Exercises
Ⅰ. Please translate the following words and phrases into Chinese.
Exercises
1. sample function 样本函数
2. ensemble average 总体均值
3. physical significance 物理意义
4. a Fourier transform pair 傅里叶变换对
5. deterministic waveform 确定性波形
6. in the limit 在极限情况下
7. time invariant 时不变的
8. an upper frequency limit 频率上限
9. Parseval’s theorem 巴塞瓦尔定理
10. random pulses 随机脉冲
Exercises
1. physical system 物理系统，实际系统
2. rise time 上升时间
3. amount of information 信息量
4. in principle 理论上，原则上
5. gaussian channel 高斯信道
6. probability density 概率密度
7. root mean square 均方根值，均方根，
8. trade off 交替换位，折衷选择
9. lower bound 下限，下界
1. equalizer 均衡器
11. vice versa 反之亦然
12. upper limit 上限
Exercises
1.overall performance 总性能
2. crest factor 振幅（波峰）因数（振幅与有效值之比）
3. nonlinear operation 非线性运算
4. inverse operation 逆操作
5. rms 均方根（值）
6. PAM 振幅调制
7. PDM 脉宽调制
8. PPM 脉冲相位调制
9. maximum magnitude 最大幅值
10. error intervals 误差间隔
11. Entropy 熵，平均信息量
12. round off 舍入，用四舍五入化为整数
13. quantum level 量化电平
14. DPCM 差分脉冲编码调制
Exercises
1. channel coding 信道编码
2. transmission bandwidth 传输带宽
3. Single sided noise power density 单边带噪声功率密度
4. orthogonal signaling 正交信号
5. FEC 前向纠错
6. logic table 逻辑表
7. systematic code 系统码
8. AWGN 加性高斯白噪声
9. BER 误码率，误比特率（bit error ratio）
10. trellis diagram 网格图
11. constraint length 制约长度
12. vector array 向量数组
13. algebraic function 代数函数
14. state diagram 状态图
15. cyclic shift 循环移位
16. generator matrix 生成矩阵
Exercises
1. AM 幅度调制（amplitude modulation）
2. DPSK 差分相位键控(differential PSK)
3. PAM 脉冲振幅调制（pulse amplitude modulation）
4. PDM 脉宽调制（pulse duration modulation）
5. PPM 脉冲相位调制（pulse phase modulation）
6. PCM 脉冲编码调制（pulse code modulation）
7. DPCM 差分脉冲编码调制（differential pulse code
modulation）
8. ASK 振幅键控（amplitude shift keying）
9. FSK 频移键控（frequency shift keying）
10. FDM 频分多路复用（frequency division multiplexing）
11. TDM 时分多路复用（time division multiplexing）
12. coded modulation 编码调制
13. suppressed carrier 抑制载波
14. modulated signal 已调信号
Exercises
1. copper wire 铜线
2. speech recognition 语音识别
3. adaptive differential PCM 自适应差分脉码调制
4. infinite impulse response (IIR) 无限脉冲响应
5. real time conversation 实时交换
6. digital signal processing 数字信号处理
7. CELP 码激励线性预测（code excited linear
prediction）
8. VAD 话音激活检测器(voice activity detector)
9. MPE 多脉冲激励(multipulse excitation)
10. ADPCM 自适应差分脉码调制(adaptive
differential PCM)
11. direct quantization 直接量化
12. log pulse PCM quantizer 对数脉冲PCM量化器
Exercises
Ⅱ. Please translate the following words and phrases into English.
1. 随机过程random process
2. 统计平均 statistical average
3. 随机变量random variable
4. 自相关函数 autocorrelation function
5. 傅里叶变换Fourier transform
6. 功率谱密度 power spectral density
7. 概率密度函数probability density function
8. 高斯过程 gaussian process
9. 平稳过程 a stationary process
10. 统计独立 statistically independent
11. 时间平均(值) time average
12. 统计特性 statistical characteristic
13. 各态历经过程ergodic process
14. 狄拉克函数 delta function
Exercises
1. 通信理论communication theory(theory of
communications)
2. 香农定理 Shannon’s theorem
3. 信道带宽channal bandwidth
4. 信号波形 signal waveform
5. 理想低通滤波器ideal lowpass filter
6. 自相关函数 autocorrelation function
7. 无噪声高斯信道noiseless gaussian channel
8. 通信信道 communication channel
9. 信息速率information rate
10. 信噪比 signal to noise ratio (SNR,S/N)
11. 信道容量channal capacity
12. 双边功率谱密度 Two sided power spectraldensity
13. 误码率error probability(probability fo error )
14. 奈奎斯特采样速率 Nyquist sampling rate
15. 限带高斯信道band limited gaussian channel
16. 高斯白噪声 white Gaussian noise
Exercises
1.正脉冲positive pulse
2. 脉冲编码调制 pulse code modulation
3. 解码器decoder
4. 编码器 encoder
5. 量化步长quantum step size
6. 峰值 peak magnitudes
7. 线性函数linear function
8. 脉冲序列 pulse train
9. 均匀量化器uniform quanizer
10. 预测编码 predictive coding
11. 压扩器compandor
12. 压缩比 compression ratio
Exercises
1. 检错码error detection code
2. 信道容量 channel capacity
3. 分组码block code
4. 卷积码 convolutional code
5. 移位寄存器shift register
6. 汉明距离 Hamming distance
7. 码重code weight(weight of code)
8. 树形图 tree diagram
9. 编码增益coding gain
10. 平均比特能量 average bit energy
11. 码距code distance(distance of code)
12. 纠错码 error correction code
13. 带宽效率bandwidth efficiency
14. 模2加法器 modulo 2 adder
15. 原始数据raw data
16. 编码率 code rate
17. 生成多项式generator polynomial
18. 循环码 cyclic code
Exercises
1. 带通信号bandpass signal
2. 脉冲调制 pulse modulation
3. 角度调制angle modulation
4. 残留边带抑制载波调制 vestigial side band suppressed
carrier modulation
5. 绝对带宽absolute bandwidth
6. 脉冲宽度 pulse duration
7. 线性函数linear function
8. 载波频率 carrier frequency
9. 模拟调制analog modulation
10. 移相键控 PSK（phase shift keying）
11. 连续波调制 continuous wave (CW) modulation
12. 同轴电缆 coaxial cable
Exercises
1. 共振峰跟踪滤波器formant tracking filter
2. 国际电信联盟 International Telecommunications Union(ITU)
3. 背景噪声background noise
4. 双向通信 two-way communication
5. 基音跟踪滤波器pitch tracking filter
6. 长时预测 long-term prediction
7. 语音编码speech coding
8. 声码器 vocoder
9. 语音增强speech enhancement
10. 波形跟随编码器 waveform following coder
11. 参数编码器 parametric coder
12. 频域编码器 frequency domain code
Exercises
Ⅲ. Fill in the blanks with the missing word(s).
1. The ensemble averages will be identical with the
statistical averages
and may be represented by the same symbols.
2. The averages determined by measurements on a
single sample
Function at successive times will yield a time average, which we
represent as n2(t1).
3. Suppose, for example, that the statistical characteristics of
the sample
Functions in the ensemble were changing with time.
4. For it may happen that while each sample function is
stationary the in
dividual sample functions may differ statistically from one another.
5. As an extension of that result we shall define the power
spectral dens
ity of a random process in the same way.
6. It is of interest to inquire whether G(f) defined
in Eq. (1.2)
for a random process has a physical significance
whichcorresponds to the
physical significance of G(f) for deterministic waveforms. 8. Hence, if we should select some sample function, a
knowledge of the
value of n(t) at time t would be of no assistance in improving
our ability to predict the value attained by that same sample function at
time t+τ.
9. Hence,whenever we make an observation or measurement
of the pulse
waveform which extends over a duration long
enough so that the
average observed pulse shape,such as their
amplitudes,widths,and
spacings are representative of the waveform generally,we shall find that
Eq.(1.12)applies.
10. Let us select a section of this waveform which extends
from -
T/2 to -T/2.
11. Since we have assumed an ergodic process,we are at
liberty to
perform (perform, performing) the averaging over any sample
function of the ensemble, since every sample function will yield the same
result.
Exercises
1.There is a negative statement associated withon
Shannon’s theorem.
2. the purpose of transmission over the channel, the
messages
are represented by fixed voltage levels.
3. Since the transmission of any of the M messages is equally likely,H=log2M,thus our channel is transferring information at a
rate R=rH.
4. For a fixed signal power and in the presence of
white
gaussian noise the channel capacity approaches an upper limit with increasing bandwidth.
5. It is of great interest to recognize that the
tradeoff
between bandwidth and signal to noise ratio is not limited by a lower limit in bandwidth.
6. The signal is transmitted in a channel which can
be represented
as a lowpass RC circuit with cutoff at 1 Hz.
7. If there is no noise, then we are entirely free to make as
for
the attenuation by the use of an amplifier and to correct the frequency
distortion by the use of an equalizer.
8. That is, we need to estimate the interval T which should be
assigned
to each message to allow the transmitted levels to be recognized
Individually over the receiver, even though the bandwidth B of the
channel is limited.
9. Therefore, the 25 percent reduction in
bandwidth requires a 60
percent increase of signal power.
10. While we have used the term communication channel
in many
occasions, it is well to emphasize at this point, that the term, which is
Something as an abstraction, is intended to encompass all the
features and componentparts of the transmission system which introduce
noise or limit the bandwidth.
11. The probability of error is close to unity for every
possible set
of M transmitter signals.
12. It turns out that the results obtained for a
gaussian channel
often provide a lower bound in the performance of
a system
Operating in a nongaussian channel.
Exercises
Ⅲ. Fill in the blanks with the missing word(s).
1. PCM is a widely different form of modulation compared with
the analog
pulse types such as PAM, PDM, and PPM.
2. The characteristics of the pulse group are related to
the message
sample through operations called quantization and coding.
3. The term symbol coder distingnishes this coding operation
from the
overall source encoding process. In most cases,a variable length code is
used to represent the mapped and quantized data set.It assigns the
shortest codewords to the most frequently occuring (occurring,occure,
occurred) output values and thus reduces coding redundancy.
4. Thus, a quantization error exists in PCM and, as will
be seen, is the
Basic limitation in performance.
5. Quantization and sampling produce the same result as
sampling and
quantizing.
6. For equal peak magnitudes, signals with large crest factors
give poorer
performance than those with small Kcr.
7. In the receiver the inverse operation is implemented by
an expandor
to restore the original message.
8. The digital data is fed serially into the decoder.
9. as the rate drops, samples are made less
frequently and step sizes
increase.
10. The actual compression ratio resulting from this
method is no more
than an order of 4∶1.
11. In an attempt to reduce （reduce，reducing）the
number of codes sent
by a PCM system, a slight variance on sampling
method is used by a
system known as Differential Pulse Code Modulation (DPCM).
Exercises
Ⅲ. Fill in the blanks with the missing word(s).
1. Channel coding protects digital data from errors by
selectively in
troducing redundancies in the transmitted data.
2. By proper encoding of the information, errors induced by
a
noisy channel can be reduced to any desired level without
sacrificing the rate of information transfer.
3. Error control coding waveforms, on the other hand,
have
bandwidth expansion factors that grow only linearly with the code
block length.
4. In a block encoder, k information bits are encoded into
n
code bits.
5. The block code is referred to as an (n,k)code, and
the rate of the
code is defined as Rc=k/n and is equal to the rate of information
divided by the raw channel rate.
6. Convolutional codes are fundamentally different fromn
block codes in that
information sequences are not grouped into distinct blocks and encoded.
7. The tree diagram shows the structure of the encoder in
the form of a
tree with the branches representing
（represent，represented，representing）
the various states and the outputs of the coder.
8. This reduces the bandwidth efficiency of the link in
high SNR
conditions, but provides excellent BER performance at low SNR values.
9. A systematic code is one in which the parity bits are
appended to
the end of the information bits.
10. A channel coder operates on digital message (or
source) data by
encoding the source information into a code sequence for transmission
through the channel.
Exercises
Ⅲ. Fill in the blanks with the missing word(s).
1. The method involves first sampling the information signal,
quantizing
the sample by rounding off to the closest of a number of discrete levels,
and finally generating a prescribed number of pulses according to a code
related to the nearest discrete level.
2. Coded modulation will also be referred to as digital
modulation.It is
one of the most modern and useful methods of modulation available today.
3. In PPM pulse position is proportional to the
amplitude of the message signal
4. Time division multiplexing (TDM) uses pulse modulation to
put samples of
different signals in nonoverlapping time slots. For instance, the gaps between
pulses could be filled with samples from other signals.
5. It is often necessary to use modulation to translate the
useful band of
frequencies up to a large carrier frequency so that
efficient
electromagnetic radiation is possible from an antenna having reason able size.
6. The design of a communication system may be constrained
by the cost
and availability of hardware, whose performance often depends on the
frequencies involved
7. Fractional bandwidth considerations account for the
fact that
modulation units are found in receivers as well as in transmitters.
8. These methods may be characterized as continuous
wave (cw)
modulation.
9. Since each station has a different assigned carrier
frequency, the
desired signal can be separated from the others by filtering.
10. PCM may be either binary, where pulses have only two
voltage levels,
or μ-ary, where pulses may take on μ
possible levels.
11. By exploiting the frequency translation property of
cw modulation,
message information can be impressed on a carrier whose
frequency has been selected for the desired transmission method.
Exercises
Ⅲ. Fill in the blanks with the missing word(s).
1. Speech coding is a fundamental technology that has existed
for
more than 60 years, beginning in the 1930s with Dudley’s original
vocoder.
2. Speech coding is distinct from the more general
problem of audio
coding in that the primary signal of interest is the speech itself.
3. Virtually all existing telecommunications applications begin
with
speech coded by this standard.
4. The selection of appropriate excitation pulses is carried out
in a per
ceptually weighted domain, ratherthan just minimizing the mse in the
waveform domain so that the quantization noise is less audible to the
listener.
5. Signal delay is a measure of the duration of the speech
signal used
to estimate coder parameters reliably for both the encoder and the
decoder, plus any delay inherent in the transmission channel.
6. If the round trip delay is held (holds, is held, held) below
300 ms and
there is sufficient echo cancellation, the quality is quite acceptable.
7. If the number of bits provided by the coder over time is
always the
same, the rate is fixed.
8. Voice activity detectors (VAD) that attempt to determine
whether
speech is actually present so as to utilize the channel more efficiently
when speech is absent and to avoid trying (to try, try, trying) to code
background signals as speech.
9. Instead, this class attempts to produce a signal that sounds
like the
original by using a parametric model of speech, analying (analyzing,
analyze, analyzed) the speech to estimate these parameters, and then
quantizing only the parameters.
10. Frequency domain coders have been selected(select, have
been
selected, are selecting) as the basis for a new wideband coding
recommendation by the ITU-T.
信息与通信工程专业英语习题2018
一：专业词汇 1、SIFT：尺度不变特征转换； 2、ANMS：自适应非极大值抑制法； 3、BM3D：三维块匹配； 4、binary thresholding segmentation：最优二值阈值分割 5、rough entropy：粗糙熵 6、rough fuzzy set：粗糙模糊集/粗模糊集 7、Plasma resonance sensing：等离子体共振传感 8、Long period grating：长周期光栅 9、Optical sensor：光学传感器 10、optical fiber sensors：光纤传感器 11、Evanescent field:：倏逝场 12、biochemical sensing：生物医学传感 13、Simultaneous Localization and Mapping（SLAM）：同时定位与地图构建 14、Loop Closure Detection：回环检测 15、General Graph Optimization（g2o）：开源的图优化库 16、Massive multiple-input multiple output （MIMO）：大容量多输入多输出 17、time-division duplex system（TDD：时分双工系统
18、frequency-division duplex system（FDD）：分频双工系统 19、spectral efficiency：频谱效率 20、joint transmission coordinated multipoint：联合传动协调多点 21、GSM：全球移动通信系统(Global System for Mobile communications) 22、MSC：移动业务交换中心(mobile switching center) 23、WAP：无线应用通讯协议（Wireless Application Protocol） 24、redundancy ：冗余度 25、sampling ：抽样 26、quantitative：量化 27、demodulate：解调 28、multiplexable：多路复用的 29、resolution：分辨率 30、Simultaneous Localization and Mapping：即时定位与建图 31、Visual Odometry：视觉里程计 32、Laser Scanner：激光雷达 33、Time-domain：时域 34、Finite-element：有限元
数学专业英语课后答案
2.1数学、方程与比例 词组翻译 1.数学分支branches of mathematics，算数arithmetics，几何学geometry，代数学algebra，三角学trigonometry，高等数学higher mathematics，初等数学elementary mathematics，高等代数higher algebra，数学分析mathematical analysis，函数论function theory，微分方程differential equation 2.命题proposition，公理axiom，公设postulate，定义definition，定理theorem，引理lemma，推论deduction 3.形form，数number，数字numeral，数值numerical value，图形figure，公式formula，符号notation(symbol)，记法/记号sign，图表chart 4.概念conception，相等equality，成立/真true，不成立/不真untrue，等式equation，恒等式identity，条件等式equation of condition，项/术语term，集set，函数function，常数constant，方程equation，线性方程linear equation，二次方程quadratic equation 5.运算operation，加法addition，减法subtraction，乘法multiplication，除法division，证明proof，推理deduction，逻辑推理logical deduction 6.测量土地to measure land，推导定理to deduce theorems，指定的运算indicated operation，获得结论to obtain the conclusions，占据中心地位to occupy the centric place 汉译英 （1）数学来源于人类的社会实践，包括工农业的劳动，商业、军事和科学技术研究等活动。 Mathematics comes from man’s social practice, for example, industrial and agricultural production, commercial activities, military operations and scientific and technological researches. （2）如果没有运用数学，任何一个科学技术分支都不可能正常地发展。 No modern scientific and technological branches could be regularly developed without the application of mathematics. （3）符号在数学中起着非常重要的作用，它常用于表示概念和命题。 Notations are a special and powerful tool of mathematics and are used to express conceptions and propositions very often. （4）17 世纪之前，人们局限于初等数学，即几何、三角和代数，那时只考虑常数。Before 17th century, man confined himself to the elementary mathematics, i. e. , geometry, trigonometry and algebra, in which only the constants were considered. （5）方程与算数的等式不同在于它含有可以参加运算的未知量。 Equation is different from arithmetic identity in that it contains unknown quantity which can join operations. （6）方程又称为条件等式，因为其中的未知量通常只允许取某些特定的值。Equipment is called an equation of condition in that it is true only for certain values of unknown quantities in it. （7）方程很有用，可以用它来解决许多实际应用问题。
Lesson2 Exercises 1. Put the following into Chinese. （1）Ohm’s law states that the voltage across a resistor is directly proportional to the current flowing through the resistor. The constant of proportionality is the resistance value of the resistor in ohms. 流过电路里电阻的电流，与加在电阻两端的电压成正比，与电阻的阻值成反比。这就是欧姆定律。 （2）Many materials, however, closely approximate an ideal linear resistor over a desired operating region. 不过，许多材料在规定的工作范围内非常接近理想线性电阻。 （3）It should be noted that an ideal voltage source (dependent or independent ) will produce any current required to ensure that the terminal voltage is as stated, whereas an ideal current source will produce the necessary voltage to ensure the stated current flow. 应该注意：一个理想电压源（独立或受控）可向电路提供任意电流以保证其端电压为规定值，而电流源可向电路提供任意电压以保证其规定电流。 （4）A different class of relationship occurs because of the restriction that some specific type of network element places on the variables. Still another class of relationship is one between several variable of the same type which occurs as the result of the network configuration, i. e., the manner in which the various element of the network are interconnected. 一种不同类型的关系是由于网络元件的某种特定类型的连接对变量的约束。另一类关系由于网络结构，即网络的不同元件互相连接的方式所产生的相同形式的一些变量间的关系。 （5）The thermal conductivity of metals is as much as several hundred times that of glass. 金属的导热率比玻璃高几百倍。 （6）Magnetic line of force will，whenever passible, travel through iron or other magnetic materials. 磁力线只要有可能就会通过铁或其它磁性材料。 （7）Actually, 0 o C is indeed the lower limit to temperatures capable of being attained. 事实上绝对零度确是所能达到的温度的最低限度。 2. Translate the following into English. （1）电路元件吸收或释放的功率为元件两端的电压与流过该元件电流的乘积。 The power absorbed or supplied by a circuit element is the product of the voltage across the element and the current through it. （2）理想独立电源是一个有源元件，它所提供的电压或电流不依赖于电路中其他变量。 An ideal independent source is an active element that provides a specified voltage or current that is completely independent of other circuit variables. （3）受控电源是一个有源元件，它所提供的电压或电流受电路中某部分电压或电流控制。 An ideal dependent (or controlled) source is an active element in which the source quantity is controlled by another voltage or current. （4）叠加定理为：线性电路中，任一电压或电流都是电路中各个独立电源单独作用时，在该处产生的电压或电流的叠加。 The superposition principle states that the voltage across (or current through) an element in a linear circuit is the algebraic sum of the voltages across (or current through) that element due to each independent source acting alone. （5）计算机可分为模拟计算机和数字计算机两种。Computers may be classfied as analog and digital．（6）新型晶体管的开关时间缩短了三分之二。The switching time of the new-type transistor is shortened three times． （7）超导体在电气应用上的重要性不能被估计过高。The importance of superconductor in the uses of electricity cannot be overestimated.
参考答案( Communication English ) 第一章电子通信导论 1.将表1-1译成中文。 表1-1 通信大事纪 年代事件 公元前3000年埃及人发明象形文字 公元800年借鉴印度, 阿拉伯人使用我们的现行数制 1440年约翰.戈登贝尔发明可移动的金属记录带 1752年贝莱明.富兰克林的风筝证明了雷闪是电 1827年欧姆发表欧姆定律( I = E / R) 1834年 C.F.高斯和E.H.韦伯发明电磁电报 1838年W.F.库克和C.维特斯通发明电报 1844年S.F.B.莫尔斯演示巴尔的摩和华盛顿的电报线路 1850年G.R.基尔赫夫发表基尔赫夫电路定律 1858年铺设第一条越洋电缆, 并于26天后举办博览会 1864年J.C.麦克斯威尔预言电磁辐射 1871年电报工程师协会在伦敦成立 1876年 A.G.贝尔发明电话并获专利 1883年 A.爱迪生发现真空管中的电子流 1884年美国电气工程师协会(AIEE)成立 1887年H.赫兹证明麦克斯威的理论 1900年G.马可尼传送第一个越洋无线电信号 1905年R.芬森登利用无线电传送语音和音乐 1906年L.弗雷斯特真空三极管放大器 1915年贝尔系统完成美国大陆电话线路 1918年 E.H.阿尔莫斯通发明超外差接收机电路 1920年第一个定时无线广播 J.R.卡尔松将取样用于广播 1926年美国演示电视 1927年H.布兰克在贝尔实验室发明负反馈放大器 1931年电传打字机投入运营 1933年 E.H.阿尔莫斯通发明调频 1935年R.A.沃特森-瓦特发明第一个实用雷达 1936年英国广播公司(BBC)开办第一个电视广播 1937年 A.雷弗斯提出脉冲编码调制(PCM) 1941年J.V.阿当拉索夫在依俄华州立大学发明计算机 1945年ENIAC电子数字计算机研发于宾夕伐尼亚大学 1947年布雷登、巴登和肖克利在贝尔实验室研制晶体管 S.O.莱斯在贝尔实验室研究噪声的统计表征1948年 C.E.香农发表他的信息理论
2.1 数学、方程与比例 （1）数学来源于人类的社会实践，包括工农业的劳动，商业、军事和科学技术研究等活动。 Mathematics comes from man’s social practice, for example, industrial and agricultural production, commercial activities, military operations and scientific and technological researches. （2）如果没有运用数学，任何一个科学技术分支都不可能正常地发展。 No modern scientific and technological branches could be regularly developed without the application of mathematics. （3）符号在数学中起着非常重要的作用，它常用于表示概念和命题。Notations are a special and powerful tool of mathematics and are used to express conceptions and propositions very often. （4）17 世纪之前，人们局限于初等数学，即几何、三角和代数，那时只考虑常数。 Before 17th century, man confined himself to the elementary mathematics, i. e. , geometry, trigonometry and algebra, in which only the constants were considered. （5）方程与算数的等式不同在于它含有可以参加运算的未知量。 Equation is different from arithmetic identity in that it contains unknown quantity which can join operations. （6）方程又称为条件等式，因为其中的未知量通常只允许取某些特定的值。Equipment is called an equation of condition in that it is true only for certain values of unknown quantities in it. （7）方程很有用，可以用它来解决许多实际应用问题。 Equations are of very great use. We can use equations in many mathematical problems. （8）解方程时要进行一系列移项和同解变形，最后求出它的根，即未知量的值。To solve the equation means to move and change the terms about without making the equation untrue, until the root of the equation is obtained, which is the value of unknown term. 2.2 几何与三角 （1）许多专家都认为数学是学习其他科学技术的必备基础和先决条件。 Many experts recognize that mathematics is the necessary foundation and prerequisite of studying other science technology. （2）西方国家的专家认为几何起源于巴比伦和埃及人的土地测量技术，其实中国古代的数学家对几何做了许多出色的研究。 The western experts think that geometry had its origin in the measurements by the Babylonians and Egyptians of their lands. Infect, the ancient Chinese mathematicians made much remarkable study for geometry. （3）几何的学习使学生在思考问题时更周密和审慎，他们将不会盲目接受任何结论。 In studying geometry, the student is taught to think clearly and critically and he is led away from the practice of blind acceptance of any conclusions. （4）数学培养学生的分析问题的能力，使他们能应用毅力、创造性和逻辑推理来解决问题。
【专业英语课后题答案】徐鹿专业英语答案 Unit 1 The Fundamentals of Computers 1.1 The Varieties of Computers ? III. Translating. – 1. Original : Primary storage, or memory, is the internal computer circuitry that temporarily holds data waiting to be processed. Secondary storage, simply called storage, refers to the devices and media that store data or information permanently. – Translation : 一级存储，或称内存，是临时保存等待被处理数据的计算机内 部电路。而二级存储，简称存储器，是指那些永久性存储数据或信息的设备 和介质。 – 2. Original : A biological nanocomputer, which would be made of DNA and could fit into a single human cell, would use DNA as its software and enzymes as its hardware; its molecular-sized circuits would be viewable only through a microscope. – Translation : 由DNA 制成并能放置在一个单独的人体细胞中的生物学纳米 计算机会利用DNA 作为它的软件，酶作为它的硬件；其具有分子大小尺寸 的电路将只有通过显微镜才能够看见。 1.2 The History of Computers ? III. Translating. – 1. Original : This introduction pought about the first real signs of competition within computing history, which helped to spur faster and better development of computers. – Translation : 这一引入带来了计算历史中可谓第一个真正的竞争标志，有助 于刺激计算机更快 –更好的发展。 – 2. Original : While expensive, these machines started the trend for computers within common households. – Translation : 虽然昂贵，但是这些机器开启了计算机在普通家庭中使用的趋 势。 Unit 2 Computer Hardware 1.1 Computer Motherboard ? III. Translating. – 1. Original : A 2003 study found that some spurious computer crashes and general reliability issues, ranging from screen image distortions to I/O read/write errors, can be attributed not to software or peripheral hardware but to aging capacitors on PC motherboards. – Translation : 2003年的一个研究发现，一些伪劣的计算机损毁和常规可靠性 的问题，从屏幕图像失真到输入/输出读写错误，并不是由于软件或外围硬 件引起的，而是由于PC 机主板上老化的电容器造成的。 – 2. Original : At power-up the central processor would load its program counter with the address of the boot ROM and start executing ROM instructions displaying system information on the screen and running memory checks. – Translation :启动之后，中央处理器将加载记录着引导ROM 地址的程序计数
琼州学院 09通信工程专业《专业英语》试卷 2011 ——2012学年度第 1 学期期末考试（ C ）卷答案 注意事项： 1、考前请将密封线内填写清楚 2、所有答案请直接答在试卷上（或答题纸上） 3、考试形式：（闭）卷 4、本试卷共 大题，满分100分。考试时间120分钟 5 一、科技常用词组翻译（本题共20 小题，每小题 1.5 分，共 30 分） 1、英翻中 (1)client 客户机 (2)router 路由器 (3)hub 集线器 (4)destination address 目的地址 (5)datagram 数据报 (6)amplify 放大 (7)medium 媒介 (8)information 信息 (9)transmission 传输 (10)multimedia 多媒体 2、中翻英 (1)超链接 hyperlink (2)交易 transation (3)电子商务 E-commerce (4)适配器 adapter (5)调制解调器 modem (6)中国电信 China Telecom (7)数字业务 digital service (8)虚拟现实 virtual reality (9)分组交换网 packet-switching network (10)子网 subnetwork 二、英、中词组正确搭配（每组 1 分，共 10 分） 班 级 姓名 学 号 密 封 装 订 线
1.Bearer channel 数据信道5. 2.Terminal Adapter 处理信号4. 3.analog system 用户设备6. 4.handle signaling 载波信道1. 5.data channel 模拟系统3. 6.customer equipment 终端适配器2. 7.service type 端到端数字连接10. 8.Integrated Services Digital Network 数字交换系统 9. 9.digital switching system 综合业务数字网8. 10.end-to-end digital connectivity 业务类型7. 三、把下面句子翻译成中文（本题共 5 小 题，每题 4 分，共 20 分） 1、Data is a collection of un_organized facts. 数据是无组织的事实的集合. https://www.doczj.com/doc/538108953.html,rmation is data that is organized ,has meaning,and is useful. 信息是有组织的,有意义的和有用的数据. 3.The system unit is a box-like case made of metal or plastic. 系统单元是金属或塑料制成的象盒般的箱子. 4.Storage hold data,instruction,and information for future use. 存储器保存数据,指令和信息以便将来使用. 5.Modems are available as both external and internal devices. 调制解调器可作为内部或外部的设备.
“数学专业英语一次函数专题”教学设计 1. 教学内容及解析 教学内容：与直角坐标系及一次函数相关的英语文献资料 内容解析：本节内容应从两个方面去考虑. 一方面，从数学知识的角度，本节所涉及的是从平面直角坐标系到一次函数的数学知识，都是学生学过的基础知识及其应用，是对于这些知识的拉练式复习，并作为后面用英语叙述解答相关问题知识基础；另一方面，从语言的角度，学生会接触到大量没有接触过，但他们却很熟悉的英语词汇及短语，主动学习的学生可以在老师的指导下快速理解其含义并加入到自己的知识体系中，但需要花时间巩固，是需要读、写、说来巩固的内容. 这也正是本节的重点和难点所在. 2. 教学目标及解析 教学目标：①能根据已有的数学知识和给出的单词对照表，将给出的相关数学定理及结论的英语版本翻译为中文；②能理解并解答用英语表述的相关数学问题；③能将解决数学问题的过程用英语进行书面表述；④初步了解用英语表达与直角坐标系及一次函数相关数学理论的范式. 目标解析：学生掌握基本词汇，并能阅读与本节内容相关的英语文献，是学习和使用数学专业英语的最基本要求，学生需要在学习的过程中逐渐由接受，即阅读或聆听，逐渐向输出，即书面和口头表达的方向发展. 为达到此目标，学生需要在课前独立完成对于本节需要的单词的学习，并阅读一系列简短的相关数学文献，并在这个过程中初步体会数学专业英语的表达范式；在课堂上，在教师的指导下对自己的认知进一步补充，并进行一定量的练习，暴露自己的问题，在教师的帮助下修正问题，完善认知. 3. 教学问题诊断分析 学生在进行语言表达时，往往受到母语的限制，对于非母语的表达方式的接受能力一时难以习惯，而数学对于表达能力则有更高的要求，要求叙述简洁、逻辑清晰，因此本教学设计强调学生在有相当阅读量的积累后，通过自主练习，逐渐感受用英语表达数学理论的基本范式. 教师在教学过程中的主要任务在于为学生提供合适的学习资料，在学生学习的过程中给予提示与指导，及时指出学生的问题并予以纠正. 对于语言的学习，阅读量的积累是至关重要的，教师在课堂上的讲解、学生在课堂上的练习，都只是学习的一部分环节，如果需要帮助学生正确掌握表达数学理论的范式，尽量不留死角，就必须保证课前预习和课后复习的有效性，预习复习材料的充足性，这对教师的教学资料的积累和学生自主学习能力，都是一个挑战. 4. 教学支持条件分析 学情条件：初二8班是实验班，学生有较强的学习热情和好奇心，也知道课前预习、课上参与学习活动、课后复习的重要性，在曾经的数学课程教学中，也有一定的课前预习，课堂讨论的传统，对于本教学设计的各个环节，是可以理解教师的用意，并遵循教师的指导进行学习活动. 在知识层面上，学生已经系统学习过一次函数相关的知识，课程中提供的学习资料都是学生熟悉的数学知识；学生在英语学习上，已经有多年的积累，对于英语语法的学
计算机专业英语教程(第四版)习题答案
计算机专业英语（第四版）课后习题答案 Unit 1 [Ex 1] Fb5E2RGbCAP [Ex 2] 1. input, storage, processing, and output 2. power; speed; 1. F 2. T 3. T 4. F 5. T 6. T 7. T 8. T 9. T 10.
memoryp1EanqFDPw 3. central processing unit memoryDXDiTa9E3d 5. keyboard; [Ex 3] B. A. central processing unit; 1. F 2. D 2. monitor 3. G 4. C 5. B main memory; 6. A 7. E monitorRTCrpUDGiT 8. H5PCzVD7HxA 4. internal; primary;
1. user
3. data
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6. information [Ex 4] instructions
7. computer
8. memory 3. manipulates 4.
1. input device 2. screen, screen 5. retrievexHAQX74J0X 8. Function
6. code 7. hard copy
[Ex. 5] 新处理器开始 IT 技术的新时代 New Processors Open New Era of IT Technologies Last week, Intel introduced to the public in Russia and other CIS countries a family of processors Intel Xeon E5-2600. They are more powerful and reliable and, importantly, are very economical in terms of energy consumption. Their
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b--吡啶pyridine 巴比妥酸:barbituric acid比电导conductance 不规则的:irregular 崩解剂disintegrant c--萃取extraction 成团:agglomeration 测量仪measurement 肠液:intestinal fluid d--胆固醇cholestero 对映体:enantiomer 电极electrode 代谢:metabolism f--反相渗透reverse osmosis 分布:disposition g--构象:conformation 固化:solidize j--甲苯toluene 静脉注:intravenous injection 挤压:compress 聚集:aggregate 胶囊capsule l--粒子:particle 立体选择性:stereoselectivity 利用率:availability m--灭菌产品sterile products n--粘合剂adhesive p--偏振光:polarized light 片剂tablet 配剂elixir 排泄:excretion q--起始原料starting materials(raw materials) q醛aldehyde r--溶解度:solubility 乳剂emulsion 润滑剂lubricant s--释放:release 渗液solution 生物膜:biologic membrane 生物碱alkaloid, t---糖浆syrup 甜味剂sweetener w--丸剂pill 微生物microorganism 胃液:gastric fluid 稳定态:steady-state x--旋光异构现象:optical isomerism 悬浮液suspension 香味剂flavor 稀释剂diluent 形状:shape 吸收:absorption 消除:elimination y--胰岛素insulin 压片:tablet compression z--中间体intermediate 重结晶recrystallization 左旋:levorotation 蒸馏distillation 组织tissue a--asymmetric carbon不对称碳absorption吸收action动作adhesive粘合剂c--contamination污染chirality:手性compress压缩composite合成的compressibility:可压缩性compaction:压紧contamination specialize特殊污染conductivity电导率control:控制clinical:临床的 d--design:设计dry:干燥delivery:传送 e-- extend:延长epoxide:环氧化物 f-- formulation:制剂fluidity:流动性f unction:功能 g--geometric isomerism:几何异构 h-- hormone激素hydrolysis diastereoisomer:水解非对映异构体 heterogeneous catalyst多相催化剂， i--irrigating冲洗 m-- metabolite代谢物medication药物治疗medicine内服药mill:研磨measure尺寸mix:混合microorganisms微生物 o--ophthalmic眼药 p-- polysaccharide多糖peptide肽plasma血浆penicillin青霉素，precursor:前体partition coefficient:狭义分配系数pharmaceutical制药的parenteral注射药物pycogens热源procedure:程序 q-- quality性质quantity数量 s-- steroid甾类steric effect:空间效应stereoselectivity:立体选择性screening:过筛sustain :维持 t-- treat治疗therapy:治疗 u--uniformity目标v--vaccine疫苗
通信专业英语复习题Part B 一、基础词汇 1.Inductor电感 2.Alternative Curren t交流电流 3.DC直流 4.Plastic 塑料 5.LED发光二极管 6.fuse保险丝 7.Electric Potential 电势能 8.V oltage电压 9.Ohm’s Law欧姆定律10.Solid 固体12Rectifier 整流器13.Bias 偏置14.FET 场效应晶体管15.Frequency Drift 频率漂移16.Temperature Drift温度漂移 2.OA 18.Gain 增益19.Couple耦合20.Feedback 反馈21.Crystal Oscillator晶体振荡器 22.Conversion 转换23.Phase Detector鉴相器24.Local Oscillator 本机振荡器25.ANT SWITCH天线开关26V oltage Controlled Oscillator 压控振荡器27.Ethernet 以太网28.Configure 配置29.Digital Interface数字接口 30.Frame Relay 帧中继31.TCP 传输控制协议32.PCS 个人通信系统33.DNS 域名服务器34.decode 解码35.Description概述 3.36.Base Station基站37.Mobile 移动39.Transmitter 发送器40.Receiver接收器 二、词汇缩写与翻译 1.High Fidelity，缩写HI-FI，中文翻译高保真； 2.Field Effect Transistor，缩写FET，中文翻译场效应晶体管； 3.Central Processing Unit,缩写CPU ，中文翻译中央处理机； 4.Carrier Sense Multiple Access，缩写CSMA，中文翻译载波监听多址访问； 5.Digital to Analog Converter，缩写DAC ，中文翻译数模转换器； 6.Arithmetic Logic Unit，缩写ALU，中文翻译算术逻辑单元； 7.American National Standards Institute，缩写ANSI，中文翻译美国国家标准协会； 8.Asynchronous Transfer Mode，缩写ATM，中文翻译异步传输模式； 9.Bit Error Ratio，缩写BER ，中文翻译误码率； https://www.doczj.com/doc/538108953.html,mon Traffic Channel，缩写CTCH，中文翻译公共业务信道； 11.Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution，缩写EDGE，中文翻译增强型的GSM环境； 12.Frequency Division Duplex，缩写FDD ，中文翻译频分双工； 13.Global Positioning System，缩写GPS ，中文翻译全球定位系统； 14.Media Access Control，缩写MAC ，中文翻译媒体访问控制； 15.Mobile Broadcast Wireless Access，缩写MBWA ，中文翻译移动广播无线接入； 16.Operation And Maintenance center，缩写OMC ，中文翻译操作维护中心； 17.Orthogonal Variable Spreading Function，缩写OVSF ，中文翻译正交可变扩频函数； 18.Primary Synchronization Code，缩写PSC ，中文翻译主同步码； 19.Real Time Protocol，缩写RTP ，中文翻译实时协议； 20.Total Access Communications System，缩写TACS ，中文翻译全接入通信系统； 21.Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter，缩写UART ： 中文翻译通用异步收发器； 22.Wireless Fidelity，缩写WIFI ，中文翻译无线网； 23.Wideband Code Division Multiple Access，缩写WCDMA，中文翻译宽带码分多址；Watch Dog Timer，缩写WDT，中文翻译监视计时器；
2.1数学、方程与比例 词组翻译 1.数学分支branches of mathematics，算数arithmetics，几何学geometry，代数学algebra，三角学trigonometry，高等数学higher mathematics，初等数学elementary mathematics，高等代数higher algebra，数学分析mathematical analysis，函数论function theory，微分方程differential equation 2.命题proposition，公理axiom，公设postulate，定义definition，定理theorem，引理lemma，推论deduction 3.形form，数number，数字numeral，数值numerical value，图形figure，公式formula，符号notation(symbol)，记法/记号sign，图表chart 4.概念conception，相等equality，成立/真true，不成立/不真untrue，等式equation，恒等式identity，条件等式equation of condition，项/术语term，集set，函数function，常数constant，方程equation，线性方程linear equation，二次方程quadratic equation 5.运算operation，加法addition，减法subtraction，乘法multiplication，除法division，证明proof，推理deduction，逻辑推理logical deduction 6.测量土地to measure land，推导定理to deduce theorems，指定的运算indicated operation，获得结论to obtain the conclusions，占据中心地位to occupy the centric place 汉译英 （1）数学来源于人类的社会实践，包括工农业的劳动，商业、军事和科学技术研究等活动。 Mathematics comes from man’s social practice, for example, industrial and agricultural production, commercial activities, military operations and scientific and technological researches. （2）如果没有运用数学，任何一个科学技术分支都不可能正常地发展。 No modern scientific and technological branches could be regularly developed without the application of mathematics. （3）符号在数学中起着非常重要的作用，它常用于表示概念和命题。 Notations are a special and powerful tool of mathematics and are used to express conceptions and propositions very often. （4）17 世纪之前，人们局限于初等数学，即几何、三角和代数，那时只考虑常数。 Before 17th century, man confined himself to the elementary mathematics, i. e. , geometry, trigonometry and algebra, in which only the constants were considered. （5）方程与算数的等式不同在于它含有可以参加运算的未知量。 Equation is different from arithmetic identity in that it contains unknown quantity which can join operations. （6）方程又称为条件等式，因为其中的未知量通常只允许取某些特定的值。Equipment is called an equation of condition in that it is true only for certain values of unknown quantities in it. （7）方程很有用，可以用它来解决许多实际应用问题。