2010-2014高考英语试题分类解析
情态动词与虚拟语气
(2014安徽卷)30．People are recycling many things which they______ away in the past.
A. had thrown
B. will be throwing
C. were throwing
D. would have thrown 【答案】D
【解析】考查情态动词。句意：人们在循环利用他们过去常常会扔掉的东西。Would have done 表示对过去发生的事情的推测。根据句意可知D正确。
(2014北京卷)27. ______ I have a word with you? It won’t take long.
A. Can
B. Must
C. Shall
D. Should
【答案】A
【解析】考查情态动词。句意：我可以和你谈谈吗？用不了多少时间。Can意为―可以‖，表示请求、要求、建议等：；must意为―必须，一定‖；shall意为―应，会，将，必须‖；should 意为―应该‖。根据句意可知，空格can I…？表示征求许可。故A正确。
(2014北京卷)34. We ______ back in the hotel now if you didn’t lose the map.
A. are
B. were
C. will be
D. would be
【答案】D
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果你没丢失地图，现在我们就会在宾馆里了。If引导的条件状语从句中，如果表示与现在事实相反时，条件句中的谓语动词用―一般过去时/were‖，主句使用―情态动词+动词原形‖。根据句意可知，题中所述内容与现在事实相反。故D正确。(2014湖南卷)22. If Mr. Dewey ______ present, he would have offered any possible assistance to the people there.
A. were
B. had been G. should be D. was
【答案】B
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果Mr. Dewey在场，他会向那里的人提供任何帮助。与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，条件状语从句要用―had done‖，主句要使用―情态动词+have done‖。根据主语的谓语动词形式可知，题干表示与过去的事实相反，所以从句谓语动词用had+过去分词。故B正确。
【语言学习】1. 表示与现在事实相反的情况，条件状语从句中的谓语用过去时(Be动词用were)，主句中的谓语用should/would/could/might + 动词原形；
2. 表示与过去事实相反的情况，条件状语从句中的谓语用过去完成时，主句中的谓语用should/would/could/might + have done；
3. 表示对将来情况的主观推测，条件状语从句中的谓语用were to do，should +动词原形或用动词的过去式(Be动词用were)，主句中的谓语用should/would/could/might +动词原形。(2014湖南卷)25.—I’ve prepared all kinds of food for the picnic.
—Do you mean we______ bring anything with us?
A. can’t
B. mustn’t
C. shan’t
D. needn't
【答案】D
【解析】考查情态动词。句意：——我已经准备好了野餐的各种食物。——你的意思是我们不必带任何东西了吗？can’t意为―不可能，不能‖；mustn’t意为―禁止，不可以‖；needn’t意为―不必，不需要‖。根据句意可知D正确。
(2014江苏卷)31. It was sad to me that they, so poor themselves, ______ bring me food.
A. might
B. would
C. should
D. could
【答案】C
【解析】考查情态动。句意：让我难为情的是，他们自己那么穷，竟然还给我带来了食物。Might意为―可以，或许‖；would意为―会，将要，愿意，过去常常做某事‖；should意为―应该，竟然‖；could意为―能够，可能‖。根据句意可知，题中should用于表示惊异、赞叹、不满等的句子中，意为―竟然，竟会‖。故C正确。
(2014江西卷)30. Life is unpredictable ; even the poorest ______ become the richest .
A. shall
B. must
C. need
D. might
【答案】D
【解析】考查情态动词。句意：生活是无法预测的，甚至最贫穷的人也有可能成为最富有的人。shall意为―将要，必须‖；must意为―必须，一定‖；need意为―需要‖；might意为―也许‖。题中信息―Life is unpredictable‖表明一切都有可能，所以用might表示可能性。故D正确。(2014全国大纲卷)30. Although you ______ find bargains in London, it’s not generally a cheap place to shop.
A. should
B. need
C. must
D. can
【答案】D
【解析】考查情态动词。句意：尽管在伦敦你有时可能找到便宜货，但总得说来也那不是一个购物便宜的地方。should意为―应该，竟然‖；need意为―需要‖；must意为―必须，非得，偏偏‖；can意为―能够，可能，有时会……‖。根据句意可知can表示有时可能，有时会……。故D正确。
【语言学习】Bargain物美价廉的商品
At this price the wine is a bargain. 以这个价格，这葡萄酒算是物美价廉了。
(2014陕西卷)23. We would rather our daughter ______ at home with us, but it is her choice, and she is not a child any longer.
A. would stay
B. has stayed
C. stayed
D. stay
【答案】C
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：我们宁愿与我们一起女儿待在家里，但这是她的选择，她不再是孩子了。would rather后面的从句中要用虚拟语气，如果从句表示与现在或将来的情况，用一般过去时；如果表示过去的情况，用过去完成时。根据句意可知，空格处是与现在相反的情况，所以用一般过去式。故C正确。
【语言学习】Choice
1. 选择
They had little choice but to agree to what he suggested. 除了同意他的意见，他们别无选择。
2. 所挑选的人或物
Although he was only grumbling, his choice of words made Rodney angry. 尽管他只是在发牢骚，但他所用的字眼却让罗德尼很生气。
(2014陕西卷)25. My book, The House of Hales, is missing. Who ______ have taken it?
A. need
B. must
C. should
D. could
【答案】D
【解析】考查情态动词。句意：我的书The House of Hales不见了。可能是谁拿走了？疑问句中表示可能用情态动词can或could; ―情态动词+have done‖表示对过去情况的推测。故D 正确。
【语言学习】请体会下列句子中的有关用法：
①—C atherine, I have cleaned the room for you.
—Thanks. You needn’t have done it. I could manage it myself.(不必做，但做了)
②—Mike is never late for school. Why is he absent today?
—Something must hav e happened to him.(过去某必定发生了)
③Johson paid for a seat, when he could have entered free.(本来能的，但又没那样)
④Mike should have paid more visit to his grandparents. He has been regretting not doing so since they passed away.(本应该，但又没那样)
⑤I s houldn’t have laughed, but I didn’t think you were serious.(本不应该，但那样做了)
⑥My sister met him at Grand Theatre yesterday afternoon, so he couldn’t have attended your lecture.(过去不可能做了)
⑦There was a lot of fun at yesterday’s party. You ought to have come, but why didn’t you?
⑧Yesterday, Jane walked away from the discussion. Otherwise, she might have said something she would regret late.(过去有可能，但没发生)
⑨My English-Chinese dictionary has disappeared. Who could have taken it?(过去可能)
⑩The flowers are dead. You might have watered them. (委婉责备)
(2014四川卷)6. I still remember my happy childhood when my mother ______ take me to Disneyland at weekends.
A. might
B. must
C. would
D. should
【答案】C
【解析】考查情态动词。句意：我仍然记得我的快乐的童年,那时母亲常会在周末带我去迪斯尼乐园。Would可表示表示―习惯性动作‖，可译为―常会，总是‖。根据句意可知，空格处用情态动词would，表示―习惯性动作‖。故C正确。
(2014浙江卷)16. They were abroad during the months when we were carrying out the investigation, or they ______ to our help.
A. would have come
B. could come
C. have come
D. had come 【答案】A
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：我们做调查的几个月里他们不在国外，要不然他们会帮助我们。句中的关键词or(否则)隐含了一个对于过去虚拟的条件句，该条件句为：if the hadn’t been abroad during the months when we were carrying out the investigation; or后面内容相当于主句，表示对过去虚拟的情况，所以谓语动词用would have come。
【语言学习】隐含虚拟条件句的关键词：or/otherwise, without, but for。
Without your help, the job would have never been completed. 那时候，要是没有您的帮忙，工作便无法完成了。
But for the rain we would have had a nice holiday. 要不是因为下雨，我们的假日一定过得很惬意。
We d idn’t know you were in trouble at that time，otherwise we would have given you a hand. 我们当时不知道你遇到了困难，要不然我们会帮助你的。
(2014重庆卷)3. I’ve ordered some pizza, so we ______ worry about cooking when we get home tired.
A. can’t
B. dare not
C. needn’t
D. may not
【答案】C
【解析】考查情态动词。句意：我订购了一些比萨,所以当回家很累时我们不必担心做饭。needn’t意为―不心‖。根据句意可知C项正确。
【语言学习】Order
1. 命令，指示；嘱咐
I was ordered home. 我奉命回国。
2. 点(菜、饮料等)；叫(出租车)
The couple ordered a new set of sterling silver rings from Tiffany for $200 each. 这对夫妇从蒂芙尼珠宝店订购了一套新的纯银戒指，每只$200。
3. 定(货)；预定
I've ordered some new dresses for you.我为你定购了几套衣服。
The couple ordered a new set of sterling silver rings from Tiffany for $200 each. 这对夫妇从蒂芙尼珠宝店订购了一套新的纯银戒指，每只$200。
(2014重庆卷)13. It was John who broke the window. Why are you talking to me as if I ______ it?
A. had done
B. have done
C. did
D. am doing
【答案】A
【解析】考查虚语气。句意：是约翰谁打破了窗户。你为什么以那样的方式与我讲话,好像我做似的？as if引导的方式状语从句中，当说话人认为句子所述的是不真实的或极少有可能发生或存在的情况时从句用虚拟语气，从句中动词时态的形式如下：如果从句表示与现在事实相反，谓语动词用一般过去时；从句表示与过去事实相反，谓语动词用―had＋过去分词‖；从句表示与将来事实相反，谓语动词用―would／could／might＋动词原形。语境表明从句表示与过去事实相反，所以A项正确。
1.【2013陕西21】The children______ lost in the woods; otherwise, they would have been at the lakeside camp as scheduled.
A. must have got
B. must get
C. should have got
D. should get
【答案】A
【解析】考查情态动词。句意：孩子们肯定在树林里迷路了；否则的话，他们就该按计划在湖边的宿营地了。副词otherwise之前的句子表示推测，之后的句子表示虚拟。must have done 表示对过去发生事情的肯定推测，语气强烈。
2.【2013陕西12】My mom suggests that we______ eat out for a change this weekend.
A. should
B. might
C. could
D. would
【答案】A
【解析】考查虚拟语气。关键词suggest表示建议时，其后的名词性从句中用―should+动词原形‖。句意：我妈妈建议周末我们应该改变一下外出吃饭。
3.【2013重庆29】—It rained cats and dogs this morning. I’m glad we took an umbrella.—Yeah, we would have got wet all over if we_______.
A. hadn’t
B. haven't
C. didn't
D. don't
【答案】A
【解析】考查虚拟语气。虚拟条件句主句从句均为对过去的虚拟，if从句中用过去完成时，主句多用would have done的形式，从句省略了taken，保留了过去完成时的助动词。句意：—早上下大雨。我很高兴带了伞。—是的, 要是没带伞，会浑身湿透。
【语言学习】rain cats and dogs下倾盆大雨
When we were well on the way, it began to rain cats and dog. 野餐进行到一半时，天开始下起大暴雨，弄得每个人都湿透了
4.【2013重庆26】—What are you doing this Saturday?
—I’m not sure, but I_______ go to the Rolling Stones concert.
A. must
B. would
C. should
D. might
【答案】D
【解析】考查情态动词。根据―I’m not sure‖可知说话者不能确定，用might―有可能‖，表示推测。句意：—星期六要做什么? —我不确定,但可能要去滚石乐队的音乐会。
5.【2013辽宁31】Harry is feeling uncomfortable. He _____ too much at the party last night.
A. could drink
B. should drink
C. would have drunk
D. must have drunk
【答案】D
【解析】考查情态动词。句意：Harry感觉不舒服。昨晚的聚会上他肯定喝得不少。对过去发生事情的肯定推测用must have done。
6.【2013福建30】—Do you think George has passed the driving test?
—No. If so, he _______ his car to our college yesterday.
A. would drive
B. drove
C. would have driven
D. had driven 【答案】C
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果这样的话（通过驾照考试），他昨天就驾车来我们学校了。If so= If he had passed the driving test，主句使用情态动词+ have done。
7.【2013湖南32】He _______ sleep, although he tried to, when he got on such a hunt for an idea until he had caught it.
A. w ouldn’t
B. shouldn’t
C. couldn’t
D. mustn’t
【答案】C
【解析】考查情态动词。couldn’t不可能。句意：他一直冥思一个主意，尽管他努力睡觉,也不可能入睡。
【语言学习】hunt
We went on a hunt for the lost document. 我们寻找那份丢失的文件。
After decades of being hunted, the whales finally received protection in 1966. 在被猎杀数十年后，蓝鲸终于在1966年受到了保护。
【语言学习】请体会下列句子中的有关用法：
Is Tom coming by bike?
—He should, but he may not. He likes walking.（可能不）
②—I heard they went skateboarding in the park yesterday?
—It couldn’t be true because the park doesn’t open the whole day yesterday.（不可能）
③Jack, you mustn’t leave all your books on the floor like this!（不准）
④—Cherry doesn’t mind lending you her ruler.
—She needn’t. I’ve already borrowed one.（不必）
8.【2013浙江8】Eye doctors recommend that a child’s first eye exam _______ at the age of six months old.
A. was
B. be
C. were
D. is
【答案】B
【解析】考查虚拟语气。recommend ―推荐，建议‖，其后的宾语从句时应用―should+动词原形‖的虚拟语气，空格处省略了should。句意：眼科医生建议孩子在六个月大的年龄进行第一次眼科检查。
【语言学习】recommend
1. 推荐，荐举
She recommended us another restaurant. 她向我们推荐了另一家饭馆。
He recommended Mr. Smith as a good teacher. 他称赞史密斯先生是位好教师。
2. 劝告；建议
He recommended me to change my way of life. 他劝我改变生活方式。
I recommend that you resign as soon as possible. 我建议你尽快辞职。
9.【2013浙江3】I _______ myself more—it was a perfect day.
A. shouldn’t have enjoyed
B. needn’t have enjoyed
C. wouldn’t have enjoyed
D. couldn’t have enjoyed
【答案】D
【解析】考查情态动词。情态动词否定式couldn’t与比较级more搭配表达最高级；couldn’t 表推测―不可能‖。句意：这是完美的一天，不可能比今天更高兴了。
10.【2013江西29】When I was a child, I _______ watch TV whenever I wanted to.
A. should
B. could
C. must
D. need
【答案】B
【解析】考查情态动词。could能够。句意：小孩时，每当我想看电视时都能够看。should 应该，must必须，need需要。
11.【2013新课标I卷29】The door_______ open , no matter how hard she pushed.
A. shouldn’t
B. couldn't
C. wouldn't
D. mightn't
【答案】C
【解析】考查情态动词。描述主语the door的特点―老是打不开‖，情态动词would（will）可表示一种其固有的特性或常发生的事。句意：不管怎样推门，就是打不开。
【语言学习】push
1. 推，用力推进
He pushed me, and I fell into the water. 他推了我一下，我便掉到水里去了。
2 促进，催促，逼迫，催逼
be pushed for time感到时间紧迫
Every time she pushed me too hard, I thought to myself that she must regret treating me like that. 每次她逼我逼得太紧，我总是会想她一定会后悔的。
12.【2013新课标II卷6】Since nobody gave him any help, he_______ have done the research on his own.
A. can
B. must
C. would
D. need
【答案】B
【解析】考查情态动词。句意：由于没人帮他，他定是一个人做的调查研究。情态动词must have done对过去发生事情的推测，语气很肯定。
13.【2013安徽34】It_______ be the vocabulary that caused you the problem in the exercise because you know a lot of words.
A. may
B. couldn’t
C. should
D. needn’t
【答案】B
【解析】考查情态动词。couldn’t不可能。句意：因为你认识很多单词，所以在练习中不可能是词汇给你造成了这个问题。
14.【2013安徽28】I_______ to my cousin’s birthday party last night, but I was not available.
A. went
B. had gone
C. would go
D. would have gone
【答案】D
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：昨晚我本想参加表亲的生日聚会，但时间。would have gone 表示对过去的情况的推测。
【语言学习】available
1. Yesterday Mr. Smith told me to come for a job interview this morning. Is he available now? 昨天史密斯先生通知我今天早上来面试，他现在有时间吗？
2. Your class will have some other facilities available to you. 这个类将有一些其他的工具提供给您。
15.【2013天津14】If he had spent more time practicing speaking English before, he_______ able to speak it much better now.
A. will be
B. would be
C. has been
D. would have been 【答案】B
【解析】考查虚拟语气。条件句虚拟语气的用法，从句时间为before，谈及对过去情况，用过去完成时；主句时间为now，对现在的虚拟，用―would+动词原形‖。句意：如果他之前花了更多的时间练习说英语,现在就讲得更好了。
16.【2013天津9】No one_______ be more generous; he has a heart of gold.
A. could
B. must
C. dare
D. need
【答案】A
【解析】考查情态动词。can’t/ couldn’t不可能；否定词与more连用表示最高级。句意：不可能有人比他更慷慨；他有一颗善良心。
【语言学习】generous
Mr. Liang is a generous man. 梁先生是位宽宏大量的人。
They have made generous response to the appeals for funds. 他们对募集资金的呼吁作出了慷慨的响应。
17.【2013北京35】—You needn’t take an umbrella. It isn’t going to rain.
—Well, I don’t know. It _______ do.
A. might
B. need
C. would
D. should
【答案】A
【解析】考查情态动词。句意：—没必要雨伞，不会下雨。—不清楚，可能下雨句意表明是否是不能肯定的事，故用might表推测。
18.【2013北京34】If we _______ a table earlier, we couldn’t be standing here in a queue.
A. have booked
B. booked
C. book
D. had booked
【答案】D
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果我们早订桌的话，我们就不可能在这里排队了。if从句是对过去的虚拟，用过去完成时态。
【语言学习】book的用法。
1. 预订，预定(房间、车票、船票、机票、戏票等)
We booked two tables at our favourite restaurant.我们在我们特别喜爱的餐馆预订了两张桌子。We booked several flights just to be sure.我们预订了几个航班以便确定。
2. 为…预订(座位、房间、车票、船票、机票等)
She booked me a seat.她给我订了个席位。
The travel agent booked our vacation cruise.旅行社的人预订了我们假期的船票。
【语言学习】虚拟语气在条件句中的用法。
在含有虚拟条件句的复合句中，主句和从句的谓语都要用虚拟语气。
注: 1. 有时条件从句中的动作和主句中的动作发生的时间不一致（表示错综时间的虚拟语气），这时动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间加以调整。If you had listened to the doctor, you would be all right now. 如果你当初听了医生的话，身体现在就好了。(从句动作指过去，主句动作指现在)
2. 虚拟条件句可以转换成下列形式:
(l)省略连词if。在书面语中，如果虚拟条件从句中有were，had 或should，可以把if省略，把这几个词放到主语之前，构成主谓倒装。Should he come (If he should come), tell him to ring me up. 他要是来了，让他给我打个电话。Were I you (If I were you), I would not do it. 我要是你，就不做这事。
(2)用介词短语代替条件状语从句。有时假设的情况并不用条件从句表示出来，而是通过介词短语来表示。Without air (If there were not air), there would be no living things. 如果没有空气的话，就不会有生物了。But for your help (If it hadn’t been for your help) I couldn’t have done it. 要是没有你的帮助，我就不可能完成这件事。
19.【2013四川5】—Why are your eyes so red? You _______ have slept well last night. —Yeah, I stayed up late writing a report.
A. can’t
B. mustn’t
C. needn’t
D. won’t
【答案】A
【解析】考查情态动词。句意：—你眼睛为什么很红? 昨晚肯定没睡好。—我熬夜写报告。can’t have done―不可能做过某事‖，对过去事情的推测。needn’t have done―本没必要做的事，却做了‖。
【语言学习】请体会下列句子中的有关用法：
①—Catherine, I have cleaned the room for you.
—Thanks. You needn’t have done it. I could manage it myself.(不必做，但做了)
②—Mike is never late for school. Why is he absent today?
—Something must have happened to him.(过去某必定发生了)
③Johson paid for a seat, when he could have entered free.(本来能的，但又没那样)
④Mike should have paid more visit to his grandparents. He has been regretting not doing so since they passed away.(本应该，但又没那样)
⑤I shouldn’t have laughed, but I didn’t think you were serious.(本不应该，但那样做了)
⑥My sister met him at Grand Theatre yesterday afternoon, so he couldn’t have attended your lecture.(过去不可能做了)
⑦There was a lot of fun at yesterday’s party. You ought to have come,but why didn’t you?
⑧Yesterday, Jane walked away from the discussion. Otherwise, she might have said something she would regret late.(过去有可能，但没发生)
⑨My English-Chinese dictionary has disappeared. Who could have taken it?(过去可能)
⑩The flowers are dead. You might have watered them. (委婉责备)
【2012天津卷8】It’s quite warm here; we _______ turn the heating on yet.
A. couldn’t
B. mustn’t
C. needn’t
D. wouldn’t
【答案】C
【解析】考查情态动词。needn’t不必。句意：这里很暖和,我们还没必要开暖气。
【2012江西卷22】We_______ have bought so much food now that Suzie w on’t be with us for dinner.
A. may not
B. needn’t
C. can’t
D. mustn’t
【答案】B
【解析】考查情态动词。句意：既然苏西不和我们一起吃晚饭，就不必要买如此多的食物。may not不可以，needn’t不需要，can't不可能，mustn't绝不可能。故选B。
【语言学习】请体会下列句子中的有关情态动词否定式的用法：
Is Tom coming by bike?
—He should, but he may not. He likes walking.（可能不）
②—I heard they went skateboarding in the park yesterday?
—It couldn’t be true because the park doesn’t open the whole day yesterday.（不可能）
③Jack, you mustn’t leave all your books on the floor like this!（不准）
④—Cherry doesn’t mind lending yo u her ruler.
—She needn’t. I’ve already borrowed one.（不必）
【2012陕西卷】17. If may car _______ more reliable, I would have driven to Lhasa instead of flying last summer.
A. was
B. had been
C. should be
D. would be
【答案】B
【解析】考查虚拟语气。根据主语的谓语动词可知题干是表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，
【2012陕西卷23】I _______ thank you too much for all your help to my son while we were away from home.
A. won’t
B. can’t
C. can
D. will
【答案】B
【解析】考查情态动词。can’t/ couldn’t …too…定句型，―表示―再……也不为过‖。句意：我们不家时，帮助我儿子，对你的帮助我们再怎样感谢也不为过。
【2012北京卷33】We _______ the difficulty together, but why didn’t you tell me?
A. should face
B. might face
C. could have faced
D. must have faced
【答案】C
【解析】考查情态动词。could have done本来能做成的（却没做成）。句意：我们本可以一起面对困难,但是你为什么不告诉我?
【2012北京卷35】Don’t handle the vase as if it _______ made of steel.
A. is
B. were
C. has been
D. had been
【答案】B。
【解析】考查虚拟语气。as if或as though引导的状语从句中，谈及与现在事实相反的情况谓语动词用一般过去式，谈及与过去事实相反的情况谓语动词用―had十过去分词‖。题中谈及与现在事实相反的情况。
【2012全国II17】I’m going to Europe on vacation together with John if I _______ find the money.
A. can
B. might
C. would
D. need
【答案】A
【解析】考查情态动词。can ―能‖，表示―能力‖。句意：如我能找到钱，我要和约翰一起去欧洲度假。
【2012天津卷15】We wouldn’t have calle d a taxi yesterday if Harold _______ us a ride home.
A. didn’t offer
B. wouldn’t offer
C. hasn’t offered
D. hadn’t offered
【答案】D
【解析】考查虚拟语气。在含有虚拟条件句的复合句中，主句和从句的谓语都要用虚拟语气。语境表明题中信息是对过去情况的一种假设。
【2012全国新课程30】I _______ use a clock to wake me up because at six o'clock each morning the train comes by my house.
A. couldn't
B. mustn't
C. shouldn't
D. needn't
【答案】D
【解析】考查情态动词。―needn’t +do‖表示没有必要做某事。句意：我没有必要用闹钟唤醒我，因为每天早上6点火车都经过我的房子。
【2012山东卷】30. If we _______ adequate preparations, the conference wouldn’t have been so successful.
A. haven’t made
B. wouldn’t make
C. didn’t make
D. hadn’t made
【答案】D
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果我们没有做好充分的准备，会议就不会如此成功。
考查虚拟语气。在含有虚拟条件句的复合句中，主句和从句的谓语都要用虚拟语气。语境表
【2012福建卷31】We lost our way in that small village, otherwise we_______ more places of interest yesterday.
A. visited
B. had visited
C. would visit
D. would have visited
【答案】D
【解析】考查虚拟语气。前半句讲过去的事实，题中信息词yesterday可知otherwise引起的后半句是用对过去的虚拟，所以用would have visited。
【2012四川卷19】I got close enough to hear them speaking Chinese, and I said ―Ni Hao ‖ just as I _______ do in China.
A. must
B. might
C. can
D. should
【答案】B
【解析】考查情态动词。句意：我靠他们足够近，能听见他们说汉语，我会像我在中国可能做的那样说―你好‖。might表示―可能‖。
【2012江苏卷35】— Happy birthday! —Thank you! It’s the best present I_______ for.
A. should have wished
B. must have wished
C. may have wished
D. could have wished
【答案】D
【解析】考查情态动词。could have wished可能希望。句意：—生日快乐！—谢谢你！这是我所能期望的最好礼物了。should have wished本应郗望而实际并非如此；must have wished 一定希望；may have wished也许希望。
【2012江苏卷28】Days later, my brother called to say he was all right, but_______ say where he was.
A. mustn't
B. shouldn't
C. wouldn't
D. mightn't
【答案】C
【解析】考查情态动词。wouldn’t不愿意。句意为：几天后，我哥哥打电话说他一切都好，但不愿意说他在哪儿。mustn’t禁止；shouldn’t不应该；mightn’t或许不。
【2012安徽卷31】Grace doesn't want to move to New York because she thinks if she_______ there, she wouldn't be able to see her parents very often.
A. lives
B. would live
C. having asked
D. Were to live
【答案】D
【解析】考查虚拟语气。在含有虚拟条件句的复合句中，主句和从句的谓语都要用虚拟语气。语境表明题中信息是对将来情况的一种假设。
—Sorry, Sir, but it’s urgent.
A. Can
B. Should
C. Must
D. Would
【答案】C
【解析】考查情态动词。句意：—现在你一定要打断我吗？难道你没看见我在打电话吗？—对不起，先生，但事情很急。根据句意，C选项符合语境。
【2012辽宁卷24】One of our rules is that every student_______ wear school uniform while at school.
A. might
B. could
C. shall
D. will
【答案】C
【解析】考查情态动词。Shall用于法律、法规、公文、条约、规章中，表示义务或规定，一般用于第三人称。句意：根据学校规定学生在校时都必须要穿校服。
【考点分析】情态动词shall是考查重点，近年来许多省市的高考试题中多次考查该考点，要注意掌握它的三个基本用法。
【考点解读】
请做以下试题（先练习后归纳）：
①―The interest _______ be divided into five parts, according to the agreement made by both sides,‖ declared the judge.
A. may
B. should
C. must
D. shall
答案：D。
②He _______ come and worry her with questions, just when she was busy cooking the dinner!
A. must
B. can
C. shall
D. will
答案：A。must表示不受欢迎或不需要做的事，可译为―偏偏‖。
③—Excuse me, but I want to use your dictionary to look up some new words in the passage? —You _______ have my dicti onary if you don’t take good care of it.
A. may not
B. shan’t
C. needn’t
D. shouldn’t
答案：B。
④（2006北京25）—What’s your name?
—Kulaifi. _______ I spell that for you?
A. Shall
B. Would
C. Can
D. Might
答案：A。
注意如下有关此考点的三个用法总结：
(1) shall用于法律、法规、公文、条约、规章中，表示义务或规定，一般用于第三人称，如例①；
(2) shall用于二、三人称，表示警告、允诺、强迫、威胁、决心、意图等，如例③；
(3) Shall用于第一、三人称，征求对方意见，如例④。
【2012湖南29】Sorry, I am too busy now. If I _______ time, I would certainly go for an outing with you.
A. have had
B. had had
C. have
D. had
【答案】D
【解析】考查虚拟语气。在含有虚拟条件句的复合句中，主句和从句的谓语都要用虚拟语气。语境表明句中信息是对现在情况的一种假设。
He went out for an outing accompanied by his dog. 他带着狗一同去郊游了。
【2011全国卷32】They_______ have arrived at lunchtime but their flight was delayed.
A. will
B. can
C. must
D. should
【答案】D
【解析】考查情态动词。should have done本来应该做某事，而实际没做。句意：他们本应该在午饭时到达，但他们的航班推迟了。
【2011全国卷II 8】If you_______ smoke, please go outside.
A. can
B. should
C. must
D. may
【答案】C
【解析】考查情态动词。句意：如果你非得要抽烟，请到外面去。If you must (do sth) 表示虽不赞同但允许，译为―如果你一定要那么做‖。
【2011北京卷24】—I don’t really like James. Why did you invite him?
—Don’t worry. He_______ co me. He said he wasn’t certain what his plans were.
A. must not
B. need not
C. would not
D. might not
【答案】D
【解析】考查情态动词。句意：—我真不喜欢詹姆斯。你为何邀请了他？—别担心。他可能不来。他讲他的计划还没安排好。题中信息he wasn’t certain表明詹姆斯可能不来。
【2011北京卷28】—Where are the children? The dinner’s go ing to be completely ruined.
—I wish they_______ always late.
A. weren’t
B. hadn’t been
C. wouldn’t be
D. wouldn’t have been
【答案】A
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：—孩子们哪儿去了？这顿饭快要给搅了。—但愿他们别要老是迟到。题中信息always，表明从句中是对现在情况的愿望，用一般过去时。
动词wish后的宾语从句的谓语动词情况：
【语言学习】ruin
1. 毁灭；使覆灭
The whole supermarket was ruined in a great fire. 整个超级市场被一场大火烧掉。
2. 毁坏；葬送
Bad weather ruined our holidays. 坏天气把我们的假日全给搅了。
You are ruining the child! 你把孩子宠坏了!
3. 使破产
He was ruined by gambling. 赌博使他倾家荡产。
【2011北京卷30】Maybe if I_______ science, and not literature then, I would be able to give you more help.
A. studied
B. would study
C. had studied
D. was studying
【答案】C
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：或许以前我学的是理科而不是文科，现在就能给你更多的帮助。then表示过去的时间，if引导的从句是对过去的虚拟，用过去完成时。
注意：条件从句中的动作和主句中的动作发生的时间不一致（表示错综时间的虚拟语气）时，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间加以调整。如：If you had listened to the doctor，you would be all right now. 如果你当初听了医生的话，身体现在就好了。（从句动作指过去，主句动作指现在）。
【2011天津卷15】I _______ sooner but I didn’t know that they were waiting for me.
A. had come
B. was coming
C. would come
D. would have come
【答案】D
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：我本来可以早点来，但我真不知道他们在等我。句中信息but I didn’t know表明发生在过去时间，所以前句是对过去的虚拟，谓语动词一般用would have done的形式。
【2011上海春招27】Some young people these days just _______ go out of their homes to contact the real world.
A. mustn’t
B. won’t
C. mightn’t
D. shouldn’t
【答案】B
【解析】考查情态动词。won’t不愿意。句意：现在一些年轻人就是不愿意走出家门接触真实世界。mustn’t禁止，不允许；mightn’t可能不；shouldn’t不应该。
【2011福建卷34】—Pity you missed the lecture on nuclear pollution.
——I _______ it, but I was busy preparing for a job interview.
A. attended
B. had attended
C. would attend
D. would have attended
【答案】D
【解析】考查虚拟语气。would have done可用于虚拟句，表示与过去的事实相反。句意：
—真遗憾，你错过了有关核污染的讲座。—我本可以去听的，但我当时忙于工作面试。语境表明空格处是对过去的虚拟，谓语动词一般用would have done。
【2011江苏卷34】—I left my handbag on the train, but luckily someone gave it to a railway official.
—How unbelievable to get it back! I mean, someone _______ it.
A. will have stolen
B. might have stolen
C. should have stolen
D. must have stolen
【答案】B
【解析】考查虚拟语气。might have stolen 过去本可能发生过，但没发生。句意：—我把手提包落在火车上了。但很幸运，有人捡到交给了铁路部门。—难以置信，竟然失而复得！我是说，能有人会偷了。will have done将来完成，must have done一定做过某事，should have done 本来应该做某事，而实际没做。
【语言学习】leave
1. 留下；丢下；忘带
I left my dictionary in the library. 我把词典丢在图书馆里了
2. 使……处于(某种状态)；听任；让
Leave the windows open. It's so stuffy here. 让窗子开着，这儿太闷热了。
The earthquake left them homeless. 地震让他们无家可归。
【2011福建卷25】—Shall I inform him of the change of the schedule right now?
—I am afraid you_______, in case he comes late for the meeting .
A. will
B. must
C. may
D. can
【答案】B
【解析】考查情态动词。must必须，得，一定要，坚持要。句意：—现在就通知他计划有变吗？—恐怕你必须告诉他，以防他开会迟到。
【语言学习】Must 巧，偏偏
The machine must break down at this busy hour. 正忙的时候，机器偏偏又坏了。
Just as I was busiest, he must come bothering me with some questions. 正在我最忙的时候，偏巧他来问我一些问题来烦我。
【2011安徽卷26】—What do you think of store shopping in the future?
—Personally, I think it will exist along with home shopping but _______.
A. will never replace
B. would never replace
C. will never be replaced
D. would never be replaced
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词时态。句意：—将来的商店购物怎样？—我个人认为会与网购并存，但不会被取代。语境表明空格处用一般将来时的被动语态。
【语言学习】replace
1. 把…放回原处，放回
Please replace the books after reading. 看完书后请将书放回原处。
2. 替换；更换
The salesgirl said she would replace the TV set if we were not satisfied.女售货员说如果我们对这台电视机不满意，她可以给换一台。
【2011浙江卷11】—How’s your new babysitter?
—We _______ ask for a better one. All our kids love her so much.
A. should
B. might
C. mustn’t
D. couldn’t
【解析】考查情态动词。couldn’t不可能，它与比较级连用表示最高级的意义。句意：—新保姆怎样？——找不到更好的了。孩子们都很喜欢她。should应该；might可能；mustn’t禁止。
【语言学习】比较级用于否定结构可表―最……不过‖。该结构多为―can't ／couldn't ＋比较级‖的形式。如：The weather couldn’t be worse.天气再糟糕不过了。用于该结构中的否定词除了not之外，还有no，never，nothing等。例如：This could give her no greater pleasure．这使她再高兴不过了。当该结构中的比较级为less时，该结构意为―一点也不‖。He had never felt less like talking to anyone．他从未如此不想和人谈话。
【2011四川卷20】The police still haven’t found the lost child, but they’re doing all they_______.
A. can
B. may
C. must
D. should
【答案】A
【解析】考查情态动词。can能够，表示一种能力。句意：警方还没找到失踪的孩子，但他们现在尽其所能做。may可能，许可；must必须；should应该。
【2011湖南卷28】—No one _______ be compared with Yao Ming in playing basketball. —Oh, you are really his big fan.
A. can
B. need
C. must
D. might
【答案】A
【解析】考查情态动词。Can能，能够，表示一种能力。句意：在打篮球方面没人能比得上姚明。need需要，must必须，might可能。
【2011辽宁卷21】If you_______ go, at least wait until the storm is over.
A. can
B. may
C. must
D. will
【答案】C
【解析】考查情态动词。If you must (do sth) 表示虽不赞同但允许，译为―如果你一定要那么做‖。句意：如果你一定要离开，至少也要等到暴风雨过去。
【2011重庆卷25】—Why didn’t you come to Simon’s party last night?
— I wanted to, but my mom simply _______ not let me out so late at night.
A. could
B. might
C. would
D. should
【答案】C
【解析】考查情态动词。would【表示喜欢、意愿】要，会，肯。句意：—昨晚为什么没来参加西蒙的晚会？—我想来，但我妈就是不愿我如此晚出来。could可以，能够，表示可能性或用于婉转语气；might可能，表示不确定；；should应该，表示建议、命令、决定等。【2011陕西卷22】I_______ through that bitter period without your generous help.
A. couldn’t have gone
B. didn’t go
C. wouldn’t go
D. hadn’t gone
【答案】A
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：没有你的慷慨帮助，我不可能度过那段痛苦的时期。句中信息that bitter period表示过去的时间，所以空格处谈论过去的事情，用couldn’t have gone。用介词短语代替条件状语从句。有时假设的情况并不用条件从句表示出来，而是通过介词短语来表示。如：Without air （If there were not air），there would be no living things. 如果没有空气的话，就不会有生物了。But for your help （If it hadn't been for your help）I couldn't have done it. 要是没有你的帮助，我就不可能完成这件事。
【2011陕西卷24】—Will you read me a story, Mummy?
—OK. You_______ have one if you go to bed as soon as possible.
A. might
B. must
C. could
D. shall
【解析】考查情态动词。shall用于二、三人称，表示意图、警告、允诺、强迫、威胁、决心等句意：—可给我读一个故事听吗？—好的，如果你立即上床睡觉，我就给你讲故事。【2011江西卷23】It _______ be the postman at the door. It’s only six o’clock.
A. mustn’t
B.can’t
C.won’t
D.needn’t
【答案】B
【解析】考查情态动词。can’t 不可能。句意：才六点钟，门口不可能是邮递员。mustn’t 禁止，不允许；won’t 不愿意；needn’t 不必要。
【2011江西卷28】We _______ John’s name on the race list yesterday but for his recent injury.
A. will put
B. will have put
C. would put
D. would have put 【答案】D
【解析】考查虚拟语气。But for…要不是；如果没有。句意：要不是他最近受伤，我们会把约翰的名字加进昨天的比赛名单中。用介词短语代替条件状语从句。有时假设的情况并不用条件从句表示出来，而是通过介词短语来表示。如：Without air （If there were not air），there would be no living things. 如果没有空气的话，就不会有生物了。But for your help （If it hadn't been for your help）I couldn't have done it. 要是没有你的帮助，我就不可能完成这件事。【2010江西】I have told you the truth. _______ I keep repeating it?
A. Must
B. Can
C. May
D. Will
【答案】A
【解析】考查情态动词。must (为了达到某种结果)一定得，必须。句意：我已经告诉了你真相, 我还得重复一遍吗？
【2010山东】I_______ have watched that movie —it’ll give me horrible dreams.
A. shouldn’t
B. needn’t
C. couldn’t
D. mustn’t
【答案】A
【解析】查情态动词。用shouldn’t have done本不应该做而做了某事。句意：我本不应该看那部电影——它会让我做噩梦。
【2010安徽】Jack described his father, who _______ a brave boy many years ago, as a strong–willed man.
A. would be
B. would have been
C. must be
D. must have been
【答案】D
【解析】考查情态动词。must have been对过去事情的推测，语气十分肯定。句意：杰克把他父亲描述为意志坚强的人, 多年前他父亲肯定很勇敢。句中信息Jack described his father as a strong– willed man.表明空格处用must as a strong– willed man。
【2010安徽】Bob would have helped us yesterday, but he_______.
A. was busy
B. is busy
C. had been busy.
D. will be busy
【答案】A
【解析】虚拟语气与时态。并列句的前一分句是对过去的虚拟, 所以转折分句谈及的是过去的事实, 所以用一般过去式。句意：昨天鲍勃本来会帮助我们，但他很忙。
【2010湖南】You_______ buy a gift, but you can if you want to.
A. must
B. mustn’t
C. have to
D. don’t have to 【答案】D
【解析】考查情态动词。don’t have to没有必要。句意：你没必要买礼物, 但如果你想买，也可买。
【2010湖南】If he_______ my advice, he wouldn't have lost his job.
A. followed
B. should follow
C. had followed
D. would follow 【答案】C
【解析】考查虚拟语气。主句中信息wouldn’t have lost表明从句中表示与过去事实相反的情况, 谓语动词用had done的形式。
【2010天津】Mark_______ have hurried. After driving at top speed, he arrived half an hour early.
A. needn’t
B. wouldn’t
C. mustn’t
D. couldn’t
【答案】A
【解析】考查情态动词。needn’t have done本来不必要做某事的而实际上做了。句意：迈克本不必要那么忙。高速赶路后，他提早半个小时就到达了。
【2010天津】John went to the hospital alone. If he_______ me about it, I would have gone with him.
A. should tell
B. tells
C. told
D. had told
【答案】D
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：约翰独自去医院了。如果他告诉我, 我会跟他一块去。
在含有虚拟条件句的复合句中，主句和从句的谓语都要用虚拟语气。语境表明题中信息是对过去情况的一种假设。
—I’m afraid not.
A. Will
B. May
C. Must
D. Need
【答案】B
【解析】考查情态动词。情态动词can, may, could, might可表请求。句意：—我可将此书带出吗？—恐怕不行。语境表明空格处选择表示请求的情态动词。
【2010陕西】—May I take this book out of the reading room?
—No, you_______. You read it in here.
A. mightn’t
B. won’t
C. needn’t
D. mustn’t
【答案】D
【解析】考查情态动词。may或might征求意见的问句的否定回答用mustn’t。注意：could, might表示询问或征求意见的问句中, 肯定回答用can或may来代替could或might。【2010全国I】Just be patient.You _______ expect the world to change so soon.
A. can’t
B. needn’t
C. may not
D. whether
【答案】A
【解析】考查情态动词。can’t不可能。句意：耐心些, 你不能指望世界变化如此快。【2010江苏】—I haven’t got the reference book yet, but I’ll have a test on the subject next month.
—Don’t worry. You_______ have it by Friday.
A. could
B. shall
C. must
D. may
【答案】B
【解析】考查情态动词。Shall用于第二人称表示允诺、强制、命令、威胁、警告等。句中表示一种允诺。
【2010江苏】George is going to talk about the geography of his country, but I’d rather he_______ more on its culture.
A. focus
B. focused
C. would focus
D. had focused
【答案】B
【解析】考查虚拟语气。would rather后应用虚拟语气, 表示与现在或将来事实相反，谓语动词用一般过去式；表示与过去事实相反,谓语动词用过去完成时。题中表示与现在事实相反，所以谓语动词用一般过去式。
【2010陕西】If we _______ the other road, we might have arrived here in time for the meeting.
A. take
B. had taken
C. took
D. have taken
【答案】B
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：假如走另一条路，我们可能会及时到达会场。
在含有虚拟条件句的复合句中，主句和从句的谓语都要用虚拟语气。语境表明题中信息是对
【2010全国II】I’m afraid Mr. Harding _______ see you now. He’s busy.
A. can’t
B. mustn’t
C. shouldn’t D .needn’t
【答案】A
【解析】考查情态动词。can’t不可能。句意：恐怕现在哈丁先生不可能见你，他很忙。【2010湖北】It’s said that they have swum to the island from the continent, but they _______（不可能做到）because the ocean in between is too wide. (do)
【答案】can’t/ couldn’t have done it
【解析】考查情态动词。对过去发生事情的推测用―情态动词+完成体‖。
【2010湖北】Mr. Johnson insisted that the problem worthy of attention _______ (讨论) at the meeting. (discuss)
【答案】(should) be discussed
【解析】考查虚拟语气。在insist，suggest，demand，order，propose，command，request，desire等动词后的宾语从句中，谓语动词用―should + 动词原形‖，表示建议、要求、命令等。【2010辽宁】Doctors say that exercise is important for health, but it _______ be regular exercise.
A. can
B. will
C. must
D. may
【答案】C
【解析】考查情态动词。Must必须。句意：医生说锻炼对身体重要, 但必须是有规律的锻炼。
【2010北京】—Good morning. I’ve got an appointment with Miss Smith in the Personnel Department.
—Ah, good morning. You_______ be Mrs. Peters.
A. might
B. must
C. would
D. can
【答案】B
【解析】查情态动词。must很可能，想必，一定是，表示一种推测。句意：—我人事部的史密斯小姐有约。—那你一定就是彼得夫人了。
【2010上海】—Sorry, Professor Smith. I didn't finish the assignment yesterday.
—Oh, you_______ have done it as yesterday was the deadline.
A. must
B. mustn't
C. should
D. shouldn't
【答案】C
【解析】考查情态动词。should have done本来应该做某事, 而未做。句意：—对不起,史密斯教授。我昨天没完成作业。—你本应该完成了，昨天是最后期限。
【2010北京】—The weather has been very hot and dry. —Yes. If it had rained even a drop, things would be much better now! And my vegetables_______.
A. wouldn't die
B. didn't die
C. hadn't died
D. wouldn't have died
【答案】D
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：—天气一直炎热干燥。—是的，要是当时哪怕下一滴雨, 现在的也会变得好的多！我的蔬菜本不会干死。语境表明蔬菜的死发生在过去。如果虚拟语气是表示与过去事实相反的假设，那么if从句的谓语形式用过去完成时即had＋过去分词，主句用would/should/could/might＋have＋过去分词。句子可还原为：If it had rained even a drop, my vegetables wouldn't have died.
【2010浙江】Had I known about this computer program, a huge amount of time and energy_______.
A. would have been saved
B. had been saved
C. will be saved
D. was saved
【答案】A
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果我知道这个电脑程序, 就可节省大量的时间和精力。如果虚拟条件从句中有were，had 或should，可以把if省略，把这几个词放到主语之前，构成主谓倒装。试题的正常语序为：If I had known about this computer program…。在含有虚拟条件句的复合句中，主句和从句的谓语都要用虚拟语气，形式如下：
here.‖
A. need
B. can
C. must
D. would
【答案】C
【解析】考查情态动词。must一定，必定，用于肯定的推测。句意：―你一定拨错了号码,‖她说。―这儿的没人叫这个名。‖
【2010重庆】You _______ park here! It’s an emergency exit.
A. wouldn’t
B. needn’t
C. couldn’t
D. mustn’t
【答案】D
【解析】考查情态动词。mustn’t不准或禁止某人做某事。句意：你不准在这儿禁止停车，这是个紧急出口。
情态动词与虚拟语气 【语法要点】 情态动词 所谓情态动词是指它含有一定的含义，可以表达某种感情和说话的语气，但是它不可以单独使用 作谓语动词。学习情态动词主要学习英语国家的语言习惯和表达法，特别是在口语中不要过分追求原理，更不要不根据说话场合而进行推理，编造出一些语法结构正确的中文式英语。 一、情态动词的类型 1.只作情态动词的有：must、can、could、may、might、ought to 2.既可作情态动词又可作实义动词的有：need、dare 3.既可作情态动词又可作助动词的有：shall、should、will、would 二、情态动词的特征 1.表示说话人的情感态度，不能单独作谓语，与行为动词或连系动词一起作谓语。 2.情态动词没有人称和数的变化，后接动词原形。 3.具有助动词的特征：可用来构成否定句、疑问句或简短答语。 三、情态动词的用法 1.表示能力 （1）表示现在的能力，用can 或be able to。表示一般的能力时多用can，表示“经过努力成功 的做成某事”用be able to。 （2）表示过去的能力，用could或was/were be able to。区别同上。 （3）表示将来的能力，用will be able to。 2.表示推测、可能性 （1）can 用在肯定句中表示客观的可能性，而不表示具体事情实际发生的可能性。 例如：Accidents can happy on such rainy days. （2）表示具体事情实际发生的可能性的情态动词，其表示可能性的层次如下表： 情态动词肯定式否定式疑问式 must 必定、必然、一定 will 很可能、大概不会、不该会,,吗？ would 可能性较will 小不会、不该（较won’t 弱）会,,吗？（较will 弱） should 应该会、理应（表示合乎理想的情况或结果） ought to 与should 同义 can 一定不会、不可能（否定推测）有可能吗？ could 可疑的可能不可能（与can’t 同义）有可能吗？（较can 弱）may 或许、可能、说不定可能不 might 或许、可能（较may 弱）可能不（较may not 弱） 注意→（1）may，must 常用于肯定句，一般不用于否定句和疑问句。 （2）can 常用于否定句，疑问句和感叹句中，表示疑惑、惊讶或不相信等意思。could 既可用于肯定句，又可用于否定句、疑问句中。
@ 情态动词和虚拟语气 1. Jack descried his father, who ________a brave boy many years ago, as a strong-wiled man A. would be B. would have been C. must be D. must have been ） 2. —Good morning. I've got an appointment with Miss Smith in the Personnel Department. —Ah, good morning. You _______ be Mrs. Peters. A. might B. must C. would D. can recommend parents _______ their children under 12 to ride bicycles to school for safety. ~ A. not allow B. do not allow C. mustn’t allow D. couldn’t allow 4. You_______ buy a gift, but you can if you want to. A. must B. mustn't C. have to D. don't have to 5. —I haven’t got the reference book yet, but I’ll have a test on the subject next month. —Don’t worry. You________ have it by Friday. A. could B. shall C. must D. may w_w w. k#s 6. I have told you the truth I keep repeating it A. Must B. Can C. May D. Will ~ 7. Doctors say that exercise is important for health, but it _______ be regular exercise. A. can B. will C. must D. may 8. Just be patient. You ________ expect the world to change so soon. A. can’t B. needn’t C. may not D. will not 9. I’m afraid Mr. Harding ________ see you now. He’s busy. A. can’t B. mustn’t C. shouldn’t D. needn’t 10. I _______ have watched that movie—it’ll give me horrible dreams. A. shouldn’t B. needn’t C. couldn’t D. mustn’t < 11. –May I take this book out of the reading room –No, you . You read it in here. A. mightn’t B. won’t C. needn’t D. mustn’t 12. —Sorry, Professor Smith. I didn't finish the assignment yesterday. — Oh, you _________ have done it as yesterday was the deadline. A. must B. mustn't C. should D. shouldn't 13. — _______ I take the book out —I'm afraid not. *
专题六情态动词和虚拟语气 1.【2015·北京】29．—Can’t you stay a little longer? —It’s getting late. I really _____go now, My daughter is home alone. A .may B .can C . must D .dare 【答案】C 【解析】 试题分析：句意：——你不能再多待会儿吗?——很晚了，我必须得走了.我女儿一个人在家.A. may可能，可以，也许；B. can能，会；C. must必须，必然要，必定会；D. dare敢，胆敢.结合句意，故选C. 【考点定位】考查情态动词辨析 【名师点睛】本题是考查情态动词，这里考查的是语气的强度，在这里结合语境是“一定”的意思，所以要做好此类辨析题需掌握情态动词选项的语气并结合语境. 2.【2015·北京】34. If I _____it with my own eyes ,I wouldn’t have believed it. A . didn’t see B. weren’t seeing C. wouldn’t see D. hadn’t seen 【答案】D 【解析】 试题分析：句意：如果不是我亲眼看到，我不会相信.根据后半句wouldn’t have believed 可以判断是对过去的虚拟.所以从句是if+主语+ had+done的形式.故选D. 【考点定位】虚拟语气 【名师点睛】条件句中有if引导时,首先要根据句意和句子结构判断是真实条件句还是虚拟条件句,如果符合虚拟的结构,就可以根据句子中的时间和语意判断应该用哪种虚拟语气. 3.【2015·重庆】7. Without his wartime experiences, Hemingway____ his famous novel A Farewell to Arms. A.d idn’t write B. hadn’t written C. wouldn’t write D. wouldn’t have written 【答案】D 【解析】 试题分析：句意：没有他战时的经验，海明威就不可能写出著名的小说永别了武器.根据without his wartime experience没有战时的经历，可知表示对于过去的否定猜测，故主句
一．情态动词 1.---Could I borrow your dictionary? ----Yes,of course you_____. A.might B. will C. can D. should 2.---Shall we go skating or stay at home? ----Which _____do yourself? A.do you rather B.would you rather C.will you rather D.should you rather 3.It’s nearly seven o’clock.Jack ___be here at any moment. A. must B need C should D can 4.A computer __think for itself ,it must be told what to do. A. can’t B couldn’t C may not D might 5. Johnny,you ___play with the knife.You ___hurt yourself. A.won’t ;can’t B. mustn’t; may C. shouldn’t; must D. can’t; shouldn’t 6.—Shall I tell John about it? -----No,you _____.I’ve told him already. A. needn’t B.wouldn’t C. mustn’t D. shouldn’t 7.---Don’t forget to come to my birthday party tomorrow. ----______. A.I don’t B.I won’t C.I can’t D.I haven’t 8.He ____you more help,even though he was busy. A.might have given B.might give C.may have given D.may give 9.----There were already five people in the car but they managed to take me as well. ---It ___a comfortbable journey. A.can’t be B.shouldn’t be C.mustn’t have been D.couldn’t have been 10.I told Sally how to get there ,but perhaps I ___for her. A.had to write it out B.must to have written it out C.should have written it out D.ought to write it out 11.---When can I come for photos?I need them tomorrow afternoon. ---They ___be ready by 12:00. A.can B. should C might D need 12.---I stayed at a hotel while in New York. ----Oh,did you?You ____with Barbara. A.could have stayed B.could stay C.would stay D.must have stayed 13.-----Alice, you feed the bird today.____? -----But I fed it yesterday. A.do you B.will you C.didn’t you D.don’t you 14.The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone ____get out. A.had to B.would C.was able to D.could
情态动词和虚拟语气 情态动词的用法要点 一、表能力 Can Am/is/are able to 表现在的能力 Will be able to 表将来的能力 could Was/were able to 表过去得能力 Could have+过去分词：表示过去有能力做但未做 二、表推测（可能性） 1.可能性可分为客观的可能性和具体事情实际发生的可能性两种。所谓客观的（理论的）可能性即并不涉及 具体某事是否会发生，此种用法常常可以说明人或事物的特征。情态动词can可用于肯定句中表示客观的（理论的）可能性，而表示具体事情实际发生的可能性时，can一般不用于肯定句。 Accidents can happen on such rainy days. We may go to the cinema tonight, but we are not sure yet. 2.表示具体事情实际发生的可能性： （2）表示具体事情实际发生的可能性时，may, must 常用于肯定句，一般不用于否定句和疑问句（may not 表示“可能不”）；can常用于否定句、疑问句或感叹句中，表示疑惑、惊讶或不相信等意思；could既可用于肯定句又可用于否定句、疑问句中。 This can’t/ couldn’t be done by him. This may not be done by him. He could be on his way home now. Can this be done by him? Mr Mush is on time for everything. How can it be that he was late for the opening ceremony? I didn’t hear the phone. I must have been asleep. ---Are you coming to Jeff’party? ---I’m not sure. I might go to the concert instead. (3) would, could, should, might 并不一定与过去时间有关，而表示可能性弱于它们相应的现在时形式。 This may/ might be done by him. (4)should 表推测时，表示确定或可能有的未来或期望，即合乎理想的情况或结果 He ought to/ should be here on time---he started early enough. We should arrive before dark. The roads should be less crowded today. 三、表示请求、允许、允诺 1.当对方是决策者时，你代表你（们）自己（I, we），或代表第三者（he she they）向对方（you）请示或提 出建议时用：
Subjunctive mood (P122, p. 129. P 143 动词过去完成体P181-190, 395)条件句 14. “I wondered if I could have a word with you.” The past tense in the sentence refers to a __B___. (p128) 2017 A. past event for exact time reference B. present event for tentativeness C. present event for uncertainty D. past event for politeness V. in specific contexts, the simple past can also denote the present or the future time. There are two uses. One is known as the attitudinal past (属于“表态性过去时” (attitudinal past), 即表示说话人当前的试探性态度, 而非过去时间, 多用于表示意愿或心理状态的动词) , that is , the past tense is associated with the present time in independent clauses expressing a question, request or suggestion. Its effect is to make the question/request/suggestion less direct, implying a polite, somewhat tentative attitude试探性态度，婉转语气on the part of the speaker. A: Did you want me? B.Yes, I wondered if you could give me some help . Want, wonder, think, hope
要点一情态动词的基本用法 ,could 【温馨提示】 can有时也用于肯定句,表示理论上的可能性或一时的情况。常译为“有时会”。 ,might 【温馨提示】 may表示请求许可时,其否定回答一般用mustn’t。may not意为“可能不”,而can’t意为“不可能”。 ,would 【温馨提示】 would表示过去的习惯时仅指动作,而且不与现在作对比;used to表示过去的习惯动作或状态,而且与现在作对比,说明现在这种动作或状态已经不存在。
,should,ought to ,have to 【温馨提示】 (1)在回答must的问句时,否定回答通常用needn’t或don’t have to。(2) mustn’t表示“禁止;不许”;而don’t have to表示“不必”。(3) must只有一种形式,而have to有人称、时态的变化。 的用法 的用法
【温馨提示】 (1)dare用作情态动词有dare,dared两种形式。 (2)dare用作实义动词,后接不定式,不定式符号to可省去,但dare以动词-ing形式出现时,不定式符号to不能省略。 要点二“情态动词+have done ”的用法 have done表示对过去已发生的事情进行肯定的推断,只用于肯定句中,意为“一定,必定”,其否定形式为:can’t/cannot have done。 It must have rained last night,for the road was quite wet. 昨晚肯定下雨了,因为路面十分潮湿。 I saw Mr Wang just can’t have gone abroad. 刚刚我还看见王先生了,他不可能已经出国了。 have done意为“本来可以……,本来能够……”,表示虚拟语气。 You could have made greater progress,but you didn’t try your best. 你本来可以取得更大的进步,但是你没有努力。 might have done表示对过去已发生的事情进行推断,意为“可能/或许已经……”。其否定形式为: may/might not have done意为“可能没有做……”。 It’s no use going to his may not have gone may have gone somewhere else. 去他家没用。他可能没有回家,可能已经去了别的地方。 ought to have done表示本应该做某事,却没有做,含有责备或后悔之意。其否定形式为should not/ought not to
谓语动词(情态动词、虚拟语气) 要点一情态动词的基本用法 【温馨提示】can有时也用于肯定句,表示理论上的可能性或一时的情况。常译为“有时会”。 2.may,might 【温馨提示】may表示请求许可时,其否定回答一般用mustn’t。may not意为“可能不”,而can’t意为“不可能”。 【温馨提示】would表示过去的习惯时仅指动作,而且不与现在作对比;used to表示过去的习惯动作或状态,而且与现在作对比,说明现在这种动作或状态已经不存在。 4.shall,should,ought to
5.must,have to 【温馨提示】 (1)在回答must 的问句时,否定回答通常用 needn ’t 或don ’t have to 。(2) mustn ’t 表示“禁止;不许”;而don ’t have to 表示“不必”。(3) must 只有一种形式,而have to 有人称、时态的变化。 7.dare 的用法 【温馨提示】 (1)dare 用作情态动词有dare,dared 两种形式。 (2)dare 用作实义动词,后接不定式,不定式符号to 可省去,但dare 以动词-ing 形式出现时,不定式符号to 不能省略。 要点二 “情态动词+have done ”的用法 1.must have done 表示对过去已发生的事情进行肯定的推断,只用于肯定句中,意为“一定,必定”,其否定形式为:can ’t/cannot have done 。 It must have rained last night,for the road was quite wet. 昨晚肯定下雨了,因为路面十分潮湿。 I saw Mr Wang just now.He can ’t have gone abroad. 刚刚我还看见王先生了,他不可能已经出国了。 2.could have done 意为“本来可以……,本来能够……”,表示虚拟语气。 You could have made greater progress,but you didn ’t try your best. 你本来可以取得更大的进步,但是你没有努力。 3.may/might have done 表示对过去已发生的事情进行推断,意为“可能/或许已经……”。其否定形式为: may/might not have done 意为“可能没有做……”。 It ’s no use going to his house.He may not have gone home.He may have gone somewhere else. 去他家没用。 他可能没有回家,可能已经去了别的地方。 4.should/ought to have done 表示本应该做某事,却没有做,含有责备或后悔之意。其否定形式为should not/ought not to have done 表示“本不该做某事却做了”。
“would+have+done”虚拟语气，表示对过去事情的假设，意思是“本来会做” 1. I would have told you all about the boy's story, but you didn't ask me. 我本来会告诉你这个小男孩的故事，但是你没有问我。 2. Without your help, I wouldn't have achieved so much. 没有你的帮助，我是不会取得如此大的成绩。“could+have+done”是虚拟语气，表示对过去事情的假设，意思是本来能够做某事而没有做。 He could have passed the exam, but he was too careless. 本来他能够通过考试，但是他太粗心。 请看相关知识点： 一、“must+have+done”表示对过去事情的肯定推测，译成“一定做过某事”，该结构只用于肯定句。 1. It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet. 昨晚一定下雨了，因为地面还是湿的。 2. You must have been mad to speak to the servant. 你和仆人说话，一定是发疯了。 二、“can't+have+done”表示对过去事情的否定推测，译成“不可能做过某事”。 1. Mr. Smith can't have gone to Beijing, for I saw him in the library just now. 史密斯先生不可能去北京了，我刚才还在图书馆见过他。 2. Mary can't have stolen your money. She has gone home. 玛丽不可能偷你的钱，她回家去了。 三、“can+have+done”表示对过去行为的怀疑，用于疑问句，译成“可能做过……吗？”。 1. There is no light in the room. Can they have gone out? 屋里没有灯，他们可能出去了吗？ 2. There is nowhere to find them. Where can they have gone? 到处找不到他们，他们可能到什么地方去呢？ 四、“could+have+done”是虚拟语气，表示对过去事情的假设，意思是本来能够做某事而没有做。 He could have passed the exam, but he was too careless. 本来他能够通过考试，但是他太粗心。 五、“may+have+done”表示对发生过的事情的推测，意思是“可能已经”或“也许已经”，用于肯定句中。 —What has happened to George? —I don't know. He may have got lost. —乔治发生了什么事？
高效演练·跟踪检测区 语法填空 阅读下面材料, 在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。 1 Long ago, there was a mother and a son living in a house. She worked hard every day, but they were always poor. One day, her son stol e his friend’s bag. “Mom, 1. do you think of this bag? ”His mother 2. (scold)him, but she didn’t. “It looks great! ” The next time, he stole an overcoat. She praised him again after he stole it. A few years later, he grew up to be 3. young man. He stole jewelry and brought them to his mother. “How beautiful! ”This time, she did not scold her son again. Then, 4. he was pleased by his mother, he started to steal 5. (expensive)things. One day, the police caught him. Before putting him in jail, he begged the police to meet his mother. They took 6. to his mother. As soon as he saw his mother, he hit her ear lobe. “Ouch! What’s the matter with you? ”She finally scolded him. Her son answered, “If you 7. (give)me a scolding like that when I stole the first bag, I could not have become a thief. ” She collapsed as she looked at her son 8. (head)for the prison. “If only I 9. turn back time, I would scold him 10. (severe). ”Sh e regretted that she had always praised him, whatever he did.
三年（2017-2019）年高考真题分项汇编 专题06 情态动词和虚拟语气 一、2019年高考真题 1.【2019·江苏卷·单项填空】31.What a pity! You missed the sightseeing, or we _________a good time together. A. had B. will have C. would have had D. had had 【答案】C 【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：真遗憾！你错过了这次观光，否则，我们本应该在一起度过一段愉快时光的。根据上文，可知是对过去事情的虚拟，与过去事实相反的假设。其句子结构为：从句：If+主语+过去完成时+其他，主句：主语+should(would, could, might)+现在完成时+其他，故选C。 2.【2019·天津卷·单项填空】14.The workers were not better organized, otherwise they ____________ the task in half the time. A. accomplished B. had accomplished C. would accomplish D. would have accomplished 【答案】D 【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：工人们没有被更好的组织起来，否则他们用一半的时间就能完成任务。根据上句the workers were not better organized可知，这是对过去事情的虚拟。与过去事实相反的假设。其句子结构为：从句：If+主语+过去完成时+其他，主句：主语+should(would, could, might)+现在完成时+其他，故选D。 二、2018年高考真题 1.【2018·江苏】24. It’s strange that he _______ have taken the books without the owner’s permission. A. would B. should C. could D. might 【答案】B 【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：真奇怪，他竟然没有主人的允许就拿走了这些书。在句型”It is important/necessary/strange/impossible/natural that...”中，其中由that引导的主语从句通常用“should+动词原形”这样的虚拟语气，其中的should可以省略。故选B。 点睛：本题考查虚拟语气。It is important/necessary/strange/impossible/natural that... 主语从句多数情况下用虚拟语气，表达一种要求、命令或者责备、建议或主观看法。但是如果只是表示陈述一个事实而不是强烈的感情，完全可以用一般的陈述语气。试比较：It is strange that he had made a mistake.（陈述一个事实：他犯
情态动词和虚拟语气 1. --- I haven't got the reference book yet, but I'll have a test on the subject next month. --- Don't worry. You_______ have it by Friday. A. could B. shall C. must D. may 2. --- I left my handbag on the train, but luckily someone gave it to a railway official. --- How unbelievable to get it back! I mean, someone_______ it. A. will have stolen B. might have stolen C. should have stolen D. must have stolen 3. --- She looks very happy. She_______ have passed the exam. --- I guess so. It’s not difficult after all. A. should B. could C. must D. might 4. George is going to talk about the geography of his country, but I’d rather he_______ more on its culture. A. focus B. focused C. would focus D. had focused 5. --- I’m sorry. I _______ at you the other day. --- Forget it. I was a bit out of control myself. A. shouldn’t shout B. shouldn’t have shouted C. mustn’t shout D. mustn’t have shouted 6. --- ________the plane have taken off on time? --- I'm afraid not. So many flights were delayed due to the bitterly cold weather. A. Need B. Should C. Can D. Must 7. --- I didn't attend Tom's wedding yesterday. --- I _________, either, if my friend hadn't reminded me. A. wouldn't B. wouldn't have C. didn't D. hadn't 8. We’re still at the airport. If it weren’t for the delayed flight, we ___________ the concert right now. A. can be enjoying B. must have enjoyed C. would be enjoying D. should have enjoyed 9. For environmental reasons, we _____________ as well take these waste products and have them recycled.
2017-2019高考英语真题分类解析-----情态动词和虚拟语气 一、2019年高考真题 1.【2019·江苏卷·单项填空】31.What a pity! You missed the sightseeing, or we _________a good time together. A. had B. will have C. would have had D. had had 【答案】C 【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：真遗憾！你错过了这次观光，否则，我们本应该在一起度过一段愉快时光的。根据上文，可知是对过去事情的虚拟，与过去事实相反的假设。其句子结构为：从句：If+主语+过去完成时+其他，主句：主语+should(would, could, might)+现在完成时+其他，故选C。 2.【2019·天津卷·单项填空】14.The workers were not better organized, otherwise they ____________ the task in half the time. A. accomplished B. had accomplished C. would accomplish D. would have accomplished 【答案】D 【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：工人们没有被更好的组织起来，否则他们用一半的时间就能完成任务。根据上句the workers were not better organized可知，这是对过去事情的虚拟。与过去事实相反的假设。其句子结构为：从句：If+主语+过去完成时+其他，主句：主语+should(would, could, might)+现在完成时+其他，故选D。 二、2018年高考真题 1.【2018·江苏】24. It’s strange that he _______ have taken the books without the owner’s permission. A. would B. should C. could D. might 【答案】B 【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：真奇怪，他竟然没有主人的允许就拿走了这些书。在句型”It is important/necessary/strange/impossible/natural that...”中，其中由that引导的主语从句通常用“should+动词原形”这样的虚拟语气，其中的should可以省略。故选B。 点睛：本题考查虚拟语气。It is important/necessary/strange/impossible/natural that... 主语从句多数情况下用虚拟语气，表达一种要求、命令或者责备、建议或主观看法。但是如果只是表示陈述一个事实而不是强烈的感情，完全可以用一般的陈述语气。试比较：It is strange that he had made a mistake.（陈述一个事实：他犯了错误让人有点奇怪。）It is strange that he (should) have made a mistake. （虚拟语气，说话者是在责备他本
第一课 1、I often see lights in that empty house.Do you think I report it to the police? A、should B、may C、will D、can 2、----The room is so dirty. we clean it? ----Of course. A、Will B、Shall C、Would D、Do 3、My English—Chinese dictionary has disappeared.Who have taken it? A、should B、must C、could D、would 4、It is suggested that a doctor immediately. A、be sent for B、send for C、is send for D、should send for 5、When he was there,he go to that coffee shop at the corner after work every day. A、would B、should C、had better D、might 6、Mary never does any reading in the evening, . A、so does John B、John does too C、John doesn’t too D、nor does John 7、----The computer is still on,could you have forgotten to turn it off? ----Yes,I . A、could have B、could C、must D、might have 8、Research findings show we spend about two hours dreaming every night,no matter what we during the day. A、may have done B、would have done C、must have done D、should have done 9、It’s 4 p.m.now and we’ve covered most of the distance.We arrive before dark. A、would B、should C、would rather D、have to 10、When the police took the suspect to the police station,he insisted that he the lady’s purse and that he free. A、not steal;be set B、didn’t steal;was set C、not steal;should be D、didn’t steal;be set 11、Jenny have kept her word.I wonder why she changed her mind. A、must B、should C、need D、would 12、he knew nothing about her. A、He appears as if B、It seems that C、It appears as if D、It seems as if 13、Peter come with us tonight,but he isn’t sure. A、must B、may C、can D、will 14、Helen go on the trip with us,but she isn’t quite sure yet. A、shall B、must C、may D、can 15、----There were already five people in the car,but they managed to take me as well.