Unit 1 Corporate Culture
Part A. Getting Started
Answers:
2 Match these words and phrases (a-j) on corporate culture with their definitions (1-10).
1-a 2-c 3-e 4-b 5-j 6-f 7-h 8-d 9-g 10-i
Part B. Listening Tasks
Listening 1: About Management Worldwide Ltd
[Listening script]
The number of training organizations in the country has been increasing at a rapid pace over the last decade and this trend seems set to continue. Management Worldwide Ltd is one of the country‘s most successful training organizations, with over 50 centers throughout the UK. Its focus is on a single area: management skills training. Management Worldwide employs over a thousand people in areas as diverse as accountancy, marketing, computing, sales and languages. It has a non-hierarchical approach to management and believes in giving responsibility to staff at all levels of the organization. Its corporate values as stated in the company‘s mission statement include optimism, respect and flexibility. Management Worldwide‘s business goal is to increase shareholder value by concentrating on its core training business and offering excellent service to clients.
Answers:
Listening 2: About IKEA
[Listening script]
I: Interviewer G: Goran Nilsson
I: And now to IKEA. The Swedish furniture retailer has just reported turnover of 56 billion Swedish kroner from its 150 stores worldwide. Now, IKEA puts its success down to corporate culture. So with me today to explain the secret of IKEA‘s culture is Managing Director of IKEA UK, Goran Nilsson. Good morning, Mr. Nilsson.
G: Good morning.
I: Now is every IKEA store really exactly the same?
G: Well, in terms of culture they‘re pretty well uniform. Although our culture will naturally bond with the local culture to some extent, our core values such as simplicity and cost-consciousness are valid in all cultures. So we don‘t need to adapt the way we operate to run our stores. And as for products, although we make some minor adaptations to suit local tastes, we produce exactly the same catalogue in all 28 countries.
I: And where do these values originate?
G: It all goes back to Sweden in the 50s and 60s. IKEA‘s founder, Ingvar Kamp rad, started the company at a time of democratic and social change.
I: Are IKEA‘s values those of its founder then?
G: Well, they have evolved over the last 57 years, of course, but I think our mission statement ?A better life for the majority of people‘ s till very much reflects the spirit of those early years. Having said that though, I think Ingvar's ability to relate to a co-worker in China today would be pretty limited.
I: You mentioned China. How does IKEA cope with such diversity among its employees?
G: Well, funnily enough, I‘ve been working for IKEA for 15 years in Sweden, Italy, Canada, the USA and what‘s struck me most is how much we have in common. People may interpret certain concepts such as responsibility and freedom differently but our core values such as humbleness exist in every country.
I: So, what are the advantages of such a strong corporate culture?
G: They‘re tremendous. For one, there‘s a real bond between our operations around the world. It‘s easy to transfer across borders because you know the values will be exactly the same. And from a marketing and positioning point of view it‘s very advantageous as well. But the real pay-off is that it makes IKEA unique. You can clone our products and our store concept but not our culture. It takes years to build and it has to be maintained daily.
Answers:
1 Listen and choose the best answer for each of the questions.
1. A
2. C
3. B
4. A
2 Listen again, and find the English equivalents to the following Chinese.
Tip: The teacher must consider the level of the class and then decide whether you will replay and pause for each of the sentences, allowing your students to write them
down.
1. IKEA puts its success down to corporate culture.
2. Our core values such as simplicity and cost-consciousness are valid in all cultures.
3. Where do these values originate?
4. I think our mission statement ?A better life for the majority of people‘ still very much reflects the spirit of those early years.
5. You can clone our products and our store concept but not our culture. It takes years to build and it has to be maintained daily.
3 Listen and give a summary.
For rererence:
IKEA, a Swedish furniture retailer has achieved great turnover. Its managing di rector contributes the success to its strong corporate culture. IKEA‘s corporate culture originated from its founder and it has evolved in the past five decades. Although IKEA has over 150 stores worldwide, in terms of culture, they are pretty uniform. IKEA makes some minor adaptations to suit local tastes, though, its core values such as simplicity and cost-consciousness are valid in all cultures. The advantages of IKEA‘s strong corporate culture are tremendous. Firstly, there is real bond between operatio ns all over the world. Secondly it‘s easy to transfer across borders because all stores have shared values. Most importantly, it makes IKEA unique and it is hard for its competitors to copy.
Listening 3: About IKEA (continued)
[Listening script]
Woman: So, does culture affect IKEA's recruitment process?
Man:It has a major impact. Although it's important for us to get highly-skilled people into the company, we're not interested if there's a conflict of value systems. Anyone expecting a flash car or status symbols has no future with us. Recruitment at IKEA's an extensive process, based on judgments about a candidate's value systems and attributes. We can add retail skills, no problem, but it's tough to change someone's mindset.
Woman: Does that go for career advancement too?
Man: Yes, it does.
Woman: So Swedish managers will always have more chance of promotion then? Man:We find that many Scandinavians identify more easily with our culture but there is no written or unwritten rule concerning the nationality of senior managers. It would be impossible, however, for anyone to advance within IKEA without wholly understanding and buying into the company's philosophy and culture. So managers are encouraged to visit Sweden and learn the language etc. and management inductions include at least one week in Almhult, where the company began. Woman:And finally, Ingvar Kamprad stepped down as President in the mid-80s, replaced by Anders Moberg. What effect did this have on the development of IKEA's culture?
Man: Both Moberg and our current Chief Executive, Anders Dahlvig, worked closely with Kamprad for many years and have a deep knowledge and understanding of Kamprad's original vision and philosophy. Naturally, IKEA is different today than it was 10 years ago, primarily because it is three times bigger and has entered many more diverse and challenging markets. But our values and mission to provide quality, affordable products for the majority of people remain very much in situ.
Answers:
1 Listen and try to catch the questions raised by the woman.
1.Does culture affect IKEA's recruitment process?
2.Does that go for career advancement too? (Or Does culture affect career
advancement too?)
3.So Swedish managers will always have more chance of promotion then?
4.What effect did the retirement of the founder Ingvar Kamprad have on the
development of IKEA's culture?
2 Find answers to the questions asked by the woman.
Please refer to the transcript.
3 Listen to the last part and have paragraph dictation and translation.
Naturally, IKEA is different today than it was 10 years ago, primarily because it is three times bigger and has entered many more diverse and challenging markets. But our values and mission to provide quality, affordable products for the majority of people remain very much in situ.
今天的宜家，自然而然和10年前的宜家有所不同，主要是因为它的规模扩大了三倍，而且它还进军了更加多样化、富有挑战性的市场。但是我们为大多数人提供质量上乘、价格合理产品的价值理念和目标仍然没有改变。
4 Listen and fill in the blanks.
(1) major impact
(2) highly-skilled
(3) status symbols
(4) conflict
(5) attributes
(6) identify more easily with
(7) unwritten rule
(8) nationality of senior
(9) buying into
(10) management inductions
Listening 4: Briefing on Some Companies’ Corporate Culture
[Listening script]
A. KFC and McDonald's
KFC and McDonald's have absorbed the Chinese cultural elements of showing respect, recognition, understanding and assimilation, while maintaining the substance of the Western culture of efficiency, freedom, democracy, equality and humanity. This inter-cultural management mode, with American business culture at the core, supplemented by Chinese traditional culture, provides reference for international enterprises which need to adjust, enrich and reconstruct their corporate culture to enhance local market flexibility.
B. Microsoft
Microsoft has an innovative corporate culture and a strong product development focus that is designed to keep it on the leading edge of the industry. They believe that their employees are the company's most important asset. They are the source of creative ingenuity and success so they empower each staff member to take initiative in solving problems, coming up with new ideas and improving the organization. Microsoft concentrates on hiring people fit into the company culture: people who are driven to succeed, enthusiastic about how they can contribute to the organization and unafraid of suggesting and implementing new ideas.
C. Wal-Mart
With 3,200 stores in the US and more than $200 billion in annual sales, Wal-Mart sits firmly atop the Fortune 500, because it is a relentlessly profit-driven company, Jan Mauldin, formerly director of marketing and community programs for Wal-Mart . ―Save money, Better life.‖ That is the mission statement of Wal-mart. While profit is the goal, service is the process, Mauldin said. That corporate culture drives profit by making Wal-Mart stores the retailer of choice for a large percentage of consumers, she said.
Answers:
1 Listen carefully and take notes for each of them.
KFC and McDonald's:
Microsoft:
Wal-mart:
2 Now listen again and complete the sentences.
A.
(1) absorbed
(2) recognition
absorb the Chinese cultural elements while maintaining
the substance of the Western culture innovative corporate culture
employees, its most important asset empower each staff member to take initiative in solving problems, coming up with new ideas Mission statement: Save money, Better life.
(3) substance
(4) democracy
(5) humanity
(6) at the core
(7) adjust
(8) enhance local market flexibility
B.
(9) innovative
(10) keep it on the leading edge
(11) take initiative
(12) driven
C.
(13) sits firmly atop
(14) profit-driven
(15) While profit is the goal, service is the process
Part C. Video Clip
[Listening script]
We ask employees to tell us stories about, you know, how they've been treated by their bosses and what's it like to come to work in the morning. What do you do during a typical day?
Google was named the Best Company to Work For, because the perks, the benefits, the culture they have created just blew everyone else away.
It's almost impossible to find a perk that Google doesn't offer its employees. It offers them everything from three gourmets, free meals a day to on-site gyms to free doctors to subsidized dentists. The list goes on and on and on. It's the kind of place where, yes, you're going to work but you also know you are going to have a fun time as well.
The perk that blows everybody away, Google, is the free food. It's not just free. It's not just three meals. It's also good. It's also very. On the more intangible side, what a stimulating environment Google is! Not only are they working on cutting-edge products, but they really think about how to occupy their employees' brains. If you want to work, I just couldn't imagine a more exciting place to do it right now. Answers:
2Listen again and answer the following questions.
1. They are selected applying to a list through an anonymous survey.
2. Because the perks, the benefits and the culture it has created are the best.
3. It‘s an exciting and stimulating environment where you can work with great fun. They not only work on cutting-edge products but also know how to occupy their employees‘ brains.
Part D Home Listening
[Listening script]
Under former CEO Jack Welch (now retired), the skills GE prized most were deal-making, cost-cutting and efficiency. That mindset helped give GE consistent earnings and growth over several decades.
About 3 years ago CEO Jeff Immelt, then 46, was Jack Welch's appointed successor. Now in a vastly different business environment, Jeff Immelt is turning GE's culture upside down. He worries that the obsession with bottom-line results will make managers shy about taking risks. So he's pushing a cultural revolution. He's on a mission to transform the process-oriented company into a creative machine, driving growth through innovation.
In pushing his new processes, Jeff Immelt is changing many of GE's long cherished traditions and beliefs. Outsiders are being welcomed into the highest ranks - a break with old promote-from-within policies. In sales and marketing alone, GE has hired more than 1,700 new people in the past couple of years, including hundreds of seasoned veterans. And there's a push for a more global workforce to match the areas in which GE operates.
Jeff Immelt is making the need to generate BIG ideas a priority. While Jack Welch was best known for his annual planning sessions during which he personally evaluated the performance of GE's top managers, Jeff Immelt's highest-profile new gathering is the Commercial Council. Business leaders must submit at least 3 "Imagination Breakthrough" proposals a year, reviewed by the council and Jeff Immelt himself. The projects must take GE into a new line of business, geographic area, or customer base, and generate incremental growth of at least $100M. The right ideas will get billions in new funding.
For an old company, these changes seem scary. Now the demands are for development of strengths in areas that are hard to measure - creativity, strategy, and customer service. Compensation is tied to more than just meeting bottom-line targets; now managers must have the ability to come up with ideas, show improved customer service, generate cash growth, and boost sales. They are being asked to embrace risky ventures, many of which may fail. Risking failure is a badge of honor at GE today.
Jeff Immelt wants to shape the new world, drive it, make it his own. For him, reinventing GE is the only way to make his company dominate this century, much as it led the one before.
Answers:
1 Listen and answer the following questions about GE.
1.Skills like deal-making, cost-cutting and efficiency were most valued by Jack Welch led GE.
2. Innovation is prized most by CEO Jeff Immelt.
3. Outsiders are employed for the highest ranks, that is quite different from GE‘s old promote-from-within policies. In sales and marketing alone, GE has hired more
than 1,700 new people in the past couple of years, including hundreds of seasoned veterans.
4.GE business leaders must submit at least 3 "Imagination Breakthrough" proposals a year, which are reviewed by the gathering of high ranking leaders, namely its the Commercial Council and Jeff Immelt himself. The projects must take GE into a new line of business, geographic area, or customer base, and generate incremental growth of at least $100M. The right ideas will get billions in new funding.
2 Listen again and complete the blanks.
(1) appointed successor
(2) upside down
(3) obsession with
(4) on a mission
(5) innovation
(6) Outsiders are being welcomed into the highest ranks--a break with old
promote-from-within policies
(7) his annual planning sessions during which he personally evaluated the
performance of GE's top managers
(8) scary
(9) boost
(10) embrace
Unit 2 Interview
Part A. Getting Started
Answers:
2 Complete the following sentences with the words in the box.
1. recruit
2. resign
3. redundant
4. dismiss
3 Work in pairs or groups of four. Discuss these questions.
1.
Well prepare for the interview. Get the information from the company websites, or call the employees to find out more about the company.
2.
Personal details (name, address, date of birth, nationality, photo…)
Education and training (educational history and qualifications)
Employment (different jobs you have done, start with the most recent one)
Skills (list any other skills that employers might be interested in, like computer skills or speaking another language)
Interests
Personal profile (what kind of person you are)
Reference letters
3.
Prepare to win.
Never stop learning.
Believe in yourself, even when no one else does.
Find a way to make a difference.
Part B. Listening Tasks
Listening 1: Dialogue 1
[Listening script]
Ms. Hast: Hello, Mr. James Starter. This is Willie Hast. I sent you my resume last week and you asked me to give you a call today.
Mr. Starter: Oh, yes, Ms. Hast. I have looked at your resume. Although it reflected a lack of actual work experience, your academic performance was quite impressive. We believe that your knowledge of accounting will help our operation run more efficiently. We would like you to join our staff in Brighton.
Ms. Hast: Thank you. Mr. Starter. I think it is a good opportunity for me to practice what I have learned if I became one of your staff.
Mr. Starter: Is there anything you would like to know about Brighton?
Ms. Hast: Well. Yes, I want to know something about my starting salary. Could you tell me something about it?
Mr. Starter: Okay. During the initial 3-month probation period, your starting salary will be $2,000 a month. If our cooperation should continue, you can expect 10 percent salary increase for the remaining nine months.
Ms. Hast: That will be fine. Are there insurance and pay-day holiday available?
Mr. Starter: Yes, health insurance comes with the job from the 6 months on the job. Fringe benefits also include a 14-day vacation each year and free use of the company sports and recreational facilities at Bear Mountain.
Ms. Hast: That sounds nice. Mr. Starter, when shall I begin my work with Brighton? Mr. Starter: We hope you can begin working with us before June 15. Will it be fine with you, Ms. Hast?
Ms. Hast: Sure. I think I can start two days earlier. How about on the 13th?
Mr. Starter: That‘s better. I hope we can have a good time together.
Ms. Hast: I hope so, too. Thanks a million, Mr. Starter. Bye!
Answers:
1 Listen to the conversation and answer the following questions.
1. Lack of actual work experience
2. Academic performance was impressive, with good knowledge of accounting.
3. $2,000 a month
4. Yes, she will.
5. On June 13th
2 Listen to the conversation again and fill in each blank with a word or a phrase.
(1) resume (2) a lack of actual work experience (3) impressive (4) knowledge of accounting
(5) practice what I have learned (6) starting salary
(7) initial 3-month probation period (8) 10 percent salary increase
(9) pay-day holiday (10) health insurance
(11) on (12) Fringe benefits
(13) 14-day (14) recreational facilities
(15) begin working with us
Listening 2: Dialogue 2
[Listening script]
Liu Feng: Good morning. My Name is Liu Feng.
Lin Qing: Good morning, Mr. Liu, nice to meet you. I‘m Lin Qing from Personnel Section. Just sit down please.
Liu Feng: Thank you, Ms. Lin.
Lin Qing: I see by your resume that you have just graduated from college, please tell me something about yourself.
Liu Feng: I‘ve just graduated from Peking University, and I studied Economics with the emphasis on international trade.
Lin Qing: How were your scores at university?
Liu Feng: They were excellent. I worked hard and I made fine records in almost every examination. I‘m a prize fellow. You can see it from my resume.
Lin Qing: As you know, our company is a very large international trading company, it has offices in over 10 countries. You would be using mainly English on this job. So how do you describe your English ability?
Liu Feng:I think I have a good comma nd of English and I‘m proficient in both written and spoken English. I have past CET6 and I‘ve got h igh scores in almost every exam.
Lin Qing: I can see it from your resume. How do you think the education you received will contribute to your work in this company?
Liu Feng: My specialization at the university is just in line with the areas your company deals with. I‘m sure I can apply what I have learned to the work in your company.
Lin Qing: What kind of personality do you think you have?
Liu Feng: I‘m not sure what information you‘d like to know about me, well, I approach things very enthusiastically, I think. And I don‘t like to leave something half done, it makes me nervous. I can‘t concentrate on something else until the first thing is finished. In all, I think I‘m an ambitious, self-motivated person and I always keep my promise.
Lin Qing: Well, I really appreciate that. Would you describe yourself as out-going or more reserved?
Liu Feng:Well, I‘m not really sure, maybe partly both. Sometimes I want to be by myself, but most of the time I prefer being with a group of people. I was very active in my university club.
Lin Qing: Are you more of a follower or a leader?
Liu Feng: I don‘t try to get in front of people and lead them particularly. I‘d rather cooperate with everybody else and get the job done by working together.
Answers:
1Listen and judge whether the following statements are true or false.
1. F
2. F
3. F
4. T
5. F
2 Listen to the conversation and answer the following questions.
1. He worked hard and he made fine records in almost every examination. He was a prize fellow.
2. He has a good command of English and he is proficient in both written and spoken English. He has past CET6 and he has got high scores in almost every exam.
3. He studied Economics with the emphasis on international trade. His specialization at the university is just in line with the area that company deals with. He believes he can apply what he learned to the work in that company
4. He approaches things very enthusiastically, and he doesn‘t like to leave something half done, it makes him nervous. He can‘t concentrate on something else until the first thing is finished. In all, he thinks he is an ambitious, self-motivated person and
he always keeps his promise.
5. He doesn‘t try to get in front of people and lead them particularly. He‘d rather cooperate with anybody else and get the job done by working together.
Listening 3: Passage---Making a Good Impression
[Listening script]
My interview is today. It is with a marketing company. It is a large corporation with its headquarters in San Francisco, CA. It also has satellite offices across the U.S. and in Europe. I‘m not sure if this would be the right fit for me, but I‘m keeping an open mind.
I got some sound advice from my aunt. She said that I should be confident but not cocky. That means I have to look for opportunities to talk about my qualifications, but don‘t make mistake of boasting or worse, making things up. I do that some times when I get really nervous. My brain stops working and my mouth takes over.
I need to be respectful but not meek. I want to be professional with everyone, my co-workers and my bosses. But, I don‘t want them to think that I would let my co-workers walk all over me.
I should show them that I‘m a team-player. Nobody likes a person who tries to grab the limelight all of the time, especially if they‘re new, like me.
Okay, I think I‘m ready. I have my resume, my transcript, and the address of the office wher e I‘m going for the interview. Now, all I need are my shoes.
Answers:
1 Listen to the passage and judge whether the following statements are true or false.
1-5 T F T T F
2 Listen to the passage again and fill in each blank with a word or a phrase. (1) confident (2) cocky (3) boasting (4) making things up (5) takes over (6) respectful (7) meek (8) professional
(9) walk all over me (10) team-player
(11) tries to grab the limelight all of the time
Part C. Video Clip
[listening script]
Chris: Chris Gardner. How are you? Good morning.
Chris Gardner. Chris Gardner. Good to see you again.
Chris Gardner. Pleasure.
I‘ve been sitting there for the last half an hour trying to come up with a story that explains my being here dress like this.
And I wanted to come up with a story that would demonstrate qualities, I‘m sure you all admire here, like earnestness or diligence, team-playing, something, and I couldn‘t think of anything. So the truth is I was arrested for failure to pay parking tickets. Interviewer 1: Parking tickets?
Chris: And I ran all the way here from the Pork Station, the Police Station. Interviewer 2: What were you doing before you were arrested?
Chris: I was painting my apartment.
Interviewer 2: Is it dry now?
Chris: I hope so.
Interviewer 2: Jay says you were pretty determined.
Interviewer 1: He‘s been waiting outside the front of the building with some 40 pounds gizmo for over a month.
Interviewer 2: He said you are smart.
Chris: Well. I like to think so.
Interviewer 2: And you want to learn this business?
Chris: Yes sir, I want to learn this business.
Interviewer 2: Have you already started learning on your own?
Chris: Absolutely.
Interviewer 2: Jay?
Interviewer 1: Yes Sir.
Interviewer 2: How many times have you seen Chris?
Interviewer 1: I don‘t know. One too many, apparently.
Interviewer 2: Has he ever dressed like this?
Interviewer 1: No. No. Jacket and tie.
Interviewer 2: First in your class in school? High school?
Chris: Yes, Sir.
Interviewer 2: How many in the class?
Chris: Twelve. It was a small town.
Interviewer 2: I‘ll say.
Chris: But I was also first in my radar class in the Navy, and that was a class of twenty.
Can I say something?
I‘m the type of person. If you ask me a question, and I don‘t know the answer, I‘ll tell you I don‘t know, but I‘ll bet you what, I know how to find the answer and I will find the answer. Is that fair enough?
Interviewer 2: Chris. What will you say if a guy walked into for an interview without a shirt on, and I hired him, what would you say?
Chris: He must‘ve had on some really nice pants.
Answers:
3 Answer the following questions by watching the video clip again.
1. He wore a jacket and jeans in the interview.
2. He was in the Polk station, a police station.
3. He failed to pay the parking tickets.
4. He was painting his apartment.
5. He won the interview.
6. Not really. There is no salary in the job.
Part D. Home Listening---Getting an Interview
[Listening script]
I‘ve finally landed my first interview. Well, actually, that‘s not really true. I have been on many interviews for part-time jobs. This was my first interview for a full-time job.
In less than two months, I will graduate from Arizona University. After a lot of back and forth trying to decide on a major, I finally decided to double major. I would study both political science and marketing.
These are not majors that usually go together. In fact, most people thought I was crazy. But, after a lot of soul searching, I decided to combine my two main interests: 1. politics and 2. getting a job! Those are my two priorities. I thought that if I get degrees in these two fields, I could cast a wide net when going job hunting. And, that‘s why I‘m trying to do now.
Since I don‘t know if I want to work in the public or private sector, I‘ve applied for jobs in both. In the public sector, I could work for the government. Maybe one day, I could even be a speech writer for the President! Okay, maybe I should shoot a little lower. In the private sector, I could work for private organizations such as museums, schools, or programs. Some of those are non-profit.
Or, I could work for a company. Everybody tells me tha t that‘s where the money is. I haven‘t decided yet. I‘m planning to apply for a lot of jobs and will see what happens. What I want now is just to get some job offers. Then, I can start being picky. Answers:
Listen to the passage and answer the following questions
1. I have been on many interviews for part-time jobs. This was my first interview for a full-time job.
2. I‘m studying in Arizona University, and I‘m majoring in both political science and marketing.
3. After a lot of soul searching, I decided to combine my two main interests: politics and getting a job! Those are my two priorities. I thought that if I get degrees in these two fields, I could cast a wide net when going job hunting.
4. In the public sector, I could work for the government. Maybe one day, I could even be a speech writer for the President.
5. In the private sector, I could work for private organizations such as museums, schools, or programs. Some of those are non-profit. Or, I could work for a company.
Unit 3 Job and Career
Part A. Getting Started
Answers:
2 Match each job title (1-7) to the following statements (a-g).
1-b 2-c 3-a 4-e 5-g 6-f 7-d
Part B. Listening Tasks
Listening 1: Why They Like Their Jobs
[Listening script]
1. Jane Milton
I love being able to work out what a client needs and, and do it. And I love, you know, having an idea for a new food product for them and then seeing it, you know, in a supermarket, or, um, writing something and then having loads of emails from people because they‘ve used that recipe so much and they can‘t believe how easy it was, or a whole lot of different things.
2. Lewis Bronze
I enjoy, now, the company is five, six, seven years old, I enjoy seeing the vision being executed. I enjoy se eing how the company has grown, we‘ve attracted some excellent people to work here. I think we have a very strong culture in the company which supports the excellence of what we‘re trying to do across a whole range of disciplines.
3. Amanda Hamilton
I absolutely thrive on the freedom, just being able to make, you know, my own choices. It is, as you said, a lifestyle choice, although you probably end up working slightly more hours than you did working for a corporation. I used to work for the BBC prior to that, so it was a very structured environment, but you sort of somehow don‘t mind those longer hours because it‘s fulfilling. It‘s your own project, your own baby and there is also a sense of pride, I think, when you can make your own decisions.
4. Maxine Macpherson
As the UK representative, I‘m in contact with the agents who organize the conference incentive events overseas, so th at‘s what I like most about the job, meeting people and selling the services that we provide abroad and trying to explain what we do. Answers:
1 Choose the reasons from a-f for the four persons why they like their jobs after listening to the talk.
1.b, f, c, a
2 Listen to the talk again and fill in each blank with a phrase or a sentence.
Jane Milton
(1) what a client needs
(2) a new food product
(3) having loads of emails
(4) used that recipe
(5) how easy it was
Lewis Bronze
(6) the vision being executed
(7) how the company has grown
(8) a very strong culture
(9) across a whole range of disciplines
Amanda Hamilton
(10) thrive on the freedom
(11) a lifestyle choice
(12) you did working for a corporation
(13) structured environment
(14) it‘s fulfilling
(15) a sense of pride
Maxine Macpherson
(16) the conference incentive events
(17) selling the services
Listening 2: How They View Their Jobs
[Listening script]
Presenter: In today‘s edition of The Lowdown, we talk about work and how it‘s changing. To start with, we invited five people from around the world to our studios to talk about their present jobs and their future ambitions. Here are some of the things they said.
Lechsinska: Well, my name is Lechsinska, and I‘m an industrial electricia n working in a large food-processing plant in Gdansk in Poland. Basically, I like my job, apart from the smell, but you can‘t have everything. I get on pretty well with my colleagues and I think they‘re pretty good to have placed their confidence in me, be ing a woman doing what‘s traditionally a man‘s job. On the other hand, I‘m hardly getting what‘s the going rate for my job in this part of the world, and unless I get a more competitive wage, I think I‘ll soon be moving on, because I think, with my skills, I could make a better living being self-employed. I mean, I can‘t see myself working for them forever, even though I like the social side of things there.
Ganesh: I‘m Ganesh and I work for the Indian subsidiary of a Swiss multinational as a pay clerk. Er, the job doesn‘t sound too exciting and it isn‘t. I‘ve been in it for a few years now, and while computerization has meant big changes in the way we work, I feel I‘m stuck in a rut and stagnating. It‘s a sort of feeling of ―once a pay clerk, always a pay clerk‖. I‘m in my early thirties and with not too many commitments-I mean, I can easily make ends meet so-I‘m thinking of doing one of those distance-learning courses where I can convert to being a proper acc ountant rather than what I‘m doing
now.
Francesca: My name‘s Francesca Morelli. My parents are Italian, though I was born and brought up in south London. Recently I‘ve moved to Prague, where I work as a loss adjuster for a big insurance company. I‘m on the go all the time and don‘t get much chance to wind down, not even at weekends, because they give me a mobile phone and I‘m expected to be on call. Working hours are reasonable, in fact, but the job is pretty high pressure, and I sometimes worry that in the long run, it will affect my health. Well, basically I enjoy it, but I think I probably need a break from it for a year or so to take stock-just temporarily, I mean.
Darron: My name is Darron Corral, and I do temping for an agency just filling in for people off sick, or on maternity leave, or when the re‘s a rush on. The place I‘m working at the moment is pretty dire, actually, I mean, no one seems to speak to anyone, and when they do, it‘s only to complain, but, in general, I like temping because it suits my lifestyle. I can work when I want to work and I can concentrate on my career when I‘m not. Er, in case you don‘t recognize me, I‘m an aspiring actor waiting for my big break, and this job makes ends meet between the bit -parts I‘m getting offered at the moment. My dream is to get taken on by the Royal Shakespeare Company and work for them till I retire in 40 years‘ time, cause this temping will become a bit of a strain if I carry it on for too long.
Irenke: So, I‘m Irenke, and I‘m from Hungary. At present, I‘m working as a trainee stockbroker with a big firm in Budapest. We don‘t stop and there‘s lots of excitement because I‘m buying and selling millions of e uro‘s worth of shares every day. I think my boss supervises my work too much, which annoys me. I know he‘s worried I‘ll make a mistake, but I ha ven‘t so far. Still, I suppose it‘s his responsibility if I do. The money‘s good because we get a cut of the profits, and when I‘ve made enough, I‘ll probably launch my own firm, but perhaps not a stockbroker‘s.
Answers:
1Listen and write down the five person’s present jobs.
1. Lechsinska: an industrial electrician
2. Ganesh: a pay clerk
3.Francesca: a loss adjuster for a big insurance company
4. Darron: do temping for an agency
5. Irenke: a trainee stockbroker with a big firm in Budapest
2Listen and write down the five person’s hopes for the future.
1. With my skills, I could make a better living being self-employed.
2. I‘m thinking of doing one of those distance-learning courses where I can convert to being a proper accountant rather than what I‘m doing now.
3. I probably need a break from it for a year or so to take stock-just temporarily.
4. My dream is to get taken on by the Royal Shakespeare Company and work for them till I retire in 40 years‘ time, cause this temping will become a bit of a strain if
I carry it on for too long.
5. When I‘ve made enough money, I‘ll probably launch my own firm, but perhaps not
a stockbroker‘s.
3 Listen and fill in the following sentences.
(1) but you can‘t have everything
(2) being a woman doing what‘s traditionally a man‘s job
(3) I‘m stuck in a rut and stagnating
(4) once a pay clerk, always a pay clerk
(5) don‘t get much chance to wind down
(6) makes ends meet between the bit -parts
(7) I‘m buying and selling millions of euro‘s worth of shares
Part C. Video Clip
[Listening script]
Anchor
The growing demand for quality pre-school and daycare is creating new business opportunities. Enter Primrose, a pre-school franchise, which expects to double the number of centers in the next five years.
Reporter
It‘s 7 am at the Primrose school in Suwanee, Georgia. Busy parents bustle in to drop off their children. Sabrina, the director, greets her print-sized customers at the door. Inside, kids settle in and get ready for their own busy day. Here the business of marching, eating, singing, painting and guessing the animals is pre-planned and structured. Primrose is a pre-school slash childcare franchise serving children from 6 weeks to 5 years old. There‘s an after-school program for kids in grade school and a summer camps as well. Every detail of running the school, from the building, to the staffing, to the songs and games is written into business operating system, a model similar to Jiffy Lube or McDonald‘s.
Jo Kirchner, CEO, Primrose School Franchising Co.
We are cautious about using McDonald‘s as a reference, because we are talking about children, not hamburgers and pickles and onions. But yes, it‘s a proven business-operating model, with a system in place, a curriculum in place, marketing in place. Every a spect of the business is packaged for the franchisee. It‘s like a recipe. Reporter
Primrose, an 85-million-dollar company, has opened 100 schools so far, each exactly like the other. Franchisees buy the business and real estate with about 200,000 dollars down, a total investment of 2 million dollars. They are primarily business people, who manage the school according to a detailed curriculum and business plan. Each franchisee hires an educator to run the program, but lesson plans, craft ideas, and menus are all available online.
Don Nelson, Franchisee, Primrose school
I feel more comfortable with that than anything else, because questions may come up, that if you need an answer, you can go and research it in there, and help find any
answer to help you operate the schools.
Reporter
Don Nelson has a background in corporate retail. Since 1995, he and his wife Helen have acquired 3 schools, and are about to open a fourth.
Jo Kirchner
Sixty percent of our franchisees own two or more schools. But in order to be successful, they have to follow the system as in any franchise. The franchisee can expect on that typical operating model to have approximately a 10% return. But we have many schools that will do more than that, even in the range of 15%. We are not the richest people in the world, but on the other hand, we make a comfortable living. Reporter
The Primrose curriculum was developed by founders Paul and Maxim Erwin after 20 years of trying and error. They arrived at what they call a balanced approach, a highly structured mix of learning and play.
Jo Kirchner
Children strive in structure. They love structure. They like to know what‘s gonna happen next. And they like repetition. Children‘s self-esteem flourishes when they repeat and repeat and repeat something (and they get better and better and better at it). Answers:
1 Watch the video clip and judge whether the following statements are true or false.
1-5 F F T F F
2 Watch the video clip again and answer the following questions
1. Because we are talking about children, not hamburgers and pickles and onions.
2. Because questions may come up, if you need an answer, you can go and research it in there, and help find any answer to help you operate the schools.
3. A balanced approach, a highly structured mix of learning and play
3 Fill in the blanks after watching the video clip
1. Here the business of marching, eating, singing, painting and guessing the animals is pre-planned and structured.
2. Every detail of running the school, from the building, to the staffing, to the songs and games is written into business operating system, a model similar to Jiffy Lube or McDonald‘s.
3. But yes, it‘s a proven business-operating model, with a system in place, a curriculum in place, marketing in place.
4. Every aspect of the business is packaged for the franchisee. It‘s like a recipe.
5. Each franchisee hires an educator to run the program, but lesson plans, craft ideas, and menus are all available online.
6. Children strive in structure. They love structure. And they like repetition.
Part D. Home Listening: What I Like About My Job
[Listening script]
A: What do you most like about your job?
B: I suppose the most enjoyable for me is training because it‘s what I started out doing, so it‘s, er, the bit that I enjoy most. Em, there‘s not many things that I dislike, to be honest. I suppose, um, the most challenging part of it is when you‘re talking i n the area of discipline or, um, sometimes the firing part…Um…That‘s…one of our major considerations is getting the right people in the right job to start with. If you, if you employ the right people, you don‘t have a problem managing them once they‘re in the…the workplace. Um, our cashiers, obviously customer service is our…our major selling point when it comes to our company. Um, if you employ a cashier who is naturally friendly, naturally smiles, naturally polite, it‘s not a problem. If you try and teach them to be polite and to smile, it doesn‘t necessarily work…
A: And how did you get into this line of work?
B: Um, I originally worked, er, trained as a nurse, um, when my daughter was born, needed a part –time job and, um , took a part-time job with Tesco. I used to work nine hours a week on the checkouts, er, covering lunch relief. And then they offer me an evening checkout supervisor‘s job which I took, and then…I took a full-time job, went into training about 15 years ago. I‘ve worked with them for 22 (years), so, yeah, about 15 years ago I went into…as…into a job as a training manager, which is a kind of natural progression into personnel. So I did the training job for about four to five years, and then took my first role about ten to eleven years ago.
A: And where do you think you might be work wise in ten years? Where would you like to be?
B: Where would I like to be? I actually would like to still be working in personnel. Um, the career progression within my firm does tend to try and take senior team through to store management, but it‘s actually something that I‘m not particularly interested to do. Um, I prefer the people side of the business and I would like to either be still in a personnel role in store or in a regional role as personnel.
A: Now, if someone came to you and said, ―I‘ve…I‘ve got a job interview, what should I try and make sure I do?‖…can you give three tips for good interview techniques?
B: Um, I suppose the first thing is to keep in mind that the first impression sticks, um, and I‘m not looking for people to turn up to interview with me with…in a three-piece suit looking as if they‘ve just stepped out of a fashion plate, but…tidy but comfortable, um, and that first step towards the pe rson who‘s going to interview makes a huge difference if you‘re quite prepared to smile and be open and shake a hand, and sometimes for young people that can be really difficult because they‘re not used to a formal greeting… And to be totally natural and n ot try to put yourself forward as something that you‘re not. Because it‘s too obvious in an interview situation when you‘re, when you‘re trying to pull the wool over someone‘s eyes…Um, talk about the things that you like, talk about the things that you‘re good at, because you do that naturally, if there is something that you‘re really interested in, even if it‘s going
不定式作定语的用法 不定式及其短语作定语，与其他短语作定语一样，一般都放在被修饰的词之后，通常表示一个将来的动作，有时也可以表示某一过去的特定动作。 一些名词后常用不定式作定语，如：chance(机会），way(方法），time(时间）等；另外，the first,the second,the last,the only等作名词或者它们作形容词用来修饰代词，它们或它们所修饰的代词后，也常用不定式作定语。 不定式作定语时，不定式与被修饰词之间存在的关系复杂，有的是主谓关系；有的是动宾关系；有的是动状关系，还有的不存在主谓、动宾、动状关系。 1、主谓关系的 （1）We must find a person to do the work. (2) There is no one to take care of her. (3) In my family, my mother is always the first one to get up. (4) He is always the first to come and the last to leave. (5) We need someone to go and get a doctor. 2、动宾关系的 如果不定式与被修饰的词在逻辑上存在动宾关系，不定式里的动词必须是及物动词。注意：是及物动词的，后面不要再加宾语，因为前面的被修饰词是它的宾语；是不及物动词的，要加上适当的介词或副词让它变成及物动词，只有这样，它才能带上前面的宾语。 （1） He has a lot of books to read. (2) I would like a magazine to look at. (3) Here is some advice for you to follow. (4) Do you have anything else to say? (5) There is no one to take care of. (6) She has nothing to worry about.
分词作定语 一．分词的位置 1. 分词前置 We can see the rising sun. 我们可以看到东升的旭日 He is a retired worker.他是位退休的工人 2. 分词后置(i.分词词组；ii. 个别分词如given, left；iii. 修饰不定代词something等) There was a girl sitting there.有个女孩坐在那里 This is the question given.这是所给的问题 There is nothing interesting.没有有趣的东西 二．分词的类别 1.过去分词，即动词的-ed形式 2.现在分词，即动词的-ing形式 两者的区别： 1. 现在分词表示正在进行的动作，而过去分词表示已完成的动作。 eg：falling leaves fallen leaves developing country developed country 2. 现在分词有主动的含义，过去分词有被动的含义。 eg：I heard someone opening the door. I heard the door opened. 3.现在分词表示它所修饰的名词的性质和特征，过去分词表示它所修饰的名词的状态。 eg：an exciting news an excited boy bored students boring lecture 练习： 1) The first textbook ___ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century. A. have written B. to be written C. being written D. written 2）What's the language ____ in Germany? A. speaking B. spoken C. be spoken D. to speak 3）I could say nothing, and___ tears come out to my eyes. A. surprising B. surprised C. exciting D. excited 4)We were ___ to have seen the ____ leader. A. inspired; inspiring B. inspiring; inspiring C. inspired; inspired D. inspiring; inspired 5)Don’t worry, it’s safe to skating on the ___ lake. A. freezing B. frozen C. freeze D. having frozen 答案：DBDAB
过去分词作定语用法 （Past Participles Used as Attributes） 过去分词作定语，在语态上，表被动；在时间上，表示动作已经发生或完成，与它所修饰的名词有逻辑（意义）上的动宾关系。过去分词作定语时，所修饰的名词在逻辑上相当于被动句中的主语，过去分词相当于谓语。 过去分词作定语表示动作在谓语动作之前发生，已经完成并具有被动意义。有时也不表示时间性。作定语的过去分词一般由及物动词变来，因为只有及物动词才有被动意义。例如：He is a teacher loved by his students. 他是个很受学生爱戴的老师。 也有用不及物动词的过去分词作定语的情况，一般作前置定语，它不表示被动意义，只表示主动意义，强调动作完成。不能像及物动词的过去分词那样放在名词后面作定语。例如：fallen leaves 落叶 retired workers 退休工人 the risen sun 升起的太阳 注意下面过去分词作定语的几种情况： 1. 单个的过去分词作定语一般放在被修饰的名词之前。例如： We needed much more qualified workers. 我们需要更多的合格的工人。 My friend is a returned student. 我的朋友是个归国的留学生。 单个分词也可以作后置定语，用以强调动作。例如： They decided to change the material used. 他们决定更换使用的材料。 2. 过去分词短语作定语要放在被修饰的名词后面，作后置定语，其作用相当于一个定语从句。例如： The student dressed in white is my daughter. =The student who is dressed in white is my daughter.)穿白色衣服的学生是我的女儿。 3. 如果被修饰的词是由every/some/any/no + thing/body/one所构成的复合代词或指示代词those等时，即使一个单一的分词作形容词用，也要放在被修饰词的后面。例如： Is there anything unsolved? 还有没解决的问题吗？ There is noting changed here since I left this town.自从我离开这个城镇以来，几乎没有什么变化。 4. 单个过去分词前加一名词或副词，常用连字符将它们连接起来构成一个复合形容词，放在其修饰的名词前，作前置定语。分词前加的名词表示分词的动作或行为主体，所加的副词表示方式、时间、程度、性质等意义。例如： This is a state-owned factory. 这是一家国营工厂。 This is our school-run factory. 这是我们的校办工厂。 5. 作前置定语的某些动词的过去分词的形式与作谓语或表语的过去分词的形式往往不一样。例如： 原形用作定语的过去分词用作表语或谓语的过去分词 drink drunken drunk
分词作定语 分词作定语时有下面几个特点： 1) 现在分词表示主动意义，过去分词一般表示被动含意。 2) 现在分词表示正在进行，过去分词表示状态或做完(完成)的事。 He rushed into the burning house ．他冲进了正在燃烧着的房子。 The child standing over there is my brother ．站在那儿的男孩子是我弟弟。 The room facing south is our classroom ．朝南的房间是我们的教室。 Have you got your watch repaired? 你拿到那个修好的表了吗? 分词作定语时的时间关系 一般来说，不定式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之后；现在分词所表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作 同时发生；过去分词表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。例如： Do you want to see the doctor to be sent for from Beijing? 你要见那位将从北京请来的医生吗？ Do you want to see the doctor working on the case report in the office? 你要见那位正在办公室里写病历的医生吗？ 共同点：单个分词做定语放在所修饰名词前(a swimming pool) ；分词短语（就是不仅仅由一个分词构成的用来修饰名词的短语the book written by Luxun ）做后置定语，即放名词后。 用过去分词还是现在分词做定语的判断关键：名词与该动作的关系 1.现在分词(Ving) 做定语： 从功能上看，现在分词做定语表示1）主动（及物）；2）进行（不及物）。 做定语：相当于一个定语从句(主动) Do you know the boy standing at the door? Do you know the boy who is standing at the door? A developing country needs aids. A country that/which is developing needs aids.
分词作定语练习题 一Fill the form with V-ed 1. The ___________(steal) car was found by the police last week. 1. The book ___________________ (一本农民写的书) is very popular. 2. The ceremony(典礼)____________________（正在大厅举行的）is in memory of the hero. 3.The problem _________________________(在昨天会议上提出的) was very difficult to solve. 4. The window _________________________(被那个男孩打破的) is being repaired 5. The people _________________(暴露在阳光下的) got sunburnt. 6. The students _______________________(受到老师鼓舞的)worked harder than ever before. 7. The scientists _______________(在这儿工作的) are well paid. 二单项选择 1. Mary is a new nurse and her job is to take care of the soldiers. A. wound B. wounded C. wounding D. being
wounded 2. The meeting next Thursday mainly aims to deal with the problems linked to teenagers’mental health. A. to be held B. held C. being held D. having been held 3. Don’t use words, expressions, or phrases _____ only to people with specific knowledge. A. being known B. having been known C. to be known D. known 4 Linda worked for the Minnesota Manufacturing Mining Company_____ as 3M. A. knowing. B. known. C. being known. D. to be known 5 The _____ dishes lay on the floor. A breaking. B. broken. C. broke. D. break 6 the ship______ by a huge piece of iceberg sank 沉没with its passengers. A. hitting. B. hit. C. hitted. D. to hit. 7 Tell Mary that there’s someone ____ for her at the door. A. waiting. B. waits. C. waited. D. to wait.
1. Is this the book recomme nded by the teacher? ......................... 2. Most of the people invited to the conferencewere my old friends. 3. The glass broken by my son has been swept aw.ay 4. Hangzhou, known to the nation for its West Lake, has changed greatl.y 以 (Hangzhou, which is known to the nation for its West Lake, has changed greatly.) 5. This will be the best novel of its kind that have ever been written. 6. The book, which was written in 1957, tells the struggle of the miners. 7. All the broken windows (=All the windows that were broken) have been repaired. 所有打破的窗子都已被修好。 8. In autumn there are many fallen leaves (=many leaves that have fallen) on the ground. 秋天地上有许多落叶。 9. The Town Hall completed in the 1800 's was the most distinguished building at that time. 10. “Things lost never come again! ” I couldn 't help talking to myself. 11. Five people won the “ ChinaSGreen Figure ” ? award (色 .............. 奖” ), a title given to ordinary people for their contributions to environmental protection. 12. There have been several new events added to the program for the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games. 13. The repairs cost a lot, but it 's money well spent. 14. The speaker answered all the questions raised by the audience. 15. Make sentencesusing the words given.Do you know the boy lying under the big tree? 16. The woman selling vegetables has gone
过去分词的用法 一、构成：规则动词的过去分词是有动词原形+ed构成的，不规则动词则有各自构成。 二、基本特点：过去分词在句子中的基本用法有两点：1.与逻辑主语之间是被动关系 2.表示完成的动作 三、过去分词的用法： 1.作表语：过去分词作表语时，一般同时具备被动与完成的含义 例如：（1）The cup is broken.（2）He is retired. （3）After running,he is tired. 【注意】过去分词作表语时，已经变成形容词性质，主要表示主语的状态（被动完成）,而被动语态则表示动作. 例如：(1) The cup was broken by my little sister yesterday. 茶杯是昨天我小妹打碎的.(是被动语态,表示动作) （2）The cup is now broken. 茶杯碎了.(过去分词作表语,表示状态) 【注意】有些动词如 interest, bore, worry, surprise, frighten 等通常用其过去分词形式来修饰人,表示“感到……” 用 -ing 形式来修饰物，表示“令人……” 例如：The book is interesting and I'm interested in it. 这本书很有趣,我对它很感兴趣. 2.做定语 作定语用的过去分词其逻辑主语就是它所修饰的名词.及物动词的过去分词作定语,既表被动又表完成;不及物动词的过去分词作定语,只表完成.
1）单一过去分词作定语,常置于其所修饰的名词之前，称作前置定语。 例如：We must adapt our thinking to the changed conditions. 我们必须使我们的思想适应改变了的情况. 2）过去分词短语用作定语时,一般置于其所修饰的名词之后,相当于一个定语从句,称作后置定语。 例如：The concert given by their friends was a success.他们朋友举行的音乐会大为成功. 3）过去分词短语有时也可用作非限制性定语,前后常有逗号. 例如：The meeting, attended by over five thousand people, welcomed the great hero. 4）用来修饰人的过去分词有时可以修饰与人有关的表情，面貌，举止行为以及感觉等，这时不能用v-ing形式 例如：The boy looked up with a pleased expression. His satisfied look showed that he had passed this exam. 3.作状语 作状语的过去分词在句子中多表示被动和完成两重含义。 1）时间状语：A.当和谓语动词动作同时发生时，一般仅表示被动,可以用when从句代替。 例如：Faced with difficulties,we shouldn’t withdraw for any excuse. B.当表示动作发生在谓语动词之前时，通常既表被动又表完成，可用after从句代替，也可用现在分词的被动完成形式代替。 例如：Caught by the police,the thief lay on the ground,crying and shouting.
GRAMMAR FOCUS: Participles as attributives分词做定语 分词（-ing 或动词的过去分词）作定语，当分词单独做定语时，放在所修饰的名词前；如果是分词短语做定语放在名词后。在语法功能上相当于形容词。 也可以被看作定语从句的省略。 The evidence selected (which is selected) by the detective is not enough to prove him guilty. This made the car following it (which follows it) brake hard and pull up. 1.过去分词做定语，与被修饰名词有主谓关系，表示被动或者完成的意义 They went to an organized trip during the summer holiday. Looking at the broken pieces of her favorite crockery, she let out a cry. She is a dedicated mother who worked very hard to support her family. 2.现在分词做定语，表示主动或者进行的意义。 He noticed a huge packing case lying on the floor. Flashing pictures on the screen can hurt people’s eyes. Developing countries like China should try to set up some policies to regulate environment protection. 3. Exercise: Fill in the blank with proper form of the word. forms of psychological counseling should be available to the______ (frighten)children after they’ve experienced the earthquake. from an interesting-looking ________ (carve) dagger, the box was full of crockery, much of it broken. 3. There is always hope that in this labyrinth of musty, dark, _______(disorder) rooms a real rarity will be found amongst the piles of ______(assort) junk that litter the floors. 4. The______ (shake) voice must have given her away, since she used to behave so calm when emergency happened. 5. A truly _______(dedicate) bargain hunter must have patience, and above all, the ability to recognize the worth of something when he sees it. 6. When I entered the room, there was a ______ (fascinate) painting ______ (hang) on the wall. 7. The more expensive kind of antique shop is usually a_______ (forbid) place.
英语计划总结之现在分词和过去分词作定语的意义和 用法 英语中的现在分词即动词？鄄ing形式和过去分词都可以作定语用,但它们作定语时的含义和用法各有不同.总的说来,现在分词和过去分词作定语时的特点是： 1）现在分词表示主动意义,过去分词表示被动意义. 2）现在分词表示动作正在进行,过去分词表示状态或动作已经完成,或表示被动的动作. 下面就对它们的用法和含义作一具体说明. 一、单个分词作定语修饰名词时,通常常放在被修饰的名词前面,说明被修饰名词的性质或特征.表示“……的”或“用作……的”. 1. 现在分词作定语 A. 现在分词表示主动意义.如： a moving film 一场感人的电影； the surprising news 令人惊讶的消息 B. 现在分词表示动作正在进行.如： a developing country 一个发展中国家； a sleeping boy 一个正在睡觉的男孩； boiling water 沸水 2. 过去分词作定语 A. 过去分词表示被动意义.如： boiled water 开水（烧开过
的水）； a broken cup 一个破杯子（被打破的杯子）； an honored teacher 一个被人尊敬的老师 B. 表示动作已经发生或者完成.如： an injured boy一个受伤的男孩（已经受伤）； a retired worker 一个退休工人（已经退休）； a developed country一个发达国家（已经完成发展的过程）； some fallen leaves 一些落叶（已经落下的叶子） 二、分词短语常作后置定语,放在被修饰的名词后面,相当于一个定语从句. 1. 现在分词常带有“正在……”的含义.例如： The boy standing near the window is my brother. （相当于The boy who is standing near the window is my brother.）正站在窗户旁边的那个男孩是我的兄弟. 2. 过去分词表常表示被动含义.例如： The novel written by Lu Xun is my favourite. （相当于The novel which was written by Lu Xun is my favourite.）这本鲁迅写的小说是我最喜欢的.
过去分词专题练习 Ⅰ.分析下列划线部分的用法（过去分词做定语，表语以及被动） 1. The excited children are opening their Christmas pres ents. 2. This supermarket is now closed. 3. The blackboard was broken by Tom. 4. She had a worried look on her face because she fai led the exam. 5. He looked interested in the idea I put forward. 6. The machine produced last year(= which were produced last year) are very expensive. Ⅱ. Fill the form with proper form.适当形式填空 1. The animal and plants that they found there were __ _________ (astonish) 2. I was___________(astonish) to learn that his long los t child had been found.
3. The ___________ news made us ___________.(disappoint) 4. The ___________ mother went to visit Einstein. (puzzle) 5. Madame Curie found husband’s death ___________ .(shoc k) 6. I saw the boy very ___________ (excite) 7. _________(encourage), the girl was determined to study harder and make greater progress. 8. Be brave. You look like a___________ bird (frighten)（惊弓之鸟） 9. The fierce lion looks __________(frighten). Keep away from its cage or it will attack you. 10. The look on her face was very ___________ (confuse) . Ⅲ. Fill the form with V-ed 1. The book ___________________ (一本农民写的书) is very popular. 2. The building _____________(去年建的楼
关于过去分词作宾补的用法 过去分词在句子中可作表语、定语、状语、补语（主补、宾补）等。下面就过去分词作宾补的用法作一总结。 一、能够接过去分词作宾补的动词有以下三类： 1. 表示感觉或心理状态的动词。如：see, watch, observe, look at, hear, listen to, feel, notice, think等。(1) I heard the song sung in English. 我听到有人用英语唱过这首歌。(2)He found his hometown greatly changed. 他发现他的家乡变化很大。 2. 表示“致使”意义的动词。如：have, make, get, keep, leave等。(3)I”ll have my hair cut tomorrow.明天我要理发。(4)He got his tooth pulled out yesterday. 他昨天把牙拔了。(5)Don”t leave those things undone.要把那些事情做完。 3. 表示“希望”、“要求”意义的动词。如：like, order, want, wish等。(6)I would like this matter settled at once. 我希望此事立刻得到解决。(7)I wish my homework finished before five o”clock. 我希望5点前完成我的作业。 二、过去分词作宾补表示的意义。
1. 过去分词作宾补表示被动关系，其动作先于谓语动作。如例句(1)，过去分词sung的动作显然先于谓语动作heard；例句(2)，过去分词changed的动作显然先于谓语动作found。 2. 过去分词作宾补时，过去分词所表示的动作一定和宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系。如例句(4)，动宾关系是pull out his tooth；例句(6)，动宾关系是settle this matter。 三、过去分词作宾补时，要注意几种情况。 1. 使役动词have接过去分词作宾补有两种情况。 第一，过去分词所表示的动作由他人完成。如：He had his money stolen.他的钱给偷了。（被别人偷去了） 第二，过去分词所表示的动作由句中的主语所经历。如：He had his leg broken.他的腿断了。（自己的经历） 2. 过去分词在原句中作宾补时，如果原句变为被动语态，那么过去分词就在新句中作主补了。如：The big fire is reported controlled.据报道这场大火已经得到控制。The meeting room was found thouroughly cleaned and everything arranged in good order.人们发现会议室被彻底 打扫了，一切都布置得井井有条。
动词的不定式,\分词\.动名词的区别及其用法、搭配。 答：非谓语动词包括动词不定式。动名词和分词三种形式,分词又包括现在分词和过去分词。这三种形式都是由动词变来的,但在句子中都不能作谓语,故这三种形式被称为非谓语动词。下面就这三种形式在用法上的区别浅析如下: 一、动词不定式和动名词在句子中均可作主语和表语 在表示一个具体的。个别的或将来的动作时,要用动词不定式。如: My job is to teach the first-year students grammar. To study English well is very important. 在表示比较抽象的一般的行为和动作时,二者可以互换。如: To climb mountains is a good form of exercise. Climbing mountains is a good form of exercise. 二、动名词、现在分词和动词不定式都可以作定语 1.动名词作定语时,和它所修饰的名词之间没有逻辑上的主谓关系,只表示被修饰名词的一般用途,必须位于名词之前。如: There is a swimming pool in our school. 2.现在分词作定语时,和它所修饰的名词之间有逻辑上的主谓关系,表示所修饰名词的特征。如: Listen to the singing bird. Who is the boy running towards us。 3.动词不定式作定语时,当所修饰的名词指人时,和它所修饰的名词之间有逻辑上的主谓关系。如: He is always the first to come to school. 当所修饰的名词指物时,和它所修饰的名词之间有逻辑上的动宾关系。如: I have a meeting to attend. 如果作定语的动词不定式中的动词是不及物动词,需加上相应的介词。如:
【过去分词作定语】过去分词作定语的用法ppt 过去分词作定语 什么是定语？ 用来修饰名词（代词）的品质与特征的词或词组。 可以用作定语的有形容词，名词，不定式，分词，介词短语，等。 A. 位置 一般来说 1.单个的过去分词作定语，通常前置，放在被修饰 的名词之前。但是，若修饰不定代词（something, anything, nobody, everything等）或指示代词 （those，these）时，要后置。 2.过去分词短语作定语时，通常后置。
e.g. an honored guest 一位受尊敬的客人 everybody invited 每个被邀请的人 meals cooked by experts B. 特点 单个过去分词作定语，通常放在被修饰的名词之前，表示 被动和完成意义。 a类：被动意义： an honored guest 一位受尊敬的客人 The injured workers are now being taken good care of in the hospital.受伤的工人现正在医院受到良好的照料。
b类：完成意义：（不及物动词的过去分词作定语不表示被动，而表示 完成） boiled water＝water that has boiled开（过的）水 the fallen leaves 落叶（fall 落下 vi.） a developed country 发达国家 C类：有些过去分词作定语既表被动，又表完成。如： Is there anything planned ＝that has been planned) for the weekend﹖ 周末安排了什么活动没有？ Did you aept the invitation given(＝that had been given) by the tour guide?
过去分词作定语用法(学生版)（Past Participles Used as Attributes） 过去分词作定语，在语态上，表被动；在时间上，表示动作已经发生或完成，与它所修饰的名词有逻辑（意义）上的动宾关系。 过去分词作定语表示动作在谓语动作之前发生，已经完成并具有被动意义。例如： He is a teacher_________(love) by his students. 他是个很受学生爱戴的老师。 也有用不及物动词的过去分词作定语的情况，一般作前置定语，它不表示被动意义，只表示主动意义，强调动作完成。不能像及物动词的过去分词那样放在名词后面作定语。例如： _________（fall）leaves 落叶 _________(retire)workers 退休工人 the _________(rise)sun 升起了的太阳 the _________(rise)sun正在升起的太阳 注意下面过去分词作定语的几种情况： 1. 单个的过去分词作定语一般放在被修饰的名词之前。例如： We needed much more _________(qualify) workers. 我们需要更多的合格的工人。 My friend is a_________(return) student. 我的朋友是个归国的留学生。 单个分词也可以作后置定语，用以强调动作。例如： They decided to change the material_________(use). 他们决定更换使用的材料。 2. 过去分词短语作定语要放在被修饰的名词后面，作后置定语，其作用相当于一个定语从句。例如： The student dressed in white is my daughter. =The student who is dressed in white is my daughter.)穿白色衣服的学生是我的女儿。 3. 如果被修饰的词是由every/some/any/no + thing/body/one所构成的复合代词或指示代词those等时，即使一个单一的分词作形容词用，也要放在被修饰词的后面。例如： Is there anything _________(unsolve)? 还有没解决的问题吗？ There is noting _________(change) here since I left this town.自从我离开这个城镇以来，几乎没有什么变化。 4. 单个过去分词前加一名词或副词，常用连字符将它们连接起来构成一个复合形容词，放在其修饰的名词前，作前置定语。分词前加的名词表示分词的动作或行为主体，所加的副词表示方式、时间、程度、性质等意义。例如： This is a state-owned factory. 这是一家国营工厂。 This is our school-run factory. 这是我们的校办工厂。 5. 作前置定语的某些动词的过去分词的形式与作谓语或表语的过去分词的形式往往不一样。例如： 原形用作定语的过去分词用作表语或谓语的过去分词 drink drunken drunk light lighted light/ lit melt melted melted sink sunken sunk We lit the candle and the candle lit up the room. 我们点着蜡烛，蜡烛照亮房间。 There is a lighted candle on the table. 桌上有一支点着的蜡烛。
现在分词的七种用法 （一）作定语 1. 动词现在分词单独作定语，通常放在所修饰词前。例如： The sleeping boy is Tom. 2. 现在分词短语作定语放在所修饰词的后面，意思同定语从句差不多。例如： Tell the children playing outside not to make too much noise. = Tell the children who are playing outside not to make too much noise. 3. 现在分词可相当于非限制性定语，常用逗号分开。例如： Tom, wearing beautiful clothes, followed me down the hill. = Tom, who is wearing beautiful clothes, followed me down the hill. 4. 有时现在分词可以和副词或名词构成复合词作定语。例如： This is an English-speaking country. （二）作表语 现在分词作表语多表示主语的特征。如amusing, discouraging, puzzling, refreshing, astonishing, exciting 等。例如： The story is moving. （三）现在分词在句中作宾语补足语，这时现在分词和前面的宾语有逻辑上的“主表”关系或“主谓”关系。例如： We all found his equipment interesting. (主表关系) I saw Mary going upstairs then. (主谓关系) （四）作状语 现在分词作状语，其逻辑主语一般是句中的主语，如果不是，需在V-ing 形式前加名词或代词主格作逻辑主语。 1. 作原因状语，相当于原因状语从句。例如： Being ill, Mary didn't come to school yesterday. 2. 作时间状语，相当于时间状语从句。例如： Seeing their teacher coming, the students stopped talking. 如果现在分词表示的动作与谓语表示的动作同时发生，常在现在分词前加上when或while。例如：While waiting for the plane, I had a long talk with Simon. 3. 作条件状语。 V-ing 形式作条件状语时，相当于一个条件状语从句。例如： Working harder, you'll be No. 1 in your class. 4. 作让步状语，相当于让步状语从句。例如： Weighing almost two hundred jin, the stone was moved by him alone. 5. 作结果状语。例如： He died, leaving nothing but debts. 6. 作伴随状语或方式状语。例如： He sat by the roadside, begging. （五）现在分词的完成式表示它发生在主句谓语动词表示的动作之前。例如： Having finished his homework, he left the classroom. （六）现在分词的被动式 当句子的主语是动作的承受者时，用V-ing 形式的被动式。例如： The factory being built now is a big one. （七）现在分词的否定形式是由“not + 现在分词”构成。例如：