中英文资料外文翻译文献
Paver screed
1.1 Function Fulfilled by the Screed
The screed, the road paver‘s working tool, fulfils the function of uniformly compacting the paving material across the entire pave width and producing a close-textured and level surface. T he screed‘s compacting systems shall pre-compact the mix to the greatest possible extent. This is to minimize the influence of layer thickness upon the amount of subsequent compaction by rolling when bringing about the pavement’s final density.
For pre-compaction, different compacting systems are available:
T = Tamper (an eccentric shaft causes the tamper bar to move up and down)
V = Vibrators(vibrations are generated by an eccentric shaft acting on the screed plates at right angles to the direction of motion)
P = Pressure Bar(s)(the pressure bar(s) are hydraulically pressed onto the mix at a frequency of 68 Hz (approx.) and a maximum pressure of 130 bar)
P1 = Screed equipped with 1 Pressure Bar
P2 = Screed equipped with 2 Pressure Bar
1.2 Extending Screeds and Bolt-on Extensions
For all VOGELE screeds, bolt-on extensions are available. The VOGELE system of bolt-on extensions allows to easily and sturdily build up screeds to any pave width desired. Even when paving in large widths, VOGELE screeds work with highest precision and achieve superb degrees of uniform density right up to the pavement edges. When fitting bolt-on extensions, care must be taken to ensure that the bottom edge of the screed plate is flush with the adjacent units, otherwise a step may be produced in the pavement or the screed planning angle may change. During the paving process, this can have a negative effect on pre-compaction, surface structure and floating behaviour of the screed.
1.3 Set-Up of the Extending Screed
1. Position both extending units in place so that the screed plate of the basic unit and the screed plates of the extending units are roughly level.
2. Slacken the chains connecting the spindles on the extending unit so that each spindle can be adjusted independently.
3. Carefully lower the screed onto the extending units. Timber should be placed under the middle of the two extending units.
4. Now adjust the screed planning angle via the tow point rams so that the screed plate rests on the timber.
5. Remove the locking screw from the threaded bush on all spindles.
6. Adjust all threaded bushes.
7. Refit the locking screws.
8. Raise the screed and secure it so that it cannot sink.
9. Lay a ruler along the inner and outer spindle pairs and then adjust the height of the extending unit via the front and rear spindles with the aid of a special wrench, so that the screed plate of the basic unit is level with the trailing edge of the extending unit. Now adjust the planning angle of the extending unit via the front spindle.
10. Reconnect the spindle pairs with the chains.
11. Raise the frame of the extending unit by approx. 4mm so that it roughly corresponds to the planning angle of the screed.
12. During the first on-site job, the height of the extending units must be corrected until a longitudinal step is no longer visible.
1.4 Fixed-Width Screeds
1.4.1 Compacting Systems Installed in Fixed-Width Screeds
TV = Tamper and Vibrators
Installed in:
- SB 250 - SB 300
Recommended for:
- All conventional mixes.
- Materials which are easy to compact or thinner pavement layers.
- Jobs where paving can be done in a largely constant width.
-Large radii.
TP2 = Tamper and 2 Pressure Bars
Installed in:
- SB 250 (and Hydraulic Bolt-on Extensions)
- SB 300 (and Hydraulic Bolt-on Extensions)
Recommended for:
- All conventional mixes.
- A screed in TP2 version achieves a high pre-compaction even of thick pavement layers.
- Mixes which are difficult to compact on account of their grain shape and consistency.
- Jobs where paving can be done in a largely constant width.
- Large radii.
- Less effort required for subsequent compaction by rolling.
TP1 = Tamper and 1 Pressure Bar
Installed in:
- SB 250 (and Hydraulic Bolt-on Extensions)
- SB 300 (and Hydraulic Bolt-on Extensions) Recommended for:
- All conventional mixes.
- Pre-compaction by a screed in TP1 version is higher than by a TV screed, but lower than by a screed in TP2 version.
- Jobs where paving can be done in a largely constant width.
- Large radii.
- Less effort required for subsequent compaction by rolling.
TVP2 = Tamper, Vibrators and 2 Pressure Bars
Installed in:
- SB 250 - SB 300 - SB 250 B
Recommended for:
- Jobs where paving can be done in a largely constant pave width.
- Large radii.
- SB 250, SB 300: All conventional mixes.
- SB 250 B: For paving PCC? as this type of job does not include subsequent compaction by rolling.
1.4.2 Fixed-Width Screeds and Bolt-on Extensions
As a general rule, bolt-on extensions should be fitted symmetrically on both sides of the screed, wherever possible. The advantage of a Fixed-Width Screed is a deeper screed plate of 500mm compared to a screed plate of 250mm found on Extending Screeds. This has a positive effect upon the screed‘s floating behaviour. Moreover, the leading edge of the Fixed-Width Screed forms a single line over the entire pave width and different planning angles do not leave marks in the pavement. Fixed-Width Screeds are capable of handling considerably larger pave widths than Extending Screeds, albeit with restrictions as regards the screed‘s variability. As a result, Fixed-Width Screeds are particularly suited to paving long sections with a large, unchanging pave width.
1.4.3 Building Up a Fixed-Width Screed with Bolt-on Extensions
Bolt-on extensions are fitted to enlarge the scr eed’s width. The trailing edges of the screed plates shall be flush across the entire pave width. The leading edges of the screed plates should be set higher towards the outside by roughly 0.5mm.
In order to prevent the bolt-on extensions from bending towards the rear as a result of the pressure exerted by the mix, horizontal braces must be fitted.
Horizontal braces are to be fitted in such a way that the trailing edges of the screed plates are flush.
To compensate the uplift at the outer edges of the screed, there should be a light sag of the screed when raised. The magnitude of this sag depends on the pave width. The sag can be adjusted by way of the braces over the screed’s basic unit.
1.5 Set-Up of Tamper
The tamper shall be set to an identical stroke length across the entire pave width. The setting can be changed by simply turning the eccentric bush on the shaft driving the tamper bar. The driving shaft is accessible from behind, so that this can easily be done between job site sections. Adjusting the lower reversal point of the tamper bar, however, takes more time. First, the tamper shields need demounting. Then remove the screws on all shaft brackets. After loosening the locking nut (2), the tamper bar can be adjusted via bolt (1). The height to be set depends on the tamper stroke selected.
1.6 Set-Up of Tamper Shield
The tamper (3) must be set so that it rests on the wear strip (1) across the full width. Then adjust the spring steel bar (2) on the tamper shield by means of screw (4) from the rear of the screed until a gap of 0.5 - 1mm is obtained between tamper bar and the spring steel bar. Release screws (6) and fit various small shims (5) to align the tamper shield. With the tamper shield correctly aligned, the spring steel bar (2) is at least parallel with the tamper or preferably inclined slightly to the front. Check the clearance between tamper and spring steel bar and correct, if necessary.
Tip!
At a stroke length of 2mm, the tamper bar should be flush with the screed plate (check with your hand).
1.7 Set-Up of Pressure Bar(s)
1. Unscrew the nut (2) with anti-twist device (3) on the hydraulic ram (1) for the pressure bar.
2. Turn the hydraulic ram (1) to adjust the height of the pressure bar. The clearance (7) between pressure bar and bottom edge of the screed plate should be at least 4mm.
3. Check that the hydraulic ram for the pressure bar makes contact with metal plate (5) when retracted.
4. Set pre-tension of spring (6) to
5.5mm via nut (4) to yield a distance (8) of 59.5mm.
5. Resecure the hydraulic ram (3) for the pressure bar.
1.8 Bevel Irons
Bevel irons shape and compact the edges of the pavement. They are available with a bevel edge of 45°and 60°. Their size depends on the thickness of the layer to be paved.A heating rod can be installed as an option to improve the sliding properties of the bevel iron.
1.9 Function Check of Screed Heating
All screed components in contact with the hot mix should be heated to approx. 90 °C before starting work. It is recommended to protect the screed against excessive loss of heat to the surroundings so that the heating power can be utilized effectively, for instance by putting down the screed, preferably on hot mix. Asphalt may stick to the tamper bar, screed plates or pressure bar(s) if the screed temperature is too low. This can lead to the formation of strips and an irregular surface texture. The floating behaviour of the screed may vary before it reaches its operating temperature, with the result that layer thickness may also vary and deviate from the desired one. For the “dash 2“ machines, a monitoring unit for screed heating is available as an optional extra. This feature monitors each single heating rod for proper function and indicates any fault without delay.
Should one of the green indicator lights extinguish over a prolonged period of time, then the reason may be:
n Poor insulation
n Asymmetrical power consumption
n Generator temperature too high
Tip!
Directly after switching on screed heating, correct operation of the heating rods can be checked by cautiously touching the tamper bar, screed plates and pressure bar(s). Advantage：
A failure of heating rods is detected immediately. New parts can be procured without delay to promptly restore the screed‘s full functionality.
Parameters Influencing the Paving Process
2.1 Paving Material
Mix Temperature - The mix temperature should be constant and
high enough to prevent the mix from cooling
before it is laid.
- Paving material that has cooled is harder to
compact.
- The load bearing capacity of the mix, too,
depends on its temperature.
- Feed of the paver with mix shall be planned
with a view to an optimal temperature for
paving.
Grain Size - The maximum grain size should not exceed
1/3 of the layer thickness.
Mix Composition - The composition of the mix should remain
constant throughout the paving job.
Properties of the Mix - Properties of the mix have an influence upon
the screed’s floating behaviour.
- Paving materials with a high bearing capacity
confront the screed with a higher resistance
than materials of poor bearing capacity.
- Conveying and compacting systems can be set
up in an optimal manner to match the type of
mix.
2.2 Paving Parameters
Layer Thickness - The larger the layer thickness, the larger the
screed planing angle.
Pave Width - The floating behaviour of the screed changes
in accordance with the pave width.
Paver Stop - The longer the paver stop, the greater the
irregularity to be expected in a longitudinal
direction.
Ambient Conditions - Ambient conditions, such as temperature,
can influence the mix and change the floating
behaviour of the screed.
2.3Relationship Between Tamper Speed and Pave Speed
While paving, when screed tow point rams are not changed in position, an equilibrium of forces comprising pave speed, screed weight and tamper speed is established. If any one of these parameters changes, this immediately affects the screed‘s floating behaviour. Tamper speed and pave speed are very strongly dependent on one another. Any change in pave speed without changing the tamper speed and position of the screed tow point rams will affect pre-compaction of the mix. If the pave speed is increased without simultaneously increasing the tamper speed, the load bearing capacity of the mix will be reduced and the screed lay a thinner layer at a steeper planing angle.
Paving with Automated Grade and Slope Control
If Automated Grade and Slope Control is used for paving, the desired elevation of the screed can be maintained by increasing the planning angle, but pre-compaction will not remain constant.
After Compaction by Rolling
When the roller passes over the mix, the amount of extra compaction will differ on account of varying pre-compaction and result in irregularities in the surface.
2.4Functions of the Hydraulic Rams for Raising / Lowering the Screed
Screed Float
Normally, mix is paved with the screed in Screed Float mode. In other words, the piston-side and rod-side valves operating the hydraulic rams are open for free up and down movement.
Screed Assist
If the bearing capacity of the mix is poor, the screed will not reach the desired elevation even when set to a large planing angle. The Screed Assist function allows pressure to be applied separately to the right and left-hand hydraulic rams from below. This pressure counteracts the screed weight and allows it to float up in accordance
with the magnitude of the pressure.
Screed Freeze
The Screed Freeze function is activated automatically following a paver stop in Screed Float mode. The valves activating the hydraulic rams for raising / lowering the screed are closed on both the piston and the rod sides, thus briefly suspending the Screed Float mode in order to prevent irregularities in the pavement when resuming paving.
摊铺机的熨平板
1.1熨平板履行的功能
熨平板是道路摊铺机的工作工具，能达到均匀密实整个摊铺宽度的摊铺材料和生产质感密切而且水平的表面的功能。熨平板的压缩系统，紧凑的组合到最大限度。这是为了尽量减少当达到路面的最终密度时滚动对后续压实层厚度的影响。
对于预压实，有不同的压缩系统可供选择：
T=振捣夯锤（偏心轴使振捣夯锤向上和向下移动）
V =振动器（振动产生的偏心作用在熨平板直角轴的运动方向）
P =压力杆（压力杆是液压压力在组合频率68赫兹（约）和130杆的最大压力）P1 =熨平配备1压杆
P2 =熨平配备2压杆
1.2 伸缩式熨平板和螺栓扩展装置
对于所有的福格勒熨平板，都可以使用螺栓扩展装置。福格勒熨平板的螺栓扩展系统可以很容易的得到任何所需宽度的熨平板。即使在一个大的宽度铺路时，福格勒熨平板的工作精度仍然最高，而且可以使路面边缘的均匀密度达到精湛的程度，当安装螺栓扩展装置时，必须采取护理措施，以确保熨平板的底边是与相邻的部位平齐，否则一个小步骤都可能使摊铺路面或熨平规划角度发生改变。在摊铺机的铺设过程中，对预压实,表面结构和熨平板的浮动行为可以有一个消极的影响。
1.3向上延伸式熨平板
基本单元扩展单元
Ⅰ.扩大延伸部位，使熨平板的基本部位和熨平板的延伸部位大致水平。
Ⅱ.放松链来连接扩展部位的主轴，使每个主轴都可以独立调整。
Ⅲ.仔细降低熨平板的延伸部位。振捣夯锤应安装在两个延长部位中间。
Ⅳ.通过撞击的牵引点来调整熨平板的熨平刨角，使熨平板依赖于振捣夯锤。Ⅴ.从所有主轴的螺纹衬套中调整锁紧螺钉。
Ⅵ.调整所有的螺纹轴套。
Ⅶ.重新装上锁紧螺钉。
Ⅷ.提高找平层并且固定它，以便它不能下沉。
Ⅸ.奠定了一个沿主轴内部和外部的统治者，然后借助一个特殊的扳手，通过主轴的前部和后部调整延伸部位的高度，以便熨平板的基本部位与扩展部位后缘是水平的。然后通过主轴前端调整延伸部位的刨角。
Ⅹ.连接主轴和链。
Ⅺ.提高延伸部位的结构约4毫米，使它与熨平板的刨角大致相符。
Ⅻ.在第一次现场工作中，必须纠正延伸部位的高度直到纵向的平台不再可见。
1.4宽度固定的熨平板
1.4.1安装有压缩系统的固定宽度的熨平板
TV =振捣夯锤和振动器
安装在：- SB 250 - SB 300
推荐指数：
- 所有传统的混合物。
- 材料易于形成紧凑型或较薄的路面层。- 摊铺工作中在很大程度上是固定宽度的。
- 大半径
TP2 =振捣夯锤和2个压力杆
安装在： - SB 250（和液压螺栓扩展）
- SB 300（和液压螺栓扩展）推荐指数：
- 所有传统的混合物。
- 熨平板在TP2的形式下能实现高的预压实，甚至是厚的路面层。
- 纹理形状和强度难以压缩的混合料。
- 摊铺工作中在很大程度上是固定宽的。- 大半径
- 后续的滚动压实需要较少的努力。
TP1 =振捣夯锤和1个压力杆
安装在： - SB 250（和液压螺栓扩展） - SB 300（和液压螺栓扩展）推荐指数：
- 所有传统的混合物。
- 熨平板在TP1形式下预压实高于TV形式熨平板，但低于TP2形式熨平板。
- 摊铺工作中在很大程度上是固定宽的。- 大半径
- 后续的滚动压实需要较少的努力。
TVP2 =振动器，振捣夯锤和2个压力杆
安装在：- SB 250 - SB 300
- SB 250 B
推荐指数
- 摊铺工作中在很大程度上是固定宽度的。
- 大半径
- SB 250, SB 300: 所有传统的混合物。- SB 250 B: 用于摊铺PCC，这种工作的类型不包括随后的滚动压实。
1.4.2固定宽度的熨平板和扩展螺栓
作为一般规则，在扩展的螺栓两侧应尽可能装有对称熨平板。一个固定宽度的熨平板的优势是与250mm的熨平板相比，500mm熨平板多了一个延伸熨平板。这对熨平板的浮动行为有积极的作用。此外，固定宽度熨平的领先优势是形成了整个摊铺宽度超过一行和不同的刨角不离开路面的标志。固定宽度的熨平板对于相当大的摊铺宽度处理能力比延伸熨平板强，虽然它有限制熨平板的变异。因此，固定宽度的熨平板特别适合摊铺一个大的、长的路段，且保持不变的摊铺宽度。1.4.3建立固定宽度的熨平板和螺栓的扩展
螺栓上的扩展配备扩大熨平板的宽度。熨平板的后缘应和整个摊铺宽度平齐。熨平板的前缘应朝外面高出大约0.5毫米。为了防止施加混合压力，螺栓向后方弯曲时扩展，且必须安装水平支撑。水平支撑以和熨平板后缘平齐的方式安装。为了弥补熨平板的外缘隆起，在熨平板提升时应该有一个轻微的凹陷。这个凹陷的大小取决于摊铺宽度。凹陷可以以熨平板的基本装置伸张的方式来调整。
1.5振捣夯锤的设置
振捣夯锤应设置一个与整个摊铺宽度相同的行程长度。只需转动在振捣夯锤驱动轴上的偏心轴瓦就可以改变这个设置。传动轴是从后面接近，以便可以很容易地完成工作现场之间的作业。但是，调整振捣夯锤的较低的逆转点需要更多的时间。首先，振捣夯锤的外壳需要拆卸。然后移动所有轴支架上的螺丝。在松开锁紧螺母（2）后，振捣夯锤的杆可以通过螺栓（1）来调整。高度根据振捣夯锤冲程的选择来设置的。
1.6振捣夯锤外壳的设置
振捣夯锤（3）必须被设置，以便它在横跨整个宽度时依赖于消耗沉淀槽（1）。然后通过熨平板后方的螺丝（4）来调整振捣夯锤上的弹簧钢条（2），直到振捣夯锤的杆和弹簧钢条之间的缝隙为0.5 - 1毫米。松开螺丝（6），安装各种小垫片（5）以调准振捣夯锤。随着振捣夯锤的调准，弹簧钢条（2）至少平行于振捣夯锤或最好向前稍微倾斜。如果必要的话，检查振捣夯锤和弹簧钢条之间的间隙。注意！
在行程长度为2mm时，振捣杆应该与熨平板平齐。
1.7压力杆的设置
压力杆熨平板
Ⅰ.拧松液压油缸（1）上反捻装置（3）的螺母（2）来使压力杆工作。
Ⅱ.打开液压油缸（1）调整压力杆的高度。压力杆和熨平板底部边缘之间的间隙（7）至少应有4毫米。
Ⅲ.检查液压油缸，使压力杆和金属板（5）在接触时撤回。
Ⅳ.通过螺母（4）把弹簧（6）的预张力设置为5.5毫米，以产生59.5毫米的距
离（8）。
Ⅴ.为了压力杆重复加固液压油缸。
1.8斜角铁杆
斜角铁杆的形状和结构紧凑的路面的边缘。他们提供了45°和60°的倒角，其大小取决于铺层的厚度。可以把安装一个加热棒作为改善锥铁的滑动性能的一个选项。
1.9熨平板加热功能检查
1引擎2控制台
3控制箱/保险丝盒
4配电器盒5发电机
6带加热棒的振捣夯锤
7带2个加热棒的熨平板
在开始工作前，所有与混合热接触的熨平板组件都应加热到90°?左右。为了保护熨平环境不损失过多的热量，而使加热功率能够被有效利用，最好是放下熨平板，选择混合热。如果熨平板温度太低，沥青可能会粘到振捣夯锤，熨平板或压力杆上。这种现象可能会导致裂纹的形成和不规则的表面纹理。在达到操作温度之前，熨平板的浮动行为可能会有所变化，同时导致铺层的厚度可能有所不同，而且会偏离所需的结果。对于”dash 2”机，一个熨平板供热的监测装置是可有可无的。这一特征监视每个加热棒的功能是否正常，并表示没有任何故障延误。绿色指示灯熄灭过长时间，原因可能是：
※保温性能差
※功耗不对称
※发电机温度过高
提示！
直接打开熨平板加热开关后，通过轻轻地碰触振捣夯锤，熨平板和压力杆来检查加热棒的正确操作。
优点：可以立即检测加热棒的故障。可以购买新的部件并毫不拖延地恢复熨平板的全部功能。
铺装过程中的影响参数
2.1铺装材料
混合料温度- 混合料温度应该是恒定的而且足够高，以
防止混合料在被压平前冷却。
- 冷却的铺路材料是难以压缩的。
- 混合料的承载能力，也取决于其温度。
- 摊铺机用混合饲料应该有一个计划好的最
佳的摊铺温度。
粒径- 最大粒径不应超过铺层厚度的1/3。
混合料成分- 在整个摊铺工作中，混合料的成分应保持
不变。
混合料的性质- 混合料的性质对熨平板的浮动行为有影
响。
- 承载能力强的摊铺材料比承载能力较差的
材料对熨平板的电阻比高。
- 输送和压缩系统可以建立一个最佳的方式
去匹配混合料的形式。
2.2摊铺参数
铺层厚度- 铺层厚度越大，找平刨角度越大。
摊铺宽度- 熨平板的浮动行为按照摊铺宽度变化。
摊铺机停止的时间- 摊铺机停止的时间越长，在纵向方向的预
压实越不规则。
环境条件- 环境条件，如温度，能够影响混合料而且
也能改变熨平板的浮动行为。
2.3振捣夯锤速度和摊铺速度的关系
在铺路时，当熨平板牵引点的位置不改变，就会建立一个由铺设速度，熨平板的重量和振捣夯锤速度组成的力量的平衡。如果这些参数的任何一个变化，会立即影响熨平板的浮动行为。振捣夯锤速度和铺设速度非常强烈的彼此依赖。振捣夯
锤的速度和熨平板牵引点没有任何改变而只改变摊铺速度，将会影响混合料的预压实。如果摊铺速度增加，而增加振捣夯锤速度没有同时增加，混合料的承重能力将降低，而且熨平板会在陡峭的刨角设置较薄的铺层。
铺路中自动斜坡控制
如果自动化斜坡控制用于摊铺中，熨平板所需的高度就可以通过提高规划的角度来维持，但预压实不会保持不变。
滚动压实后
当滚轴经过混合料，额外压实量对不同的预压实会有所不同，而且会产生不规则的表面。
2.4提高/降低熨平板浮动的液压油缸的功能
通常情况下，混合料是在熨平板处于熨平浮动模式下被摊铺的。换句话说，活塞端和杆端阀门的操作是在液压油缸被打开且向下运动时进行的。
熨平板的协助
如果混合料的承载能力差，即使设置大刨角，熨平板也不会达到预期高度。熨平板的辅助功能允许压力分别从下边作用于右手的液压油缸和左手的液压油缸。这种压力抵消了熨平板的重量而且允许它根据压力的大小来浮动。
熨平板的冻结
当一个摊铺机在熨平浮法模式时，熨平板的冻结功能就会被自动激活。活塞和杆两侧用于提高/降低熨平板的液压油缸的激活阀门被关闭，这样短暂中止熨平板浮动模式，是为了防止在恢复铺路时人行道上的违规行为。