*****基础单词：*****
crew 船员
captain(master) 船长
chief officer / chief mate(first mate) 大副second officer / second mate 二副
third officer / third mate 三副
cadet 见习生
boatswain / bosun 水手长
seaman 普通水手，海员
engineer 轮机员，工程师
chief engineer 轮机长(俗称大车，老轨) second engineer 大管轮(俗称二车，二轨) third engineer 二管轮(俗称三车，三轨) fourth engineer 三管轮(俗称四车，四轨) surveyor验船师
shipowner船东
representative代表
electrician 电工
fitter 铁工、钳工
plumber铜工
welder焊工
carpenter 木匠、木工
safe inspect安全员
pilot引水员
foreman领班
dockmaster坞长
supervisor主管
superintendent总管
engineering department工程部
hull workshop船体车间
machinery & electric workshop机电车间
dock workshop坞修车间
bulk—carrier 散货船
diesel boat 柴油机船
freighter 货船
oil barge 油驳
passenger ship 客船
combination ship 混合装运船
semi-container ship 半集装箱船
multi-purpose ship 多种用途船
container ship 集装箱船；货箱船
tug 拖轮(拖船)
LNG carrier(liquefied natural gas carrier) 液化天然气船VLCC(very large crude carrier) 大型油船
ULCC(ultra large crude carrier) 超大型油船dockyard 船厂
ship/vessel船舶
voyage repair航修
annual repair年修、岁修
wharf/berth码头
anchorage锚地
floating dock 浮船坞
repair list 修理单
additional item 加帐
hull船体
stem船首
bow 船头
stern船尾
port side(beam)左舷
starboard side(beam)右舷
cabin 船舱
deck甲板
rudder舵
propeller螺旋桨
tailshaft尾轴
anchor chain锚链
pulley 滑轮
pump 泵
hold货舱
life boat救生艇
life jacket 救生衣
radar雷达
main engine主机
auxiliary engine/generator engine 辅机
block 滑轮；葫芦
boiler 锅炉
baggage room 行李房
crane 起重机；吊车
main deck 主甲板
diesel engine 柴油机；内燃机
engine room 机舱；引擎间
escape trunk/escape route 逃出口；救生道
corridor , passage 走廊
galley (船上)厨房
double bottom双层底
lavatory , toilet, water closet(wc) 盥洗室厕所
mess(mess room) 餐厅
turbine 透平机；涡轮机
out of order 不正常
in duplicate(two copies) 一式两份
in triplicate(three copies) 一式三份
in the presence of sb．某人在场的情况下
in position 就位
in sites 原地
*****船级社*****
ABS 美国船级社
BV 法国船级社
CCS 中国船级社
DNV 挪威船级社
GL 德国船级社
IACS 国际船级社协会HR 希腊船级社
KR 韩国船级社
LR 英国劳氏船级社NK 日本海事协会PRS 波兰船级社
RI 意大利船级社
RS 俄罗斯船舶登记局IRS 印度船级社
IMO 国际海事组织
**** 专业单词****
air grinders 气动砂轮机
air drill 气动钻
appers 攻螺纹机
air millers 气动刨铣机
air wrenches 气动扳手
air hoists 气动葫芦
boat deck 救生艇甲板
break 甲板台阶
brake 刹车装置
brake lining 刹车带
bunker 燃料舱
bedplate 机座
capstan 绞盘
centrifuge 离心分油机
crank 曲柄
crank shaft 曲轴
crank pin 曲柄销
crank web 曲柄臂
connecting rod 连杆
cylinder 气缸
cylinder liner 气缸套
cylinder jacket 气缸体
cylinder bore 气缸直径
crosshead 十字头
crosshead pin 十字头销
davit 挂艇架；吊艇杆
derrick 吊杆
exhaust valve 排气阀
faulty 故障
files，saws 锉、锯forecastle 艏楼甲板
fuel tank 燃油舱
frame 机架
gauge 仪表，量规
governor 调速器
hawse hole 锚链孔
hawse pipe 锚链筒
hydraulic hand pumps 手动油压泵hydraulic jacks 油压千斤顶hydraulic press frame 液压顶支架inspection 检查
inlet valve 进气阀
injection pump 喷油泵
jumbo(derrick) 重吊(杆) lubrication 润滑油
lubricator 注油器
lower deck 下甲板
lower tween deck 下二层柜mainmast 主桅
nozzle 喷油嘴
piston 活塞
piston rod 活塞杆
piston ring 活塞环
piston sroke 活塞行程
poop deck 船尾上面的甲板promenade deck 保护甲板之上甲板shelter deck 遮蔽甲板
tackle 滑车；吊具
tonaage deck 量吨甲板
tween screw 双推进器
tarpaulin 盖舱油布
telescope pipe 伸缩套管
turbine 透平机；涡轮机
turbine tube 透平管
scupper 甲板落水管、排水管
scanner 雷达扫描设备
sextant 六分仪
shaft tunnel 轴隧
shackle 卸扣
shifting board 防动板；隔舱板
signaling lamp 信号灯
single screw 单推进器
sling 吊索
steering gear 舵机
spanner 扳手
upper deck 上甲板
valve 阀门
ventilator 通风筒；风筒
winch 绞车
winch house 绞车楼
windlass 起锚机
****Troubles(表示故障的词语)****
beyond repair 已无法修复
over-sized 尺寸过大
slow function 反应缓慢
out of order 不正常
not up to standard 不合标准
inaccurate 不准确
ineffective 失效
out of function 失去作用
seized 粘着
stuck fast by icing 冰冻结住
over heated 过热
excessive wear 过度磨损
excessively worn out (worn away ) 过度磨掉
a little bit inclined 有一点倾斜
abnormal 不正常
destroyed by overheating 因过热而毁坏chapped 龟裂
collapse 塌陷
out of operation 运转失灵
oval 呈椭圆形
scored 拉痕
scuffed about 6 mm×7mm in area 拉毛面积约6mm×7 mm deformed 变形
deformed over a length of 3 mm 变形超过3 mm
loose 松动
greasy 油污
dirty 肮脏
stuck 卡住
squeezed 挤压
bent 弯曲
frosted 结霜
damaged 损坏
broken into pieces 破裂成片
partly detached 部分剥离
partly blocked 部分阻塞
violent vibration 剧烈振动
low efficiency 效率不高
twisted 挠曲
burnt 烧坏
choked 堵塞
fractured 断裂
earthed 接地
knocking 敲缸
leaking(leaky) 漏泄
melted away 溶化
reduced about 12 mm 缩减约12 mm
jammed up in the cylinder 在气缸内卡住
****Dismantling(表示拆卸的相关词语)****
to be taken out from ring groove 从环槽中取出
to be opened up for inspection 打开检查
to be softened (shrunk)with dry ice 用干冰拧松(红套)
to be untightened by heating 用加热松开
to be lifted out 吊出
to be turned out 转出
to be dismantled 拆除
to be withdrawn 退出、抽出
to be loosened 拧松
to be unscrewed 拧开
to be drawn out 拔出
to be pulled out for inspection 拔出检查
to be dismounted 卸下
to be pulled off 拉去
to be taken off 拆下
to be turned(rolled) out 转出
to be extracted by drilling 钻孔拔出
to be removed 移开
to be disconnected 脱开
to be disengaged 解脱
to be disassembled 解体
to be overhauled 解体检修
to be ranged out 解开排好
to be turned over 翻转
****Assembling(表示安装的相关词语)****
to be tightened up to the proper tension 上紧至一定的紧度
to be covered with asbestos wrapping 包以石棉
to be reassembled with new packings 用新的填料重新安装
to be refitted with new packings 用新的填料重新装复
to be retightened by hydraulic pressure 用液压重新上紧
to be reinforced by adding a support 加装支柱以加强
to be pressed into 压入
all removals to be refitted as original 所有拆下部件按原样安装
to be re-expanded 重新扩管
to be refastened 重新搞紧
to be reassembled 重新组装
to be rethreaded 重车螺纹
to be restored 重新堆装
to be fitted back according to instruction 按说明书装复
to be preserved with cement wash 涂水泥浆保护
to be connected 接好
to be dressed up 装饰
to be inserted with good contact 嵌入至良好接触
to be installed in position 装至原位
to be installed and proved workable 装好并能使用
to be mounted 装上
to be fixed up 装好
to be boxed up in good working order 组装至良好工况
to be repacked after fitting back 装复后重新填料
to be fastened 搞紧
to be easy going 需易于拆装
to be closed up in good order 需封闭完好
to be closed up in the presence of C/E 需轮机长在场时封闭
to be sealed in the presence of C／E and surveyor 需轮机长和验船师在场时封闭****Inspecting(表示检查的相关词语)****
to be opened up for inspection 打开检查
to be checked completely 彻底检查
to be examined 检查
to be detected for leakage 查漏
to be checked according to the instruction book 按说明书核查
to be re-checked 重新核查
to be re-inspected 重新检查
to be checked for alignment 检查对中
to be checked after assemblage 装配后检查
****Testing(试验相关用语)****
to be tested in running condition 在运转情况下试车
to be tested under pressure of 6 atmospheres 在六个大气压下进行试验
to be tested by means of blue oil 做蓝油试验
to be tested hydraulically(to be hydraulic-tested) 做液压试验
to be pressure-tested 做压力试验
to do magnetic powder testing 做磁粉探伤
run-in test to be applied(carried out) 做磨合试验
dye test to be applied 做着色探伤
color test to be carried out 做着色试验
load trial to be carried out 试航
to be dynamically balanced (to be subjected to dynamic balance test ) 做动平衡试验to be statically balanced (to be subjected to static balance ) 做静平衡试验
blue oil test to be carried out 进行蓝油试验
pressure test to be applied for leakage 进行压力试验查漏
operation test to be carried out(performed) 进行操作试验
smoke test to be carried out 进行烟熏试验
load test to be carried out 进行负载试验
to be verified 证实
to be tested for leakage 试验漏泄
to be tested to prove tightness 试验紧固度
to be tested according to the specifications 按规范进行试车
to be retested after necessary repair 修理后重新试车
to be surveyed 检验
to be subjected to hydraulic test according to the requirements of the instruction book 根据说明书要求做液压试验
to be subjected to running test after reassembling 装复后做运转试车
to be tested by sighting 照光试验
to be tested in order 需试验完好
****Measuring(表示测量的相关词语)****
measurement to be taken with bridge gauge 用桥规测量
to be measured with calliper 用卡尺测量
to be measured by means of ultrasonic instrument 用超声波仪器测量
clearance to be measured by means of lead wire 用压铅丝测量间隙
to be gauged by means of micrometer 用千分卡测试
to be measured for elongation 测取延伸率
to be measured for thickness 测量厚度
to be calibrated 校正
to be recalibrated 重新测校
crank shaft deflections to be measured before and after repair 修理前后测量拐挡差
****Adjusting(表示调整的相关词语)****
to be adjusted by means of lead wire 用压铅丝方法调整
to be rectified on the lathe 在车床上矫正
to be adjusted according to the instruction book 按说明书调整
to be re-adjusted within the limit of 0.2 mm 重新调整至0.2mm
to be rebalanced 重新找平
to be aligned up 对中
to be re-aligned 重新对中
to be adjusted to 300 N／mm2 to open and 310 N／mm2 to close调整至300 N/mm2开启，310 N／mm2关闭
PART 23 Useful prepositional phrase(常用介词短语)
about 35 mm in length 长度约35 mm
about 80 mm×90 mm in area 面积约80 mm×90 mm
according to the instruction book 根据说明书
according to the C/E’s instruction 根据轮机长指示
after being annealed 退火后
after being ground 研磨后
after being machined 精加工后
after being welded 焊接后
after completion 完工以后
after repair 修理以后
as follows 如下
as necessary 按需要
as per sample 按样品
as required 按要求
as spare 作备件
before repair 修理以前
before test 试验以前
between fly wheel and generator 在飞轮和发电机之间
by means of metal-lock 用金属扣合的方法
by means of lead wire 用压铅丝方法
for inspection (为了)检查
for examination (为了)仔细检查
for repair (为了)修理
for perfect cleanness (为了)彻底清洁
if found 如果发现
if necessary 如果必要
in(good)order 妥善
in good working order(condition) 至良好工况
in running condition 至运行工况
in normal order 至正常
****Cleaning(表示清洗的相关词语)****
to be cleaned internally 内部清洗
to be cleaned with chemical compounds 化学清洗
to be cleaned with soda solution 用苏打溶液清沽
to be washed with fresh water 用淡水清洗
to be flushed with sea water 用海水冲洗
to be blown with compressed air 用压缩空气吹洗
slops to be disposed of 处理掉废油污水
to be air-blown 用空气吹通
to be cleaned away thoroughly 彻底清除
to be derusted by chipping 敲铲除锈
to be descaled 除垢
oil sludge and sediment to be dug and removed 挖掏油渣沉淀to be scraped and repainted 铲刮并重新油漆
loose cement to be scraped out 铲除脱落水泥
ashes(sludge)to be cleaned off 清除灰(油渣)垃圾
****Machining(切削加工相关词语)****
to be faired up on the lathe 上车床校平
to be machined to roundness 车成圆度
to be skinned(skimmed)up 车光洁
to be smoothed 车光洁
to be machined(faced up) 光车
to be machined to size 光车至规定尺寸
to be machined to order 光车至所需要求
to be polished to mirror surface 抛光至镜面度
to be surface-finished 表面光洁处理
to be finished to roundness on spot 原地车圆
to be lathed and slotted 光车开槽
to be drilled and taped 钻孔攻丝
to be drilled out 钻出
to be milled and chamfered 铣槽倒角
to be tapered before fitting back 装复前车成锥形
to be honed and polished 镗磨并抛光
to be bored to roundness 镗圆
****Fitting(钳工用语)****
to be ground to the seat 与阀座磨合
to be ground with lapping compound 用研磨剂研磨
to be smoothed with a file 锉光滑
ridges to be filed off 凸起部分需锉掉
to be faired up in way of fracture 平顺断裂部位
to be fitted and scraped 拂刮
to be ground smoothly 研磨光滑
to be ground to bare metal 研磨出白
to be reground 重新研磨
to be chipped to bare metal 敲铲出白
to be freed up 除掉
to be brushed 刷
to be ground in sites 原地研磨
to be hardened up 调质、硬化处理
to be sand-blasted to bare metal 喷砂出白
to be gouged out 刨削
to be ground in 磨合
****Caution(告诫用语)****
Caution／Look out 注意
No smoking 禁止吸烟
Danger 危险
Poison 有毒
Exit／Way out 出口
Entrance 进口
No admittance 禁止入内
Keep off 切勿靠近
Keep out 切勿入内
Road closed 止步(此路不通)
Push 推
Pull 拉
Hands off 勿动手
Wet paint 油漆未干
Keep dry 防止潮湿
Keep in the sun 置于阳光下
Keep out of the sun 勿露于阳光下
Keep cool 保持阴凉
Fire gate 火灾太平门
*****Safety(安全用语)*****
extinguisher 灭火器
fire hose 消防水带
fine 罚款
gas-mask 防毒面具
respirator 呼吸器
venerations 中毒
suffocation 窒息
oxygen depletion(lack of oxygen) 缺氧
explosion 爆炸
receiving an electric shock 触电
accident 事故
safety standards 安全标准
general safety rules 安全通则
life saving and fire fighting equipments 救生和灭火设备
enclosed spaces 密闭空间
oxygen deficiency 缺氧
toxic vapors 毒气
*****基础句子*****
1. Good morning. 早上好
2. Good afternoon. 下午好
3. Good evening. 晚上好
4. How are you? 你好吗？
5. Fine, thank you. 好，谢谢。
6. You are welcome. 不谢
7. Excuse me. 对不起，打扰一下。
8. Are you chief engineer? 你是老轨吗？
9. No, I’m not. 不，我不是
10. Who are you? 你是谁？
11. I’m chief officer. 我是大副
12. What time is it? 几点了？
13. It’s twenty-five past two. 二点二十五
14. It’s fifteen to two. 一点四十五
15. Where are you from? 你来自哪里？
16. I am from Greece. 我来自希腊
17. Nice to meet you, Mr. Li. 很高兴见到你，李先生。
18. Follow me, please. 请跟我来
19. This way, please. 这边走。
20. Just a moment. 等一会儿。
21. This is captain. 这是船长。
22. Hello, I’m the foreman of fitter, I’m in charge of this job. 你好，我是铁工领班，我负责这项工作。
23. Mr. Liu is responsible for pipe work.. 刘先生负责管子工程。
24. Do you like Chinese food? 你喜欢中国食物吗？
25. Yes , I enjoy it so much. 我很喜欢
26. When was the ship built? 这条船是什么时候建造的？
27. It was built in 1980. 1980年建造的。
28. Where was the ship built? 这条船是在哪里建造的？
29. It was built by GuangZhou Shipyard in China. 中国广州船厂建造的。
30. Let’s discuss the items on the repair list one by one．
让我们一项一项地讨论修理单上的项目。
31. When will we start the work? 我们什么时候开始工作？
32. Tomorrow morning. 明天早晨。
33. See you tomorrow. 明天见。
34. This is the schedule of repair. 这是修理计划。
35．Sent to the work shop for repair. 送到车间修理
36．When do you start working in the morning/stop working in the afternoon..
你们早上几点上班/下午几点下班？
37．Please cancel this item.请取消这一项
38．This item will take another five working days at least.这个项目至少还要5个工作日
39．If you are in a hurry, we can arrange overtime for you. 如果你们着急，可以为你们安排加班。40．Can you lend me a tool? 请借我一个工具好吗？
41. I’ve come to check with you the items in your repair list.
我是来和你核对修理单上的项目的。
42. If you have any questions about the repair list，you can talk to our superintendent．
如果对修理单你还有什么问题，可以和我们的总管谈。
43．I think we had better to make some alteration/modification to item No.××．
我想最好对××项修理内容做些更动／修改。
44.Please give me some more detailed explanation about this repair item．I don’t think it is clearly stated．
请更详细地给我解释一下这个修理项目，我觉得它说得不清楚。
45. The main jobs should be checked or tested in the presence of one of our officers／engineers．
主要工程应在有一位我们的驾驶员／轮机员在场时进行验收或测试。．
46. Whom can I go to if there are any problem during the repair?
如果修理过程中出现问题，我该去找谁?
47. If there are any problem during the repair，please inform our engineer on duty immediately.
如果修理中有什么问题，请立即通知我们的值班轮机员。．
48. Please check this itemized bill.
请核对一下这份分项账单。
49. This item was not carried out，but the expense was not deducted.
这一项目未进行修理，但费用并未扣除。
50. The ship is going to carry out her voyage repair in the shipyard. It is to be dry-docked tomorrow．
这艘船将进厂进行航修，它明天将要进坞。
51. All the items should be surveyed by classification society．
所有项目应通过船级社的检验。
52. I have invited a surveyor from Lloyd’s Register．
我已请了劳氏船级社的验船师。
53. Let’s have look of the exact positions of above items.
让我们看一下以上工程的具体位置。
54．This is an annual repair list(a voyage repair list，a guarantee repair list)．
这是一份岁修单(航修单、保修单)。
55. Here a copy of the repair list.
这是一份修理单副本.
56．There are some additional items to add to the list.
有一些附加项目需要加进修理单。
57．It’not difficult for us to do the repair as you require.
按照你们所要求的来修理,我们没有困难。
58．Who will supply the necessary spare parts for this item?
谁提供这一项的备件?
59. This is the job order，please check and sign it，and mark with ship’s stamp.
这是这次修理的完工单，请核对、签字并加盖船章。
*****专业句子*****
Repair work or the deck department(甲板部修理工程)
1．Anchor chains should be proof tested．
锚链应进行拉力试验.
2. The windlass squeaks when the anchor is hoisted. You had better to have it checked.
起锚时锚机总是“吱吱”作响，你们最好对它检查一下。
3. The motor of this cargo winch rotates too quickly. It needs readjusting．
这台起货机的马达旋转过快，需要重新调整。
4. Please measure and record the rudder bearings clearance and hand over to chief officer in triplicate.
测量舵轴承间隙，记录一式三份交大副。
5. The error of the rudder angle indicator is too large.
舵角指示器误差过大。
6．The rudder blade does not remain amidships while the indicator reads zero．
舵角指示器为零时，舵不在中间位置。
7. All sheaves and rollers of the life boat davit need to be overhauled，cleaned，greased and reassembled．
所有救生艇吊柱的滑轮和滚轮拆开检查、清洁、加油并装妥。
8. All brake linings and bands of life boat winch need to be renewed.
救生艇吊机的所有刹车带及刹车片换新。
9. Goose necks，topping lift blocks，cargo blocks and heel blocks of the derricks need to be dismanltled，overhauled，measured，well greased，painted and then reassembled in order．
鹅颈头、千斤索滑车、吊货滑车以及引导滑车解体、检查、测量、加油、涂漆、修理损坏处，然后装复。
10．All cargo wires and topping lift wires need to be brushed, cleaned, examined and greased.
所有吊货索、千斤索需要刷净、清洁、检查并涂油。
11．Deck fire fighting water pipe(Dia．80mm, gal．steel pipe)at port side to be renewed totally about 20 m in length．
左舷甲板消防管(直径80 mm镀锌钢管)部分换新，约20 m长。
12. One choked bilge sounding pipe in hold No.2 need to be freed.
第2舱一根污水测深管堵塞，需疏通。
13．One section of fresh water pipe(Dia．25 mm×4 m)and one stop valve(Dia．25mm)in the crew’s bath room need to be renewed．
船员浴室一段淡水管(直径25 mm，长4 m)以及一只截止阀(直径25mm)换新。
MACHINERY REPAIR(船机维修)
Exercise 1 Failure(故障)
1．Anything wrong with×?
×有问题吗?
2. What’s wrong／the trouble with×?
×有什么故障(毛病)?
3．There are some troubles with×．／Something has gone wrong with×．×出了问题(有故障了)。
4. Out of order／out of operation／out of action．
失灵，坏了。
6. Out of place
错位。
7．Out of step
步调不一致。
8. The meter is inaccurate. The relay does not function at all．
这个仪表不准确。继电器根本不动作。
9．The motor failed suddenly. The pump failed to build up pressure．
电机突然停了下来，泵建立不起压力。
10．The engine runs a bit unevenly.
机器运转有点不平稳。
11. Sea water has leaked into the fresh water system.
海水已漏进淡水系统。
12．These nuts are too loose.
这些螺母太松了。．
13. The white metal has been wiped out．
白合金已被磨掉。
14. There is a crack in the liner．
缸套上有裂纹。
15. The piston ring has lost its elasticity.
活塞环已失去弹性。
16．The white metal of the lower half bearing is partly detached.
轴承下瓦白合金部分脱落。
17．The valve spindle is bent and twisted.
阀杆已经弯扭变形。
18. There is a non-through crack on the cover．
缸盖上有一非裂穿性的裂纹。
19. The brake is over-worn.
刹车带过度磨损。
20．The boiler is seriously scaled．
锅炉严重结垢。
2l. The oil-sealing is defective．
油环损坏。
22．The orifices of this nozzle are almost choked up with carbide．
这个油嘴的喷孔几乎被碳化物堵死。
23．The oil passage is partly blocked．
油路部分被堵死。
24. Take asbore to repair．
送岸修理。
25．Sent to the work shop for repair．
送车间修理。
26．Sent the impeller shaft of sea water pump to the work shop for straighten.
海水泵叶轮轴送车间矫直。
Exercise 2 Technical requirement(技术要求)
l. All parts to be reassembled as original.
所有部件按原样重新组装。
2．Ring grooves to be machined up as original size．
环槽按原尺寸加工。
3. Make a new valve spindle according to the drawing．
阀杆按样图新做。
4．One cylinder 1iner to be newly made as spare.
新做一缸套作为备件。
5．Shaft to be lathed as per attached sketch．
轴按附图加工。
6．Three collar bolts to be fabricated as per sample.
按实样做3个带环螺栓。
7. Fresh water pump motor to be tested as required in the specification.
淡水泵电机按说明书规定进行试验。
8. Cylinder liner to be bored as required．
缸套按要求镗缸。
9．Coupling to be skinned up in way of shaft．
联轴节在轴的部位光车。
10．No.3 and 4 crankpins to be polished in place.
3号、4号曲柄销就地抛光。
11. The valve to be replaced in position．
阀装复原位。
12. Cylinder to be hydraulically tested in the presence of C／E and surveyor.
气缸须在轮机长和验船师在场时进行水压试验。
13. Cooling system to be tested to C／E's satisfaction.
冷却系统试验至轮机长满意为止。
14. The heating coils to be hydraulically tested up to 8 kg／cm2.
水压试验加热盘管需达8 kg／cm2.
15．Take the clearance with a feeler．
间隙用塞尺测量。
16．Packing to be renewed with ship’s stores.
填料用船方备件换新。
17. Safety valve to be pressured tested．
安全阀应做压力试验。
18．Water tank to be de-rusted and wire-brushed．
水柜除锈并用钢丝刷刷净。
19. Automatic valve to be dismantled for examination.
自动阀应拆卸检验。
20．Cylinder cover to be opened for cleaning．
打开缸盖以便清洁。
Exercise 3 Main engine operation(主机操作)
1．Warm the main engine．
暖机。
2. Examined every parts of eng．and ascertained its condition.
诸部件及其状态已检查确认。
3. Ascertained no leak of X.
确定×无滴漏。
4. Examined and adjusted tappet clearance of suction and exhaust valves．
进、排气阀顶杆间隙已检查和调整。
5. Take off the turning gear．
脱开盘车机。
6. Tried main engine several times ahead and astern．
主机进行了数次正倒车试验。
7．Run the engine several revolutions.
冲车数转。
8. Get equal power in each cylinder．
平衡各缸功率。
Exercise 4 Diesel engine inspection and repair(柴油机检修)
1．Open out No.5 cylinder and take out the piston.
打开5号气缸盖并取出活塞。
2．Overhaul No.3 cylinder．
检修3号缸。
3. There’s a through crack in the liner.
缸套上有条穿透性裂纹。
4. Examine and clean the air starting valves.
检查并清洁起动空气阀。
5．Clean around scavenging ports.
清洁扫气口周围。
6. Take out and examine the fuel injection valves of each cylinder．
取出并检查各缸喷油器。
7. Adjust the opening pressure for fuel valve．
调整油头的开启压力。
8．Adjust injection pressure to 280 kg／cm2.
把喷射压力调整到280 kg／cm2。
9. Take out the fuel injection valves on each cylinder and clean the tip of the valves and then do the
atomization tests.
取出各缸喷油器，清洁喷嘴并做雾化试验。
10．Check piston clearance at top dead center of the stroke.
在上止点测量活塞与缸套之间的间隙。
11. Overhaul the thrust bearing.
拆修推力轴承。
12. Measure the diameter of the shaft.
测量轴的直径。
13．Measure the diameter of No．1 crank pin．
测量1号曲柄销径。
14．Remove the top half brasses of all main bearings and measure crankshaft worn down with bridge gauge.
拆下各主轴承上瓦，用桥规测量曲轴的磨耗。
15. Measure the clearance of bearings by pressing lead wires．
用压铅法测量轴承间隙。
16．Adjust bearing clearance with shims.
用垫片调整轴承间隙。
17. Put in a sheet of 2 mm shim．
装进一张2 mm的垫片。
18.Put off two sheets of 1／2 mm copper liner.
抽出两张0.5mm的铜垫片。
19．Remove bearing caps and carefully examine the journals.
拆下轴承盖，仔细检查轴颈。
20．Examine carefully the crank pin for flaws or hair cracks.
精心检查曲柄销颈有无缺陷或微小裂纹。
21．Remove scale and deposit from cooling space in cylinder cover.
清除缸盖冷却水腔的水污和沉积物。
22. Measure the diameter of cylinder liner．
测量缸套直径。
23. File off the ridges on the top and bottom of the liner．
锉去缸套上、下方的划痕。
24．Scrape off the ridges on the top and bottom of the liner with grinder.
用风砂轮拂去缸套上、下方的划痕。
25．Lift all the piston rings and clean properly the ring grooves，and renew 2 compression rings and 1 oil scraper ring.
取出全部活塞环并彻底清洁环槽，换新2根压缩环和1根刮油环。
26．The piston ring has lost its elasticity．
该活塞环已失去弹性。
27. The piston ring is worn out.
该活塞环已过度磨损。
28. All piston rings should be taken out from the ring grooves.
将所有的环从环槽中取出。
29. Test hammering the nuts of the bolts for looseness.
以锤敲击螺帽检查松动。
30. Drain out all the oil in reduction gear casing and refill with fresh oil．
减速齿轮箱内的油全部放出，补入新油。
31. Clean the oil strainers periodically.
定期清洗油滤器。
32. Chip and scrape the corroded part of engine room bulkhead and touch up with red lead paint.
铲、刮机舱舱壁锈蚀部分以红丹漆修补之。
33．Shift 2 liners from upper deck into engine room．
将上甲板的2只缸套搬进机舱。
34. Dismantle the pump to check its seal.
拆开泵检查它的密封。
35．The piston should be lifted out together with its rod．
将活塞连同活塞杆一起吊出。
36. Disconnect all the piping connections before dismantling the cylinder head．
在拆卸缸头之前先拆除所有的连接管。
37．Stamp a center mark．
打一个中心标记。
38. Check the deflection of the crankshaft both before and after repair.
在修理前和修理后都要检查曲轴的变形情况。
39．Would you please inspect the pumps?
请检查一下泵好吗?
40. Check the alignment of the piston by measuring the clearance between the piston and the cylinder.
通过测量活塞与缸套之间的间隙来检查活塞的对中情况。
41．Measure the shaft diameter with a pair of outside calipers．
用一对外卡钳来测量轴的直径。
42. Calibrate the cylinder liner．(Measure the internal diameter of the cylinder.)
测量(校准)缸套内径。
43. Scrape the main bearings．
修刮主轴承。
44.The shaft dismantled should be remachined．
拆下的轴应重新加工。
45. These plungers should be reground.
这些柱塞应重新研磨。
46．Weld up the cracked piston crown..
焊补裂开的活塞顶。
47. Bore the cylinder liner.
镗缸。
48. The cylinder liner should be chromium-plated after it is bored.
缸套膛孔后应镀铬。
49. File off the ledge．
锉去这些凸起部分。
50．The shaft should slotted.
应在轴上开一个槽。
51. The quality of this material is rather poor.
这些材料的质量非常糟糕。
52. The shaft for the ballast pump should be from anticorrosive alloy.
压载泵的轴应选用耐蚀合金。
53. We have no such alloy，can we use other kind of material instead?
我们没有这种合金，能否用其他材料代替?
54．The pipes should be of heavy-duty material.
这些管子应该用耐重载荷材料制成。
55. This material is heat-resistant and anticorrosive.
这种材料耐热耐腐蚀。
56．Renew the plunger.
换新柱塞。
57. Change the packing if it is necessary.
如果必要的话更换填料。
58. There is no other way but renewing it.
除了换新没有别的方法。
59. The seal rings should be replaced by ship’s spares.
密封环用船上的备件更换。
60. The carbon deposits on the piston crown and in the ring grooves should be scraped away.
活塞顶和环槽中的积炭应被刮去。
61．Wash the cooler with soda solution.
用苏打水冲洗冷却器。
62. Take the crank deflection of main engine.
测量主机臂距差。
63. Please check the upper surface condition of the piston crown with a template．
请用样板检查活塞顶烧蚀了多少。
64. Have you checked the clearances of the gas valves?
你检查过气阀间隙吗?
65. The vertical play(gap clearance)of the piston ring should be measured．
应测量活塞环的天地间隙(搭口间隙)。
66. Please issue the report.
请签发报告。
67. Test the cylinder covers hydraulically.
气缸盖进行液压试验。
68．Did these parts pass magnaflux-tests?
这些部件经过磁力探伤试验了吗?
69．The main engine must undergo both mooring and sea trials.
主机必须经过系泊试验和航行试验。
70．Dynamic balance test should be carried out to the rotor of the turbocharger.
涡轮增压器转子应进行动平衡试验。
Ship engine overhaul workmanship(轮机检修工艺)
1. Remove upper department of the bed plate in turn，make mark as remembering．
按顺序拆除机座以上部件，做好标志。
2．Draw out crank shaft，put it on the special cradle，clean it and make flaws detection and do necessary check..
吊出曲轴，将之放置于专用支架上，清洁，探伤，并作必要的检查。
3．Put new bed plate on base plate，use feeler to check touching surface，it should be less than 0.10 mm.
常用1000个单词的机电英语 able [`eibl] adj.能够 abnormal [b`n:ml] adj.异常 abort [`b:t]中断,停止 absent [`bsnt] adj. 不在的，缺少的 acceleration [k.sel`rein] n. 加速，加速度access [`kses] vt. 存取 action [`kn]. 动作 actuator [`ktjueit]n.操作(执行)机构,执行器 address [`dres] 地址 adjust [`dst] 调整，校正 adjustable wrench 活扳手 adjustable [`dstbl] 可调整的 adjusting screw 调整螺钉 adjustment [`dstment] 调节、调节装置 air compressor空压机 [km`pres] 压缩机 air exhaust fan排气扇[ig`z:st] 排气，抽完 air [e]风，空气 alarm [`lam] 报警 align [`lain] 定位，对准，调整 alternating current AC 交流电 [:l`t:nt] 轮流，交替ambient temp 环境温度 ambient [`mbit] 周围的，环境的 ammeter [`mit] n. 电流表，安培计 amp [mp] n. 安培 ampere [`mp] n. 安培 amplifier [`mplifai] n. 放大器，扩音器 analog input [`nlg] 模拟量输入 analog output 模拟量输出 analog signal 模拟信号[`nlg] [`signl] analog [`nlg] 模拟 analog-to-digital A/D 模数转换 [`diditl] angle valve 角伐 angle [`gl] 角度 application program 应用程序 [.pli`kein] 请求,应用 arc [a:k] 电弧，弧光 area [`eri] 面积，区域 arrester [e`rest] 避雷器 assemble line装配线，生产线[`sembl] assemble [`sembl] 安装，组装 asynchronous motor 异步马达 [ei`sins] atomizing [`tms.fi] 雾化
一．单词翻译(英译汉，汉译英共20分） compound pulley 组合滑轮 screw 螺丝 worm gear 涡轮 clearance fit 间隙配合 transition fit 过渡配合 interference fit 过盈配合 ground teeth 精密齿 gear reductions 齿轮减速比aluminum 铝 brass 黄铜 bronze 青铜 cast iron 铸铁 carbon 碳钢 alloy steel 合金钢 hardened steel 硬化钢 stainless steel 不锈钢 plastic materials 塑料材料 gear teeth 齿轮 straight-toothed 直齿轮 rack and pinion 齿条和齿轮 straight bevel gears 直齿锥齿轮spiral bevel gears 弧齿锥齿轮friction 摩擦 lubrication 润滑 lubricant 润滑剂 full fluid film lubrication 全液态薄膜润滑 boundary lubrication 边界润滑elastrohydrodynamic lubrication 流体弹性动力润滑 proton 质子 neutron 中子 parallel circuit 并联电路 series circuit 串联电路 electron 电子 inductor 电感 capacitor 电容 conductor 导体 semiconductor 半导体 metal-oxide-semiconductor 金属氧化物半导体 integrated circuit 集成电路integrated circuit chip 集成电路芯片 dopant 掺杂剂 mask 掩膜 doping 掺杂 photoresist 感光胶 etch 蚀刻法 dielectric 非传导性（电介质）rung 梯级 branch 分支 instructions 指令 power rails 母线 quantity 数量 parameter 参数 ladder diagram 梯形逻辑图 ON-delay timer 通电延时定时器OFF-delay timer 断电延时定时器retentive timer 保持定时器proximity timer 接近开关electromechanical control 机电控制mobile robots 可移动机器人manipulator robots 操作机器人 self reconfigurable robots 自变形（重装）机器人 Analog-to-Digital Converter A/D模数转换器 Digital-to-Analog Converter D/A模数转换器 ASIC(Application Specific Integrated Circuit)专用采集电路 Laplace transform 拉普拉斯变换 Z-transform Z变换 valve 阀 pump 泵 motor 发动机 cavitation 气穴 hydraulic 液压的 equilibrium position 平衡位置vibration(oscillation) 振动transducer 饱和电抗器,传感器，变频器 reservoir 油箱 pump with electric motor 电力马达泵unloader and safety relief valve 减荷
水电站机电英语专业词汇 a turn 一匝 abnormal 异常 abrasion 磨损 abrasive test 磨耗试验 abrasive wear 磨损 abutment 支墩 AC excitation circuit breaker 交流灭磁开关 AC(alternating current) 交流acceptance 交接，验收 access 通路 accessories 附件 accident 事故 according to 根据，依照 accuracy class 精度等级 acetylene 乙炔 active power 有功功率 actual size 实际尺寸 actual value 实际值 actuator 执行机构 adapter 接头 additional 附加的 adequate 适当的，足够的 adhesive 带粘性的，胶粘 adjacent 邻近的，接近的 adjust pad 调整垫片 adjust screw 顶丝 adjustable spanner 活扳手 adjusting plate 调整板adjusting 调节，调整 against ground 对地 Ag-braze piece银焊片 Ag-braze wire银焊丝 Ag-welding plate银焊片 Ag-welding rod银焊条 AI (analog input)模拟输入 air admission pipe补气管 air admission valve补气阀 air baffle plate挡风板 air chamber储气罐 air compressor空压机 air cooler 空气冷却器 air flow bridge风道 air gap气隙 air guide insulated隔离导气板 air guide空气导板 air housing风罩 air injection valve补气阀 air 空气 air-gap induction 气隙磁密 air-vents 通风沟 air-water heat exchanger 空气冷却器alarm 报警 alignment同轴性 alkali-less glass tape无碱带 alloy轴承合金 alternating circuit交流电路alternating current交流电
机电专业英语期末复习试题 一．选择题 1.If all points in a linkage move in parallel planes the system undergoes plan ar motion and the linkage may be described as a . A.planar motion B. planar linkage C. joints D. slide 2.Though frame material and design should handle damping, are sometimes built into frame sections to handle specific problems. A .beams B. holes C. dampers D. screw 3.The maximum allowable deflection of a shaft determined by critical s peed, gear, or bearing requirements. A. often B. must C. was D. is usually 4.We will have to to better and better solutions as we generate more in formation. A. repeat many times B. iterating C. iterate D. try ways 5.If a product configuration is specified and then examined to determ ine whether the performance requirements are met. A. finally B. tentatively C. temporary D. have been 6.Manufacturing can be defined as the of raw materials into useful prod ucts through the use of the easiest and lest-expensive methods. A. transformation B. processing C. process D. transforming 7.The planer and knee types of milling machine is because of its flexibi lity. https://www.doczj.com/doc/577881763.html,ed most commonly B. most popular C. the most commonly used D. mo st powerful 8.As a result, the system will vibrate at the frequency of the force re gardless of the initial conditions or natural frequency of the system. A. action B. excitation C. out D. act 9.Before two components are assembled together, the relationship between the d imensions of the mating surfaces . A.must be giving out B. should printed clearly C. must be specified D . should be clearly noted 10.The main practical advantage of lower pairs is their better ability to trap lubricant between their surfaces. A. enveloping B. mating C. outer D. outside 11.The word itself usually refers to the deterioration of metals and cer amics, while similar phenomena in plastics generally called . A. recrystallization…. corrosion B. recrystallization…degradation C. degradation…corrosion D. corrosion… degradation 12.Most frames cast iron, weld steel, composition, or concrete. A. are made from B. are made up of C. was produced by D. was consist of 13.Rotating shafts particularly those that run at high speeds, must be designe d to avoid operation at speeds. A . low B .overload C. critical D. hollow
四川理工学院成人高等教育 《机电工程专业英语》试卷（ A 卷） 年级三年级 专业机电一体化 ZK931101 层次专科 号 题号一二三四五六七八总分评阅(统分)人 学 题分20 30 20 30 得 分 注意事项： 线 名 1.满分 100 分。要求卷面整洁、字迹工整、无错别字。 姓 订 生 2.考生必须将“学生姓名”和“学号”完整、准确、清楚地填写在试卷规定的地方，否则视为 学 装 此 废卷。 过 3.考生必须在签到表上签到，否则若出现遗漏，后果自负。 要 得分 评阅教师 级 不 一、选择题： 班 题 业 专 答 选择括号中提供的单词或短语，并以正确的形式填空。 （每空 2 分，共 20 分） ( send out, focus on, deny, prove, make sure, equip with, shock, accomplish, vary from, call ) （ 1） A week ago he received a notice stating his application was . （ 2） Effective teaching is the learning needs of each student in the class. （ 3） His mother when she heard about the accident. ) （ 4） He a number of e-mail messages to his friends. 班 （ 5） Position measurement in NC machines 属 can through direct or indirect methods. 直 ( （ 6） The actual programming commands needed will 点 also builder to builder. 学 （ 7） This method to be very successful. 教 （8） that the instructions for the use of this high pre are strictly observed. （9） The majority of NC/CNCmachine tools automatic too such as magazines on machining center and turrets on turning centers. （10） The movements are detected and counted by a feedback device a transducer. 得分 评阅教师 二、名词解释： 写出下列英文缩写的全称 ,并翻译成中文。 （每题 3 分，共 30 分） （ 1） PLC （ 2） CIM （ 3） AGV （ 4） FMS （ 5） ROM （ 6） CPU （ 7） CNC （ 8） CAD （ 9） GUI （ 10） JIT 得分 评阅教师 三、汉译英： 将下列术语翻译成英文。 （每题 2 分，共 20 分） （ 1） 在线编程 （ 2） 装配有（某设备） （ 3） 钻床 （ 4） 齿轮加工 （ 5） 穿孔纸带 （ 6） 切削中心 （ 7） 加工中心 （ 8） 光电开关 （ 9） 显示面板 （ 10） 超声波加工 得分 评阅教师 四、英译汉
Unit 1 原子钟 电子或电子计时装置是由原子或分子的震荡控制的。一个计时装置必须包含或者连到一些均匀震荡的的仪器上来控制指针的移动的频率或者数字改变的频率。机械钟或者手表利用震荡平衡轮，钟摆和音叉。更高的精度或许利用原子或分子震荡，因为这种震荡频率如此高，不肯能用他们做控制时钟的直接手段.。然而，这种钟被一种高速平稳输出可以自动增加而且可以与原子系统的比较的晶体振荡器控制。这种震荡器的错误会自动改正。时间通常是由数字原子时钟或者其他的复杂的读数设备显示的。 第一个原子时钟，发明与1948年，利用氨分子的振动。一对这样的时钟之间的误差，也就是说，在指定的时间如果两者统一瞬间启动然后比较,区别通常是三千年差一秒。在1955年，第一个铯束时钟（一种利用铯原子发射精密频率的微波光谱线作为参考的设备），在英国的特丁顿国家物理实验所投放操作。美国的标准是nist f-1，他是在1999年进入服务的并且在两千万年里不会快或者慢一秒。一个喷泉原子钟，NIST F-1原子钟包含由高3英尺的垂直管的内部结构.他用激光冷却铯原子，在空气中用激光摇匀形成铯原子团。特别像一个摇匀的网球。形成喷泉效果。这允许原子比以前的任何时钟都要观察的远。 许多世界国家的标准实验室保存着原子钟，用这些时钟平均产生叫TAI的标准来维持时间。高精度的时间信号是来源于这些标准实验室通过短波无线广播站或者人造卫星向全世界传播的。这种信号被用来跟踪太空飞行器，电子导航系统和地壳的瞬间的研究等事情。这些精确的时钟使利用实验证明了一个很大的预言-爱因斯坦的相对论成为可能。原子钟的原型是用氢原子或者铍原子这样的原子可以几千年仍可以很准确。比如：美国家标准与技术研究院的研究人员已经证明过渡在一个基于能源困汞离子（汞原子丢失了一个电子）的时钟潜在着比目前时钟精确度高达1000倍。 Unit 2 制动（刹车）系统 制动（刹车）踏板或者用手杆来激活（启动）刹车（制动），对于低功率的机器或者车，操作人员通常可以提供足够的力通过一个简单的机械运动把刹车踏板或者操作杆联系到刹车的部分上。然而，大多数情况下，这种力可以通过一种精心制作的系统来增加。 空气制动系统 空气制动系统是一种早期的系统用来增加制动力，也可以叫做空气制动，它是由美国乔治西屋的制造商发明的并与1868年第一次使用在乘客火车上。现在他被广泛应用在铁路火车上。它的基本原理是利用压缩运动空气使油箱的活塞安放在车轮上的闸块式制动器。动作同时作用在火车车厢的轮子上。通过连轴器连接的车厢之间通过用结实的管子传递空气。与此同时，通过工程师控制他释放在所有的单独的闸块式制动器部位。在制动管损坏，泄露或者是刹车部位损坏，它有自动提供所有闸块式刹车设置。空气制动系统也被应用在地铁，有轨电车，公共汽车和卡车。
常用机电英语词汇汇总 able [`eibl] adj.能够 abnormal [b`n:m᠑ 1;l] adj.异常 abort [`b:t]中断,停止absent [`bsnt] ad j. 不在的，缺少的 acceleration [k.sel`r ein] n. 加速，加速度 access [`kses] vt. 存取action [`k n]. 动作 actuator [`ktjueit]n.操作(执行)机构,执行器 address [`dres] 地址 adjust [`ds t] 调整，校正 adjustable wrench 活扳手 adjustable [`d stbl] 可调整的 adjusting screw 调整螺钉 adjustment [`dɨ 35;stment] 调节、调节装置 air compressor空压机[km`pre s] 压缩机 air exhaust fan排气扇[ig`z:s t] 排气，抽完 air [e]风，空气 alarm [`lam] 报警 align [`lain] 定位，对准，调整 alternating current AC 交流电[& #61581;:l`t:nt] 轮流，交替 ambient temp 环境温度 ambient [`mbit] 周围的，环境的ammeter [`mit᠑ 1;] n. 电流表，安培计 amp [mp] n. 安培 ampere [`mp᠑ 1;] n. 安培 amplifier [`mplifai᠑ 1;] n. 放大器，扩音器 analog input [`nl 1581;g] 模拟量输入 analog output 模拟量输出 analog signal 模拟信号[`n 1611;lg] [`signl] analog [`nl g] 模拟 analog-to-digital A/D 模数转换[`di ditl] angle valve 角伐 angle [`gl] 角度application program 应用程序[.= 521;pli`kein] 请求,应用 arc [a:k] 电弧，弧光 area [`eri] 面积，区域 arrester [e`rest] 避雷器assemble line装配线，生产线[` sembl] assemble [`sembl] 安装，组装asynchronous motor 异步马达[ei`si& #61518;n᠑ 1;s] atomizing [`tms.fi& #61611;] 雾化 attention [`ten= 611;n] 注意 auto reclose 自动重合闸 autoformer 自耦变压器 automatic [.:t`=
《机械工程专业英语》课程教学大纲 一、课程的基本情况 课程中文名称: 机械工程专业英语 课程英文名称： ENGLISH IN MECHANICAL ENGINEERING 课程代码：0304030 课程类别：必修 课程学分：２分 课程学时：18 授课对象：机电（电专）学生 前导课程：机械设计、机械原理、大学英语 二、教学目的 机械工程专业英语是机械工程及自动化专业的一门指选专业课程。其教学目的是使学生完成大学英语的教学后及时转入专业英语阅读，巩固已经掌握的基本词汇和语法知识,扩大专业词汇，掌握科技文章的语法结构，提高英语应用能力，特别是阅读、翻译本专业英语文献的能力。达到以英语为工具，获取专业所需要的信息。 三、教学基本要求 第1课力学基本概念 Lesson 1 Basic Concepts in Mechanics 重点：力学的基本词汇和力学知识 第3课力和力矩 Lesson 3 Forces and Moments 重点：力学的基本词汇和基本知识 第5课轴和联轴器 Lesson 5 Shafts and Couplings 重点：轴的基本词汇和基本知识 第13课机构 Lesson 13 Mechanism 重点：机构的基本词汇和基本知识 第17课机械设计基础 Lesson 17 Fundamentals of Mechanical Design 重点：机械设计的基本词汇和基本知识 第45课计算机与制造业 Lesson 45 The computer and Manufacturing 重点：计算机与制造业的基本词汇和基本知识 翻译技巧：词类转换 第49课数字控制 Lesson 49 Numerical Control 重点：数字控制的基本词汇和基本知识 翻译技巧：成分转换 第53课工业机器人
1 机械专业英语词汇约会 金属切削 调查 机床 金属工艺学 刀具 摩擦 联结 传动 轴'?]/ 弹性[?s'?] 频率特性 误差 响应 定位 机床夹具[d?iɡ] 动力学 运动学[?n?'m?t?k] 静力学 分析力学['k?] 拉伸 压缩 剪切 扭转 弯曲应力 强度 三相交流电 磁路 变压器 异步电动机['??n?s] 几何形状 精度['??n] 正弦形的 交流电路['s?] 机械加工余量 变形力 变形 应力 硬度['d??]
退火[?'] 正火['n???] 脱碳[ɑ?r?'??n 渗碳 电路 半导体元件[?n'd??]反馈 发生器 直流电源 门电路 逻辑代数 外圆磨削 内圆磨削 平面磨削 变速箱 离合器[?t?] 绞孔 绞刀['?m?(r)] 螺纹加工 螺钉 铣削 铣刀 功率 工件 齿轮加工 齿轮 主运动 主运动方向 进给方向 进给运动 合成进给运动 合成切削运动 合成切削运动方向 切削深度 前刀面 刀尖 前角 后角 龙门刨削 主轴['] 主轴箱
2 加工中心 车刀 车床 钻削镗削 车削 磨床 基准 钳工 锻 压模 焊 拉床 拉孔 装配 铸造 流体动力学 流体力学 加工 液压?'?l?k]/ 切线['t???] 机电一体化 ['ɡ??n] 气压 稳定性 介质 液压驱动泵[?t?]离合器；控制；手；紧急关头液压泵[p?] 阀门[v?] 失效 强度 载荷 应力 安全系数['f??] 可靠性 螺纹 螺旋['] 键[] 销 滚动轴承 滑动轴承 弹簧 制动器
十字结联轴节 联轴器 链 皮带 精加工 粗加工 变速箱体 腐蚀 氧化 磨损 耐用度 随机信号 离散信号 超声传感器 集成电路 挡板 残余应力 套筒 扭力 冷加工 电动机 汽缸 过盈配合 热加工 摄像头 倒角 优化设计 工业造型设计 有限元 滚齿 插齿 伺服电机 铣床 钻床 镗床 步进电机 丝杠 导轨 组件 可编程序逻辑控制器 电火花加工 电火花线切割加工-
1Thyristors should not be confused with bipolar junction transistors or field-effect transistors. 不应将晶闸管与双结型晶体管（bipolar junction transistors，BJTs）或场效应管（field-effect transistors，FETs）混淆起来. 2BJTs and FETs are both capable of performing switching operations. As a rule, these devices are not as efficient as thyristor and do not have the power-handling capability. BJTs与FETs都能够完成开关操作。按照惯例，这些器件并没有晶闸管那么有效率且不具备功率（电力）处理能力。 3Thyristors are used as power control devices, whereas transistors are primarily used in amplifying applications. 晶闸管通常用作电力控制器件，而晶体管主要用于信号放大。 4A variety of unidirectional thyristors is now being used in industrial electronic applications. One of the first to be developed was the silicon-controlled rectifier(SCR). The term thyristor was derived form the words thyratron-transistor. 工业电子应用系统目前使用了很多种单向晶闸管。可控硅整流器（silicon-controlled rectifier, SCR）就是最初开发出的三极管之一。术语晶闸管“thyristor”源自于单词“thyratron-transistor”。 5An SCR is classified as a reverse blocking triode thyristor. This means that the device has conductibility in only one direction. When its anode and cathode are reverse biased, the device will not conduct. SCR被归类为反向阻断晶闸管。这意味着该器件仅在一个方向上导通。当其阳极、负极处于反偏时，它不导通。 6The silicon-controlled switch(SCS) and the programmable unijunction transistor(PUT) are two other thyristors of this classification. 可控硅开关(silicon-controlled switch, SCS)和可编程单结晶体管(programmable unijunction transistor, PUT)是该类的另外两种晶闸管。 7The internal construction of an op-amp is quite complex and usually contains a large number of discrete components. 运算放大器的内部结构非常复杂，它通常包含大量的分离元件。 8A person working with an op-amp does not ordinarily need to be concerned with its internal construction. It is helpful, however, to have some general understanding of what the internal circuitry accomplishes. 使用运算放大器工作的人一般并不需要关心其内部结构。然而，了解其内部电路所具备功能的一般常识是很有帮助地。 9This permits the user to see how the device performs and indicates some of its limitations as a functioning unit. 这就让用户明白该器件是怎样工作的，当然也显示出其作为一个功能单元的一些局限。 10The first stage or input of an op-amp is usually a differential amplifier. This amplifier has two inputs, which are labeled V1 and V2. 运算放大器的内部结构非常复杂，它通常包含大量的分离元件。运算放大器的输入或者其第一级通常是一个差分放大器。该放大器有两个分别标为V1、V2的输入端。 11It provides high gain of the signal difference supplied to the two inputs and low gain for common signals applied to both inputs simultaneously. 它对同时施加在两个输入端的差分、共模信号分别提供高、低增益。
复习大纲-专业英语词汇 1.The Engineering Profession occupation 职业 mining and metallurgical engineer矿业&冶金工程师practical application 实际应用 theoretical science 理论科学 inclined plane 斜面 experimental method to verify theory 用实验方法验证理论mechanical advantage 机械增益 work 做功 power 动力；功率 civil engineering 土木工程 hydraulic engineering 水利工程 sanitary or environment engineering 公共卫生及环境工程sewer system 下水道系统 trial and error 反复试错/试错法 engineering specialty 工程专业 petroleum engineering 原油工程 aerospace engineering 航空航天工程 electronic engineering 电子工程 apprenticeship 学徒期 operate or maintain 操作及维护 be aware of 意识到 engineering specialty 工程专业 2、Industry and Technology laws of nature 自然法则 season sth 风干 finish 精加工（抛光、上漆）；光洁度 functional requirement 功能性要求 material requirements 材料要求 visual requirements 视觉要求 durability 耐用性 elements and principles of design设计基础&原理 color and texture 颜色和纹理 unity 一致性 variety 多样性 proportion 比例性 cottage industry 小作坊 mass-production 批量生产 3、Modern Manufacturing essential of industry 工业要素
P67 传动轴是用于支撑滑轮和轮子使它们能够完成基本转动功能的机械 零件。传动轴有各种各样的形状和应用，它是由各种长度的金属棒料制成并且其表面被加工成一定的尺寸。由于转轴承受载荷并传送动力，因此承受正在工作的机器零件的应力和应变。为了使结构和操作安全经济，已经形成了标准化的程序来确定材料的特性和尺寸所需 实心轴传动轴的正常形式是实心棒。实心轴在工业上可以从圆的棒材获得，最大直径可达15cm，它是由热轧和冷拉制成或用直径余量为6mm或更小的棒料机械加工而成。对于更大尺寸的轴，需要专门的轧制程序，而特大的轴是由钢锭锻造成合适的形状。尤其是实心轴，轴被做成台阶状以使中间部分承受更大的强度，而在其端部轴承处直径最小。台阶允许肩部在转子安装时将压在轴上的各种部件定位。 空心轴为了减少重量，实心传动轴被镗孔或钻孔或使用空心管和管材。空心轴还允许内部支撑或让其他传动轴穿过其内部工作。在喷气式飞机发动机内位于空气压缩器和燃气涡轮中间的主轴是空心的，允许有一个需要最小空间和重量的内部减速轴。一个具有同样扭转强度的空心轴比实心轴的直径大，但重量轻。由铸锭制造的大轴的轴心通常被镗出孔以 . 消除缺陷，而且也允许目测检查铸造裂纹。
P70 联轴器是用来把相邻的两个轴端连接起来的装置，在机械结构中，联轴器被用来实现相邻的转轴之间的半永久性连接。在机器的正常使用期间，这种连接一般不必拆开，这种意义上，可以说联轴器的连接是永久性的，但在紧急情况下，或者在更换已磨损的零件时，可以先把联轴器拆开，然后再联接上。 在把属于不同的设备（例如一个电动机和一个变速箱）的轴联接起来的时候，需要把这些轴精确的对准是比较困难的，此时可以采用弹性联轴器，这种联轴器联接轴的方式可以把由于被联接的轴之间的轴线的不重合所造成的有害影响减少到最低程度）。弹性联轴器也允许被联接的轴在他们各自的载荷系统作用下产生偏斜或在轴线方向自由移动（浮动）而不互相干扰。弹性联轴器也可以用来减轻从一根轴传到另一根轴上的冲击载荷和震动的强度。 电机中的转子有转动惯量，当电机启动时需要一个扭矩带动其运转到一定的速度。如果电动机的轴与具有很大转动惯量的负载刚性地联接在一起，当合上开关使电机突然启动时，有可能在电动机没有来得及产生足够的的扭矩，使电动机的轴达到应有的转速前，电动机内的线圈就会因为过大的电流而被烧毁。电机和负载轴之间的离合器会限制电机的启动转矩只到加速转子和离合器部件的所需数值。
陶瓷ceramics 合成纤维synthetic fibre 电化学腐蚀electrochemical corrosion 车架automotive chassis 悬架suspension 转向器redirector 变速器speed changer 板料冲压sheet metal parts 孔加工spot facing machining 车间workshop 工程技术人员engineer 气动夹紧pneuma lock 数学模型mathematical model 画法几何descriptive geometry 机械制图Mechanical drawing 投影projection 视图view 剖视图profile chart 标准件standard component 零件图part drawing 装配图assembly drawing 尺寸标注size marking 技术要求technical requirements 刚度rigidity 内力internal force 位移displacement 截面section 疲劳极限fatigue limit 断裂fracture 塑性变形plastic distortion 脆性材料brittleness material 刚度准则rigidity criterion 垫圈washer 垫片spacer 直齿圆柱齿轮straight toothed spur gear 斜齿圆柱齿轮helical-spur gear 直齿锥齿轮straight bevel gear 运动简图kinematic sketch 齿轮齿条pinion and rack 蜗杆蜗轮worm and worm gear 虚约束passive constraint 曲柄crank 摇杆racker 凸轮cams
机械英语词汇大全2 金属切削 metal cutting 机床 machine tool 金属工艺学 technology of metals 刀具 cutter 摩擦 friction 联结 link 传动 drive/transmission 轴 shaft 弹性 elasticity 频率特性 frequency characteristic 误差 error 响应 response 定位 allocation 拉孔 broaching 装配 assembling 铸造 found 流体动力学 fluid dynamics 流体力学 fluid mechanics 加工 machining 液压 hydraulic pressure 切线 tangent 机电一体化 mechanotronics mechanical-electrical integration 气压 air pressure pneumatic pressure 稳定性 stability 介质 medium 数学模型 mathematical model 画法几何 descriptive geometry 机械制图 Mechanical drawing 投影 projection 视图 view 剖视图 profile chart 标准件 standard component 零件图 part drawing 装配图 assembly drawing 尺寸标注 size marking 技术要求 technical
机床夹具 jig 动力学 dynamic 运动学 kinematic 静力学 static 分析力学 analyse mechanics 拉伸 pulling 压缩 hitting 剪切 shear 扭转 twist 弯曲应力 bending stress 强度 intensity 三相交流电 three-phase AC 磁路 magnetic circles 变压器 transformer 异步电动机 asynchronous motor 液压驱动泵 fluid clutch 液压泵 hydraulic pump 阀门 valve 失效 invalidation 强度 intensity 载荷 load 应力 stress 安全系数 safty factor 可靠性 reliability 螺纹 thread 螺旋 helix 键 spline 销 pin 滚动轴承 rolling bearing 滑动轴承 sliding bearing requirements 刚度 rigidity 内力 internal force 位移 displacement 截面 section 疲劳极限 fatigue limit 断裂 fracture 塑性变形 plastic distortion 脆性材料 brittleness material 刚度准则 rigidity criterion 垫圈 washer 垫片 spacer 直齿圆柱齿轮