boiler 锅炉
boiler unit 锅炉机组
stationary boiler 固定式锅炉
steam boiler/generator 蒸汽锅炉
utility boiler 电站锅炉
industrial boiler 工业锅炉
hot water boiler 热水锅炉
indoor boiler 室内锅炉
ourdoor boiler 露天锅炉
package boiler 快装锅炉
shop-assembled boiler 组装锅炉
field-assembled boiler 散装锅炉
field-erected boiler
supercritical pressure boiler 超临界压力锅炉subcritical pressure boiler 亚临界压力锅炉superhigh pressure boiler 超高压锅炉
high pressure boiler 高压锅炉
medium pressure boiler 中压锅炉
low pressure boiler 低压锅炉
natural circulation boiler 自然循环锅炉forced circulation boiler 强制循环锅炉assisted circulation boiler 辅助循环锅炉controlled circulation boiler 控制循环锅炉once-through boiler 直流锅炉
combined circulation boiler 复合循环锅炉low circulation-ratio boiler 低循环倍率锅炉solid-fuel fired boiler 固体燃料锅炉liquid-fuel fired boiler 液体燃料锅炉
coal fired boiler 燃煤锅炉
oil fired boiler 燃油锅炉
gas fired boiler 燃气锅炉
multi-fuel fired boiler 混烧锅炉
boiler with dry-ash furnace 固态排渣锅炉
boiler with dry-bottom furnace
boiler with slag-tap furnace 液态排渣锅炉
boiler with wet-bottom furnace supercharged boiler 增压锅炉
water tube boiler 水管锅炉
cross drum boiler 横锅筒(汽包)锅炉
longitudinal drum boiler 纵锅筒(汽包)锅炉
shell boiler 锅壳锅炉
horizontal boiler 卧式锅壳锅炉
vertical boiler 立式锅炉
stationary boiler of locomotive type 固定式机车锅炉
锅炉专业英语分类对照π-type boiler(two-pass boiler) π型锅炉
box-type boiler 箱型锅炉
tower boiler 塔型锅炉
D-type boiler D型锅炉
rated capacity 额定蒸发量
nominal capacity
maximum continuous rating 最大连续蒸发量
rated heating capacity 额定供热量
nominal steam condition 额定蒸汽参数
nominal steam parameter
nominal steam pressure 额定蒸汽压力nominal steam temperature 额定蒸汽温度(nominal) hot water temperature 热水温度feed water temperature 给水温度
return water temperature 回水温度circulation circuit 循环回路
steam generating circuit
steam purification 蒸汽净化
steam temperature control 汽温调节
feed water 给水
condensate 凝结水
make-up water 补给水
boiler water 锅水;炉水
boiling crisis 沸腾换热恶化
as-fired fuel 炉前燃料
fire bed 火床
fuel bed
fire line 最高火界
additive 添加剂
flue gas dew point 烟气露点
boiler circulation 水循环
mechanical carry-over 机械携带moisture carry-over
vaporous carry-over 溶解携带
water separation 汽水分离
steam washing 蒸汽清洗stage evaporation 分段蒸发
pressurized firing 压力燃烧
negative-pressure firing 负压燃烧
grate firing 火床燃烧
suspension firing 火室燃烧;悬浮燃烧tangential firing 切向燃烧
opposed firing 对冲燃烧
cyclone-furnace firing 旋风燃烧
fluidized-bed combustion 沸腾燃烧
gas recirculation 烟气再循环
natural draft 自然通风
mechanical draft 机械通风
balanced draft 平衡通风
forced draft 正压通风
induced draft 负压通风
zone control 分段送风
pressure atomization 压力雾化;机械雾化mechanical atomization
twin-fluid atomization 双流体雾化
rotary-cup atomization 旋杯雾化;转杯雾化direct leakage 直接泄漏
infiltration leakage
bypass leakage 间接泄漏
entrained leakage
boiler proper 锅炉本体
heating surface 受热面
radiant heating surface 辐射受热面
convection heating surface 对流受热面
pressure part 受压部件;受压元件
cylindrical shell 筒体
head 封头;端盖
header 集箱;联箱
tube panel 管屏
up flow riser tube panel 垂直上升管屏
ribbon panel 回带管屏
spirally-wound tubes 水平围绕管圈
tube bundle 管束
gas pass 烟道
gas duct
convection pass 对流烟道
parallel gas passes 并联烟道
air duct 风道
arch 拱
furnace arch 折焰角
water-cooled hopper bottom 冷灰斗
wall with refractory lining 卫燃带
refractory belt
supporting tube 悬吊管
design pressure 设计压力
maximum allowable working pressure 最高允许工作压力
maximum allowable metal temperature 最高许用壁温
furnace enclosure design pressure 炉膛设计压力
heat input 输入热量heat output 锅炉有效利用热量
fuel consumption 燃料消耗量
calculated fuel consumption 计算燃料消耗量
ash-retention efficiency 排渣率
load range at constant temperature (保持)额定汽温的负荷范围
injection flow(rate) 喷水量
blowdown flow(rate) 排污量
theoretical air 理论空气量
excess air ratio 过量空气系数
hot air temperature 热风温度
exhaust gas temperature 排烟温度
theoretical combustion temperature 理论燃烧温度adiabatic temperature
furnace outlet gas temperature 炉膛出口烟气温度furnace exit gas temperature
pressure drop 汽水阻力
draft loss 通风阻力
pressure drop
stack draft 自生通风压头
available static head 运动压头
circulation ratio 循环倍率
circulation velocity 循环水速
steam quality by mass 质量含汽率;干度
mass velocity 质量流速
critical steam quality 临界含汽率
steam quality at minimum heat transfer coefficient 最高壁温处含汽率
furnace volume 炉膛容积
furnace volume heat release rate 炉膛容积热负荷
heat liberation rate in furnace
furnace cross-section heat release rate 炉膛截面积热负荷
furnace plan heat release rate
burner zone wall heat release rate 燃烧器区域炉壁热负荷
furnace wall heat release rate 炉壁热负荷furnace wall heat flux density 炉壁热流密度critical heat flux density 临界热流密度
grate heat release rate 炉排(面积)热负荷burner heat input 燃烧器热功率
ignition energy 点火能量
evaporation rate 受热面蒸发率
percentage of economizer evaporation 省煤器沸腾率
primary air 一次风
secondary air 二次风
tertiary air 三次风
imaginary circle 假想切圆
percentage of air space 通风截面比
fineness 煤粉细度explosion mixture limits 爆炸界限
furnace 炉膛;炉胆
fire box 火箱
smoke box 烟箱
burner 燃烧器tilting burner 摆动式燃烧器
igniter 点火器
oil atomizer 油雾化器
register 调风器
stabilizer 稳燃器
wind box 风箱
burner port 燃烧器喷口
burner quarl
grate 炉排
hand-fired grate 手烧炉排
stoker-fired grate 机械炉排
mechanical stoker
travelling grate stoker 链条炉排
chain grate stoker 链带式炉排
bar grate stoker 横梁式炉排
louvre stoker 鳞片式炉排
vibrating stoker 振动炉排
inclined reciprocating grate 往复炉排spreader stoker 抛煤机
air compartment 风室
reinjection system 飞灰复燃装置
drum 锅筒;汽包
steam drum 上锅筒
water drum 下锅筒
shell 锅壳
drum internals 锅筒内部装置;汽包内部装置steam washer 清洗装置
cyclone separator 旋风分离器
turbo separator 轴流式分离器
baffle plate 缝隙挡板
corrugated scrubber 百叶窗分离器
screen separator 钢丝网分离器
perforated distribution plate 多孔板
dry pipe 集汽管
evaporating heating surface 蒸发受热面
water-cooled wall 水冷壁
membrane wall 膜式水冷壁
division wall 双面水冷壁
anti-clinker box 防焦箱
gererating tube bank 锅炉管束boiler convection tube bank
boiler (slag) screen 防渣管
fire tube;smoke tube 烟管;火管
mixer 混合器
superheater 过热器
radiant superheater 辐射过热器
wall superheater 墙式过热器
platen superheater 屏式过热器
convection surperheater 对流过热器
steam-cooled wall 包墙过热器
steam-cooled roof 顶棚管过热器
reheater 再热器
attemperator 减温器
desuperheater surface type attemperator 面式减温器
surface type desuperheater
spray type attemperator 喷水减温器
spray type desuperheater
biflux 汽-汽热交换器
reheater superheater attemperator
bypass damper 旁路挡板
economizer 省煤器
steaming economizer 沸腾式省煤器
steel tube economizer 钢管省煤器
finned tube economizer 鳍片管省煤器
cast-iron gilled tube economizer 铸铁省煤器
air heater 空气预热器
tubular air heater 管式空气预热器
rotary air heater 回转式空气预热器
regenerative air heater
rotating-plate type regenerative air heater 受热面回转式预热器
Ljungstrom type air heater
stationary-plate type regenerative air heater 风罩回转式预热器
rothemuhle type air heater
steam air heater 暖风器
boiler structure 锅炉构架
top-supported structure by beams 支承式锅炉构架
top-supported structure by hangers 悬吊式锅炉构架
buckstay 刚性梁
inner casing 内护板
outer casing 外护板
boiler steam and water circuit 锅炉汽水系统boiler external piping 锅炉范围内管道
start-up system 启动系统
start-up flash tank 启动分离器safety valve 安全阀safety relief valve 安全泄放阀
water level indicator 水位表
injector 注水器
boiler setting 炉墙
soot blower 吹灰器
slag removal equipment 除渣设备
boiler efficiency 锅炉效率;锅炉热效率
boiler operating availability 锅炉可用率
boiler forced outage rate 锅炉事故率
feed water condition 给水品质
steam purity 蒸汽品质
moisture in steam 蒸汽湿度
boiler water concentration 锅水浓度;炉水浓度total dissolved salt 总含盐量
total solid (matter) 全固形物
dissolved solid (matter) 溶解固形物suspended solid (matter) 悬浮物
total hardness (总)硬度
alkalinity 碱度
heat loss 热损失
heat loss due to exhaust gas 排烟热损失heat loss due to unburned gases 气体(化学)未
完全燃烧热损失
heat loss due to unburned carbon in refuse 固体(机械)未完全燃烧热损失
heat loss due to radiation 散热损失
heat loss due to sensible heat in slag 灰渣物理热
损失
unburned combustible in flue dust 飞灰可燃物含量;飞灰含碳量
unburned carbon in flue dust
unburned combustible in slag 炉渣可燃物含量;炉渣含碳量
unburned carbon in slag
unburned combustible in sifting 漏煤可燃物含量dust loading 烟气含尘量
dust density
load range of boiler 锅炉负荷调节范围
turndown ratio 燃烧器调节比
air leakage factor 漏风系数
set pressure 整定压力
start-to-discharge pressure 前泄压力
popping pressure 起座压力
reseating pressure 回座压力
blowdown 回座压差
discharge capacity 排放量;排汽能力
boiler efficiency test 锅炉效率试验;锅炉热效率试验
hydrostatic test 水压试验
hydrostatic deformation test 验证性水压试验air leakage test 漏风试验
pressure decay test 风压试验
load test 负荷试验
circulation test 水循环试验
thermal chemical test 热化学试验sounding of tube by balls 通球试验
safety valve operating test 安全阀校验
flue gas analysis 烟气分析
Orsat (gas analyser) 奥氏(烟气)分析器suction pyrometer 抽气式热电偶(高温计)venturi pneumatic pyrometer 气力式高温计heat flux meter 热流计
start-up 启动
filling 上水
water level 水位
initial water level 点火水位
purge 吹扫
blowoff 放水
drain 疏水
blowdown 排污
raising pressure 升压
bringing a boiler onto the line 并汽
start-up pressure 启动压力
start-up flow rate 启动流量
shutdown 停炉
outage
out of service 停用
banking fire 压火storage 停炉保护
chemical cleaning 化学清洗
boiling-out (碱)煮炉
flushing 冲管
steam-line blowing 吹管passivating 钝化
drying-out 烘炉
flow stagnation 停滞
flow reversal 倒流
separation of two-phase fluid 汽水分层steam binding 汽塞
steam blanketing
priming 汽水共腾
foaming 泡沫共腾
external deposit 烟气侧沉积物internal deposit 汽水侧沉积物slagging 结渣fouling 积灰
clogging 堵灰
pitting attack 点状腐蚀
ductile gouging 延性腐蚀
hydrogen damage 氢脆
caustic embrittlement 苛性脆化
high temperature corrosion 高温腐蚀low temperature corrosion 低温腐蚀overheating 超温;过热
flashback 回火
blow off 脱火
loss of ignition 熄火;灭火
furnace explosion 炉膛爆炸
furnace implosion 炉膛内爆
furnace puff 炉膛爆燃
blow hole 火口
secondary combustion 二次燃烧
1.parameter/参数
rated capacity 额定蒸发量
nominal capacity
maximum continuous rating 最大连续蒸发量rated heating capacity 额定供热量nominal steam condition 额定蒸汽参数nominal steam parameter
nominal steam pressure 额定蒸汽压力nominal steam temperature 额定蒸汽温度(nominal)hot water temperature 热水温度feed water temperature 给水温度
return water temperature 回水温度circulation circuit 循环回路
steam generating circuit
steam purification 蒸汽净化
steam temperature control 汽温调节
feed water 给水
condensate 凝结水
make-up water 补给水
boiler water 锅水,炉水
boiling crisis 沸腾换热恶化as-fired fuel 炉前燃料
fire bed,fuel bed 火床
fire line 最高火界
additive 添加剂
flue fas dew point 烟气露点
Components for CFBC boiler (CFBC锅炉的主要部件)2.基本工作原理
boiler circulation 水循环
mechanical carry - over 机械携带
moisture carry - over
vaporous carry - over 溶解携带
water separation 汽水分离
steam washing 蒸汽清洗
stage evaporation 分段蒸发
pressurized firing 压力燃烧
negative - pressure firing 负压燃烧
grate firing 火床燃烧
suspension firing 火室燃烧,悬浮燃烧
tangential firing 切向燃烧
opposed firing 对冲燃烧
cyclone - furnace firing 旋风燃烧
fluidized - bed combustion 沸腾燃烧
gas recirculation 烟气再循环
natural draft 自然通风
mechanical draft 机械通风
balanced draft 平衡通风
forced draft 正压通风
induced draft 负压通风
zone control 分段送风
pressure atomization 压力雾化,机械雾化mechanical atomization
twin-fluid atomization 双流体雾化
rotary-cup atomization 旋杯雾化,转杯雾化
direct leakage 直接泄漏
infiltration leakage
bypass leakage 间接泄漏
entrained leakage
3.structure/结构
boiler proper 锅炉本体
heating surface 受热面
radiant heating surface 辐射受热面
convection heating surface 对流受热面
pressure part 受压部件/元件
cylidrical shell 筒体
head(drum)封头
head(heater)端盖
header 集箱
tube panel 管屏
up flow riser tube panel 垂直上升管屏ribbon panel 回带管屏
spirally - wound tubes 水平围绕管圈
tube bundle 管束
gas pass ,gas duct 烟道炉内/炉外
convection pass 对流烟道parallel gas pass 并联烟道
air duct 风道
arch 拱
furnace arch 折焰角
water - cooled hopper bottom 冷灰斗
wall with refractory lining 卫燃带
refractory belt
supporting tube 悬吊管
4.设计参数和指标
design pressure 设计压力
maximum allowable working pressure 最高允许工作压力
maximum allowable metal temperature 最高许用壁温
furnace enclosure design pressure 炉膛设计压力
heat input 输入热量
heat output 锅炉有效利用热量
fuel consumption 燃料消耗量
calculated fuel consumption 计算燃料消耗量
ash-retention efficiency 排渣率
额定汽温的负荷范围
injection flow(rate) 喷水量
blowdown flow(rate) 排污量
theoretical air 理论空气量
excess air ratio 过量空气系数
hot air tempereture 热风温度
exhaust gas tempereture 排烟温度
theoretical combustion tempereture 理论燃烧温度adiabatic tempereture
furnace outlet gas tempereture 炉膛出口烟气温度funace exit gas tempereture
pressure drop 汽水阻力
draft loss (用于负压燃烧)通风阻力
pressure drop(压力燃烧)
stack draft 自生通风压头
available static head 运动压头
circulation ratio 循环倍率
circulation velocity 循环水速
steam quality by mass 质量含汽率,干度
mass velocity 质量流速
critical steam quality 临界含汽率steam quality at minimum heat transfer coefficient 最高壁温处含汽率
furnace volume 炉膛容积
furnace volume heat release rate 炉膛容积热负荷heat liberation rate in furnace
furnace cross-section heat release 炉膛截面积热负荷
furnace plan heat release rate
burner zone wall heat release rate 燃烧器区域热负荷
furnace wall heat release rate 炉壁热负荷
fernace wall heat flux density 炉壁热流密度
critical heat flux density 临界热流密度
grate heat release rate 炉排(面积)热负荷
burner heat input 燃烧器热功率ignition energy 点火能量
evaporation rate 受热面蒸发率
percentage of economizer evaporation 省煤器沸腾率
Primary air 一次风
Secondary air 二次风
imaginary circle 假想切圆
percentage of air space 通风截面积
fineness 煤粉细度
explosion mixture limits 爆炸界限
5.主要零部件,元件和附件
炉膛和燃烧设备
furnace 炉膛
fire box 火箱
smoke box 烟箱
burner 燃烧器
tilting burner 摆动式燃烧器
igniter 点火器
oil atomizer 油雾化器
register 调风器
stabilizer 稳燃器
Wind box 风箱
burner port/burner fquarrel 燃烧器喷口
grate 炉排
inclined reciprocating grate 往复炉排
pnleum 风室
6.drum & drum internal 锅筒及其内部装置
drum 锅筒
steam drum 上锅筒/汽包
water drum 下锅筒
shell 锅壳
drum linternals 锅筒/汽包内部装置steam washer 清洗装置
cyclone scrubber 旋风分离器
turbo separator 轴流式分离器
baffle plate 波形板
coffugated scrubbber 百叶窗分离器
screen separator 钢丝分离器
perforated distribution plate 多孔板
dry pipe 集汽管
7.evaporating heating surface/蒸发受热面
evaporating heating surface 蒸发受热面
water-cooled wall 水冷壁
membrane wall 膜式水冷壁
division wall 双面水冷壁
anti -clinker box 防焦箱
generating tube bank 锅炉管束
boiler convection tube bank 锅炉管束
boiler (slag) screen 放渣管
smoke tube 火管
mixer 混合器
8.superheater &reheater/ 过热器及再热器
superheater 过热器
radiant superheater 辐射过热器wall superheater 包墙过热器
platen superheater 屏式过热器
convection superheater 对流过热器
steam-cooled wall 汽冷包墙
steam -cooled roof 汽冷顶棚
reheater 再热器
attemperator 减温器
surface type attemperator 面式减温器
Spray type attemperator 喷水减温器
bypass damper 旁路挡板
biflux 汽-汽热交换器
9.economizer 省煤器
economizer 省煤器
steam economizer 沸腾式省煤器
steel tube economizer 钢管省煤器
finned tube economizer 鳍片省煤器
cast-lron economizer 铸铁省煤器
10.air heater / 空气预热器
air heater 空气预热器tubular air heater 管式空气预热器
steam air heater 暖风管
11.structure / 构架
boiler structure 锅炉构架
top-supported struture by beams 支撑式锅炉构架
top -supported structure by hangers 悬吊式锅炉构架
buckstay 刚性梁
inner casing 内护板
outer casing 外护板
12.piping & accessory / 管道及附件
boiler steam and water circuit 锅炉汽水系统boiler external piping 锅炉范围内管道
start-up system 启动系统
start-up flash tank 启动排污罐
safety valve 安全阀
safety relief valve 安全泄放阀
water level indicator 水位表
injector 注水器
level switch 电接点水位计
13.Others 其他
boiler setting 炉墙
soot blower 吹灰器
slag removal equipment 除渣设备
14.technic index/ 技术指标
boiler efficiency 锅炉效率(热效率)
boiler operating availability 锅炉可用率
boiler forced outage rate 锅炉事故率
feed water condition 给水品质
steam purity 蒸汽品质
moisture in steam 蒸汽湿度
boiler water concentration 锅水浓度,炉水浓度total dissolved salt 总含盐量
tatal solid(matter)全固形物
dissolved solid(matter) 溶解固形物suspended solid(matter) 悬浮物
tatal hardness (总)硬度
alkalinity 碱度
heat loss 热损失
heat loss due to exhaust gas 排烟热损失
heat loss due to unburned gases 气体(化学)未完全燃烧热损失
heat loss due to unburned carbon in refuse 固体(机械)未完全燃烧热损失heat loss due to flue dust 散热损失
heat loss due to sensible heat in slag 灰渣物理热损失
undurned combustible in flue dust 飞灰可燃物含量
undurned cabon in flue dust 飞灰含碳量
undurned cabon in slag 炉渣含碳量
undurned combustible in sifting 漏煤可燃物含量
dust loading/dust density 烟气含尘量
load range of bioler 锅炉负荷调节范围
turndown ratio 燃烧器调节比
air leakage factor 漏风系数
set pressure 整定压力
start-to-discharge pressure 前泄压力
popping pressure 起座压力
reseating pressure 回座压力
blowdown 回座压差
discharge capacity 排放量。排泄能力
undurned combustible in slag 炉渣可燃物含量
15.test/测试及检验方法
test 试验
boiler efficiency test 锅炉效率(热效率)试验hydrostatic test 水压试验
hydrostatic deformation test 验证性水压试验air leakage test 漏风试验
pressure decay test 风压试验
load test 负荷试验
circulation test 水循环试验
thermal chemical test 热化学试验sounding of tube by balls 通球试验
safety valve operating test 安全阀校验
flue gas analysis 烟气分析
orsat(gas analysar) 奥氏(烟气)分析器suction pyrometer 抽气式热电偶(高温计)venturi pneumatic pyrometer 气力式高温计heat flux meter 热流计
16.operating & maintenance/ 运行维护
strat-up 启动
filling 上水
water level 水位
initial water level 点火水位
purge 吹扫
blowoff 放水
drain 疏水
boiling out (碱)煮炉blowdown 排污raising pressure 升压
bringing a boiler onto the line 并汽start -up pressure 启动压力
start-up flow rate 启动流量shutdown/outage 停炉
out of service 停用
banking fire 压火
storage 停炉保护
chemical cleaning 化学清洗
flushing 冲管
steam-line blowing 吹管passivating 钝化
drying -out 烘炉
17.failure/故障
flow stagnation 停滞
flow reversal 倒流
separation of two-phase fluid 汽水分层steam binding /steam blackieting 汽塞priming 汽水共腾
foaming 泡沫共腾
external deposit 烟气侧沉积物internal deposit 汽水侧沉积物slagging 结渣
fouling 积灰
clogging 堵灰
pitting 延性腐蚀
ductile gouging 点状腐蚀
hydronen damage 氢脆
caustic embrittlement 苛性脆化
higt temperature corrosion 高温腐蚀
low temperature corrosion 低温腐蚀
overheating 超温过热
flashback 回火
blow off 脱火
loss of ignition 熄火,灭火
furnace explosion 炉膛爆炸
furnace implosion 炉膛内爆
furnace puff 炉膛爆燃
blow hole 火口
secondary combustion 再燃烧
18.技术规范中常用
Technical Specification 技术规范ITB(Inquiry tender book) 询价书
Fabrication 制作,制造
Commissioning 试车,试运行
Erection 安装
Procurement(purchase v) 采购
Deviation and Clarification 偏离和澄清
Performance Acceptance 性能验收
Petroleum Coke( Coke ) 石油焦
PEROCHEMICAL 石化
Schedule 进度(表)
Sulphur capture (Desulphurizer) 脱硫
Anthracite 无烟煤
Bituminous coal 烟煤
Activated sludge 活性污泥Limestone 石灰石
Ethylene 乙烯
Boiler Island 锅炉岛
Boiler proper 锅炉本体
Scope of supply 供货范围
Auxiliaries 辅助设备
Submittal n. (Submit v.) 提交
Reliability 可靠性
Approval n. (Approve) 批准,认可Construction 施工,建设
Tank truck 罐车
Belt conveyor 皮带输送机
Ash bin (silo) 灰仓
Single drum 单锅筒
Balace draft 平衡通风
Outdoor arrangement 露天布置
DCS(ditributed control system) 集散控制系统Design/check fuel 设计/校核燃料
ultimate analysis 最终分析
Carbon 碳
Hydrogen 氢
Nitrogen 氮
Oxygen 氧
Moisture 水份
Volatile 挥发份
Grindability coefficient 可磨性系数
LHV(Low heating value) 低位发热值
Hydrocarbon 碳氢化合物
Alkali oxidizaton 碱性氧化物
Make up water 补水
Engler Viscosity 恩氏粘度Kinematics viscosity 动力粘度
Sixteen alkane value 十六烷值
Close flash point 闭口闪点
Dew point 露点
Demineralization 除盐
Hydrazine 联氨
Furnace volumetric Heat Release Rate 容积热负荷
Furnace Cross Heat Release Rate 截面热负荷
P.A. /S. A. 一次风/二次风
Desulfuration efficiency 脱硫效率
Calcination and Sulphation Reaction 煅烧和硫化反应
Ca/S Molar ratio 钙硫摩尔比
NOX /SOX
/CO emission NOX /SOX/CO 排放
Cold/Warm/Hot start-up 冷/温/热态启动
Scaling/corrosion/abrasion 结垢/腐蚀/磨损
Anti-scaling/corrosion/abrasion 防结垢/防腐蚀/耐磨损
Loop seal 返料器
Hot cyclone 高温旋风分离器
Overhauls 大修
Expansion joint 膨胀节
Elevator 电梯Margin 裕量
Continuous blow down 连续排污Emergency blow off 紧急放水
Acid cleaning 酸洗
Chemical feeding 化学加药
Heat tracing 伴热
Junction box 接线箱
Level gauge 水位计
Electric switch level gauge 电接点水位计Ignition 点火
Refractory dry 耐火材料养护
Boil out 煮炉
Local control cabinet 就地控制柜Aomization media 雾化介质
Restriction orifice 限位孔板
Turn-over 交付
Drum lifting 锅筒起吊
Hanger rod 吊杆
Convection pass enclosure 尾部对流包墙Second pass 尾部烟道
Buckstay 刚性梁
Knocker 锁气器(振荡器)
Bottom / fly ash 底灰/飞灰
Ash cooler 冷渣器Actuator 执行器、电动头MOV 电动阀
Shut-off valve 截止阀
Solenoid-operated / electromagnetism valve 电磁阀
Relief Valve 泄放阀
Demister 除雾器
Thermocouple 热电偶
Trip 跳闸
Erosion shields 防磨板
Hood 罩
Deflection 挠度
Flash tank 扩容器
congeneration 热电联产
Nozzle 管接头,喷嘴
Coordination 协调
Shear pin 安全销
Bolt/Nut/Gasket、Wahser 螺栓/螺母/垫片
Constant/Sliding pressure 定压/滑压
Peumatic operated 气动
Penthouse 司水小室
lining 内衬
Fire clay brick 耐火粘土砖
High strength castable 高强度耐火浇注材料
Gear box 变速箱
Flame scanner 火焰检测器
Ash chute 落渣管
Shear bar 抗剪件
Hydrotest 水压试验
Nitrogen blanket 充氮Prime coat 底漆
Finish painting 面漆
Embedded material 预埋件
Motor operated hoist 电动葫芦
Cable 电缆
Tray 桥架
Squirrel cage motor 鼠笼式电动机
19.工业锅炉专业词汇中/英对照表
assembly of steam drum 炉筒简图
assembly of manhole/access door 人孔/检修孔装置总图
arrangement of steam drum internal 锅筒内装置布置图
arrangement of furnace 炉膛布置图
assembly of furnace front panel 炉膛前墙管屏总图
assembly of furnace rear panel 炉膛后墙管屏总图
assembly of furnace left side panel 炉膛左墙管屏总图assembly of furnace right side panel 炉膛右墙管屏总图
assembly of grid panel 布风板总图
assembly of furnace wing wall 炉膛翼屏总图
arrangement of superheater 过热器布置图
assembly front wall s/h panel 过热器前墙管屏总图
assembly rear wall s/h panel 过热器后墙管屏总图
assembly left side wall s/h panel 过热器左墙管屏总图
assembly right side wall s/h panel 过热器右墙管屏总图
assembly of primary superheater 一级过热器总图
assembly of final superheater 末级过热器总图
assembly of wing wall superheater 屏式过热器总图
assembly of economizer 省煤器总图
assembly of downcomer 下降管总图arrangement of supply pipe 供给管布置图arrangement 布置图
assembly 总图
furnace 炉膛
front 前
rear 后
left 左
right 右
upper 上
lower 下
second pass 尾部烟道
superheater 过热器
primary superheater 一级过热器
second superheater 二级过热器
final superheater 未级过热器
wing wall superheater 屏式过热器
pri-superheater outlet header 一级过热器出口集箱
final superheater inlet superheater 末级过热器入口集箱
final superheater outlet superheater 末级过热器出口集箱
front opening header 前墙开孔集箱
front/rear wall lower header 前/后墙下集箱left & right side wall upper header 左&右墙上集箱
left & right side wall lower header 左&右墙下集箱hanger tube outlet heater 悬吊管出口集箱access door 检修门
front wall superheader panel 过热器前墙管屏
M/B butt weld 扁钢焊接详图
tube butt weld 管子焊接详图
insulation pin 保温销钉
hanger support 吊耳
inside/outside 内侧/外侧
membrane bar 扁钢M/B end 扁钢未端
con. Reducer 异怪接头
S/H coil 过热器蛇形管
expansion joint 膨胀节
pin working point 抓钉焊接点
stud area 焊接抓钉区
overlay area 堆焊区
"A"-row A排
material specification 材料规格表
economizer 省煤器
economizer inlet header 省煤器入口集箱
econ. Intermediate front(real)header 省煤器中间前(后)集箱
econ. outlet front(real)header 省煤器出口前(后)集箱
Eco. Casing inside 省煤器护板内侧
as shown 如图所示
opp.(opposite) Hand 与上图对称
furnace front wall 炉膛前墙
furnace rear wall 炉膛后墙
furnace right side wall 炉膛右墙
furnace left side wall 炉膛左墙
furnace front panel 炉膛前墙管屏
furnace rear panel 炉膛后墙管屏
furnace right panel 炉膛右墙管屏
furnace left panel 炉膛左墙管屏
evaporation wing wall 屏式蒸发受热面
upper header 上集箱
lower header 下集箱
furnace lower wall gas outlet header 炉膛后墙烟气出口集箱
tube/pipe 管子
strat-up burner 启动燃烧器
coal/coke/limestone feeder 给煤机/石油焦给料机/石灰石给料机
loop seal 返料器
higer level air nozzle 高位风嘴
middle level air nozzle 中位风嘴
lower level air nozzle 低位风嘴
detail 详图
weld 焊接
butt weld 对接
detail of M/B weld 扁钢焊接对接
detail of tube butt weld 管子对接详图buckstay 刚性梁
outside 外侧
inside 内侧
view 视图
front side view 正视图right side view 右视图rear side view 后视图
outside view 从外侧看
inside view 从内侧看
panel corner 管屏拐角
seal weld 密封焊接
stub nozzle 管接头
grid panel 布风板
top side view 俯视图
air nozzle(groupware)风帽
air nozzle pipe 风管
air nozzle head/cover 风嘴
air flow 气流
nozzle hole 风嘴开孔
top 顶部
top of caseable 耐火材料顶部
ash chute 落灰管
tube weld line 管子焊缝
M/B end 扁钢未端
wing wall M/bar 翼屏扁钢
evaporation wing wall tube 屏式蒸发受热面管子
evaporation wing wall upper header 屏式蒸发受热面上集箱
top side of panel 上部管屏
bottom side of panel 下部管屏
gun stud 焊接抓钉
stud area 焊接抓钉区
pin working point 抓钉焊接点
insulation pin 保温销钉
access door 检修门
overlay weld 堆焊
clamp jig(clamp) 夹具
filler bar 填充板
stud bolt/nut 双头螺栓/螺母
tube opening box 炉墙箱壳
corner support 拐角支撑
drain nozzle 排污管
hanger support 吊架
angle 角钢
channel 槽钢
hex.bolt 六角螺栓
hex.nut 六角螺母
V-anchor V型抓钉
flange 法兰
reducer 异径接头
oval door opening box 检修门箱壳drum 锅筒steam 蒸汽
shell 锅壳
plate 板
long seam 纵焊缝girth seam 环焊缝
down comer 下降管
feed water 给水
sat. steam 饱和蒸汽
riser stub 上升管接头
safety valve 安全阀
耐火保温
英文缩写中文
clay refractory 粘土耐火材料
alumina refractory 高铝质耐火材料
shaped heat-insulating refractory 定型隔热耐火材料
pure calcium aluminate cement 纯铝酸钙水泥
peel-off resistant alumina bricks 抗剥落高铝砖
magnesium-zirconium bricks 镁锆砖
refractory slurry 耐火泥浆
alumina bricks with phosphate 磷酸盐结合高铝砖
heat-insulating mullite bricks 莫来石隔热砖
low cement castable 低水泥浇注料
alumina castable with hith strength 高铝高强浇注料
corundum casable 钢玉浇注料
alkali-resistant 耐碱
acid-resistant 耐酸
low porous clay bricks 低气孔率粘土砖
silicon-carbide 碳化硅
test measures 质量检测手段
refractoriness 耐火度
apparent porosity 显气孔率
cohesive time 粘结时间
grain size 粒度
service temperature 使用温度
the linear change 线变化率
linear change after heating 烧后线变化率
bending-resistance in cold state 冷态抗折粘结强度
modulus of rupture 抗折强度
chemical composition 化学成份
pressure resistance 耐压强度
acid proof 耐酸度
cold crushing strength 常温耐压强度
bulk density 体积密度wear and fire resistance castable 耐磨耐火浇注料
plastic refractory 耐火可塑料
heat conductivity 导热系数
heat and shock stability 热震稳定性
freezing tme 凝固时间
plastic coefficient 可塑性系数
glassfaber feinforced refactory castable 钢纤维增强耐火浇注料
potassium silicate refractory castable 水玻璃耐火浇注料
electrolytic cell 电解槽
flash furnace 闪速炉
abrasion resitant brick refractory 耐磨耐火砖sillimanite brick and andalusite brick 硅线石、红柱石砖
sillca bonded silicon carbide brick 氧化硅结合碳化硅砖
chrome corundum brick 铬钢玉砖
high purity white corundum brick 高纯白钢玉砖
denes corundum brick 致密刚玉砖
mullite brick 莫来石砖
corundum abrasion resistant vibrating & free flowing
castable
刚玉耐磨浇注料及自流式刚玉耐磨浇
注料
corundum-mullite abrasion resistant vibrating & free
flow castable
刚玉莫来石耐磨浇注料及自流式刚玉
莫来石耐磨浇注料
high strength abrasion resistant castable refractory 高强耐磨浇注料
corundum & corundum-mullite abrasion resistant plastic refractory
刚玉耐磨可塑料及刚玉耐磨石可塑料
medium weight plastic refractory 中质可塑料
medium weight castable refractory 中质浇注料
light weight insulating castable refractory 轻质保温浇注料
corundum-mullite adhesives refractory 刚玉莫来石粘合剂
high strength abrasion resistant coalting refractory 高强耐磨涂料
Toxic chemicals:有毒化学品 Chemical pollution:化学污染 Physical property :物性 Natural changes: 自然变化 Scientific fields:科学领域 Isolate:分离 Determine:测定 Synthesize:合成 Fundamental principles:基本原理 Investigation:研究 Utilize:利用 化学式书写的基本规则 如何写化学式 命名化合物 二元化合物:氧化物,盐,酸 (1)阴离子元素加后缀–ide (2)多价态元素加前缀:mono-, di-, tri-, tetra-, penta-, hexa- (3)低价氧化态后缀–ous,高价氧化态后缀–ic 氧化物 盐 酸:基础元素(前缀hydro-, 后缀-ic)+ acid 氢氧化物(碱): 金属元素(价态)+ hydroxide 含氧酸及其盐 (1)基本元素仅有一种氧化态 酸:基础元素加后缀-ic + acid 盐:阳离子元素+基础元素加后缀-ate (2)基本元素有二种氧化态 酸:基础元素加后缀(-ous低价态,-ic高价态)+ acid 盐:阳离子元素+ 基础元素加后缀(-ite低价态, -ate高价态)(3)基本元素有多种氧化态 酸:最低氧化态基础元素(前缀hypo-, 后缀-ous)+ acid 较低氧化态基础元素加后缀-ous+ acid 较高氧化态基础元素加后缀-ic + acid 最高氧化态基础元素(前缀per-, 后缀-ic)+ acid 盐:最低氧化态阳离子元素+ 基础元素(前缀hypo-, 后缀-ite)较低氧化态阳离子元素+ 基础元素加后缀-ite 较高氧化态阳离子元素+ 基础元素加后缀-ate 最高氧化态阳离子元素+ 基础元素(前缀per-, 后缀-ate) 不同水分子含量的酸 较低水含量前缀meta- 较高水含量前缀ortho-
01.THE ELEMENTS AND THE PERIODIC TABLE 01元素和元素周期 表。 The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom is referred to as the atomic number, or proton number, Z. The number of electrons in an electrically neutral atom is also equal to the atomic number, Z. The total mass of an atom is determined very nearly by the total number of protons and neutrons in its nucleus. This total is called the mass number, A. The number of neutrons in an atom, the neutron number, is given by the quantity A-Z. 原子核中的质子数的原子称为原子序数,或质子数,卓电子数的电中性的原子也等于原子序数Z,总质量的原子是非常接近的总数量的质子和中子在原子核。这被称为质量数,这个数的原子中的中子,中子数,给出了所有的数量 The term element refers to, a pure substance with atoms all of a single kind. To the chemist the "kind" of atom is specified by its atomic number, since this is the property that determines its chemical behavior. At present all the atoms from Z = 1 to Z = 107 are known; there are 107 chemical elements. Each chemical element has been given a name and a distinctive symbol. For most elements the symbol is simply the abbreviated form of
The Periodic Table As our picture of the atom becomes more detailed, we find ourselves in a dilemma.当我们对原子了解的越来越详细时,我们发现我们其中处在两难之中己。With more than 100 elements to deal with, how can we keep all this information straight?由于超过100种元素要处理,我们怎样能理顺所有的信息?One way is by using the periodic table of the elements.一个方法是使用元素周期表。The periodic table neatly tabulates information about atoms. 周期表整齐地列出了原子信息的表格。It records how many protons and electrons the atoms of a particular element contain. 它记录了一个具体的元素的原子包含多少质子和电子。It permits us to calculate the number of neutrons in the most common isotope for most elements. 它允许我们为大多数元素计算最常见的同位素中的中子的数量。It even stores information about how electrons are arranged in the atoms of each element. 它甚至储存了每个元素的原子周围是如何安排电子的信息。The most extraordinary thing about the periodic table is that it was largely developed before anyone knew there were protons or neutrons or electrons in atoms. 关于周期表的最杰出的事情是在任何人知道在原子周围有质子、中子或者电子之前被提出来。 In 1869, Dmitri Ivanovich Mendeleev, a Russian chemist, published his periodic table of the elements. 在1869年,Dmitri Ivanovich Mendeleev,一位俄罗斯化学家,出版了他的元素周期表。Mendeleev prepared his table by taking into account both the atomic weights and the periodicity of certain properties of the elements. Mendeleev综合考虑元素的原子量和性质的相似性制成了他的元素周期表。The elements were arranged primarily in order of increasing atomic weight. 元素主要按照原子量增加的顺序排列。In a few cases, Mendeleev placed a slightly heavier element with similar chemical properties in the same row. 在一些情况里,Mendeleev把稍微重一点且性质相似的(元素)放在一列中。For example, he placed tellurium (atomic weight = 128) ahead of iodine (atomic weight = 127) because tellurium resembled sulfur and selenium in its properties, whereas iodine was similar to chlorine and bromine. 例如,他把碲(原子量= 128)排在碘(原子量= 127)前面,因为碲在它的特性方面类似硫和硒,而碘类似于氯和溴。 Mendeleev left a number of gaps in his table. Mendeleev在他的元素周期表中留下了许多空格。Instead of looking upon those blank spaces as defects, he boldly predicted the existence of elements as yet undiscovered. 他没有认为这些空格的出现是周期表的缺陷,而是大胆的预言还有未被发现的元素的存在。Furthermore, he even predicted the properties of some of these missing elements. 而且,他甚至预言一些这些未发现的元素的特性。In succeeding years, many of the gaps were filled in by the discovery of new elements. 在以后的许多年中,许多空格被发现的新元素填入。The properties were often quite close to those Mendeleev had predicted. 性质经常十分接近于Mendeleev已经预言的那些性质。The predictive value of this great innovation led to the wide acceptance of Mendeleev's table. 这个伟大革新的预言价值是Mendeleev的元素周期表被广泛接受。 It is now known that properties of an element depend mainly on the number of electrons in the outermost energy level of the atoms of the element. 现在知道一种元素的性质主要取决于元素原子最外层能级的电子数目。Sodium atoms have one electron in their outermost energy level (the third). 钠原子在它们的最外层能级(第3层)里有一个电子. Lithium atoms have a single electron in their outermost level (the second). 锂原子在他们的最外层能级(第2)里有一个单电子. The chemical properties of sodium and lithium are similar. 钠和锂的化学性质是相似的。The atoms of helium and neon have filled outer electron energy levels, and both elements are inert. 氦和氖的原子充满电子能级,并且两种元素都是无活动的。That is, they do not undergo chemical reactions readily. 也就是说,他们不容易经历化学反应。Apparently, not only are similar chemical properties shared by elements whose atoms have similar electron configurations (arrangements) but also certain configurations appear to be more stable (less reactive) than others. 显然,不仅是具有相似的电子构造(安排)的原子的元素具有相似的化学性质,而且某些构造看起来比其它(构造)是更稳定(更少活性)的。
Teaching material for scientific English 一、元素和单质的命名 “元素”和“单质”的英文意思都是“element”,有时为了区别,在强调“单质”时可用“free element”。因此,单质的英文名称与元素的英文名称是一样的。下面给出的既是元素的名称,同时又是单质的名称。 1主族元素和单质: 2过渡元素和单质 Fe : iron Mn : manganese Cu: copper Zn: zinc Hg: mercury Ag: silver Au: gold 二化合物的命名: 化合物的命名顺序都是根据化学式从左往右读,这与中文读法顺序是相反的。表示原子个数时使用前缀:mono-di -tri-tetra -penta-hexa-hepta-octa-,nona-, deca-,但是在不会引起歧义时,这些前缀都尽可能被省去。 1.化合物正电荷部分的读法: 直呼其名,即读其元素名称。 如CO: carbon monoxide AlO: aluminium oxide 32NO :Di nitrogen tetroxide 42对于有变价的金属元素,除了可用前缀来表示以外,更多采用罗马数字来表示金属的氧化态,或用后缀-ous表示低价,-ic表示高价。 如FeO: iron(II) oxide 或ferrous oxide FeO: iron (III) oxide或ferric oxide 32CuO: copper(I) oxide 或cuprous oxide CuO: copper(II) oxide或cupric oxide 22.化合物负电荷部分的读法: 2.1二元化合物: 常见的二元化合物有卤化物,氧化物,硫化物,氮化物,磷化物,碳化物,金属氢化物等,命名时需要使用后缀-ide, 如:fluoride,chloride,bromide,iodide,oxide ,sulfide ,nitride, phosphide, carbide,-的
1.英语学术论文的语言风格特点就(知人方能论世) 为什么我们会读不懂SCI上面的文章呢? 第一,由于SCI里面出现的专业词汇一般都是出现在特定领域,一类是一词对应于一意,另外一类则是一词多义。 其次,名词化结构则是另外另外一个普遍出现的现象,可以看到,复合名词,加前缀和后缀,以及省略现象可谓是漫山遍野,因为文体要求行文简洁、表达客观、内容确切、信息量大、强调存在的事实,一般文章不会夹杂着太多主观看法。 最后,大量使用长句和定语从句SCI论文发表中大量使用长句和定语从句,在论证上起到连接信息和强调信息的作用。广泛使用被动语态SCI论文发表中侧重叙事推理,强调客观准确,第一、二人称使用过多,会造成主观臆断的印象。因此尽量使用第三人称叙述,采用被动语态。名词作定语和缩写词使用频繁SCI论文发表中要求结构紧凑、行文简炼,缩写词和名词作定语的频繁使用,增大了信息密度,简化了句型。 如果我们能逆向思维,转换个角度去看文章,如果你要发表一篇SCI论文,你会怎么去构造你的行为,你如何组织你文章的逻辑,特别是用词方面,口语和一些狸语在一般
情况不应该出现在文章中。还有些中式英语也会极大地影响我们的阅读,例如说足球比赛,可不是我们想象中的football match (之前有次演讲说,英语里面不能有2个名词的情况,在此就举了个例子bicycle man),而应该做football play亦作soccer play。 2.翻译是一门艺术,从某种意义上来讲是没有标准答案的。 这里本人想要想要阐述这样一种观点,翻译是一个不断精进的过程,翻译最初的目的即是为了实现语言之间的一个互相沟通,然而不同的人对一句话,应该会有着不同的理解。这也就有了译者极大的自由发挥性,但是译者必须准确理解原文的基础之上的。 有三个字可以高度概括翻译的精髓“信,达,雅”,想必大家都应该听过。”“信”指意义不背原文,即是译文要准确,不歪曲,不遗漏,也不要随意增减意思;同样可以举个例子?This is a pan in my hand (请问如何翻译呢?) “达”指不拘泥于原文形式,译文通顺明白;这里就涉及到一个直译和意译的关系啦,否则就会出现像bicycle
应用化学专业 报告 学院:理学院 专业:应用化学 学号:20100153022 姓名:浦仕瑞
Applied chemistry speciality One、applied chemistry speciality-main courses: Training target:This specialized raise has the chemical basic theory, basic knowledge in strong experimental skills,can in scientific research institutions,colleges and universities and enterprises and institutions, engaged in scientific research,teaching and management work of the senior specialized talents. Training requirements:Students of this specialty mainly study the basic knowledge of chemistry,the basic theory,basic skills and related engineering knowledge,is the basic research and applied basic research of scientific thought and scientific experiment training,has good scientific literacy,have use knowledge and experimental skills in applied research,technology development and technology management of the basic skills. Main courses: Main subject:chemical Main course:Inorganic chemistry、,analytical chemistry(including instrument analysis),organic chemistry,physical chemistry(including structural chemistry,chemical engineering foundation and chemical mapping. The main practice teaching links include production practice,graduation thesis,general arrangement and a week of twenty. Length of schooling:four years awarded degree:physical or Bachelor's Similar professional:chemical applied chemistry chemical biology molecular science and engineering chemical engineering and technology Two、Four chemistry: (Inorganic chemistry,analytical chemistry,organic chemistry,physical chemistry) Inorganic chemistry:Inorganic chemistry relative to organic chemistry, the non carbon.However,some carbon compounds,such as carbon monoxide,carbon dioxide,carbon disulfide,carbonic acid compounds,
一、元素和单质的命名 “元素”和“单质”的英文意思都是“element”,有时为了区别,在强调“单质” 时可用“free element”。因此,单质的英文名称与元素的英文名称是一样的。下面给出 的既是元素的名称,同时又是单质的名称。 1主族元素和单质: Fe : iron Mn : manganese Cu: copper Zn: zinc Hg: mercury Ag: silver Au: gold 二化合物的命名: 化合物的命名顺序都是根据化学式从左往右读,这与中文读法顺序是相反的。表示原 子个数时使用前缀:mono- di - tri- tetra - penta- hexa- hepta- octa-, nona-, deca-,但是在不会引起歧义时,这些前缀都尽可能被省去。 1.化合物正电荷部分的读法: 直呼其名,即读其元素名称。 如CO: carbon monoxide Al2O3: aluminium oxide N2O4:Di nitrogen tetroxide 对于有变价的金属元素,除了可用前缀来表示以外,更多采用罗马数字来表示金属的 氧化态,或用后缀-ous表示低价,-ic表示高价。 如FeO: iron(II) oxide 或ferrous oxide Fe2O3: iron (III)oxide或ferric oxide Cu2O: copper(I) oxide 或cuprous oxide CuO: copper(II) oxide或cupric oxide 2.化合物负电荷部分的读法: 2.1二元化合物: 常见的二元化合物有卤化物,氧化物,硫化物,氮化物,磷化物,碳化物,金属氢化 物等,命名时需要使用后缀-ide, 如:fluoride, chloride, bromide, iodide, oxide ,sulfide ,nitride, phosphide, carbide,hydride; OH -的名称也是用后缀-ide:hydroxide,
专业英语词汇 Unit 1TEXT A : Chemical Reactions and Group Reactions customary a. 通常的,惯例的 handle n.柄vt.触摸 handling n.处理,管理 derive vt.取得,得到,衍生 oxidate vt.使氧化oxidation n. satisfactory a.令人满意的,符合要求的 rapid a.快的,迅速的,动作快的 combustion n.燃烧 somewhat pron. ad. 一点点,几分,有点 effort n.努力 commercial a.商业的,商务的 undesirable a不.合需要的,不受欢迎的,讨厌的 retard vt.延迟,放慢,使停滞 transformer n.变压器 transform vt.改变,转变 automotive a.自动的,机动的,汽车的 cracked裂化的 sluge n.软泥,淤泥 stiff a.硬的,强烈的 extent 广度,程度 distillation n.蒸馏distill vt.vi. unrefined a.未精致,未提炼的 acidity n.酸味,酸性acidify vt. Vi. Involve vt. 包缠,卷缠 Fell=following Individual a.个人的,个体的 Presumable a可.假定的,可推测的 Destruction n.破坏,毁灭 Overall n。 a.全面的,综合的 Exceed 超过,胜过 Isolate vt.隔离,孤立,使离析iso—构词成分“均匀”“异构”“苯”Analyse vt. 分析,分解 Carbonyl 羰基 Carboxyl羧基 Hydroxyl羟基 Decomposition分解 Alkyl烷基,烃基
英语专业实习报告 ????实习学校.市二中学,上海市第二中学,自己初中,高中7年的母校,可以说是再熟悉不过,看到大学里对口的学校里有这所的时候,没有丝毫犹豫地就填进了志愿里,也如愿的在母校开始了大学必经的实习阶段,也是别有一番意义的.回学校实习,亲切万分,亲爱的老师们还在,接受教育的学生们却是一张张全新的面孔,想想自己离开学校3年来的进进出出,目前的3个年级都是我毕业后考进市二的学生.学校的操场,小花园,甚至是几间教室,都是充满回忆的地方,接下来实习的日子,走过这些地方的时候,过去的记忆就不断在脑海里回旋. ????初日.我们一行8位同学到达市二后,接待我们的是现任教导主任高萍老师,她向我们简单介绍了下学校目前的状况,以及实习期间需要注意的一些事项.接下来是认识带教老师,我与其他2位同学分到高一,其余5位同学到高二.英语学科的带教老师是王雅芬老师,教学经验丰富,还担任高一的年级组长;班主任唐虹老师,自己高三时,她教过我政治,算是相当熟悉,呵呵.带教老师和班主任都向我们简单介绍了一下所带班级的基本情况.第一天只是熟悉下校园,第二天正式到班级,当时想到就要面对40多个学生,不免还是有点担心和紧张. ????身份.实习老师,是个很特别的存在.还记得第一次被班级里学生叫老师好的时候的那种错愕,渐渐适应,然后自如反应,点头示意.开始的一个礼拜,日渐习惯起学校的生活,仿佛重回高中时代一般,只是是以一种全新的角度来看待学生,以老师的身份来要求自己了,这种感觉挺奇妙的,以往觉得“高高在上”的老师,突然间成了身边的“同事”,作为实习老师,又该以怎样的态度去面对高中的学生?身份的转变,是实习阶段第一个要跨越的坎吧,正确认识自己的身份:带教老师的学生,高中学生的老师. ????高一(X)班.担任实习班主任工作的班级是高一(7)班,高一年级两个理科班之一,与我那时的理科班大为不同,现在理科班的学生不像我们那时那么沉闷,就像班主任唐老师所说,对于老师来说是喜忧参半吧,毕竟调皮的学生太多,比较不容易控制.一进教室就看到教室后的墙壁上贴满了奖状,看的出来这个班级在学校里也是相当活跃的,学校里评选的各个之星,几乎7班也每个都有份.班上同学的性格很活泼,几天相处下来,就建立起了不错的关系,谈谈班级同学,日常琐事,甚至也有同学会来找我解答问题,谈谈理想,也让自己渐渐有了的确是个老师了的觉悟. ????听课.实习的必经阶段,听课不仅能够学习带教老师的教学方法,也能熟悉自己将要教学的班级.高中阶段的英语课程与大学里大不相同,尽管自己以前高中时也上过牛津的教材,现在的教学要求又有新的变化,也因老师的不同,教学方法上有很大的差异.带教的王老师教态相当严谨,备课很充分,听第一节课的时候就觉得整节课规划的很好,让学生知道这节课要完成的内容,就算有突发状况的发生,也能自行控制好时间等等.学校规定的听课是10节左右,自己基本上能去听的课都去了,为的是想了解整个章节上课的完整过程,每个部分都有不同的上课手段和形式,都是值得学习的地方.大学里所学的英语教学法课程,提及不少教学
Unit 1 The RootsofChemistry I.Comprehension. 1。C 2. B3.D 4. C 5. B II。Make asentence out of each item by rearranging the wordsin brackets. 1.Thepurification of anorganic compoundis usually a matter of considerabledifficulty, and itis necessary to employ various methods for thispurpose。 2.Science is an ever-increasing body ofaccumulated and systematized knowledge and isalsoan activity bywhic hknowledge isgenerated。 3.Life,after all, is only chemistry,in fact, a small example of c hemistry observed onasingle mundane planet。 4.Peopleare made of molecules; someof themolecules in p eople are rather simple whereas othersarehighly complex。 5.Chemistry isever presentin ourlives from birth todeathbecause without chemistrythere isneither life nor death. 6.Mathematics appears to be almost as humankindand al so permeatesall aspects of human life, although manyof us are notfully awareofthis. III。Translation. 1.(a)chemicalprocess (b) natural science(c)the techni que of distillation 2.Itis theatoms that makeupiron, water,oxygen and the like/andso on/andsoforth/and otherwise. 3.Chemistry hasa very long history, infact,human a ctivity in chemistrygoes back to prerecorded times/predating recorded times. 4.According to/Fromthe evaporation ofwater,people know /realized that liquidscan turn/be/changeinto gases undercertain conditions/circumstance/environment。 5.Youmustknow the propertiesofthe materialbefore y ou use it. IV.Translation 化学是三种基础自然科学之一,另外两种是物理和生物.自从宇宙大爆炸以来,化学过程持续进行,甚至地球上生命的出现可能也是化学过程的结果。人们也许认为生命是三步进化的最终结果,第一步非常快,其余两步相当慢.这三步
2009 —2010学年第一学期 化学与材料学院(系)07级应用化学专业 《专业英语》期末试卷 1.Write the structural formula or Chinese name for each of the following (2% for each answer): (1)barium ion: (2)chlorate ion: (3)potassium ion: (4)carbonic acid: (5)ammonium ion: (6)pyrrole:(吡咯) (7)polystyrene: (聚苯乙烯) (8)p-hydroxybenzoic acid:(对羟基苯甲酸)(9)benzonitrile (苄腈) (10)critical pressure: (临界压力)(11)methanal: (甲醛)(12)buffer solution :(缓冲溶液)(13)alkali burette:(碱式滴定管)(14)extract :(萃取)(15)tetrasulfur dinitride: (S4N2)(16)aldose:(醛醣)(17)sodium dihydrogenphosphate (磷酸二氢钠) (18)zinc oxide: (19)6-ethyl-4-methyldecane: (20)quantitative analysis: (定量分析) 2.Write the English name for each of the following(2% for each answer): (1)IBr: (2)天平(balance)(3)阴离子(anion) (4)H2SO3 (5)滴液漏斗: (dropping funnel)(6)CuNO3: (7)AgF: (8)滴定(n.):(titrate)(9)Ca(MnO4)2: (10)辛醇: (11)十三烷: (12)(CH3CH2)2Hg: (diethylmercury) (13) CH3CHCH CH2 3: (14) CH3CH2CHCOOH CH3: (15)
化学专业英语化学专业英语课期末考试试卷含 答案 文档编制序号:[KKIDT-LLE0828-LLETD298-POI08]
化学专业英语试卷 学号:姓名:成绩: 一:把下列单词或词组译成英文(本题共 30 分,每小题 1 分) 1. Ni(ClO4)2 nickel perchlorate 3. FeCl2 iron(2)chloride 5. Al(NO3)3 aluminum nitrate 7. MnO2 manganese dioxide 9. N2O3 dinatrogen trioxide 11. NaClO sodium hypochloride 13. P2O5 diphosphorous pentaoxide 15. KMnO4 patassium permangate 17. 盐酸hydrochloric acid 19. KCN patassium cyanide 21. 5-甲基-4-丙基壬烷5-methyl-4-propylnonaane 23. 四氯化碳carbon tetrachloride 25. 中和neutralize 27. 比热容specific heat capacity 29. 酸酐anhytride 2. CuSO4 copper sulfate 4. CoCO3 cobalt carbate 6. Ca(C2H3O2)2 calcium acetate 8. H2SO4 10. 六氰合铁(Ⅱ)酸钾 12. Ag2SO3 sliver sulfite 14. 草酸铅 lead cyanate 16. Zn(OH)2 zinc hydroxide 18. 磷酸根 phosphate 20. 2,3-二甲基戊烷2,3-dimethylpentane 22. 2,3,7-三甲基-5-乙基辛烷2,3,7-trimethyl-5-ethyloctane 24. 石蕊试纸litmus paper 26. 滴定titration 28. 非电解质electrolyte 30. 配位化合物complex compound 三. 把下列短文译成汉语(本题共 40 分,每小题 10 分) 1. Without chemistry our lives would be unrecognisable, for chemistry is at work all around us. Think what life would be like without chemistry - there would be no plastics, no electricity and no protective paints for our homes. There would be no synthetic fibres to clothe us and no fertilisers to help us produce enough food. We wouldn’t be able to travel because there would be no metal, rubber or fuel for cars, ships and aeroplane. Our lives would be changed considerably without telephones, radio, television or computers, all of which depend on chemistry for the manufacture of their parts. Life expectancy would be much lower, too, as there would be no drugs to fight disease. 没有化学反应我们的生活将会大变样,化学就在我们周围。没有化学生活会是什么样子——没有塑料,,家里没有电,也没有防护漆。不会给我们合成纤维,没有化肥帮助我们生产足够的食物。我们不能旅行,因为不会有金属、橡胶或燃料汽车、船只和飞机。我们的生活将会大大改变了没有电话、收音机、电视或电脑,所有这些依赖化学生产的部分。没有药物来抵抗疾病,预期寿命将低得多。 2. The first and second laws of thermodynamics and the meaning of entropy will be discussed. and expanded upon in this lesson. It will be shown that energy transformations on a macroscopic scale — that is, between large aggregates of atoms and/or molecules — can be understood in terms of a set of logical principles. Thus thermodynamics provides a model of the behavior of matter in bulk. The power of such a model is that it does not depend on atomic
专业英语结课报告翻译:基于AT89S51单片机的电子万年历的设计 班级:10级电子信息统本01班 姓名:席宇康 学号:101102010128
摘要 本文借助电路仿真软件Protues对基于AT89S51单片机的电子万年历的设计方法及仿真进行了全面的阐述。该电子万年历在硬件方面主要采用AT89C51单片机作为主控核心,由DS1302时钟芯片提供时钟、1602LCM点阵液晶显示屏显示。AT89C51单片机是由Atmel公司推出的,功耗小,电压可选用4~6V电压供电;DS1302时钟芯片是美国DALLAS公司推出的具有涓细电流充电功能的低功耗实时时钟芯片,它可以对年、月、日、星期、时、分、秒进行计时,还具有闰年补偿等多种功能,而且DS1302的使用寿命长,误差小;数字显示是采用的LED液晶显示屏来显示,可以同时显示年、月、日、星期、时、分、秒等信息。此外,该电子万年历还具有时间校准等功能。在软件方面,主要包括日历程序、时间调整程序,显示程序等。所有程序编写完成后,在Keil软件中进行调试,确定没有问题后,在Proteus软件中嵌入单片机内进行仿真。 论文主要研究了液晶显示器LED及时钟芯片DS1302,温度传感器DS18B20与单片机之间的硬件互联及通信,对数种硬件连接方案进行了详尽的比较,在软件方面对日历算法也进行了论述。 研究结果表明,由于万年历的应用相当普遍,所以其设计的核心在于硬件成本的节约软件算法的优化,力求做到物美价廉,才能拥有更广阔的市场前景。 关键词:单片机;DS1302;LED 绪论 随着社会、科技的发展,人类得知时间,从观太阳、摆钟到现在电子钟,不断研究、创新。为了在观测时间的同时,能够了解其它与人类密切相关的信息,比如温度、星期、日期等,电子万年历诞生了,它集时间、日期、星期和温度功能于一身,具有读取方便、显示直观、功能多样、电路简洁等诸多优点,符合电子仪器仪表的发展趋势。伴随着电子技术的迅速发展,特别是随大规模集
黄冈师范学院 2009—2010学年度第一学期期末试卷考试课程:专业英语考核类型:考试A卷 考试形式:闭卷出卷教师:杨一思 考试专业:化学考试班级:应用化学200601 一、Translate the following into English(20 points) 1.过滤 2.浓缩 3.结晶化 4.吸附 5. 蒸馏6.超临界的 7.二氯甲烷 8.热力学平衡 9.亲电性 10.表面张力 11.共轭的 12.酮 13.平衡常数 14.丙基 15.丁基 16.亚甲基 18.环己酮 19.同位素 20.标准熵 二、Translate the following into Chinese(20 points) 1. methyl propanoate 2. rate constant 3. ethyl methyl ketone 4. free energy 5. radical intermediate 6. isobutyl methyl ether 7. 3-chloropropene 8. primary radical 9. n-propyl bromide 10. bond energy 11. circulating electrons 12. local magnetic fields 13. tetramethylsilane 14. mass to charge ratios 15 phenylamine 16 amide 17. amine 18. nucleophile 19. perchlorate 20. carbocation 三、Translation the following into chinese (40 points) A卷【第1页共 3 页】
. 01 THE ELEMENTS AND THE PERIODIC TABLE 01 元素和元素周期表 The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom is referred to as the atomic number, or proton number, Z. The number of electrons in an electrically neutral atom is also equal to the atomic number, Z. The total mass of an atom is determined very nearly by the total number of protons and neutrons in its nucleus. This total is called the mass number, A. The number of neutrons in an atom, the neutron number, is given by the quantity A-Z. 在一个原子核中的质子数量被称为原子序数,或质子数,Z。在一个电中性原子中的电子数量也等于原子序数,Z。一个原子的总质量被测定是非常接近于原子核中质子和中子的总数。这个总数被称为质量数,A。在一个原子中的中子数量等于A –Z的数量。 The term element refers to, a pure substance with atoms all of a single kind. To the chemist the kind of atom is specified by its atomic number, since this is the property that determines its chemical behavior. At present all the atoms from Z = 1 to Z = 107 are known; there are 107 chemical elements. Each chemical element has been given a name and a distinctive symbol. For most elements the symbol is simply the abbreviated form of the English name consisting of one or two letters, for example: 这个术语(指chemical element)也可以指由相同质子数的原子组成的纯化学物质。对化学家来说,这类原子通过原子数来说明,因为它的性质是决定其化学行为。目前,从Z = 1 到Z = 107的所有原子是知道的;有107种化学元素。每一种化学元素起了一个名字和独特的象征。对于大多数元素都仅仅是一个象征的英文名称缩写形式,由一个或两个字母组成,例如:oxygen==O nitrogen == N neon==Ne magnesium == Mg 氧= =O 氮= = N氖= = Ne 镁= =Mg .. . Some elements,which have been known for a long time,have symbols based on their Latin names, for example: 很久以来就已经知道一些元素,根据他们的拉丁名字符号命名,例如: iron==Fe(ferrum) copper==Cu(cuprum) lead==Pb(plumbum) 铁= =铁(铁) 铜= =铜(铜) 铅= =铅(铅)