常用字根( Roots)、字首(Prefixes)、字尾(Suffixes)
字根
( Roots)
Roots Meaning Example
acerb, acr bitter, sharp acr id(辛辣的),acerb ic(刻薄的),
acerb ate(刺激的),acu men(敏銳)
ac, acr sharp; sour acrimonious
act, ag do acti vate(使活動),ag itate(鼓動)
agility
agr land, field agriculture(農業),agrarian(土地的),
agronomy(農業經濟)
ali, alter other alienate alternative
am love amateur
amb(u)l walk ambulate(步行),preamble(序言)
anima life, mind, spirit animate(有生命的), animal(動物),
animus(敵意)
anim mind; soul unanimous
ann, enn year anniversary(週年的),biennial(兩年一次的)
millennium perennial
anthrop man anthropology(人類學)philanthropic
apt fit aptitude
aqu water aquatic(水生的),aquarium(水族館)
arch foremost, rule patriarch(長老),archetype(典型),
monarch(君主),architect(建築師)
aster star asterisk(星號),asteroid(小行星),
astronomy(天文學)
aud hear auditorium(禮堂,聽眾席),auditor(審查員,旁聽生)auto self automatic(自動的),automobile(汽車),
autobiography(自傳)autonomous
bell war bellicose(好戰的),belligerent(交戰國)
bene good, well beneficial(有益的),benign(良性的)
bio life biology(生物學),biography(傳記)
brev(brevi)short abbreviate(縮短),brevity(簡短)
cad, cid, cas fall coincide cascade
cand shine candid(坦白的),candle(蠟燭),
candor(公正無私)
capit head capital(首都),capitulate(投降)
capt, cept, ceive take accept(接受),capture(捕獲),
receive(接受)receptacle
carn flesh carnal(肉慾的),carnivore(食肉動物)cede, ceed, cess go, yield access(接近),proceed(前進),
recede(後退),concede(讓步)
accessible
celer speed (swift)accelerate(加速),decelerate(低速)
cent one hundred century(一世紀),c entigrade(攝氏表,分為百度的)cern, cert decide, see discem(辦到),certify(證明),
concem(關心)
cern, cret separate secretion
cide, cis cut, kill excise(切除),incise(刻),
suicide(自殺)
civ citizen civilian(平民的),civic(市民的)
chron time anachronism(按時間順序的),
chronology(年代學),chronic(慢性的)
chrono time chronological
cord heart cordial(熱心的),discord(不和諧的)
corp body corporal(身體的),corpse(屍體),
corporation(公司)corpulent
cre grow accretion
cred believe credible(可靠的),credit(信用),
creed(信條)incredulous
cumb lie down succumb
curs run precursor
cycle circle bicycle(自行車),cyclone(旋風),
recycle(回收利用)
demo people demagogue(煽動者),democratic(民主的)dem people endemic epidemic
dic, dict speak dictation(口授,聽寫),dictator(獨裁者)
jurisdiction vindicate
domin master dominate(支配),dominion(統治)
rule predominant
dox thought paradoxical
duct lead conduct(引導,傳導),conductor(指揮家,列車長),
educate(教育)
dynam power dynamic(有力的),dynamotor(發電機),
dynasty(統治者)
ego I, self egotistic
equ, equi equal equivalent equivocal
err wander error(錯誤),errant(迷妄的)
fa speak affable nefarious
fact, fec, fic do, make artifact(人工製品),factor(因素),
manufacture(製造)
fac make benefactor facsimile
fall deceive infallible
fer carry vociferous
fide trust confide(吐露),confidence(自信),
fidelity(忠實)
fid faith diffidence
fin end, limit confine(界限),finish(完成),
infinite無限的)
flex, flect bend reflect(反射),flexible(彈性的)
flu flow fluctuation(波動),influenza(流行性感)
affluent fluctuate
fort strength fortress(要塞),fortitude(剛毅),
fortify(強化)
frag, fract, fring break fragile{易碎的),fracture(破碎),
infringe(侵犯)
fus pour suffuse
gam(y)marriage monogamy(一夫一妻制),polygamy(一夫多妻;一妻多夫)gen bear, birth, kind genetic(遺傳的),regenerate(再生),
gender(性別)
produce congenial ingenuous
gnos know prognosis
grad, gress go, step gradual(逐漸的),graduate(畢業),
progress(進步)
gram, graph writing autograph(簽名),diagram(圖形),
graphic(圖表的)
greg collect congregation gregarious
hend grasp comprehend(理解),apprehend(逮捕)
here stick coherent
homo same homogeneous(同類的),homosexual(同性戀的)
hydr water hydrant(消防栓),hydraulics(水力學),
hydrogen(氫),hydrotherapy(水療法)
dehydrate
it, itiner go; journey itinerant obituary
ject emit, throw eject(噴出),inject(注射),object(反對),
reject(拒絕),project(計劃)
jud, jur, jus law judgment(判決),jury(陪審團),
justice(司法)
junct join junction(接合),adjunct(伴隨),
conjunction(結合的),disjunction(分解)
leg law legal(合法的),legitimate(合法),
levity(輕率)
allegiance illegitimate
loc place local(地方的),location(位置),
locomotive(火車頭)
log word, study prolog(序言),epilog(結語),
monologue(獨自),logic(邏輯學),
psychology(必理學)
log, loqu speak analogy soliloquy
luc, lumin light elucidate
magn great magnificence
mand order command(命令),mandate(委任)
mandatory
manu hand manual(手工的),manipulate(操作)man, manu hand emancipation manipulate
mar sea manne(海洋的),submarine(海底的)med middle intermediate(調停), median(中央的),
media(媒體)
meter, metry measure symmetry
miss, mit send mission(發出),transmit(傳送),
missile(飛彈)
commission intermittent
mob, mot, mov move mobility(流動),automobile(汽車),
motion(運作),remove(移去)
mono one monopoly
mort death mortal(致命的),mortuary(太平間)
nav ship navigate(航行),navy(海軍)
noc injure innocuous
nom name nominate(提名),nominal(名義上的)nov new renovate(革新),novel(新奇的),
novice(初學者)
omni all omnipresent(無所不在的),omnipotent(萬能的)onym name anonymous pseudonym
oper work cooperate(合作),operation(手術,操作)ori begin; rise aboriginal disorient
part share, divide partition(區分),participate(參與,分享)pass, path suffer, feel passion(熱情),pathetic(慼傷的)
pat suffer compatible
ped foot pedal(踏板),pedestrian(行人)
expedite impediment
ped child pediatrician(小兒科醫師),orthopedic(整形外科)pend, pens hang perpendicular propensity
pet, petit seek petition
phon sound euphonious(悅耳的),phonograph(留聲機),
telephone(電話)
pli fold accomplice duplicate
port carry transport(運輸),portable(手提式的),
porter(挑夫)
pos, posit put decompose juxtaposition
potent powerful omnipotent
prec pray precarious
prim first prime(晟初的),primary(初步的),
primal(最初的)
pseudo false pseudonym
puls drive compulsory
put trim; think indisputable
quis seek acquisition inquisitive
rect straight direct(直接的),rectify(改正),
rectangle(矩形)
rog ask prorogue
rupt break disrupt(破壞),interrupt(妨礙),
erupt(爆發),rupture(破裂)sanct sacred sanction
sat enough insatiable
sci know science(科學),conscience(良心)scope watch telescope(望遠鏡),microscope(顯微鏡)scribe, script write inscribe(銘記),prescription(處方),
description(描寫)prescribe
sent feel sentimental
sequ, secut follow obsequious prosecute
sid sit assiduous residual
sign mark signature(簽名),design(設計)
son sound resonant
spect look, see, watch conspicuous(顯著的),spectator(觀眾),
inspection(檢查)
spect, spic look retrospect
spir breathe perspire respiration
stitut stand destitute
string tie stringent
struct build structure(構造),construction(結構)tang touch intangible
ten, tin hold pertinent sustenance
tend, tens stretch extend(伸展),tension(拉緊)tens,tent stretch contention ostensible
term end, limit terminate(終止),terminal(終點)
terr land; earth subterranean
theo god theology(神學),atheist(無神論者)tract draw intractable
tribut bestow distribute(分配),contribute(捐助)trus thrust a bstruse obtrusive
urb city urban(都市的),suburb(郊區)
vac empty evacuate
vene, vent come intervene(介入),prevention(預防)vers, vert turn convert(改變),diversion(轉移),
reverse(反轉)
diversify inadvertent
vi way deviate impervious
vid, vis see vision(視力),video(映像的)
improvise provisional
vit, viv life vital(生命的),revive(復活)
vivacious
voc, vok call invoke(祈求),vocal(有聲的),
provoke(喚起)avocation
volu,volv turn over, roll involve(捲入),revolve(旋轉),
evolution(進化)
字首
(Prefixes)
Roots Meaning Example
a,ab away, from abnormal(異常的),absence(缺席),
abstain(棄權),abuse(濫用),
averse(嫌惡的)
aboriginal abstruse
ad to, toward adopt(採用),adore(崇拜),
adorn(裝飾)
ac, ad, ag, at to; toward accomplice adjunct
ambi both ambiguous(模稜兩可),ambivalent(情感矛盾的)an without; not anarchy anonymous
ante before antecedent(前例),anticipate(預期)anti against antagonist
bene wel; good benefactor benevolent
bi two bicycle(自行車),bifocal(雙焦點的),
bilingual(雙語的)bilateral
cata down categorize
circum around circumstance(環境), circumscribe(限制)co, coI, com, con, cor with, together cooperate(合作),coeducation(男女合校),
cohere(附著),colleague(同事),
collaborate(合作),collate(對照),
compare(比較),combine(結合),
consent(同意),concentrate(集中),
correspond(符合),correlate(使有關連),
contradict{反駁),contrary(相反)
compromise
contra against contradict(反駁),contrary(相反)
de down, out escend(下降),decline(衰退),
(down; away)delay(延遲),deduct(減去),
demote(降級),denounce(抨擊),
deny(否定),depress(使沮喪)
derivative deviate
di down, away, out differ(不同),diffuse(擴散),
digest(消化),digress(離題),
dilate(膨脹),dilute(稀釋)
dis, di apart; not disposition disorient
dec ten decade(+ 年),decimal(+ 進小數)dis bad, wrong disable(使無能),disadvantage(不利),
disaster(災禍),discard(放棄),
discharge(卸除),disclose(揭發),
discount(折扣),disorder(雜亂),
disease(疾病),disguise(偽裝),
disgust(厭惡),dismiss(解散),
dispute(爭論),dissent(異議),
disturb(擾亂),disability(無行為能力)em, en to make embark(搭載),embarrass(使困窘),
embitter(使痛苦),embody(具體表現),
enjoy(喜愛),enlarge(擴大),
enhance(提高),enforce(強迫)
ex out, from exceed(趦越),excel(優於),
exclude(除外),exhaust(耗盡),
exile(放逐),expand(擴充),
expel(驅逐),expire(期滿,吐氣),
export(輸出),except(除外)
ex, e out elucidate exacerbate
extra beyond, outside extraordinary(非常的),extraneous(體外的),
extravagant(浪費的),extrasensory(第六感)
eu well eulogy euphonious
fore before forebear(祖先),forecast(預測),
foresee(先知),foresight(遠見),
foretell(預言),foreword(前雷),
forward(向前)
il, im, in not illegal(非法的),illiterate(文盲的),
impossible(不可能的),immovable(固定的),
incapable(無能為力的),insignificant(微不足道的),
innocent(無辜的)
in, im not indisputable integrate
in, im into inquisitive insinuate
inter between, among interaction(相互作用),international(國際的),
intermediate(中介的),interchange(替換),
interfere(干涉),intercept(阻止)
intermittent
mono, uni one monarch(君王),monopoly(獨占),
monogamy(一夫一妻制),monotony (單調),
unicom(獨角獸),uniform(制服),
union(聯合),unite(合併)
ne not nefarious
ob against, over object(反對),oblige(迫使),
(toward; against)obscure(含糊),observe(觀察),
obsolete(過時的),obstacle(障礙)
obtrusive
omni all omnipotent
pan all panacea panorama
per through perennial peruse
poly many polyglot(多語言混合),polygon(多邊形),
polytechnic(工藝的)
post after postpone(延期),postscript(後記),
posterity(後裔)posthumous
pre before preview{預習),predict(預測),
preface(序言),prelude(序幕),
previous(以前的)
precursor predominant
pro forward, before proceed(進行),profound(深遠的),
progress(進步),project(計劃),
prolong(延長),promote(升遷),
propose(提議),prospect(展望),
provoke(引起),procession(行列)
prognosis prohibitive
re again, back rebate(折扣),recall(回想),
recede(後退),recover(尋回),
recur(回想),reduce(減少),
research(研究),resign(辭職),
review(複習),return(回覆),
rebuild(翻修)
receptacle renovate
semi, hemi, demi half semiconductor(半導體),semicolon(分號),
semifinal(準決賽),semiannual(半年的),
hemisphere(半球),demigod(半神半人)sub, sus under subway(地下鐵),submarine(海底的),
submerge(淹沒),subsequent(後來的),
succeed(繼承),substitute(代替),
suspect(猜疑),suspend(暫停),
sustain(支持)subterranean
super, sur above, over superior(優秀的),superstition(迷信),
supervise(監督),supreme(至高的),
surface(表面),surpass(勝過),
surplus(剩餘),surround(包圍),
survey(調查)surreptitious
syn together symmetry synopsis
trans across, through, over transcend(超越),transform(改變),
transient(暫時的),transit(經過),
transmit(傳送),transport(運輪)
transparent
tri three triangle(三角形),triple(三倍),
tripod(三腳架)
un not untenable
uni one unanimous(全體一致的),uniform(製服),
unify(統一),union(聯盟),
unique(獨特的),unit(單元),
universe(宇宙)
名詞字尾
(Noun Suffixes)
I.People who do things(從事某種工作的人的字尾)
Suffixs Meaning Example
-ee one who (passive) advisee(接受輔導者,研究生),employee(職員)-eer one who, (that which) pioneer(拓荒者),engineer(工程師),
racketeer(勒索者)
-er one who, (that which) employer(老闆),porter(挑夫),
teacher(老師),worker(工人),
leader(領袖),writer(作家)
-or one who, (that which) advisor(顧問,指導教授),
visitor(訪客),inspector(檢查員),
professor(教授),doctor(醫生),
director(主任),senator(參議員)
benefactor precursor
II. People associated with thijzgs andplaces(與某種事情或地點結合的人的字尾)
Suffixs Meaning Example
-an of, belonging to American(美國人),Canadian(加拿大人),
Roman(羅馬人)
-ian follower, doer musician(音樂家),magician(魔法師),
physician(內科醫師)
-ist one who motorist(開汽車的人),artist(藝術家),
scientist(科學家),pianist(鋼琴家>,
geologist(地質學家)protagonist
III. Feminine forms(女性的字尾)
Suffixs Meaning Example
-ess one who, (that which) actress(女主角),hostess(女主人),
princess(公主),goddess(女神),
stewardess(空中小姐),waitress(女侍)
-ine, trix heroine(女英雄),aviatrix(女飛行員)
IV. Diminutives (有关小”的字尾)
Suffixs Meaning Example
-et,-let pocket(口袋),booklet(小冊子),
pamphlet(小冊子),leaflet(小葉),
streamlet(小河),ringlet(小環)
-ling, -ule duckling(小鴨),molecule(分子)
-en chicken(膽小),maiden(少女),
kitten(小貓)
雙子音+y kitty(小貓),daddy 爸爸),
mommy(媽咪), Bobby,
Johnny, sunny
V.The state of being(其它的名詞字尾)
Suffixs Meaning Example
-age act of marriage(婚姻),storage(倉庫),
baggage(行李),luggage(行李),
passage(一節)
-al approval(批准),arrival(到達),
recital(違說),refusal(拒絕)
-ance, -ence,(-ency)quality of acceptance(接受),assistance(協助),
convenience(方便),occurrence(事件)
state; quality sustenance diffidence
-ary one who, (that which) secretary(秘書),missionary(傳教士),
dictionary(字典),functionary(公務員)
-ary,- ate person candidate
-dom state, quality kingdom(王國),freedom(自由),
wisdom(明智)
-hood condition of childhood(童年),womanhood(女性),
fatherhood(父權),neighborhood(鄰居),
likekihood(可能性)
-ion, -sion, -tion state, quality, act transportation(運輸),conversion(轉換),
selection(選擇),division(分配),
intervention(干涉),installation(安裝)
-tion action exaggeration manifestation
-ism quality, doctrine communism(共產主義),realism(寫實主義),
Buddhism(佛教),heroism(英雄氣概)
-ity state, quality, act charity(仁慈),equality(平等),
hostility(敵對),calamity(災難),
humidity(溼度)
state of being contiguity velocity
propensity
-ment result equipment(設備),placement(介紹工作),
installment(分期付款),development(發展),
punishment(處罰), settlement(安頓),
assignment(分派)
impediment predicament
-ness a state or condition sameness(共同之處),greatness(重要),
humbleness(謙遜),kindness(親切)
-ship state of, rank of friendship(友誼),fellowship(交情;研究費),
leadership(領導;指揮),scholarship(獎學金),
relationship(關係),membership(會員)
-tude state; quality aptitude altitude
VI. Contain or hold a quantity(有關“量”的名詞字尾)
Suffixs Meaning Example
-ful mouthful(少量),handful(一把),
cupful(一杯量),bottleful(一瓶量)
動詞字尾
( Verb Suffixes)
I. To make(有關“使…,做為…”意思的動詞字尾)
Suffixs Meaning Example
-ate make, act evaluate(評估),calculate(計算),
speculate(思索),circulate(循環),
translate(翻譯),separate(分開),
create(產生)
alternate navigate
confiscate
-en make, past time strengthen(使強壯),soften(使柔軟),
sharpen(使銳利),lighten(使光明),
worsen(使惡化)
-fy, -ify make, cause classify(分類),specify(指明),
purify(淨化),simplify(簡化)
diversify
-ize,(-ise)make, cause generalize(普及),specialize(專門化),
realize(實現),tranquilize(安定),
immumze(免疫),criticize(批評)
categorize hypnotize
形容詞字尾
(Adjective Suffixes)
I. Having the quality of(有關“品質”或“程度”的形容詞字尾)
Suffixs Meaning Example
-able, -ible capable of credible(可信賴的), capable(有能力的),
eligible(合格的),edible(可食的),
portable(手提式的),responsible(可靠的)
able to accessible insatiable
-ant,characterized by significant(重要的),sufficient(充分的),
hesitant(猶豫的),resistant
-ent evident(明顯的),excellent(優秀的),
magnificent(宏偉的),prudent(精明的)
-ary ordinary(普通的),elementary(基本的),
sanitary(衛生的),complimentary(稱讚的)-ory preparatory(預備的),satisfactory(令人滿意的),
sensory(知覺的)
-ish similar to foolish(愚蠢的),selfish(自私的),
childish(幼稚的),girlish(少女似的),
oldish(稍老的),feverish
-ile like; capable of versatile juvenile
-like childlike(天真的),Godlike{像神一樣的),
ladylike(如淑女的)
-some wholesome(有益健康的),handsome(英俊的),
bothersome ( =troublesome)(令人煩惱的),
tiresome(令人厭倦的),lonesome(孤單的)
-ous full of generous(慷慨的),famous(著名的),
dangerous(危險的), courageous(勇敢的)
luxurious(豪華的)
-ious full of infectious fictitious
-worthy trustworthy(可信賴的),seaworthy(值得航海的),
praiseworthy(值得稱讚的)
-Iy having the quality of daily(每日的),monthly(每月的),
lonely(孤獨的),lovely(可愛的),
fatherly(像父親的),lively(活潑的)
friendly
- y full of, possessing healthy(健康的),wealthy(富裕的),
thirsty(口渴的),chilly(微寒的),
salty(鹹的),shiny
II. –ful and -less(有關“-ful”及“-less”的形容詞字尾)
Suffixs Meaning Example
- ful(=with)full of beautiful(漂亮的),colorful(生動的),
wonderful(驚人的), faithful(忠實的),
harmful(有害的), meaningful(無意義的)
plentiful
-less(-without)without careless(粗心的),painless(無痛的),
endless(無限的),useless(無用的),
harmless(無害的),homeless(無家可歸的)
helpless
III. Comparatives and superlatives(有關“比較級”和“最高級”的形容形容詞字尾)Suffixs Meaning Example
- er more longer, younger, higher
-est most longest, youngest, highest
副詞字尾
( Adverb Suffixes)
I. These are similar to the adjective suffixes(与形容詞字尾相似的副词字尾)
Suffixs Meaning Example
-er(比較級)harder,faster
-est(最高級)hardest,fastest
-Iy in the manner of slowly, quickly, normally(正常地)