定语从句
一﹑概念
定语从句是指在句子中起定语作用、修饰句中名词或代词的从句，其中被修饰的名词或代词称为先行词。定语从句一般紧跟在它修饰的先行词之后，在先行词和定语从句之间起连接作用的词叫做关系词。关系词有关系代词和关系副词两种。定语从句就其与先行词的关系，可以分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句与先行词的关系十分密切，如果去掉该从句，主句意思就不能表达完整。通常情况下，朗读时中间没有停顿，从句和主句之间不用逗号分开。非限制性定语从句与先行词的关系很松散，去掉从句，主句意思仍然清楚，从句只是作附加说明。朗读时中间一般有停顿，从句和主句之间用逗号分开。如：Yesterday I met one of my friends, who seemed to be very busy.
昨天我遇到了一位老朋友，他好像很忙。
They want to set up a country of their own, where they can be their own masters.
他们想建立自己的国家，在那儿他们可以当家作主。
这里我们先讨论限制性定语从句。
限制性定语从句使被修饰的词代表一个、一些或一类特定的人或事物，这种定语从句已和被修饰词构成了一个完整的意思，定语
从句不能拿掉，否则剩下的主句就会失去意义，显得莫名其妙，不知所云而不能成立。
二、关系代词
（1）最常用的关系代词是who, whom, whose, that和which。关系代词同时起了两个作用。它们可以像别的代词一样，可以代表一个名词，在定语从句中用作主语或宾语，同时，它们又起到了连词的作用，把主句和从句连接起来。如：
1. What’s the name of the girl who just came in? 刚才进来的那位姑娘叫什么名字？
2. Do you know the gentleman that spoke just now? 刚才发言的那位先生你认识吗？
3. The train which has just left is for Xi’an. 刚开的那列火车是开往西安的。
4. He is a man whom we should learn from. 他是一个大家都应学习的人。
5. You can take anything that you like. 你可以拿任何你喜欢的东西。
【注】句1.2.3.中的关系代词who, that, which分别代表先行词girl, gentleman和train，同时引导了定语从句，在定语从句中做主语。句4.5.中关系代词whom和that分别代表先行词man和anything，同时引导了定语从句，在定语从句中作宾语。这些关
系代词均起到了连词的作用，将主句和从句连接起来，构成了主从复合句。
【注】限制性定语从句起到对被修饰词的限制作用，如句1.去掉定语从句who just came in，则主句what’s the name of the girl 就可能使对方觉得不明所指，有了这个定语从句，就特指刚进来的那位姑娘，而不是任何一位别的姑娘。再如句4.去掉定语从句后，主句He’s a man就显得毫无意义，有了定语从句，则限定了是我们应该学习的人，是一个具有模范性质的人，而不是别的性质的人。
（2）限制性定语从句，如果修饰人，一般用关系代词who, whom, whose或that。在定语从句中做主语的一般用who或that，作宾语的一般用whom, who或that，作定语并具有物主性质的用whose。如：
6. I don’t like people who/that get angry easily. 我不喜欢容易发脾气的人。
7. A scientist is a person who/that invents or discovers things.发明或发现事物的人叫科学家。
8. The students who/that had been watching started to applaud.一直在一旁观看的学生开始鼓起掌来。
9. Here is the man (whom/ who/ that) you want to see. 这就是你想见的人。
10. I think one should stay faithful to the person to whom one is married.
= I think one should stay faithful to the person (who/ that) one
is married to.
我觉得任何人应该忠诚于他所与之结婚的人。（上一句不能说…to who/ that…）
11. Do you know the woman to whom she was talking?
= Do you know the woman (who/ that) she was talking to?
和她谈话的那个女人你认识吗？（上一句不说…to who/that）12. She’s no longer the girl (that) she was five years ago. 她已不是五年前的她了。
13. This is the girl whose wallet was stolen yesterday. 这就是昨天钱包被偷的女孩。
14. Is there anyone in your class whose home is the northeast? 你班上有家在东北的人吗？
【注】在定语从句中作宾语（动词或介词宾语）的关系代词在口语中常省略不用。在书面语中，如果介词位于关系代词前面，则应用whom（不能省），而不能用who或that，如果介词位于后面，则也可用who或that，但省略的情况更多些，如句9.10.11.。【注】当关系代词在定语从句中作表语时，也一般省去，如句12.。
【注】句13.中的whose的意思相当于her，但不能用her，因为her没有连词的功能。句14.中whose引导的定语从句修饰anyone，而不是修饰class，用whose而不用his是为了连接主从复合句。
（3）限制性定语从句如果修饰物，用关系代词that或which，作宾语时可以省去。作宾语时，如果介词位于关系代词之前，则用which（不能省去），而不用that，（关系代词that既能代人，又能代物）。如：
15. Don’t buy potatoes that/which are green. 不要买青土豆。
16. The fish (that /which) they sell are not fresh. 他们卖的
鱼不新鲜。
17. The tool with which he is working is called a saw.
= The tool (that/ which) he is working with is called a saw.
他干活用的那个工具叫锯子。（不说… with that…）
18. What is the question about which they are talking?
= What is the question (that/ which) they are talking? 他们正在讨论的是什么问题？
19. Is there anything (that) I can do for you? 有什么事（要我做）吗？
20. All that can be done has been done. 所有能做的事都已
做了。
【注】当关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时，绝大多数情况下都是省略的，特别是在口语中。
【注】当先行词（即被修饰词）是不定代词时，关系代词用that，而不用which。
正如上面所分析：
who指人，在定语从句中一般做主语。
Do you know the man who is speaking to your father? 你认识和你爸爸讲话的那个人吗？
（定语从句修饰先行词the man，who在定语从句中作is speaking的主语）
This is the stranger who helped us yesterday. 这是昨天
帮助我们的那个陌生人。
She is the girl who works hard at maths. 她就是那个努力学习数学的女孩。
whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语。在口语或非正式文体中，whom可以省略。
He is the man (whom) we just talked about. 他就是我们刚才谈论的那个人。
The boy (whom) we met in the street yesterday is my
classmate.
我们昨天在大街上遇到的那个男孩是我的同学。
whose既可以指人，也可以指物，在定语从句中作定语修饰它后面的名词。
This is the girl whose father is a policeman. 这就是那个爸爸是警察的女孩。
They live in a house whose windows face south. 他们住在一座窗子朝南的房子里。
which指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语。作宾语时可以省略。Physics is a subject which is very difficult to learn. 物理是一门很难学的科目。
（在定语从句中做主语，不能省略）
Apples are the fruit (which) she likes best. 苹果是她最喜欢的水果。
that既可以指人，也可以指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语。指人时，相当于who或whom；指物时，相当于which。
He is the man that lives next door. 他就是住在隔壁的那个人。
She is the woman that we saw in the bookshop. 她是我们在书店见到的那名妇女。
We like programs that are very interesting. 我们喜欢有趣的节目。
Ⅰ、定语从句中宜用that，不宜用which的情况
被修饰的先行词为不定代词，如all, much, something, everything, anything, nothing, none, the one等。如：
“Is there anything (that) I can do for you?” he asked me.
We should do all that is useful to the people. 我们应该做一切有益于人民的事。
There’s nothing that can be said about it. 有关这件事，已没什么可说的。
Do you mean the one that was bought yesterday? 你指的是昨天买的那个吗？
先行词被only, any, few, little, no, all, just, very等词修饰时。如：This is the only dictionary (that) the student has. 那位学生只有这一本辞典。
All the plans that will be discussed at the meeting are very important.
会上将要讨论的所有计划都是很重要的。
The only thing that we could do was to wait. 我们惟一能做
的事就是等待。
You can take any seat that is free. 任何空位子你都可以坐。That’s the very word that is wrongly used. 那正被用错的词。
先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时。如：
It is the first letter that I have written in French. 这是我用
法语写的第一封信。
This is the third film that has been shown in our school this term.
这是我校本学期放映的第三部片子。
先行词是最高级或被最高级修饰时。
This is the best that can be done now. 这是现在能做的最好的办法。
The most important thing that should be done now is how to stop him from going on.
现在最重要的是如何阻止他继续下去。
先行词既有人又有物，用which和who都不合适，这时宜用that。
They talked about the things and people that they saw in that country.
The writer and his novel that you have just talked about is really well known.
你刚谈起的那位作家以及他的小说确实很著名。
被修饰词为数词时。如：
Yesterday I caught two fish and put them in a basin of water. Now you can see the two that are still alive. 昨天我捉到了两条鱼，把它们放在一盆水里。你可以看到那两条鱼还活着呢。如有两个从句，其中一个关系代词已用which，另一个关系代词则宜用that，以避免语言的单词或重复。
Do you know who is the man that said hello to us just now?你知道刚才和我们打招呼的人是谁吗？
被修饰成分为表语，或者关系代词本身是定语从句的表语时，该关系代词宜用that。
That’s a good book that will help you a lot. 这是本对你很有帮助的书。
My home village is no longer the place (that) it used to be.我的故乡已不再是过去的那个面貌了。
Ⅱ、定语从句中宜用which而不宜用that的情况：
当关系代词前面有介词时。
A zoo is a park in which many kinds of animals are kept for exhibition.
动物园是展览各种动物的公园。
Is this the room in which Mr. White lives? 这就是White先生住的房间吗？
在非限制性定语从句中。
Crusoe’s dog, which was now very old, became ill and died.
克鲁索的狗，现在已经很老，病死了。
More and more people are beginning to learn English, which is becoming very popular in our country. 越来越多的人开始学英语，这种情况我们国家相当普遍。
在一个句子中有两个定语从句，其中一个定语从句的关系代词用了that，另一个宜用which。
Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library which was newly open to us.
我来给你看我从新开放的图书馆里借的一本小说。
当关系代词后面带有插入语时。
Here is the English grammar which, as have told you, will help improve your English.
这就是我跟你说过的会有助于你学好英语的那本英语语法书。Ⅲ、定语从句中宜用who而不宜用that的情况
先行词为one, ones, anyone或those时。
The person I want to learn from is one who studies hard and works well.
我要学习的那位同志是位学习勤奋、工作出色的同志。Anyone who failed to come to the meeting yesterday must give his reason.
凡是昨天没来开会的人必须陈述理由。
Those who are not fit for their work should leave office at once. 不称职的人应该马上辞职。
I don’t like the ones (= those) who talk big. 我不喜欢那些说大话的人。
一个句子中带有两个定语从句，其中一个定语从句的关系代词是that，另一个则宜用who，以免重复。
The student that was praised at yesterday’s meeting is the monitor who is very modest and works very hard. 昨天在会上受到表扬的学生是位谦虚好学的班长。
Ⅳ、“one of the+复数名词”后的定语从句中谓语单复数情况：1）one of the +复数名词这一结构后面的定语从句中的谓语动词通常用复数形式，跟定语从句所靠近的那个复数名词在数上保持一致。如：
That is one of the books that are required for study at school.
那是学校里要求学生学习的书籍之一。
This is one of the most wonderful novels that have been published since 1990.
这是自1990年以来出版的最精彩的小说之一。
She is one of the few persons who know Spanish.她是懂得西班牙语的少数几个人中的一位。
This is one of the most famous plays that were written in the thirties.
这是30年代写的最著名的剧本之一。
2）如果one of the +复数名词这一结构前面带有定冠词或the only之类的限定语，后面定语从句中的谓语动词则要用单数形式，这是因为定语从句在意义上修饰的是the one或the only one，而不是那个复数名词。如：
He is the one of the teachers who knows French in our school. 他是我校教师中惟一懂法语的人。（修饰the one）
试比较：He is one of the teachers who know French in our school.
他是我校懂法语的教师之一。（修饰the teachers）
This is the only one of the rooms that is free now.
这是这些房间中惟一没人住的一间。（修饰the only one）
试比较：This is one of the rooms that are free now. 这是目前没人住的房间之一。（修饰rooms）
三、关系副词
when、where、why引导定语从句时，既起连接作用，又在定语从句中充当状语。
When指时间，在定语从句中充当时间状语。如：
1. I still remember the day when I first came to Dalian. 我仍然记得第一次来大连那天的情景。
2. He told me the date when he joined the party. 他告诉了我他入党的时间。
3. They stayed with me for three weeks when they drank all the wine I had.
他们和我一起住了三个星期，在那三周里，把我所有的葡萄酒都喝光了。
where指地点、在定语从句中充当地点状语。如：
4. This is the house where we lived when we were young. 这就是我们小时候住的房子。
5. This is the village where I grew up. 这就是我长大的那个村庄。
6. Hangzhou is a city where there is a beautiful lake. 杭州是个有一个美丽的湖泊的城市。
Why指原因，在定语从句中充当原因状语。如：
7. I know the reason why he was late for the meeting. 我知道他开会迟到的原因。
8. Do you know the reason why he refused the invitation? 你知道他拒绝应邀的原因吗？
9. That is the reason why I’ve changed so much. 那就是我变化这么快的原因。
【注】如果先行词是表示时间或地点的名词，不能就一律断定要用关系副词when或where，务必要看引导词在从句中作什么成分，如果作状语，用关系副词，如做主语或宾语要用关系代词。如：
10. I’ll never forget the time when we worked together. 我将永远不会忘记我们一起工作的时光。（work是不及物动词，when 在定语从句中作状语，故用关系副词。）
11. I’ll never forget the time (which/that) we spent together. 我将永远不会忘记我们一起渡过的时光。
（spend是及物动词，which/that在定语从句中作宾语，故用关系代词，也可以省略。）
12. This is the factory where he worked before. 这是他以前工作过的工厂。
（work是不及物动词，where在定语从句中作状语。）
13. This is the factory which/that he visited before. 这是他以前参观过的工厂。
（visit是及物动词，which/that在从句中作宾语，亦可省略。）【注】同理，当reason做先行词时，也需注意其引导词在从句中作什么成分，不能断定一概用why来引导。如：
14. The reason why I was absent yesterday was that I was ill. 我昨天缺席的原因是我生病了。
（定语从句中缺状语，表示原因，故用关系副词why）
15. The reason that he explained for his being late was that he had missed the early bus.
他所解释的迟到的原因是他误了头班汽车。（explain是及物动词，that在从句中作其宾语）
四、介词+关系代词
关系副词可转化为介词+关系代词，即介词+which，因此上述例句可作如下转换：
句1.中when=on which
句2.中when=on which
句3.中when=during which (time) 句4.5.6.中where=in which
先行词是人时，用介词+whom，先行词是物时，用介词+which。如：
They arrived at a farm house in front of which sat a small boy. 他们来到一所农舍，农舍前面坐着一个小男孩。
That is the writer with whom I talked just now. 那就是刚才
和我谈话的作家。
介词的选择
1）根据动词、形容词的固定搭配确定。
The pencil-box on which I spent 10 yuan is lost. 我花10元钱买的文具盒丢了。
（on which是根据spend…on…的搭配）。
The two things of which Marx was not sure were grammar and some of the idioms.
马克思不太有把握的两项内容是语法和一些习惯用语。
（of which是根据be sure of的搭配）。
2）根据意思表达确定。
The gas with which doctors can save the patients is called oxygen.医生用来救护病人的气体叫氧气。
The gas without which we could not live is called oxygen. 没有它我们就不能生存的气体叫氧气。
介词的位置与关系代词
1）介词后的关系代词只能是which或whom，不能用that, which 或whom不能被省略。介词用于句尾时，关系代词用which、that、who或whom都行，而且还可能省略。如：This is the drawer in which I put my papers.
=This is the drawer (which/that) I put my papers in. 这就是我放文件的抽屉。
Is he the boy to whom you talked after school?
Is he the boy (whom/whom/that) you talked to after school?
他就是放学后你与之谈话的男孩吗？
2）当定语从句中的谓语动词是带介词或副词的固定短语动词时，不可把短语动词的各个部分拆开，也就是说不能将介词提前。如：These are the children whom you need to look after. 那些
就是你必须照看的孩子。
The post office which you are looking for is at the other end of the street.
你在寻找的邮局在大街的另一端。
五﹑在带有插入语的定语从句中who和whom的选用：
关系代词who/whom引导定语从句时，担任主语成分时用主格who，担任宾语成分用宾格whom，这点很简单，但有时它们引导的定语从句带有插入语，而该插入语后又不用逗号隔开，因此不易区分它是定语从句中的插入语还是定语从句中的主谓结构；这时就产生了用主格who还是用宾格whom这一困难。试比较和分析下列两组例句：
1. Jason is a man who I believe is honest. 我认为Jason是一个诚实的人。
（在定语从句who I believe is honest中，I believe是插入语，去掉该插入语剩下的便是Jason is a man who is honest，在语法及句意上都能成立，who是定语从句中动词is的主语，故用主格，不能用whom。）
2. Jason is a man whom I believe (to be) honest. 我认为Jason是一个诚实的人。
（在定语从句中whom I believe (to be) honest中，如把I believe 当作插入语而予以删掉的话，剩下的句子结构便成为Jason is a man whom (to be) honest，显然不合语法，因而I believe不是插入语，而是定语从句中的主谓结构，whom作believe的宾语，(to be) honest是whom的宾语补足语。）
3. The girl who we supposed was drowned came back. 我们以为淹死的那个女孩回来了。
（we supposed是插入语，因为去掉后，The girl who was drowned came back仍成立，who是谓语was drowned的主语，故不能用宾格形式whom。）
4. The girl whom we supposed (to be) drowned came back.
我们以为淹死的那个女孩回来了。
（如把we supposed当作插入语加以删掉，剩下的句子结构The girl whom (to be) drowned came back在语法上不能成立，故在这句中we supposed不是插入语而是定语从句的主谓成分，whom作supposed的宾语，（to be）drowned作whom的宾语补足语。）
六﹑限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的比较
从定语从句和它所修饰的先行词的关系来看，有限制性和非限制性的差别。限制性定语从句限定了先行词的范围和意义，这类从句不能省去。如果省去，剩下的部分（即主句）意思就会变得不清楚。这种定语从句和主句的关系十分密切，书写时中间不可用逗号分开。非限制性定语从句只起补充说明的作用，在意思上相当于一个并列的分句，如果省去，剩下的部分（即主句）意思仍然清楚。书写时，这种从句和主句之间往往用逗号分开。如：
定语从句 一、单项填空 1. ---Who is the man _____ was talking to our English teacher? ---Oh! It’s Mr Baker, our maths teacher. A. he B. that C. whom D. which 2. I hate the people ______ don’t help others when they are in trouble. A. who B. which C. they D. where 3. The foreigner _______ visited our school is from Canada. A. which B. when C. who D. whom 4. George Mallory was an English school teacher ______ loved climbing. A. who B. whom C. he D. which 5. This is the place _ ___I have ever visited. A. there B. when C. where D. which 6. Nobody knows the reason _____ she didn’t come to the meeting. A. that B. which C. why D. when 7. The moon is a world ____ there is no life. A. that B. which C. where D. why 8. He has forgotten the day ______ he arrived. A. when B. where C. that D. which 9. He still remembers the days _ __ he spent with your family. A. when B. where C. that D. on which 10. Mr. White, ___ _ car had been stolen, came to the policeman. A. who B. that C. whose D. which 11. He got to the village ______ his family once lived before liberation. A. that B. which C. when D. where 12. This is the house ______ I want to buy. A. in which B. that C. whose D. where 13. This is the house _____ our beloved Premier Zhou once lived and worked. A. which B. that C. when D. where 14. He didn’t tell me the place _____ he was born. A. that B. which C. when D. where 15. He lived in a small village, ____ was a long way from the railway station. A. that B. which C. where D. when 16. I work in a business ________ almost everyone is waiting for a great chance. A. how B. which C. where D. that 17. Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others, ______, of course, made the others envy him. A. who B. that C. what D. which 18. American women usually identify their best friend as someone _____they can talk frequently. A. who B. as C. about which D. with whom 19. The film brought the hours back to me _____ I was taken good care of in that far-away village. A. until B. that C. when D. where 20. The famous scientist grew up___ he was born and in 1930 he came to Shanghai. A. when B. whenever C. where D. wherever 21. A story goes ________ Elizabeth I of England liked nothing more than being surrounded by clever and qualified noblemen at court. A. when B. where C. what D. that 22. The Parkers bought a new house but ________ will need a lot of work before they can move in. A. they B. it C. one D. which 23. Is this factory __ a you worked at? A. the one B. which C. that D. where 24. Is this the factory ___ you worked? A. where B. which C. that D. the one 25. ---Does the teacher know everybody ______ planted the trees? ---Yes, he does. A. which B. whose C. where D. who 26. The letter _______ I received from him yesterday is very important. A. who B. where C. what D. that
定语从句在书面表达中的使用 一、定语从句的类型 1．关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词who, whom, whose, that, which, as引导的定语从句是写作的一大重点，尤其是which和as引导的非限制性定语从句在高考范文中更是屡见不鲜。 ①I can well remember an incident that happened on a rainy Sunday afternoon. ②Finally, I would like to ask a few questions about his personal life, which must be very interesting. ③Only those who spare no effort to confront problems can achieve what they long for. ④As an old saying goes, living without a clear and achievable aim is like sailing without a compass. 2．关系副词引导的定语从句 关系副词引导的定语从句是指when, where, why引导的定语从句。 ①During holiday seasons, I will live in the countryside, where air is fresh and people are friendly.②I think the reason why you are always angry may be the high pressure of study 3．“介词＋which/whom”引导的定语从句 ①Speaking and listening are very important for a language learning, by which you are sure to make great progress. ②I bought a great many books, on which I spent all my money that I saved. 1．因此，我认为我能得一个高分，这个分数能使我进入一个理想的大学。 ①So I suppose I can get a good mark, ________________________________________________________________________. ②____________________________________________________________________ _.(定语从句)。 3. 分词做状语______________________________________________________________________ 2．我们都喜欢我们的英语老师，我们已向她学习了很多东西。 ①We all like our English teacher.________________________________________________ __. ②_________________________________________________________________________________________.(定语从句) 3．我总是盼望着我独立的那一天。 ①I've always longed for the days, I ________________________________________________. ②____________________________________________________________________________.(定语从句) 4．事实上，我来这儿拜访我叔叔，目前他碰巧在你们城市工作。 ①As a matter of fact, I am here visiting my uncle. ____________________________________________________________________________. ②_______________________________________________________________________.(定语从句) 5．在几次我班的英语活动中我已帮助她，这受到老师和同学的欣赏。 ①I have lent a helping hand to her in several English activities of my class. ________________________________. ②I have lent a helping hand to her in several English activities of my class, ______________________________. 二、定语从句的常用句型 1．As we all know.../As is known to all...众所周知…… 众所周知，小孩和老年人都需要温暖和关心。_________________________________________________________. 2．As sb. puts it...按照某人所说的…… 按照他常说的，大学教育决定一个人的命运。_________________________________________________________ 3．such...as...像……这样的；诸如此类的…… 信不信由你，世界上没有免费午餐之类的事情___________________________________________________________ 4．As the old saying goes, ……常言道…… .常言道，熟能生巧。________________________________________________________________________. 5．the same...as.../the same as...像……一样的 她对他的方式和态度与以前完全一样。Her manner and attitudes towards him were quite the same ___________________________________. 6．one of the＋复数名词＋定语从句……中的一个 据我所知，你妹妹是通过考试的学生之一。__________________________________________________________. 7．the only one of the＋复数名词＋定语从句……中唯一的一个 格林先生是这些工人中唯一被邀请去北京的。________________________________________________________. 1．另外，正如古老的谚语所说，“赠人玫瑰，手有余香”。_____________________________________________.
英语定语从句简单总结 英语定语从句简单总结怎么写？相信很多人都想知道吧？以下是小编为您整理的英语定语从句简单总结相关资料，欢迎阅读！ 英语定语从句简单总结 定语从句在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，有时也可以修饰部分或整个句子。 被修饰的名词，词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引出。 关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which, as。 关系副词有：when, where, why, how。 关系代词和关系副词放在先行词和定语从句之间，起连接作用，同时又可做定语从句的一个成分。当关系代词做宾语时可以省略。 定语从句中的谓语动词必须在人称上和数量上和先行词保持一致。 定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。 关系代词引导的定语从句 1) who, whom, that 这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中所起作用如下： Is he the man who/that wants to see you?(who/that在从句中作主语) He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.(whom/that在从句中作宾语) 2) whose 用来指人或物，(只用作定语，若指物，它还可以同of which互换). 例如：Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green. 3) which, that 它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等. 例如：A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside.(which / that在句中作宾语)
定语从句在写作中的运用 Teaching Aims: 1、请给我解释一下你不辞而别的理由好吗？ Could you please give me a reason why you left without a word? 2、我们班是个大家庭，它由15位女生和21位男生组成。 Our class is a big family, which is made up of 15 girls and 21 boys. Our cl ass is a big family, which consists of 15 girls and 21 boys. 3.众所周知，北京是个繁华的城市，它有着悠久的历史。 As we all know, Beijing is a busy city, which has a long history. As is known to us all, Beijing is a busy city, which has a long history. 4、李明是个热心的孩子，他非常乐于助人。 Li Ming is a warm-hearted boy, who is willing to help others. Li Ming is a warm-hearted boy, who is ready to help others. 5、早晨，有很多人在公园里锻炼身体。 In the morning, there are many people who are taking exercise in the park. 6、2008年，中国将举办奥运会，这是一个令人兴奋的的消息。
【典型例题】 [例1] Friendship is needed by all, _____ plays an important role in people’s lives. A. which B. that C. who D. it 分析：_____ plays an important role in people’s lives为非限定性定语从句修饰先行词Friendship用which连接定语从句。 答案：A [例2] Uncle Li _____ I worked three years ago has retired now. A. who B. whom C. with whom D. to whom 分析：_____ I worked three years ago作为定语从句修饰先行词Uncle Li，从句完整的表达是：I worked with Uncle Li three years ago. 所以关系词前应加上介词with。 答案：C [例3] Is this the reason _____ at the meeting for his carelessness in his work ? A. he explained B. what he explained C. how he explained D. why he explained 分析：定语从句_____ at the meeting for his carelessness in his work修饰先行词the reason指“他在会上就他工作中的粗心解释的原因。先行词在从句中做宾语。 答案：A [例4] Teachers, _____ work is rather hard, are being better paid than before. A. who B. that C. which D. whose 分析：非限定性定语从句_____ work is rather hard修饰先行词teachers, 它与从句中的work是从属关系，关系词用whose 答案：D [例5 ] The Olympic Games , _____ in 776 BC, didn’t included women players until 1912. A. first playing B. to be first played C. first played D. to be first playing 分析：公元前776年被首次举行的奥运会，直到1912年才容纳女运动员。_____in 776 BC做定语修饰The Olympic Games，指过去的内容，表示被动。用done 做定语。 答案：C [例6] The houses _____ for the teachers and the construction work will start soon. A. built B. to be built C. to build D. being built
将定语从句转换为简单句 1.The man who you’re talking to is my friend. 2.I need a pen with which I can write a letter. 3.The man (whom) I talked about at the meeting is from Beijing University. 4.I live in a house far away from the city，in front of which is a big tree. 5.The engineer，whose leg was badly hurt，was quickly sent to hospital. 6.Do you know the gentleman who/that is sitting there？ 7.The man (whom ) I spoke with is my teacher. 8.She is the right girl (whom) we are looking for. 9.The house which/that was destroyed in the earthquake is weak. 10.The games (that/which) the young men competed in were difficult. 11. I still remember the time when I joined the League.
12.I still remember the school in which=where I joined the League. 13.This is the factory (which/that) he visited yesterday. 14.The reason why(for which) he was late is that he missed the bus. 15.This is the reason (that/ which) he gave/ explained to us. 16.I will never forget the day (which/that) I spent in Hongkong. 17.I will never forget the day when/on which Hongkong returned to its motherland. 18.The reason (that/which)he gave for not coming to school yesterday isn’t believable. 19.This is the best film that has been shown this year. 20.This is the first book (that) I borrow from the library. 21.He is the first student that/who came to school today. 22.He talked about the teachers and the school (that) he had visited.
定语从句在写作中的运用 1.contradiction n. Saying sth that conflicts with sth said or written by sb;disagreement反驳；矛盾 2.obstacle n. Thing which stands in the way and prevents progress 障碍； 阻碍 3.approval n. Showing or saying that one thinks sth is good or acceptable or satisfactory 赞成；承认 4.revelation n. Making known sth that was secret or hidden;revealing 启示；揭 示 5.critic n. Person who evaluates and describes the quality of sth,esp works of art,literature,music,etc 批评家；评论家 6.sponsor n. Person who agrees to be responsible for sth; person who puts forward a preposal;sports eent, etc,usually in return for advertising 担保人；发起人； 赞助者 7. merchant n. Person who buys and sells goods in large quantities 商人 8.Burglar n. Person who breaks into houses,shops,etc in order to steal 窃贼 9.Sequence n. Order in which things or events follow one another 顺序；序列 10.Squirrel n. Small tree-climbing animal with long furry tail that eats nuts and also stores them for the winter 松鼠 一、写作中常用的几种定语从句 1．关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词who，whom，whose，that，which，as引导的定语从句是写作的一大重点，尤其是which和as引导的非限制性定语从句在高考范文中更是屡见不鲜。 Actually, we can't succeed in everything that we try. (2014·福建高考满分作文) A sailor who has experienced no storm will never become an excellent sailor.(2013·福建高考满分作文) 没经历过暴风雨的水手永远不会成为一名优秀的水手。 I am deeply impressed by the great changes that have taken place in the school over the past three years (2011·福建高考满分作文) . Everyone of you is expected to be part of the event which encourages creative minds and gives full play to your DIY skills. (2014·辽宁高考满分作文)
英语定语从句简单总结 多用who 的情况 ①关系代词在从句中做主语 A friend who helps you in time of need is a real friend. ②先行词为those, people 时 Those who were either fools or unfit for their offices could not see the cloth. ③先行词为all, anyone, ones, one 指人时 One who doesnt work hard will never succeed in his work. ④在There be句型中There is a stranger who wants to see you. ⑤在被分隔的定语从句中 A new teacher will come tomorrow who will teach you German. ⑥在有两个定语从句的句子中，其一用who，其二用that,但若先行词后接两个以上的并列定语从句时，后一个必须重复前一个关系代词。 The student who was praised at the meeting is the monitor that is very modest and studies very hard. There is a teacher who is always ready to help others and who enjoys what he does. 只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况
a)在不定代词，如：anything, nothing, everything, all, much, few, any, little等作先行词时，只用that，不用which。 All that is needed is a supply of oil. Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police. b)先行词有the only, the very, the just修饰时，只用that。 He is the very man that helped the girl out of the water. c)先行词为序数词先行词既有人，又有物时。 He talked about the teachers and schools that he visited. e)当主句是以who 或which 开始的特殊疑问句时，用that 以避免重复。 Who is the person that is standing at the gate. f)关系代词在从句中做表语 He is not the man that he used to be. 关系副词引导的定语从句 关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点、方式或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。 关系副词when, where, why, how的含义相当于介词+ which 结构，因此常常和介词+ which结构交替使用. 例如：
定语从句课堂辅助练习 一：先行词是人的定语从句： 1. Is he the man wants to see you? 2. He is the professor I met yesterday. 3. The famous film star,has played many roles, will act as a blind woman in her next film. 4. The man I would turn when I am in trouble is my Chinese teacher. 5. This is the student I like to play. 6. The girl I didn ' t agree is one of the studentho- study hard in our class. 7. He is the teacher son is a soldier. 8. He is the teacher son we all like. 9. He is the teacher son we often like to argue. 10. He is the teacher class my son study. 11. There are about 15 teachers in our grade, some are women teachers. 12. There are about 15 teachers in our grade, the teaching we get to accept. 13. She is the girl parents are both teachers in our school. 14. She is the girl the parents are both teachers in our school. 15. She is one of the students( know) my secret. 16. She is the only one of the students(know)my secret. 17. Lingling is my best friend, with the help I have made some progress in my study. 18. The boys ,the tallest could not reach the shelf, went to look for sth to stand on. 19. He has three uncles , none is a doctor. 20. She wrote a letter to her husband,she missed a lot. 二：先行词是物的定语从句： 1. The house lies in the back of our classroom is the teachers ' office. 2. The house door faces north is our teachers ' office. 3. The house the door faces north is our teachers ' office. 4. The house on door there is " Be Quiet " is our teachers ' office. 5. These are all the things I can get for you. 6. The only thing can do is to wait. 7. I can still remember the first toy my mother bought for me. 8. There is nothing can keep me back.. 9. They are the very things make us interested. 10. We should care more about the people and the things are around us. 11. The manager is warm-hearted,-in company my father works. 12. These are the situations- we often feel nervous. 13. This is the way I solve problems. 14. There are a large number of books in our school library,-some-are written in English. 三.特殊情况下that/which的用法： 1. This is one of the best books. a. that have ever been written b. that has ever been written c. that has ever written d. that are written 2. The River Thames,flows through London, is more than two hundred miles long. a. where b. that c. which d. in which 3. Yesterday he told me the people and interesting things he had seen in America. a. which b. whom c. what d./ 4. Anybody lives near the sea is lucky. a. / b. which c. that d. whose 5. This is the best book I have ever read. a. that b. in which c. of which d. which 6. Tom and his dog were here a moment ago have disappeared now. Where can they be? a. which b. who c. that d. whose 7. Tom ' s brother,lives in New York, is an engineer.
定语从句练习题（基础版） 一、单项填空 1. ---Who is the man _______ was talking to our English teacher? ---Oh! It’s Mr. Baker, our math teacher. A. he B. that C. whom D. which 2. I hate the people ________ don’t help others when they are in trouble. A. who B. which C. they D. where 3. The foreigner _________ visited our school is from Canada. A. which B. when C. who D. whom 4. George Mallory was an English school teacher _______ loved climbing. A. who B. whom C. he D. which 5. Mr. White, ______ car had been stolen, came to the policeman. A. who B. that C. whose D. which 6. This is the house _______ I want to buy. A. in which B. that C. whose D. where 7. The letter _______ I received from him yesterday is very important. A. who B. where C. what D. that 8. ---Where is the scientist ________ gave us the talk yesterday? ---He has gone back to Qinghua University. A. whom B. who C. whose D. which 9. I hate people _______ talk much but do little. A. whose B. whom C. which D. who 10. Do you know a boy ______ sister is a nurse in a hospital? A. who B. that C. whom D. whose 二、选词填空who/ that/ which/ whose/whom 1. The boys________ are playing football are from Class One. 2. Those ______ want to go to the museum must be at the school gate at tomorrow. 3. Mr Liu is the person ________ you talked about on the bus. 4. The professor ________ you are waiting for has come. 5. Football is a game _______is liked by most boys. 6. He likes to read books ________ are written by foreign writers. 7. This is the pen _______ he bought yesterday. 8. We’ll go to hear the famous singer _______ we have often talked. 9. Where is the man _________ I saw this morning?
定语从句在写作中的运用--教师
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定语从句在写作中的运用 根据所掌握的定语从句的知识，熟练地使用定语从句也是高考英语写作的一项基本要求。定语从句属于较为复杂的语法结构,根据内容要点在短文中适当地运用定语从句有助于提高写作的得分。 Ⅰ．合并句子 把下面各题中的句子合并为一个含有定语从句的主从复合句 1．a．Ｓeeing thｅse ｃhanｇes，we ｃａnｎot ｆorgeｔthem． b. Tｈey gavｅuｓｕnseｌｆish ｈelp when ｗｅwere in trouｂle． Seｅing thｅse ｃhａngeｓ, ｗe caｎｎot forｇeｔthoｓe whｏgavｅｕｓuｎselｆish ｈelｐｗｈｅn we wｅｒe in trｏuble. 2.a. I fｅel greatlｙhonｏred tｏhoｓｔthｅcoｎtest. b. The conteｓt iｓｓpｏｎsored by ｔhe Stｕdenｔs' Union. Ｉｆｅeｌgreatｌy hoｎoｒｅd to hｏｓt thｅcｏntｅst, whｉcｈis ｓponsｏreｄby thｅSｔuｄentｓ' Ｕnion. ３．a.Ｔheyｓent ｔhe eldｅrｌy somｅｆrｕｉts,cｌｅaｎｅd thｅr ｏomｓａｎd ｈad a gooｄchat wiｔh tｈem. ｂ.Thｅｅｌdeｒｌｙalｗayｓfeel lonｅlｙ. Ｔｈeyｓeｎｔthe ｅlderｌy ｗho aｌwａys fｅeｌlonｅly sｏmｅfｒ ｕitｓ，ｃleanｅd thｅroｏmsａnd had a gooｄｃhaｔｗith ｔheｍ. ４.ａ．The liｂｒary is nｏｔｆaｒｆｒｏm herｅ. b.Thｅwｒiter ｏften doｅs soｍe ｒeaｄｉng theｒe. Ｔhe ｌibｒarｙwhｅre the writｅr oｆｔen does someｒeａding is no ｔfar from here. 5.ａ．I’ve aｌｗaｙs lｏｎged fｏr ｔｈｅdays. b. I will ｂe ａｂle ｔｏbeｉndｅpendｅｎt then. Ｉ've ａlｗaｙs longed for tｈe ｄays when I wilｌbe ａbｌｅtｏbe iｎｄｅｐenｄent． II. 改写句子 “I ｓｅｅmany ruｎninｇcreａturｅs. Thｅｙare made oｆmｅtａl a ｎｄgｌａss．Their feｅt ａre ｒound. Ｔhey ｈavｅfouｒeｙｅs. Two of the four eyes are rｅｄ．InsiｄｅI ｓｅe soft sｈａｐes. Thｅy cａn mo ｖe.” I seｅmａny ruｎninｇcｒeatｕres ｗｈich ／that are made ｏf mｅtal and gｌａss. Thｅir feet aｒe ｒｏund and they hａve foｕr eyes, tｗｏo ｆwhｉch are reｄ．Inside I ｓee soft ｓｈaｐeｓthat cａｎmove．Our cｌass is a big ｆａmily ;Iｔconsistｓｏf 1２girｌs aｎd 50 boys. Moｓｔof tｈemａrｅmａinｌy from tｈe countryｓiｄe．Zhao Ｑｉang iｓａkｉnd－hｅａrted boy. Heｉs ａlｗayｓrｅadｙtoｈelp otheｒｓ. He is s