启用前·绝密
2011年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试
英语（二）试题
[英语]（A2卷）
考生注意事项
1. 考生必须严格遵守各项考场规则。
2. 答题前，考生应将答题卡上的“考生姓名”、“报考单位”、“考生编号”等信息填写清楚，并与准考
证上的一致。
3. 答案必须按要求填涂或写在指定的答题卡上。
（1）词汇知识、综合填空、阅读理解的答案填涂在答题卡（一）上，英译汉的答案和作文的写在答题卡（二）上。
（2）填涂部分应该按照答题卡上的要求用2B铅笔完成。如要改动，必须用橡皮擦干净。书写部分（英译汉的答案和作文）必须用蓝（黑）色字迹钢笔、圆珠笔或签字笔在答题卡上作答。
4. 答题卡严禁折叠。考试结束后，将答题卡（一）和答题卡（二）一起放入原试卷袋中，
试卷交给监考人员。
2011年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）试题
Section I Use of English
Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or
D on Answer Sheet 1 (10 points)
Individuals and businesses have legal protection for intellectual property they create and own. Intellectual property _1_from creative thinking and may include products, _2_, processes, and ideas. Intellectual property is protected _3_ misappropriation (盗用) Misappropriation is taking the intellectual property of others without _4_ compensation and using it for monetary gain.
Legal protection is provided for the _5_ of intellectual property. The three common types of legal protection are patents, copyrights, and trademarks.
Patents provide exclusive use of inventions. If the U.S. Patent Office _6_ a patent, it is confirming that the intellectual property is _7_. The patent prevents others from making, using, or selling the invention without the owner?s _8_ for a period of 20 years.
Copyright are similar to patents _9_ that they are applied to artistic works. A copyright protects the creator of an _10_ artistic or intellectual work, such as a song or a novel. A copyright gives the owner exclusive rights to copy, _11_, display, or perform the work. The copyright prevents others from using and selling the work. The _12_ of a copyright is typically the lifetime of the author _13_ an additional 70 years.
Trademarks are words, names, or symbols that identify the manufacturer of a product and _14_ it from similar goods of others. A servicemark is similar to a trademark _15_ is used to identify service. A trademark prevents others from using the _16_ or a similar word, name, or symbol to take advantage of the recognition and _17_ of the brand or to create confusion in the marketplace. _18_ registration, a trademark is usually granted for a period of ten years. It can be _19_ for additional ten-year periods indefinitely as _20_ as the mark?s use continues.
1. A. retrieves B. deviates C. results D. departs
2. A. services B. reserves C. assumptions D. motions
3. A. for B. with C. by D. from
4. A. sound B. partial C. due D. random
5. A. users B. owners C. masters D. executives
6. A. affords B. affiliates C. funds D. grants
7. A. solemn B. sober C. unique D. universal
8. A. perspective B. permission C. conformity D. consensus
9. A. except B. besides C. beyond D. despite
10. A. absolute B. alternative C. original D. orthodox
11. A. presume B. stimulate C. nominate D. distribute
12. A. range B. length C. scale D. extent
13. A. plus B. versus C. via D. until
14. A. distract B. differ C. distinguish D. disconnect
15. A. or B. but C. so D. whereas
16. A. identical B. analogical C. literal D. parallel
17. A. ambiguity B. utility C. popularity D. proximity
18. A. From B. Over C. Before D. Upon
19. A. recurred B. renewed C. recalled D. recovered
20. A. long B. soon C. far D. well
Section II Reading Comprehension
Part A
Directions: Read the following four passages. Answer the questions below each passage by choosing A, B,
C or D. Mark your answers on Answer Sheet 1 (40 points)
Text 1
Within a large concrete room, cut out of a mountain on a freezing-told island just 1,000 kilometers from
the North Pole, could lie the future of humanity.
The room is a vault (地下库) designed to hold around 2 million seeds, representing all known varieties of the world?s crops. It is being built to safeguard the world?s food supply against nuclear war, climate change, terrorism, rising sea levels, earthquakes and the collapse of electricity supplies. “If the worst came to the worst, this would allow the world to reconstruct agriculture on this planet.” says Cary Fowler, director of the Global Crop Diversity Trust, an independent international organization promoting the project.
The Norwegian (挪威的) government is planning to create the seed bank next year at the request of crop scientists. The＄3 million vault will be built deep inside a sandstone mountain on the Norwegian Arctic island of Spitsbergen. The vault will have metre-thick walls of reinforced concrete and will be protected behind two airlocks and high-security doors.
The vault?s seed collection will represent the products of some 10,000years of plant breeding by the world?s famers. Though most are no longer widely planted, the varieties contain vital genetic properties still regularly used in plant breeding.
To survive, the seeds need freezing temperatures. Operators plan to replace the air inside the
vault each winter, when temperatures in Spitsbergen are around -18℃. But even if some disaster meant that the vault was abandoned, the permanently frozen soil would keep the seeds alive. And even accelerated global warming would take many decades to penetrate the mountain vault.
“This will be the world?s most secure gene bank,” says Fowler. “But its seeds will only be used when all other samples have gone for some reason.”
The project comes at a time when there is growing concern about the safety of existing seed banks around the world. Many have been criticized for poor security, ageing refrigeration (冷藏) systems and vulnerable electricity supplies.
The scheme won UN approval at a meeting of the Food and Agriculture Organization in Rome in October 2005. A feasibility study said the facility “would essentially be built to last forever”.
21. The Norwegian vault is important in that _________________.
A. the seeds in it represent the rarest varieties of world?s crops.
B. the seeds in it could revive agriculture if the worst thing should happen
C. it is built deep in a mountain on a freezing-cold Arctic island
D. it is strong enough against all disasters caused by man and nature
22. The seed bank project was proposed by __________.
A. the Norwegian government
B. Norwegian farmers
C. Spitsbergen residents
D. agricultural scientists
23. The seeds in the vault will be stored ____________________.
A. as samples of world crop varieties
B. as products of world plant breeding
C. for their valuable genetic properties
D. for their resistance to plant diseases
24. For the seed bank project to be successful, the most important factor is probably________.
A. constructing tight airlocks
B. maintaining high security
C. keeping freezing temperatures
D. storing large quantities of seeds
25. Which of the following statements is true?
A. The Norwegian vault models after existing seed banks
B. The Spitsbergen seed bank is expected to last 10,000 years
C. The existing seed banks have potential problems
D. The UN financed the Spitsbergen seed bank
Text 2
Both the number and the percentage of people in the United States involved in nonagricultural pursuits expanded rapidly during the half century following the Civil War, with some of the most dramatic increases occurring in the domains of transportation, manufacturing, and trade and distribution. The development of the railroad and telegraph systems during the middle third of the nineteenth century led to significant improvements in the speed, volume, and regularity of shipments and communications, making possible a
fundamental transformation in the production and distribution of goods.
In agriculture, the transformation was marked by the emergence of the grain elevators, the cotton presses, the warehouses, and the commodity exchanges that seemed to so many of the nation?s farmers the visible sign of a vast conspiracy against them. In manufacturing, the transformation was marked by the emergence of a “new factory system” in which plants became larger, more complex, and more systematically organized and managed. And in distribution, the transformation was marked by the emergence of the jobber, the wholesaler, and the mass retailer. These changes radically altered the nature of work during the half century between 1870 and 1920.
To be sure, there were still small workshops, where skilled craftspeople manufactured products ranging from newspapers to cabinets to plumbing fixtures. There were the sweatshops in city tenements, where groups of men and women in household settings manufactured clothing or cigars on a piecework basis. And there were factories in occupations such as metalwork where individual contractors presided over what were essentially handicraft proprietorships that coexisted within a single building. But as the number of wage earners in manufacturing rose from 2.7 million in 1880 to 4.5 million in 1900 to 8.4 million in 1920, the number of huge plants like the Baldwin Locomotive Works in Philadelphia burgeoned, as did the size of the average plant. (The Baldwin Works had 600 employees in 1855, 3,000 in 1875, and 8,000 in 1900.) By 1920, at least in the northeastern United States where most of the nation?s manufacturing wage earners were concentrated, three-quarters of those worked in factories with more than 100 employees and 30 percent worked in factories with more than 1,000 employees.
26. What can be inferred from the passage about the agricultural sector of the economy after the Civil War?
A. New technological developments had little effect on farmers.
B. The percentage of the total population working in agriculture declined.
C. Many farms destroyed in the war were rebuilt after the war.
D. Farmers achieved new prosperity because of better rural transportation.
27. Which of the following was NOT mentioned as part of the “new factory system?”
A. A change in the organization of factories.
B. A growth in the complexity of factories.
C. An increase in the size of factories.
D. An increase in the cost of manufacturing industrial products.
28. Which of the following statements about manufacturing before 1870 can be inferred from the passage?
A. Most manufacturing activity was highly organized.
B. Most manufacturing occurred in relatively small plants.
C. The most commonly manufactured goods were cotton presses.
D. Manufacturing and agriculture each m ade up about half of the nation?s economy.
29. The author mentions the Baldwin Locomotive Works in Paragraph 3 because it was
A. a well-known metal-works
B. the first plant of its kind in Philadelphia
C. typical of the large factories that were becoming more common
D. typical of factories that consisted of a single building
30. The word “presided over” in Paragraph 3 are closest in meaning to
A. managed
B. led to
C. worked in
D. produced
Text 3
In 1985 when a Japan Air Lines (JAL) jet crashed, its president, Yasumoto Takagi, called each victim?s family to apologize, and then promptly resigned. And in 1987, when a subsidiary of Toshiba sold sensitive military technology to the former Soviet Union, the chairman of Toshiba gave up his post.
These executive actions, which Toshiba calls “the highest form of apology,” may seem bizarre to US managers. No one at Boeing resigned after the JAL crash, which may have been caused by a faulty Boeing repair.
The difference between the two business cultures centers around different definitions of delegation. While US executives give both responsibility and authority to their employees, Japanese executives delegate only authority—the responsibility is still theirs. Although the subsidiary that sold the sensitive technology to the
Soviets had its own management, the T oshiba top executives said they “must take personal responsibility for not creating an atmosphere throughout the Toshiba group that would make such activity unthinkable, even in an independently run subsidiary.”
Such acceptance of community responsibility is not unique to businesses in Japan. School principals in Japan have resigned when their students committed major crimes after school hours. Even if they do not quit, Japanese executives will often accept primary responsibility in other ways, such as taking the first pay cut when a company gets into financial trouble. Such personal sacrifices, even if they are largely symbolic, help to create the sense of community and employee loyalty that is crucial to the Japanese way of doing business.
Harvard Busine ss School professor George Lodge calls the ritual acceptance of blame “almost a feudal (封建的) way of purging (清除) the community of dishonor,” and to some in the United States, such resignations look cowardly. However, in an era in which both business and governmental leaders seem particularly good at evading responsibility, many US managers would probably welcome an infusion (灌输) of the Japanese sense of responsibility, If, for instance, US automobile company executives offered to reduce their own salaries before they asked their workers to take pay cuts, negotiations would probably take on a very different character.
31. Why did the chairman of Toshiba resign his position in 1987?
A. In Japan, the leakage of a state secret to Russians is a grave crime.
B. He had been under attack for shifting responsibility to his subordinates.
C. In Japan, the chief executive of a corporation is held responsible for the mistake made by its
subsidiaries.
D. He had been accused of being cowardly towards crises that were taking place in his corporation.
32. According to the passage if you want to be a good manager in Japan, you have to ________.
A.apologize promptly for your subordinates' mistakes
B.be skillful in accepting blames from customers
C.make symbolic sacrifices whenever necessary
D.create a strong sense of company loyalty
33. What?s Professor George Lodge?s attitude towards the resignations of Japanese corporate leaders?
A. sympathetic
B.biased
C. critical
D. approving.
34. Which of the following statements is TRUE?
A.Boeing had nothing to do with the JAL air crash in 1985.
B.American executives consider authority and responsibility inseparable.
C.School principals bear legal responsibility for students' crimes.
D.Persuading employees to take pay cuts doesn?t help solve corporate crises.
35. The passage is mainly about ______________.
A. resignation as an effective way of dealing with business crises
B. the importance of delegating responsibility to employees
C. ways of evading responsibility in times of crises
D. the difference between two business cultures
Text 4
The end of the nineteenth century and the early years of the twentieth century were marked by the development of an international Art Nouveau style, characterized by sinuous lines, floral and vegetable motifs, and soft evanescent coloration. The Art Nouveau style was an eclectic one, bringing together elements of Japanese art, motifs of ancient cultures, and natural forms. The glass objects of this style were elegant in outline, although often deliberately distorted, with pale or iridescent surfaces. A favored device of the style was to imitate the iridescent surface seen on ancient glass that had been buried. Much of the Art Nouveau glass produced during the years of its greatest popularity had been generically termed “art glass.” Art glass was intended for decorative purposes and relied for its effect upon carefully chosen color combinations and innovative techniques.
France produced a number of outstanding exponents of the Art Nouveau style; among the most celebrated was Emile Galle (1846-1904). In the United States, Louis Comfort Tiffany (1848-1933) was the most noted exponent of this style, producing a great variety of glass forms and surfaces, which were widely copied in their time and are highly prized today. Tiffany was a brilliant designer, successfully combining ancient Egyptian,
Japanese, and Persian motifs.
The Art Nouveau style was a major force in the decorative arts from 1895 until 1915, although its influence continued throughout the mid-1920?s. It was eventually to be overtaken by a new school of thought known as Functionalism that had been present since the turn of the century. At first restricted to a small avant-garde group of architects and designers, Functionalism emerged as the dominant influence upon designers after the First World War. The basic tenet of the movement—that function should determine form—was not a new concept. Soon a distinct aesthetic code evolved: form should be simple, surfaces plain, and any ornament should be based on geometric relationships. This new design concept, coupled with the sharp postwar reactions to the styles and conventions of the preceding decades, created an entirely new public taste which caused Art Nouveau types of glass to fall out of favor. The new taste demanded dramatic effects of contrast, stark outline, and complex textural surfaces.
36. What does paragraph 1 mainly discuss?
A. Design elements in the Art Nouveau style
B. The popularity of the Art Nouveau style
C. Production techniques for art glass
D. Color combinations typical of the Art Nouveau style
37. What is the main purpose of paragraph 2?
A. To compare different Art Nouveau styles
B. To give examples of famous Art Nouveau artists
C. To explain why Art Nouveau glass was so popular in the United States
D. To show the impact Art Nouveau had on other cultures around the world
38. What does the author mean by stating that “function should determine form” (para 3, line 6)?
A. A useful object should not be attractive
B. The purpose of an object should influence its form
C. The design of an object is considered more significant than its function
D. The form of an object should not include decorative elements
39. It can be inferred from the passage that one reason Functionalism became popular was that it
A. clearly distinguished between art and design
B. appealed to people who liked complex painted designs
C. reflected a common desire to break from the past
D. was easily interpreted by the general public
40. Paragraph 3 supports which of the following statements about Functionalism?
A. Its design concept avoided geometric shapes.
B. It started on a small scale and then spread gradually.
C. It was a major force in the decorative arts before the First World War
D. It was not attractive to architects and designers
Part B
Directions: Read the following text and then answer the questions by finding a subtitle for each of the marked parts or paragraphs. There are two extra items in the subtitle. Mark your answers on
Answer Sheet 1 (10 points)
A.Growth in the market for glass crafts
B.Historical development of glass
C.Architectural experiments with glass
D. A former glass technology
https://www.doczj.com/doc/5413384038.html,puters and their dependence on glass
F.What makes glass so adaptable
G.Exciting innovations in fiber optics
Glass, in one form or another, has long been in noble service to humans. As one of the most widely used of manufactured materials, and certainly the most versatile, it can be as imposing as a telescope mirror the width of a tennis court or as small and simple as a marble rolling across dirt. The uses of this adaptable
material have been broadened dramatically by new technologies: glass fiber optics—more than eight million miles—carrying telephone and television signals across nations; glass ceramics serving as the nose cones of missiles and as crowns for teeth; tiny glass beads taking radiation doses inside the body to specific organs; even a new type of glass fashioned of nuclear waste in order to dispose of that unwanted material.
41. _____________________________________
On the horizon are optical computers. These could store programs and process information by means of light—pulses from tiny lasers—rather than electrons. And the pulses would travel over glass fibers, not copper wire. These machines could function hundreds of times faster than today?s electronic computers and hold vastly more information. Today fiber optics are used to obtain a cleaner image of smaller and smaller objects than ever before—even bacterial viruses. A new generation of optical instruments is emerging that can provide detailed imaging of the inner workings of cells. It is the surge in fiber optic use and in liquid crystal displays that has set the U.S. glass industry (a 16 billion dollar business employing some 150,000 workers) to building new plants to meet demand.
42. ______________________________________
But it is not only in technology and commerce that glass has widened its horizons. The use of glass as art, a tradition going back at least to Roman times, is also booming. Nearly everywhere, it seems, men and women are blowing glass and creating works of art. “I didn?t sell a piece of glass until 1975,”Dale Chihuly said, smiling, for in the 18 years since the end of the dry spell, he has become one of the 20th century. He now has a new commission—a glass sculpture for the headquarters building of a pizza company—for which his fee is half a million dollars.
43. ______________________________________
But not all the glass technology that touches our lives is ultra-modern. Consider the simple light bulb; at the turn of the century most light bulbs were hand blown, and the cost of one was equivalent to half a day?s pay for the average worker. In effect, the invention of the ribbon machine by Corning in the 1920s lighted a nation. The price of a bulb plunged. Small wonder that the machine has been called one of the great mechanical achievements of all time. Yet it is very simple: a narrow ribbon of molten glass travels over a moving belt of steel in which there are holes. The glass sags through the holes and into waiting moulds. Puffs of compressed air then shape the glass. In this way, the envelope of a light bulb is made by a single machine at the rate of 66,000 an hour, as compared with 1,200 a day produced by a team of four glassblowers.
44. _______________________________________
The secret of the versatility of glass lies in its interior structure. Although it is rigid, and thus like a solid, the atoms are arranged in a random disordered fashion, characteristic of a liquid. In the melting process, the atoms in the raw materials are distributed from their normal positioning the molecular structure; before they can find their way back to crystalline arrangements the glass cools. This looseness in molecular structure gives the material what engineers call tremendous “formability” which allows technicians to tailor glass to whatever they need.
45. ______________________________________
Today, scientists continue to experiment with new glass mixture and building designers test their imaginations with applications of special types of glass. A London architect, Mike Davies, sees even more dramatic buildings using molecular chemistry. “Glass is the great building material of the future, the …dynamic skin?” he said. “Think of glass that has been treated to react to electric currents going through it, glass that will change from clear to opaque at the push of a button, that gives you instant curtains. Think of how the tall buildings in New York could perform a symphony of colors as the glass in them is made to change colors instantly.” Glass as instant curtains is available now, but the cost is exorbitant. As for the glass changing colors instantly, that may come true. Mike Davies?s vision may indeed be on the way to fulfillment.
Section III Translation
46. Directions: In this section there is a passage in English. Translate it into Chinese and write your
version on Answer Sheet 2 (15 points)
The media can impact current events. As a graduate student at Berkeley in the 1960s, I remember experiencing the events related to the People?s Park that were occurring on campus. Some of these events were given national media coverage in the press and on TV. I found it interesting to compare my impressions of what was going on with perceptions obtained from the news media. I could begin to see events of that time
feed on news coverage. This also provided me with some healthy insights into the distinction between these realities.
Electronic media are having a greater impact on the people?s lives every day. People gather more and more of their impressions from representations. Television and telephone communications are linking people to a global village, or what one writer calls the electronic city. Consider the information that television brings into your home every day. Consider also the contact you have with others simply by using telephone. These media extend your consciousness and your contact, for example, the video coverage of the 1989 San Francisco earthquake focused on “live action” such as the fires or the rescue efforts. This gave the viewer the impression of total disaster. Television coverage of the Iraqi War also developed an immediacy. CNN reported events as they happened. This coverage was distributed worldwide. Although most people were far away from these events, they developed some perception of these realities.
Section IV Writing
Part A
47. Directions: Read the following Chinese and write an abstract of 80-100 words. You should write your
abstract on Answer Sheet 2. (10 points)
高崚、杨威被华中科技大学“劝退”，暴露出这样一个问题，一些运动员上学，只是名义上的，他们并没有真正走进课堂，也没有读一些应该读的书。这不得不让我们去重新审视运动员的“学历热”——包括众多奥运冠军在内的优秀运动员进入各大高校求学，曾一度被视为是运动员退役后职业转型的最佳出路。然而，近年来屡屡出现的“冠军学生”无法正常上课、无法按时毕业甚至是被提前退学的尴尬，却不得不让我们去重新审视运动员的“上学热”。
在常人看来，运动员是一个风光与风险并存的职业。在役时，并非每个运动员都能像刘翔和姚明那样风光无限；退役后，也并非每个运动员都能像田亮和刘璇那样成功转型。即使是获得过全国甚至世界冠军的邹春兰和艾冬梅等人，也曾面临着就业的尴尬和生活的窘迫，更何况那些“拿青春赌明天”却没能“潇洒走一回”的众多普通运动员。
正因如此，优秀运动员特别是世界冠军和奥运冠军“求学”，已逐渐成为中国体育界的一种“时尚”。据记者了解，我国专业运动员特别是优秀运动员的学历在近年来呈现出不断升高的趋势——1984年至今，奥运冠军中专科、本科以上学历者约占81.95%，硕士以上学历者约占28%。据中国校友网等机构发布的《中国奥运冠军调查报告》显示，在北京奥运会前选择就读北京体育大学的奥运冠军就有27人(北体大还专门设立了研究生冠军班)；选择就读中国人民大学的有13人(人大为此专门设立优秀跳水运动员班)；其次为南京体育学院、上海交通大学、北京大学和清华大学。随着北京奥运会后更多奥运冠军的诞生，这一数字还在不断上升中，林跃、火亮、何雯娜、陆春龙等新科奥运冠军纷纷走进大学校园……
运动员特别是优秀运动员的“上学热”，与国家相关部门的政策支持密不可分。早在2002年，国家体育总局、教育部等部门便联合印发了《关于进一步做好退役运动员就业安置工作的意见》，提出“鼓励运动员进入高等院校学习并通过高校毕业生就业渠道就业。”《意见》中还专门指出“获得全国体育比赛前三名、亚洲体育比赛前六名、世界体育比赛前八名和获得球类集体项目运动健将、田径项目运动健将、武术项目武英级和其他项目国际级运动健将称号的运动员，可以免试进入各级各类高等院校学习”，此后又将保送范围扩大到了现役运动员。
虽然有关部门已将进入高校学习明确作为安置退役运动员的渠道，但运动员“求学”促就业的效果究竟如何却值得商榷。在运动员特别是优秀运动员的学历近年来不断提升的趋势背后，人们所期待的高校与优秀运动员“赛而优则学”的双赢局面却并未如期出现。
从高校方面来看，吸引世界冠军特别是奥运冠军来校就读，除了响应国家号召，承担更多培养优秀运动员综合素质的社会责任外，还可以进一步扩大学校的知名度和影响力。因此，在有关部门出台相关规定后，不少高校特别是知名高校都制定了很多优惠条件吸引冠军运动员就读。比如人大、清华等高校就专门为就读的“冠军学员”度身定制了培养方案，实行弹性学制、放宽毕业年限、单独开班、小班授课甚至是放宽英语成绩等“特殊”政策。
然而，名校可以选择，不少冠军选手在进入名校后却不一定能够顺利完成学业。冠军们“挂牌读书”，无法按时毕业的现象并不鲜见。以此次出现在华中科技大学307名“超学时”拟清退研究生名单中的奥运冠军高崚和杨威为例，他们同是2005年华中科技大学公共管理学院的研究生，曾先后4次出现在“未注册研究生名单”中。据该校学籍管理规定，硕士研究生学习年限最长不超过4年，否则将被退学……
对于此次“清退”事件所引发的种种争论，不少业内人士在接受记者采访时均认为，奥运冠军上大学之所以如此引人关注，其深层次原因还是国内运动员特别是退役运动员再就业选择面较窄，使得外界产生了有限的教育资源被“低标准”利用的争议。
据记者了解，近两年来，国内对于运动员特别是退役运动员的安置和就业问题进行了积极探索和尝试——辽宁开设了“辽宁省体育行业特有工种职业技能鉴定站”，帮助运动员获得与运动项目相关的体育行业资格证书，为运动员转型培训搭建服务平台；广州正在积极推进退役运动员再就业立法，力求从立法层面上解决运动员就业难的问题；北京则通过财政统筹、社会捐助、提取体育彩票公益金等途径建立退役运动员创业基金，扶持退役运动员自主创业……
Part B
48.Directions: In this section, you are asked to write an essay based on the following statement. You should
write at least 150 words on the Answer Sheet 2. (15 points)
My Comment on Students’ Dealing in Stock Market
股市的活跃造就了很多新富翁，从而吸引了无数年轻人，特别是在校大学生加入了炒股的队伍．对此有人赞成,认为大学生可以借此增加自己的金融知识，锻炼自己的分析决断能力．但也有人反对，认为大学生经济上不独立，自己没有固定的收入，承受风险的能力较差，不应盲目入市．请就此事发表您的观点看法．
2018年考研英语二真题及答案解析 Section I Use of English Directions： Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) why do people read negative Internet comments and do other things that will obviously be painful?Because humans have an inherent need to 1 uncertainty, according to a recent study in Psychological Science. The new research reveals that the need to know is so strong that people wiill 2 to satisfy their curiosity even when it is clear the answer will 3. In a series of four experiments, behavioral scientists at the University of Chicago and the Wisconsin School of Business tested students' willingness to 4 themselves to unpleasant stimuli in an effort to satisfy curiosity. For one 5 each participant was shown a pile of pens that the researcher claimed were from a previous experiment. The twist?Half of the pens would 6 an electric shock when clicked. Twenty-seven students were told which pens were electrified;another twe nty-seven were told only that some were electrified 7 left alone in the room, the students who did not know which ones would shock th em clicked more pens and incurred more shocks than the students who knew what would 8 .Subsequent experiments reproduced this effect wit h other stimuli, 9 the sound of fingernails on a chalkboard and pho tographs of disgusting insects. The drive to 10 is deeply rooted in humans,much the same as the ba sic drives for 11 or shelter,says Christopher Hsee of the University of Chicago. Curiosity is often considered a good instinct-it can 12 new scientific advances, for instance-but sometimes such 13 can back fire.The insight that curiosity can drive you to do 14 things is a profound one.Unhealthy curiosity is possible to 15 ,however. In a f inal experiment,participants who were encouraged to 16 how they would
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Calculate for a moment what could be done with even a part of those hours. Five thousand hours, I am told, are what a typical college undergraduate spends working on a bachelor's degree. In 10,000 hours you could have learned enough to become an astronomer or engineer. You could have learned several languages fluently. If it appealed to you, you could be reading Homer in the original Greek or Dostoyevsky in Russian. If it didn't, you could have walked around the world and written a book about it. The trouble with television is that it discourages concentration. Almost anything interesting and rewarding in life requires some constructive, consistently applied effort. The dullest, the least gifted of us can achieve things that seem miraculous to those who never concentrate on anything. But Television encourages us to apply no effort. It sells us instant gratification(满意). It diverts us only to divert, to make the time pass without pain. Television's variety becomes a narcotic(麻醉的), nor a stimulus. Its serial, kaleidoscopic (万花筒般的)exposures force us to follow its lead. The viewer is on a perpetual guided tour: 30 minutes at the museum, 30 at the cathedral, 30 for a drink, then back on the bus to the next attraction—except on television., typically, the spans allotted arc on the order of minutes or seconds, and the chosen delights are more often car crashes and people killing one another. In short, a lot of television usurps(篡夺;侵占) one of the most precious of all human gifts, the ability to focus your attention yourself, rather than just passively surrender it. Capturing your attention—and holding it—is the prime motive of most television programming and enhances its role as a profitable advertising vehicle. Programmers live in constant fear of losing anyone's attention—anyone's. The surest way to avoid doing so is to keep everything brief, not to strain the attention of anyone but instead to provide constant stimulation through variety, novelty, action and movement. Quite
小升初模拟考试卷（一）（解析卷） 一、单选题（共10题；共20分） 1.选择出不同类的单词（） A. feel B. happy C. bright 【答案】A 【考点】形容词，动词 【解析】【分析】根据所给的单词，选项A感觉，动词，选项B高兴的，形容词，选项C 明亮的，形容词.故选A. 【点评】本题考查了区分动词和形容词形式. 2.Where did you ________? A. went B. goes C. go 【答案】C 【考点】动词 【解析】【分析】句意: 你......哪里了? 这是疑问句, 句子中有助动词did, 谓语动词用动词原形, A选项是: 过去式, B选项是: 第三人称单数, C选项是: 动词原形。故答案为: C. 【点评】这是考查动词适当形式的题目。要掌握谓语动词和助动词的搭配格式。 3.She wrote a book about________. A. himself B. herself C. yourself 【答案】B 【考点】代词，一般过去时 【解析】【分析】句意：她写了一本关于自己的书。himself是he的反身代词，yourself是you 的反身代词，“she”对应的反身代词是herself。故选B。 【点评】本题主要考查反身代词辨析，需要平时区别记忆。 4.Where _____ you last month？ A. was B. were C. are D. is 【答案】B 【考点】动词，一般过去时 【解析】【分析】句意：上个月你在哪儿？根据时间词last month“上个月”得知该句子是一般过去时，主语是第二人称you，因此be动词用were，故选B。 【点评】考查一般过去时中人称与数的一致性，注意平时的积累。 5.Bob's team played ________the Orange Team. A. with B. and C. to 【答案】A 【考点】介词，一般过去时 【解析】【分析】句意：鲍勃队和橙队比赛。A. 和---；B.并且；C.朝向。pl ay with“和---比赛”固定用法，选项A符合题意，故选A。 【点评】本题主要考查句子的理解和固定用法。
2012年天津市初中毕业生学业考试英语试卷 第Ⅰ卷（本卷共四大题，共75分）满分120分，考试时间100分钟。 一、听力理解（本大题共30小题，每小题1分，共30分）略。 二、单项填空（本大题共15小题，每小题1分，共15分）。 从下列第小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 31. —What do you think of ________ film about Zhan Tianyou? —It’s ________ good film. A. the; the B. a; the C. the; a D. a; a 32. —Why didn’t Sal ly play the violin at the concert last night? —She said that her hand hurt, but that was only a(n) ________. I saw her play tennis just now. A. matter B. excuse C. result D. expression 33. All the students are talking an d laughing in the classroom and it’s ________. A. noisy B. lonely C. quiet D. strict 34. —Would you please show me the way ________ the bank? —Yes, go straight ahead. It’s opposite a school. A. in B. for C. with D. to 35. We have never visited the museum, but we have ________ it. A. stood for B. belonged to C. heard about D. kept to 36. Who listens ________, Tom, Jack or Bill? A. the most carefully B. more carefully C. the most careful D. more careful 37. A snake bit him ________ he went to see a doctor at once. A. if B. where C. because D. so 38. I have been to Shanghai. I ________ there last month. A. go B. went C. have gone D. will go 39. They were all very tired, but ________ of them took a rest. A. none B. all C. both D. either 40. The cloth ________ very soft and comfortable. A. smells B. tastes C. feels D. sounds 41. —Why don’t you go out to play, Rose?—I’m afraid I can’t. I have much homework ________. A. do B. does C. doing D. to do 42. The 30th Olympic Games ________ in London soon. A. held B. will be held C. were held D. have been held 43. —Can you tell me ________? —With Lucy’s help. A. when you did it so well B. when did you do it so well C. how you did it so well D. how did you do it so well 44. Please pass me the cartoon book ________ has a Mickey Mouse on the cover. A. whom B. whose C. who D. which 45. —I will have a match tomorrow. I hope I will win. —________. A. Good luck B. No idea C. That’s such a pity D. It’s all right 三、完形填空（本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分）。 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 People all over the world celebrate the New Year. However, not all countries celebrate in the same way, and in some countries, the New Y ear doesn’t begi n on the 46 date very year. In many countries, the New Year begins on 1st January, but people start celebrating on 31st December, New Year’s Eve. In New York many people go to celebrate in Times Square. 47 they’re waiting for the New Year, they lis ten to music, sing traditional songs and have fun. Just before 12 o’clock, everyone 48 down from 10: 10, 9, 8… As soon as it’s 12 o’clock, everyone shouts very 49 , “Happy New Year!” New Year’s Day is often a family day. Some families get together f or a special meal. When the weather is fine, many families go out for a 50 .
考研英语二真题及答案 解析完整版 集团标准化办公室：[VV986T-J682P28-JP266L8-68PNN]
英语二真题： Section 1 Use of Eninglish Directions : Millions of Americans and foreigners see GI.Joe as a mindless war toy ,the symbol of American military adventurism, but that’s not how it used to be .To the men and women who（ 1 )in World War II and the people they liberated ,the GI.was the （2) man grown into hero ,the pool farm kid torn away from his home ,the guy who（ 3) all the burdens of battle ,who slept in cold foxholes,who went without the （ 4) of food and shelter ,who stuck it out and drove back the Nazi reign of murder .this was not a volunteer soldier ,not someone well paid ,（5) an average guy ,up（ 6 )the best trained ,best equipped ,fiercest ,most brutal enemies seen in centuries. His name is not much.GI. is just a military abbreviation （7) Government Issue ,and it was on all of the article（ 8) to soldiers .And Joe A common name for a guy who never （9) it to the top .Joe Blow ,Joe Magrac …a working class name.The United States has（ 10) had a president or vicepresident or secretary of state Joe. GI .joe had a (11)career fighting German ,Japanese , and Korean troops . He appers as a character ,or a (12 ) of american personalities, in the 1945 movie The Story of GI. Joe, based on the last days of war correspondent Ernie Pyle. Some of the soldiers Pyle(13)portrayde themselves in the film. Pyle was famous for covering the (14)side of the warl, writing about the dirt-snow –and-mud soldiers, not how many miles were(15)or what towns were captured or liberated, His reports(16)the “willie” cartoons of famed Stars and Stripes artist Bill Maulden. Both men(17)the dirt and exhaustion of war, the (18)of civilization that the soldiers shared with each other and the civilians: coffee, tobacco, whiskey, shelter, sleep. (19)Egypt, France, and a dozen more countries, G.I. Joe was any American soldier,(20)the most important person in their lives. 1.[A] performed [B]served [C]rebelled [D]betrayed 2.[A] actual [B]common [C]special [D]normal 3.[A]bore [B]cased [C]removed [D]loaded 4.[A]necessities [B]facilitice [C]commodities [D]propertoes 5.[A]and [B]nor [C]but [D]hence 6.[A]for [B]into [C] form [D]against 7.[A]meaning [B]implying [C]symbolizing [D]claiming 8.[A]handed out [B]turn over [C]brought back [D]passed down 9.[A]pushed [B]got [C]made [D]managed 10.[A]ever [B]never [C]either [D]neither
一、活动目的 已经进入信息时代的地球变得"越来越小",全球化趋势将在二十一世纪更为凸显.世界已进入中国,中国已走向世界，而英语作为国际交往的语言,学生的英语听说读写能力愈来愈重要，我国更是以学生的四六级等级成绩来衡量学生的英语运用能力。为了营造一个全真的全国英语四六级考试氛围，提高我工作组学生英语四六级考试素质以及英语四六级通过率，现由我法政工作组学生分会组织举行为期两场的英语四六级模拟考试。 二、活动对象 法政工作组参加xx年12月18日英语四六级考试的全体学生。 三、时间安排（初定） 第一场12月1日（星期三） 185---211 第二场12月8日（星期三） 185---211 四、工作安排 （一）前期准备 1、收集我工作组参加xx年12月18日英语四六级考试的全体学生的意见并统计好参加模拟考试的人数； 2、根据今年四六级的考试大纲收集最新的、符合全国英语四六级考试难度的模拟试题； 3、申请考场所需课室，安排考场、复印模拟套题、安排每考场监考人员以及相关工作。 （二）活动期间注意事项 1、考场负责人提前3分钟，即182到指定课室拿其负责考场的考卷和答题卡 2、请负责人在黑板上写清楚一下时间点考试时间185---211；听力195开始 3、考场负责人严格按照考试的流程进行发卷和收卷并维持考场纪律，让同学们有规律地坐，以便发卷和收卷。 （三）活动后期 1、每场考试结束后向各班参考人员收集对我学习部举办模拟考试的意见及建议； 2、每场考试结束后各工作人员及时进行工作总结； 五．经费预算 所需物品 单价×数量（套） 总价（元） 备注 打印 .2×1 2 四级模拟试卷复印 .5×3 15 参加四级模拟考试的人数为295人
小升初考前全真模拟测试 英语试题 一、单项选择 1.—________ do you tidy up your desk? —I tidy it up every week. A. When B. How often C. What 2.We finish class ________ 3:30 ________ the afternoon. A. at, in B. in, at C. at, on 3.— ? —He has a toothache. A. What's wrong with Sam B. What about Sam C. How are you, Sam 4.I usually get up at six o'clock. What ______you? A. are B. about C. of 5.You can go if you see the _________ light. A. yellow B. red C. green 6.—________ can you see the monkey? —In the tree. A.Who B.What C.Where 7.What ________ you have? A. are B. do C. does 8. walk on the grass. A. Can not B. Do not C. You not 9.—Can I help you? — A. Goodbye. B. Yes，please. C. Me too. 二、单词拼写 10.Today is Lucy's birthday. She is h________ a party with her friends. 11.My favourite season is________.
秘密★启用前 20l2年广州市初中毕业生学业考试 英语 本试卷共五大题，12页，满分135分。考试时间120分钟。 注意事项： 1．答卷前，考生务必在答题卡上用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔填写自己的考生号、姓名、试室号、座位号，再用2B铅笔把对应这两个号码的标号涂黑。 2．选择题每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需要改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案。不能答在试卷上。 3．非选择题必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域的相应位置上；如需要改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新的答案，改动的答案也不能超出指定的区域；不准使用铅笔、圆珠笔和涂改液。不按以上要求作答的答案无效。4．考生必须保持答题卡的整洁，考试结束，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 一、听力(共两节，满分35分) 第一节听力理解(共15小题；每小题2分，．满分30分) 每段播放两遍。各段后有几个小题，各段播放前每小题有5秒钟的阅题时间。请根据各段播放内容及其相关小题，在5秒钟内从题中所给的A、B、C项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。’ 听下面一段对话，回答第l~3三个小题。 1．What does the man give the woman? A．A birthday card．B．A birthday present．C．A birthday invitation． 2．When will the woman go shopping? A．On Friday．B．On Saturday：C．On Sunday． 3．Why does Anne think she is gomg tO the man’s home? A．To discuss his study problems． B．T0heIpbinlwithhis computer． C．TO attendhis binhday party． 听下面一段对话，回答第4～6三个小题。 4Where does the talk take place? A．At the ticket Office．B．In the football stadium．C．In the street． 5．Why does the woman want to buy a ticket? A．Tlo go to see thematch． B．T0 give her son a reward． C．To seiI it and earn money． 6．What does the woman finally decide to do? A．Togototheticketoffice． B．T0buytheticketfromtheman． C．T0 returnhomewithoutaticket． 听下面一段独自，回答第7～9三个小题。 7．How did the speaker feel when she heard the noise? A．Angry．B．Shocked。C．Sick． 8．Why couldn’t the speaker open the driver’s car door?
00015英语二试题及答案 发布日期：2016-01-04 10:09 来源：未知阅读：6927 【字体：大中小】 本套单元测试共10 题，共100 分。答题得分：100 分 【题型：单选】【分数：10分】 [1]I should like to rent a house,modern,comfortable and ___ in a qiuet environment. 得 分： 10分 答：D A before all B first of all C after all D above all 【题型：单选】【分数：10分】 [2]His few personal belongings make it possible for him to move from place to place __ _. 得 分： 10分 答：C A in ease B at ease C with ease D with easiness 【题型：单选】【分数：10分】 [3]Could you lend me some money? I'm very ______of cash at the moment.得 分： 10分 答：B A need B short C scarce D empty 【题型：单选】【分数：10分】 [4]It ______ exactly thirty years since I graduated from college. 得 分： 10分 答：B A was B has been C will be D had been
【题型：单选】【分数：10分】 [5]He was completely ______ by her tale of hardship. 得 10分 分： 答：B A taken away B taken in C taking away D taken up 【题型：单选】【分数：10分】 [6]The team doctor insisted that the route _____ because of the possible danger. 得 10分 分： 答：C A could be changed B would be changed C be changed D might be changed 【题型：单选】【分数：10分】 [7]Problems can _____ when people have no knowledge of the law. 得 10分 分： 答：C A rise B jump C arise D lift 【题型：单选】【分数：10分】 [8]The _____ lady is believed to be the thief wanted by the police. 得 10分 分： 答：A A beautifully dressed B dressed beautifully C beautiful dressing D beautiful dress 【题型：单选】【分数：10分】 [9]The manager did not offer him the job because of his untidy _____.
汉语是中国汉民族使用的语言，汉语历史悠久，在3000多年前就有了相当成熟的文字。汉语有超过12亿的使用者，是使用人数最多的语言之一，除了中国，新加坡、马来西亚等国家也有相当一部分人使用汉语，分布在世界各地的几千万华侨、华裔，也以汉语的各种方言为自己的母语。汉语是中国人使用的主要语言，也是联合国的工作语言。 Used by the Han people in China, the Chinese language has a long history, having established a fairly mature written language more than 3000 years ago. The Chinese language has more than 1.2 billion users and can be regarded as the one spoken by the
greatest number of persons. In addition to china, some people in Singapore and Malaysia also use Chinese, and millions of overseas Chinese and foreign citizens of Chinese origin distributed around the world use various Chinese dialect as native language. The Chinese language is the main language used by Chinese, also one of the working languages of United Nations.
模拟试卷（英语） 一、按要求写单词。(10分) 1. she _______ (宾格) 2. country _________ (复数) 3. close ________ (现在分词) 4. three __________ (序数词) 5. China ________ (形容词) 6. I _________ (名词性物主代词) 7. boy _______(复数) 8. swim _______ (现在分词) 9. photo _______ (复数) 10. mouse ________ (复数) 二、选择填空。(30分) 1. Look! Lucy is ______ a new red dress. She is beautiful today. A. with B. put on C. in D. wear 2. -- __________? -- My bike is broken. A. What is it B. What is wrong with you C. Where is it D. Whose is this 3. There are so many people in the shop. You must ________ your things. A. look at B. look after C. put away D. put on 4. I have two good pen friends. One is an American, ______ is in England. A. the other B. another one C. another D. other 5. -- _______ are his football clothes? -- Under the bed. A. Where B. Who C. Whose D. What 6. I can see ______ in Lucy's room. A. other thing B. any other thing C. some thing D. some other things 7. These are ______. You can buy a pair for your mother. A. woman sock B. women sock C. women socks D. woman socks 8. -- Thank you very much! -- ________. A. You're right B. All right C. You are welcome D. OK. 9. -- She must be in red.
秘密★2012年6月21日 2012年武汉市初中毕业生学业考试 英语试卷 亲爱的同学，在你答题前，请认真阅读下面以及“答题卡”上的注意事项： 1．本试卷由第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分组成。全卷共10页，七大题， 满分120分。考试用时120分钟。 2．答题前，请将你的姓名、准考证号填写在“答题卡”相应位置，并在“答题卡”背面左上角 填写姓名和座位号。 3．答第Ⅰ卷（选择题）时，选出每小题答案后，用2B 铅笔把“答题卡”上对应题目的答案标 号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案。不得答在．．．．“．试卷．．” ．上．。 4．第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）用0.5毫米黑色笔迹签字笔书写在“答题卡”上。答在．．“．试卷．．”．上无效．．．。 预祝你取得优异成绩！ 第Ⅰ卷（选择题，共85分） 第一部分 听力部分 一、听力测试（共三节，满分25分） 第一节（共5小题，每小题1分，满分5分） 听下面5个问题。每个问题后有三个答语，从题中所给的A 、B 、C 三个选项中选出最 佳选项。听完每个问题后，你都有5秒钟的时间来作答和阅读下一小题。每个问题仅读一遍。 1.A. He’s Jason. B. He’s tall. C. He’s reading a book. 2.A. Very fast. B. By bus. C. Near the museum. 3.A. Too light. B. A nice one. C. A basketball. 4.A. Cheap. B. The short one. C. To write letters. 5.A. Around seven. B. With Jenny. C. Not far away. （英语）试卷第1页（共10页） 第二节（共7小题，每小题1分，满分7分） 听下面7段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A 、B 、C 三个选项中选出最 佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对 话仅读一遍。
2011年研究生入学考试英语二真题 Section I Use of English Directions：Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered black and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) "The Internet affords anonymity to its users — a boon to privacy and freedom of speech. But that very anonymity is also behind the explosion of cybercrime that has 1 across the Web. Can privacy be preserved 2 bringing a semblance of safety and security to a world that seems increasingly 3 ? Last month, Howard Schmidt, the nation’s cyberczar, offered the Obama government a 4 to make the We b a safer place — a “voluntary identify” system that would be the high-tech5of a physical key, fingerprint and a photo ID card, all rolled6one. The system might use a smart identity card, or a digital credential7 to a specifi c computer, an d would authenticat e users at a range o f online services. The idea is to8 a federation of private online identify systems. Users could9 which system to join, and only registered users whose identities have been authenticated could navigate those systems. The approach contrasts with one that would require an Internet driver’s license10 by the government. Google and Microsoft are among companies that already have sign-on”systems that make it possible for users to11 just once but use many different services. 12 , the approach would create a “walled garden” in safe “neighborhoods” and bright “streetlights” to establish a sense of13 community. Mr. Schmidt described it as a “voluntary ecosystem” in which individuals and organizations can complete online transactions with14 ,trusting the identities of the infrastructure that the transaction runs15 .'" Still, the administration’s plan has16 privacy rights activists. Some applaud the approach; others are concerned. It seems clear that such an initiative push toward what would17 be a license” mentality. The plan has also been greeted with18 by some experts, who worry that the “voluntary ecosystem”would still leave much of the Internet19 .They argue that should be20 to register and identify themselves, in drivers must be licensed to drive on public roads. 1． A.swept B.skipped C.walked D.ridden 2． A.for B.within C.while D.though 3． A.careless https://www.doczj.com/doc/5413384038.html,wless C.pointless D.helpless 4． A.reason B.reminder https://www.doczj.com/doc/5413384038.html,promise D.proposal