as, which 非限定性定语从句 定语从句六：关系代词that 的用法 第三节状语从句 状语从句一：地点状语从句 状语从句二：方式状语从句 状语从句三：原因状语从句 状语从句四：目的状语从句 状语从句五：结果状语从句 状语从句六：条件状语从句 状语从句七：让步状语从句 第七章形容词和副词 第一节形容词： 第二节副词 第八章主谓一致 结束语 前言 首先，我们简要讨论一下要不要学习英语语法的问题。 中国目前现阶段主张英语语法可以不学的人往往这样说：“我们中国人，如果智力正常，从小就会说汉语，能遣词造句，没见过哪个小孩先学语法再学话的。再说，英语讲得多了，有了语感，语法还不是水到渠成的事。” 本人个人认为这种实践出真知的说法具有一定的科学正确性，不可完全否认。但我仍主张学一点英语语法理论。 语法，实际上就是给你语言整体上的语感（规则），学习语法的目的，不仅仅是要获得解释语言现象的鱼，更重要的是要让你知道如何用语感去钓语言深层的鱼。 就目前而言，我认为通过学习英语语法，求得对英语的整体感觉非常重要。以前初高中我们只是学习一些语言点，语言现象，最高级的也只是学习了一些独立成块的构词造句，而从没有在空中俯瞰英语语法的脉络和走向，从而造成了盲人摸象，重复记忆，使学生在各个细微的语法现象间迷了路！ 英语语法书很多，学习英语语法的方法也不少。但是学好一样东西，根本没有绝对好的方法。如果号称包治百病的医生，要么是庸医，要么是骗子。事实上，每个人可以根据自己的实际情况，在不断尝试中摸索出适合自己的方法。 归根结底，语言就是规律和例外的组合！！如果两三年内你能把所有的语言规范和所见的语言特例都积累下来，你就是语法精通者！ 第一讲英语的时态 在这里我先声明一点，有许多同学都要问，也有许多老师问我，时态是基于动词用来表达英语里的基本时间逻辑概念的高级语法，时态的基础-动词你都没有讲，更别说构成英语句子的名词，形容词，代词，副词了，你讲什么时态？怎么讲？岂不是无米之炊？ 在这里大家先明确一点，就是在座的各位都已经不是英语的初级学者，而现阶段存在主要问题不是什么细节问题，而是有没有一个良好的，过硬的基础框架问题！ 英语语法里的时态，是随口就说，动笔就有的东西，如果这种基础都不过硬，不管你掌握了多么高深的词汇，多么华丽的句式，都会因为把漂亮的砖瓦错误地放置在了没有根基的建筑结构上，最终都会变成一堆废料！ 这就好像盖一栋楼，没有哪个人会说我们先要漂亮的砖瓦，在要稳固百年的混凝土结构！因为都知道，结构不牢固，砖瓦会塌下来砸人！而结构牢固，添置漂亮的砖瓦只是时间和积累的问题！ 明白了这层关系以后，我们就正式开始我们的语法课程：英语时态。 在开始讲解之前，我想先问大家一个问题：英语一共有几种时态？ 英语一共有16种时态：（见表） 动词不定式用法 动词不定式没有人称和数的变化，在句中不能独立作谓语。但动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词特征，在句中可以作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、表语和状语等多种成分。另外，动词不定式具有动词特点，可以有自己的宾语和状语，组成动词不定式短语。动词不定式的肯定形式是to＋do；其否定形式是not to＋do。 下面以动词不定式在句中的作用来予以详细说明。 1．作主语 可以直接作主语。如：To see is to believe． 但在英语中，常用it作形式主语，真正的主语即动词不定式放在后面。如： It's wrong to play tricks on other people． It's our duty to keep our environment clean and tidy． 点击规律：动词不定式在句中作主语时，常放在It is ＋adj +(for sb.)＋(not)to do sth句型中，表示说话人对客观事件的决断，意为：做…..是……的，it仅作形式主语，真正的主语是to do sth It is very interesting to read.读书是有趣的 It is useful to read.看书是有用的 It is healthy to run every day.每天跑步是健康的 It is a little difficulty for me to work out this question.解出这道题对我来说有点难 It is bad not to finish homework.不完成作业是糟糕的 It is bad to be late for school.迟到是糟糕的 It is+adj+of sb +(not)to do sth该句型通常表示说话人对客观事件的惊讶、兴奋、懊悔、难过等感叹情绪，与It is ＋adj +(for sb.)＋(not)to do sth的意义不同。 It is very kind of you to tell me the truth．你能告诉我事实，真是太好了 It is stupid of him to do such a silly thing．他做那件傻事，真是太笨了 It is very clever of you to work out this question. 你能解出这道题目，真是太聪明了 It is very wise of you to read this novel. 你看这本小说，真是太明智了 这个句型中用介词of而不是for的原因是这里的形容词是用来形容人的品质性格的。 类似的词有：careless，careful，clever，considerate，foolish，good，impolite，kind，naughty，nice，silly，stupid，friendly 因此区分是用It is ＋adj +(for sb.)＋(not)to do sth还是It is+adj+of sb +(not)to do sth，要 五四语法十二特殊句型 语法考点剖析 考点一 there be句型 主要用来表达“某处有某物、某人或某事”，there无实际意义。be动词的单复数形式由最靠近它的名词或代词的单复数形式决定，也可以根据具体要求有多种时态变化。 There is a small village at the foot of the mountain.山脚下有一个小村庄。 There is an apple and two bananas on the table.桌子上有一个苹果和两个香蕉。 There is going to be a wonderful concert this weekend.本周末将有一场精彩的音乐会。 ★There be句型不能与实义动词have连用，其一般将来时结构为there is/are going to be或there will be。 单项选择 1．(2018·吉林中考改编)Let's save pandas! There only about 2，000 pandas living in the forests now. A．am B．is C．are D．be 2．(2018·吉林长春中考)Nowadays, there more heroes in China. We admire them a lot. A．is B．are C．was D．were 考点二感叹句 1．What ＋ a/an ＋adj.＋可数名词单数＋主语＋谓语！ 2．What ＋adj.＋可数名词复数＋主语＋谓语！ 3．What ＋adj.＋不可数名词＋主语＋谓语！ 4．How＋adj./adv.＋主语＋谓语！ (一)单项选择 1．(2018·湖北随州中考)— sweet the flowers smell in spring! —Yes, many tourists come to enjoy them every day. 初二英语语法真题讲义 主讲：王川 欢迎使用新东方在线电子教材 第二部分历届试题精选 Unit 1 1. jack, good boy! Please pass ________ the glasses. I want to read the newspaper. A. you B. me C. him D. her 2.This morning I had ________ egg and a bottle of milk for my breakfast. A. an B. a C. the D.不填 冠词 不定冠词 零冠词 3. —How many ________ can you see in the following pictures? —Three. A. boys B. animals C. films D. buildings 4. Timmy goes to school ________ every day. It's 5 minutes' walk from his home to school. A. in a bus B. by plane C. on foot D. by boat 5. Everything is ________ at night markets. You don't need a lot of money to have a good time. A. cheap B. bad C. tired D. dear 6. —Excuse me, ________ is the nearest bookshop? —Go down the street and turn left at the second corner. A. how B. what C. where D. who 7. The sign tells us ________. A. NO SMOKING B. NO PARKING C. NO PHOTOS D. NO FOOD 8. —Can you play football? —Yes, I can, ________ I can't play it very well. 转折关系 A. or B. and C. so D. but 9. Last month, students had to have their lessons by internet ________ because of SARS. A. on the playground B. at home C. in the street D. near the hospital 10. It is ________ today than yesterday. Shall we go swimming this afternoon? A .the hottest B. hot C. hottest D. hotter 最高级要加the，由于hot为重读闭音节所以要双写t加est。 11. Listen! Some of the girls ________ about Harry Potter. Let's join them! A. are talking B. talk C. will talk D. talked 出现listen,look等词，优先考虑使用进行时态。 12. ________ Chinese are looking for ways to learn English well before Beijing 2008 Olympics. 高中英语语法讲义——名词 名词的数 单数名词变复数名词的常用法则 （1）一般情况直接加-s, 如：books, trees. （2）以-s, -x, -ch, -sh结尾的加-es, 如：glasses, boxes, watches, brushes. （3）以辅音字母加-y结尾的名词把-y改为-i再加-es. 如：stories, countries. （4）以-o结尾的常在词尾加-s，但中学英语中下列名词要加-es, 它们是：黑人英雄 ．．中吃土豆 ．．、西． ．．．．在回声 红柿 ．．，即Negroes, heroes, echoes, potatoes, tomatoes. 下列以-o结尾的名词既可加-es, 也可加-s,它们是：zeros (zeroes)零, mosquitos (mosquitoes)蚊子, volcanos (volcanoes) 火山。 （5）以-f或-fe结尾的名词变为复数时一般直接加-s，但下列名词需把f或fe去掉，加-ves，它们是：为 了自己 ．．和一片树叶 ．．上，把狼．劈成了两半．，即：selves, lives, ．．．．站在架子 ．．手里拿着刀子 ．．和他的妻子 ．．活命．，小偷 thieves, wives, knives, loaves, leaves, shelves, wolves, halves. 但下列以-f结尾的名词既可变f为v后加-es，也可直接在f后加-s，它们是：handkerchiefs (handkerchieves)手帕，scarfs (scarves)围巾。 （6）合成名词变复数时，通常只将里面所含的主体名词变为复数，如果没有主体名词，则将最后一部分变为复数。如sons-in-law女婿；passers-by过路人；storytellers讲故事的人；housewives家庭主妇。（7）“man/ woman+ n.”变复数时，作定语的man/ woman和中心词都要变复数。 men teachers男老师women engineers女工程师 （8）不规则复数形式 ①变内部元音 foot-feet man-men woman-women tooth-teeth mouse-mice goose-geese gentleman-gentlemen ②单复数同形的名词 sheep deer spacecraft太空船 aircraft飞行器Chinese Japanese David 一名词的分类： 1.名词可以分为专有名词和普通名词，专有名词是某个（些）人，地方，机构等专有的名称，如Beijing，China等。普通名词是一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念的名词，如：book，sadness等。普通名词又可分为下面四类：1）个体名词：表示某类人或东西中的个体，如：gun。 2）集体名词：表示若干个个体组成的集合体，如：family。 3）物质名词：表示无法分为个体的实物，如：air。 4）抽象名词：表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念，如：work。 二，名词变复数： 2 名词复数的不规则变化1）child---children foot---feet tooth---teeth mouse---mice man---men woman---women 注意：由一个词加man 或woman构成的合成词，其复数形式也是-men 和-women，如an Englishman，two Englishmen。但German不是合成词，故复数形式为Germans；Bowman是姓，其复数是the Bowmans。 2）单复同形，如deer，sheep，fish，Chinese，Japanese ，li，jin，yuan，two li，three mu，four jin等。但除人民币的元、角、分外，美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。如：a dollar, two dollars; a meter, two meters。 3）集体名词，以单数形式出现，但实为复数。例如： people police cattle 等本身就是复数，不能说a people，a police，a cattle，但可以说a person，a policeman，a head of cattle, the English，the British，the French，the Chinese，the Japanese，the Swiss 等名词，表示国民总称时，作复数用，如The Chinese are industries and brave.中国人民是勤劳勇敢的。 4）以s结尾，仍为单数的名词，如： a. maths，politics，physics等学科名词，一般是不可数名词，为单数。 b. news 为不可数名词。 c. the United States，the United Nations 应视为单数。 The United Nations was organized in 1945. 联合国是1945年组建起来的。 d. 以复数形式出现的书名，剧名，报纸，杂志名，也可视为单数。例如： "The Arabian Nights" is a very interesting story-book. 《一千零一夜》是一本非常有趣的故事书。 5）表示由两部分构成的东西，如：glasses （眼镜）trousers,clothes等，若表达具体数目，要借助数量词pair（对，双）;suit（套）; a pair of glasses; two pairs of trousers等。 6）另外还有一些名词，其复数形式有时可表示特别意思，如：goods货物，waters水域，fishes（各种）鱼。 物质名词和抽象名词可以借助单位词表一定的数量，如a glass of water 一杯水/ a piece of advice一则建议。 5. 定语名词的复数 名词作定语一般用单数，但也有以下例外。 1) 用复数作定语。例如： sports meeting 运动会students reading-room 学生阅览室talks table 谈判桌the foreign languages department 外语系2）man, woman, gentleman等作定语时，其单复数以所修饰的名词的单复数而定。 例如：men workers women teachers gentlemen officials 3）有些原有s结尾的名词，作定语时，s保留。例如： goods train （货车）arms produce武器生产customs papers 海关文件clothes brush 衣刷4）数词+名词作定语时，这个名词一般保留单数形式。例如： two-dozen eggs两打鸡蛋 a ten-mile walk 十英里路two-hundred trees 两百棵树 a five-year plan.一个五年计划 不定代词 一、不定代词的定义： 不指明代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词叫做不定代词。不定代词在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语或定语等。不定代词可以分为一般不定代词和复合不定代词。 二、一般不定代词及用法 1. some/any 含义：“一些”，既可以修饰可数名词，也可以修饰不可数名词。 区别：1). some用于陈肯句；any用于疑问句或否定句。 I can see some flowers, but I can`t see any apples. 2). some 用在疑问句中有表示请求或建议的功能；any用在肯定句中有强调或加强语气的功能，意为“任何”。Would you like some coffee You may come at any time. 2. many/much 注意：“many”和“much”前可有so, too等词进行修饰。 There are too many mistakes in your diary. So many people are waiting for the bus. Sorry, I’m afraid I can’t go with you. I’ve got too much work to do. 3. few/a few/little/a little He has a few friends.他有几个朋友。He has few friends. 他几乎没有朋友。 We still have a little time. There is little time left. 4. both, either, neither, all, every, none 5. “other” 、“another”、“others”和“the others” I have two pencils. One is yellow, the other is red. I don’t like this green pencil, please give me another one. In our class, some students like playing football, others like playing basketball. 高考语法讲义 一．非谓语动词 一．不定式： 一）不定式的常考形式： 1)一般形式：He decided to work harder in order to catch up with the others. 被动形式:He preferred to be assigned some heavier work to do. 语法功能：表示与谓语动词同步发生 2)完成形式：He pretended not to have seen me. 被动形式：The book is said to have been translated into many languages. 语法功能：表示发生在谓语动词之前 二）不定式常考的考点： 1）不定式做定语----将要发生 2）不定式做状语----目的 3）不定式充当名词功能---To see is to believe. 三)不定式的省略 1)感官动词see,watch,observe,notice,look at,hear,listen to,smell,taste,feel +do表示动作的完整性，真实性； +doing表示动作的连续性，进行性 I saw him work in the garden yesterday. 昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。(强调"我看见了"这个事实) I saw him working in the garden yesterday. 昨天我见他正在花园里干活。（强调"我见他正干活"这个动作） 感官动词后面接形容词而不是副词：The cake tastes good?It feels comfortable. 2)使役动词have bid make let等词后不定式要省略但同1)一样被动以后要还原to I‘d like to have John do it. I have my package weighed. Paul doesn’t have to be made to learn. 3)help help sb do help sb to do help do help to do 四)有些动词后只跟不定式如： want，wish，hope，manage，promise，refuse，pretend，plan，offer，decide，agree，expect allow sb to do,cause sb to do,permit sb to do,enable sb to do force sb to do.be more likely to do love to do warn sb to do be able to do be ambitious to do.begin to do.start to do We agreed_______here，but so far she hasn't turned up yet．（NMET 1995） A．having met B．meeting C．to meet D．to have met（Key：C） 五)有的时候to后面要接-ing形式 accustom(oneself)to?be accustomed to?face up to?in addition to?look forward to?object to?be reduced to?resign oneself to?be resigned to?resort to?sink to?be used to?be alternative to?be close/closeness to?be dedication/dedicated to?be opposition/opposed to?be similarity/similar to. 三、need/want后的-ing形式具有被动的意思。其中，want不太常用。 He needs(a lot of)encouraging. 二.动名词：具有动作性特征的名词 1)是名词seeing is believing 2)具有动词性特征可以带宾语starving troops is necessary. 一)动名词的形式: 一般形式：I don't like you smoking. 完成形式：I regret not having taken your advice. 初中英语语法时态精讲版 Prepared on 24 November 2020 初中英语动词时态精讲 一般现在时 一、动词的第三人称词尾变化： 当主语是第三人称单数时，谓语动词需加-s或-es： 注意：动词have的第三人称单数是has. 二. 一般现在时的用法 1）表示经常的或习惯性的动作，常与表示频度的副词连用。常用的频度副词有： always、often、 usually、seldom、never。频度副词在句中通常放在行为动词之前，系动词、助动词之后。 例如: He often goes swimming in summer.他夏天经常游泳。 I usually leave home for school at 7 every morning. 每天早上我七点离开家。 2）表示现在的状态。 例如：My father is at is very busy. 我父亲在工作，他很忙。 The boy is twelve. 这男孩十二岁。 3）表示主语具备的性格、特征和能力等。 例如：All my family love football .我全家人都喜欢足球。My sister is always ready to help others . 我妹妹总是乐于助人。 Ann writes good English but does not speak well. 安英语写得不 错，讲的可不行。 4)表示客观真理，客观存在，自然现象。 例如：The earth moves around the sun. 地球绕太阳转动。 Shanghai lies in the east of China. 上海位于中国东部。 5）表示按计划或安排好的，或将要发生的动作，可用一般现在时表将来。但只限于start,begin,leave,go,come,arrive,return,take place等。 例如：The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. 火车明天上午六点开。 He comes back tonight. 他今晚回来。 6）在复合句中，当主句是一般将来时，时间或条件状语从句的谓语动词只能用一般现在时来表示将来要发生的动作。 例如： I'll tell him the news when he comes back. 他回来时，我将告诉他这个消息。 If you take the job , they will talk with you in greater details. 如果你接受这份工作，他们将和你谈谈细节。 一般过去时 1）表示过去某个时间所发生的动作或存在的状态。常和表示过去的时间状语yesterday, last week, an hour ago,just now, the other day, in 1982等连用。在一般过去式中，要表达“过多少时间之后”，一般用after。几年后。例如：Where did you go just now 刚才你上哪儿去了 专题3 介词 框架结构图 介词的句法功能 1.介词不能单独使用，但“介词＋宾语”构成的介词短语可在句中作状语、定语、表语、宾语补足语、主语补足语等。 2.介词后的宾语可以是名词、代词、动名词、疑问词＋不定式、wh-从句等。 介词的核心考点 介词是虚词，不能单独作句子成分，必须与名词、代词(或相当于名词的其他词类、短语或从句等)构成介词短语，在句中充当一个成分。 1.介词搭配 (1)“动词＋介词”搭配：注意特定搭配与同一介词与多个动词搭配意义不同的情况。 ①rob sb.of sth./cle ar the road of snow(表示“夺去，除去”意义的动词与of 连用) ②supply us with food/fill the glass with wine(表示“供给”意义的动词与with连用) ③make a desk of wood/make bread from flour/make the material into a coat(表示“制作，制造”意义的动词与of，from，into连用) ④“介词＋the＋部位”与动词的关系(＝动词＋sb.’s＋部位，可换用) strike him on the head(表示“击；拍；碰；摸”意义的动词与on连用) catch him by the arm(表示“抓；拉；拿；扯”意义的动词与by连用) hit the boy in the face(表示“肚；胸；眼；脸”等人体前部的器官名词与in连用) ⑤prevent(stop，keep) sb.from doing sth.(表示“阻止，禁止”意义的动词与from连用) ⑥persuade(advise，warn) sb.into doing sth.(表示“说服；建议；警告”意义的动词与 高中英语语法 一、英语词法 1、实词：是指有实在意义，能独立承担句子成分的词名词、代词、形容词、副词、数词、动词 2、虚词：没有实在意义，不能独立承担句子成分 冠词、介词、连词、感叹词 二、英语句法 1、简单句 2、并列句 3、复合句 （1）名词性从句 ◆主语从句 ◆表语从句 ◆宾语从句 ◆同位语从句 （2）定语从句 ◆限定性定语从句 ◆非限定性定语从句 （3）状语从句 ◆时间状语从句 ◆条件状语从句 ◆地点状语从句 ◆原因状语从句 ◆方式状语从句 ◆结果状语从句 ◆目的状语从句 ◆比较状语从句 ◆让步状语从句 三、其他句型 倒装句 强调句 省略句 It 用法和There be 句型 动词时态 非谓语动词 虚拟语气 主谓一致原则 反意疑问句 第一讲：句子类型与句子成分 一、句子种类和类型 1、句子种类 陈述句；疑问句；祈使句；感叹句 2、句子类型 简单句:由一个主语加一个谓语构成. 并列句：两个或两个以上的简单句用并列连词连在一起构成的句子,叫做并列句,其基本结构是“简单句+并列连词+简单句”。并列连词有：and, but, or, so, either…or.. neither...nor.. however not only…but also 等. 并列句中的各简单句意义同等重要，相互之间没有从属关系，是平行并列的关系。Hurry up or you'll be late. He is rich while I’m poor. 复合句: 由主句和其他从句组成。 并列复合句：含有复合句的并列句. ★I asked a man who has a wife and three children who did the cooking in his house and he replied that whoever came home from work first did it. 二、句子成分 That girl is doing her homework now. 主语： 主语是句子陈述的对象，说明是谁或什么情况。表示句子说的是"什么人"、“什么事”、“什么东西”、“什么地方”等等。名词、代词、数词、动名词、To do不定式、一个句子都可以做主语。 All roads lead to Rome. How to do it well is an important question. 谓语 谓语是对主语动作或状态的陈述或说明,指出“做什么”、“是什么”或“怎么样”. 谓语动词的位置一般在主语之后。一般由动词或动词短语承担，具有各种时态、语态及语气的变化。 I seldom go to the cinema. He has already left. We are students She fell ill last week 宾语 宾语，又称受词，是指一个动作（动词）的接受者。一般而言，及物动词后面最少要有一个宾语，而该宾语通常为直接宾语。名词、代词、数词、动名词、To do不定式、一个句子都可以做宾语，而to do不定式用于宾语补足语。 We study English at school. He enjoys listening to the music. 直接宾语：表示动作的承受者或结果，通常指物。 Lend me your dictionary.英语语法讲义
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