高考英语完形填空讲解
完形填空是一篇语义完整、层次清晰、短小精悍、上下文逻辑关系密切的文章，近年来特别强调对整体的感知和把握。高考完形填空在整个试卷中起着承上启下的作用，它要求考生既具备综合运用语言知识的能力，又要有一定的阅读理解能力，同时还要有一定的综合思维和逻辑推理能力。完形填空是高考的一个重点，同时也是一个难点，当然也是考生大量失分的一个环节。
高考完形填空命题有什么特点和变化？考生面对这些特点和变化如何积极备考？完形填空考查考生什么方面的能力以及如何有效解题？此文旨在帮助大家明确解题方向，拓宽解题思路。
1.高考完形填空的命题特色、变化及备考策略
⑴首句不设空。保留一个完整的提示句，以引导考生迅速有效地把握文章的基调和内容，考生需要重视和理解这个提示句，联系文章结尾，作充分不明确的理解和把握，不能一视而过，错失把握文章主旨的良机。
⑵备选答案多以实词为主，虚词为辅。实词是指动词、名词、形容词和副词；虚词是指连词、介词和代词。这种命题思想提高了考试难度，同时成了重要的被考指导原则及形式为内容服务的原则。考生需要把握解题的突破口：整体把握文章信息，避免单一的语法角度解题。
⑶由从四个选项中选择一个“正确答案”过渡为选择“最佳答案”。这在解题做答时，就有了质的变化，对考生语言能力提出了更高的要求。考生需要辨别备选词的细微差别，依据语境联系上下文，做出更准确更确切的选择，而不仅仅是根据语法解题。
⑷突出语篇，语境选择为主，语法选择为辅。从高考完形近几年的变化可看出，只需要依据空句本身就可以看出答案的小题只占10%到20%，需要跨越句子解题的占80%以上，解题需要纵观全篇，才能做出正确选择，这就需要考生解题时把注意力放在通篇把握上，不要做单句的理解，割裂语篇要传递的信息。
⑸短文题材向多样化发展。从多年的高考完形来看，试题大多是叙述性文体的小故事。随着高考英语水平的不断升级，完形填空已经突破了单一的叙述性文体，可能在叙述文体为主的情况下，说明文、甚至议论文和描述性说明文体，或者向突出细节描写，刻画人物内心描写，夹叙夹议等方向发展。因此考生要关注这种变化，平时训练中要做多样化的试题，要做到有的放失。
提出这五种命题特色和变化，目的在于考生对高考完形有一个整体的把握和认识，启发大家要更新观念，改进固有的学习习惯和解题思路，真正在完形填空这一难点上有所突破和创新。
2. 高考完形填空考查能力的角度：
高考完形填空通常从五个角度考查考生的语言能力，即：
⑴词义辨析型⑵固定搭配和常用短语型⑶利用上下文进行逻辑推断型⑷语境型
⑸利用文化背景和文化常识推断型。
1. 词义辨析型⑴定义：重点考查考生对英语实词的意义和用法的掌握，尤其是对近义词或短语在
具体语境中词义范围、程度、感情色彩等方面区别的准确把握。
⑵命题分析：例1.
As I drove my blue Buick into the garage, I saw that a yellow Oldsmobile was 21 too close to my space. I had to drive back and forth to get my car into the 22 space. That left 23 enough room to open the door.
21. A. driven B. parked C. stopped D. stayed (park强调停的状态，stop强调停的动作)
22. A. complete B. close C. narrow D. fixed (fixed是固有的，误选D就简单化，缺乏语境.C)
23. A. quite B. nearly C. seldom D. hardly (表达一个否定的意义，只有D符合。)
例2. they wanted to make as much ( 37 noise ) as possible to force ( 38 the government officials ) to realize what everybody was having to 39 .
39. A. stand B. accept C. know D. share (B是主动接受，A是被动忍受)
⑶解题认识：词义辨析往往需要借助于语境和上下文的逻辑关系进行判断，而不是单纯的考查词义
的区别。对于常用的实词多义要加强积累，不能停留在仅仅掌握基本词义上面。
2. 固定搭配和常用短语型
⑴定义：主要考查动词、名词、形容词等在句中与其它词的灵活搭配以及常见的固定短语。
⑵例题分析：Hidden passengers traveling in ships, trains, or even cars can be a terrible trouble--- especially when they are insects. As for this, there is a great 36 between human beings and insects. The former37 every possible effort to avoid being discovered, while the latter quickly
38 attention to themselves.15’03’’
36. A. connection B. difference C. communication D. similarity (B) the former…while the latter
37. A. do B. take C. make D. try (C. 固定搭配make an effort to do sth.)
38. A. give B. keep C. pay D. draw (只有draw attention to 才符合语境)
⑶解题认识：固定搭配的考查也往往结合语境和上下文，体现了高考“内容为重，形式为辅”的原则。考生既要记住固定搭配和日常短语的固定形式，又要准确地把握其意义，解题过程中不能一看到熟悉的结构就不假思索地做出选择。
3. 利用上下文进行逻辑推断型
⑴定义：这类题的备选选项为隐性信息，需要借助上下文相关信息（指相近或相反）和关键提示词才能做出判断。
⑵例题分析：例1. In it(the parcel) were photos of all the actors of our show, personally signed by each performers. There were also50 of the public procession (游行队伍) and fireworks in the park, taken by the front-desk in her own time after work.
50. A. rules B. pictures C. handbooks D. performances (B, picture和photos构成also关系take picture) 例2. The huge mountain is called Matterhorn Mountain. Climbers had reached the top, using the southern route. But no one had ever dared to try a winter climbing up the 4 side. But now one man was daring to try the 5 route. He was Walter Bonatti, a great mountain climber from Italy.
4. A. western B. eastern C. southern D. northern (关键词but和上文southern 选择D)
5. A. difficult B. different C. same D. easy (A,第二个but后的一句话表明北线更难)
⑶解题认识：根据上下文进行逻辑判断属于较难的考点，考生务必要善于抓住上下文的关键信息点，以及表达对等、对比关系的连接词和短语。从意群的角度做出判断，切忌做单句理解和判断。
4. 语境性完形
⑴定义：审题和解题时需要通篇考虑，整体理解。要有整体意识，把握文章主旨、情节发展和作者思路。
⑵例题分析：Dear Laura, I just heard you tell an old story of gift giving and unselfish love in your program. You doubted that such unselfish love would happen in today’s world. Well, I’m here to give you 36
I wanted to do something very 37 for my fifteen-year-old son, who has always been the prefect child. He 38 all the summer to earn enough money to buy a sued motorcycle. Then, he spent hours and hours on it until it looked almost new. I was so 39 of him that I bought him the shiniest helmet and a riding outfit.
I could 40 wait for him to open up his gift. In fact, I barely slept the night before. Upon awakening, I went to the kitchen to start the coffee, tea, and morning goodies. In the living room was a beautiful keyboard with a 41 : “To my wonderful mother, all my love, your son.”
36. A. hope B. advice C. support D. courage (A)
37. A. polite B. similar C. special D. private (C)
38. A. played B. studied C. traveled D. worked (D)
39. A. sure B. fond C. proud D. confident (C)
40. A. perhaps B. really C. almost D. hardly （D）
41. A. note B. notice C. word D. sign (A)
⑶解题认识：在解语境题型时，要善于通过抓主题句或者归纳主旨把握整个篇章的语境，以判断作者的写作目的、态度以及思想情感，以此为主线把握情节的发展；同时解题过程中要兼顾到上下文逻辑关系。
5.利用文化背景和文化常识进行推断类题型
⑴定义：语言是文化的载体，考查语言运用能力的同时，有时需要考生运用所应该掌握的个一些文化背景和文化常识协助解题。
⑵例题分析：例1. Every morning she would give him breakfast in bed and bring him the papers to 30 .
30. A. check B. read C. keep D. sign (B )
例2.. English is spoken as 9 language by nearly three hundred million people: in the United States, Britain, Australia, Canada and South Africa. As a second language, English is often used for 10 business, education, information and other activities in a great many countries such as India, Pakistan, Nigeria, Singapore, and Philippines.
9. A. the first B. an official C. a native D. a state (C)
10. A. some B. all C. private D. official (D)
⑶解题认识：需要利用文化背景和常识进行判断的题型通常是作为一个英语学习者应该而且能够掌握的，难度不是很大，但是也需要考生在日常的学习和阅读中加强积累，增强学习的乐趣。
综合试题的解析：
No man can change the weather. Nobody can control the weather. But if we 1 correctly the signs around us we 2 what the more changes in the weather will be. This way of telling what the weather will be like the following day or two is called weather forecasting. For many centuries and in all countries people have 3 the weather and tried to 4 weather forecasting.
1. A. see B. look C. read D. take (动词词义辨析，read the sign搭配)
2. A. tell B. speak C. talk D. point （只有A才是vt，）
3. A. studied B. learned C. searched D. researched (只有AD有研究的意思，但D是vi。)
4. A. do B. take C. make D. get （固定搭配make weather forecasting）
Sometimes 5 objects such as hills and tall trees seem to be very clear and near. This is a 6 of much water vapor in the 7 and therefore rain will probably come. Rings round the sun are a sign of coming rain. Many people feel in their 8 the coming of wet weather. Their joints（骨头节）ache. Some birds fly 9 as fine weather is coming but they fly near the ground if 10 or stormy weather is 11 the way.
5. A. small B. away C. near D. distant ( D)
6. A. sight B. sign C. mark D. shape (B是迹象、征兆)
7. A. air B. sky C. heaven D. earth (in the air在空气中，B在天空中，C 在天堂on earth)
8. A. legs B. arms C. skins D. bones (D,)
9. A. high B. highly C. low D. quickly （HIGH）
10. A. wet B. dry C. rainy D. sunny (or表RAINY)
11. A. by B. in C. for D. on (on the way 在途中)
It is probably because of the insects (昆虫) which they are hunting 12 they fly 13 . If you see a rainbow during rainy weather, this is a sign that the weather will become clear and fine. Such
14 always come in the evening. If the stars 15 clearly at night, then fair weather will 16 .
12. A. that B. which C. where D. when (强调句)
13. A. high B. low C. fast D. slow (B.逻辑推断题，fly low 与fly near the ground相对应。)
14. A. as B. rainbows C. weather D. day （B.名词词义辨析，如选C，则come应为comes。）
15. A. twinkle B. appear C. bright D. seem (A.动词词义辨析，)
16. A. begin B. stop C. continue D. be (C.语境推理及常识，)
If a fog appears in the morning just about sunrise, then the day will be warm. Instead, if a fog appears in the evening the next day will be wet 17 . If the sunset is mostly red in 18 , then the following day will be fine. If a rainbow appears in the morning, rainy weather will probably come. Most of the 19 sayings have been made by people who have used their 20 and brains to make weather forecasting.
17. A. day B. weather C. hour D. time (B.语境推理和常识)
18. A. edge B. surface C. centre D. color (D。同上)
19. A. above B. below C. important D. interesting （A. 根据上下文逻辑推断）
20. A. bodies B. hands C. eyes D. legs （C。名词词义辨析，）
例2. 语境篇和词义辨析篇
One afternoon I was sitting at my favorite table in a restaurant, waiting for the food I had ordered to arrive. Suddenly I 36 that a man sitting at a table near the window kept glancing in my direction,
37 he knew me. The man had a newspaper 38 in front of him, which he was 39 to read, but
I could 40 that he was keeping an eye on me.
36. A. knew B. understood C. noticed D. recognized (C。动词词义辨析)
37. A. since B. even if C. though D. as if （D. 语境和关联词辨析）
38. A. flat B. open C. cut D. fixed (B.语境和形容词辨析)
39. A. hoping B. thinking C. pretending D. continuing (C. 语境及动词词义辨析)
40. A. see B. find C. guess D. learn ( A，明白，看得出。语境逻辑和动词辨析)
When the waiter brought my 41 the man was clearly puzzled by the 42 way in which the waiter and I 43 each other. He seemed even more puzzled as 44 went on and it became 45 that all the waiters in the restaurant knew me. Finally he got up and went into the 46 . When he came out, he paid his bill and 47 without another glance in my direction.
41. A. menu B. bill C. paper D. food (D. 上下文逻辑推理)
42. A. direct B. familiar C. strange D. funny (B, all the waiters到knew me是提示)
43. A. chatted with B. looked at C. laughed at D. talked about （A. 语境及动词辨析）
44. A. the waiter B. time C. I D. subject (B 语境及固定搭配)
45. A. B. C. D. (语境及习惯表达，clear与puzzled相对应)
46. A. restaurant B. washroom C. office D. kitchen （D. 上下文逻辑推理）
47. A. left B. acted C. sat down D. calmed down ( A. 语境逻辑)
I called the owner of the restaurant and asked what the man had 48 .”well” he said, “that man was
a detective(侦探). He 49 you here because he thought you were the man he 50 .”“What?” I said, showing my 51 . The owner continued, “He came into the kitchen and showed me a photo of the wanted man.”
48. A. wanted B. tried C. ordered D. wished (A. 语境逻辑及动词辨析)
49. A. met B. caught C. followed D. discovered (C. 同上)
50. A. was to beat B. was dealing with C. was to meet D. was looking for (D.语境及短语辨析)
51. A. care B. surprise C. worry D. regret (B. 语境逻辑及what表明吃惊)
I 52 say he looked very much like you! Of course, since we know you, we told him that he had made a
53 .”“Well, it’s really 54 I came to restaurant where I’m known,”I said, “55 , I might have been in trouble.”
52. A. must B. can C. need D. may (A. 情态动词在特定语境中应用)
53. A. discovery B. mistake C. decision D. fortune (B.语境理解及词义搭配和名词习惯搭配)
54. A. a pity B. natural C. a chance D. lucky (D. 上下文逻辑推断)
55. A. Thus B. However C. Otherwise D. Therefore (C. 语境逻辑及副词辨析lucky与in trouble对比)
综合篇
The measure of a man’s real character is what he would do if he knew he would never be found out.
Thomas Macaulay.
Some thirty years ago, I was studying in a public school in New York. One day, Mrs. Nanette O’Neill gave an arithmetic 1 to our class. When the papers were 2 she discovered that twelve boys had made exactly the same mistakes through the test.
1. A. test B. problem C. paper D. lesson (A。下文paper及后文through the test)
2. A. examined B. completed C. marked D. answered （C. 动词辨析A是检查，B是完成）
There is nothing really new about 3 in exams. Perhaps that was why Mrs. O’Neill didn’t even say a word about it. She only asked the twelve boys to 4 after class. I was one of the twelve.
3. A. lying B. cheating C. guessing D. discussing (B. 上下文逻辑推断及动词辨析)
4. A. come B. leave C. remain D. apologize (C. 被留下来，同上)
Mrs. O’Neill asked 5 questions, and she didn’t 6 us either. Instead, she wrote on the blackboard the 7 words by Thomas Macaulay. She then ordered us to 8 these words into our exercise-books one hundred times.
5. A. no B. certain C. many D. more (A。上下文逻辑判断，下文either)
6. A. excuse B. reject(拒绝、排斥) C. help D. scold (D. 同5)
7. A. above B. common C. following D. unusual （A。语境判断）
8. A. repeat B. get C. put D. copy (D. 动词辨析)
I don’t 9 about the other eleven boys. Speaking for 10 I can say: it was the most important single
11 of my life. Thirty years after being 12 to Macaulay’s words, they 13 seem to me the best yardstick(准绳)，because they give us a criterion(准则) to measure ourselves rather others.
9. A. worry B. know C. hear D. talk （B. 动词辨析）
10. A. myself B. ourselves C. themselves D. herself （A. 常用语）
11. A. chance B. incident C. lesson D. memory (C. 语境及动词辨析)
12. A. referred B. shown C. brought D. introduced (D. 同11)
13. A. even B. still C. always D. almost (B。语境及上下文判断)
14 0f us are asked to make great decisions about nations going to war or armies going to battle. But all of us are called 15 daily to make a great many personal decisions. 16 the wallet, found in the street, be put into a pocket 17 turned over to the policeman? Should the 18 change received at the store be forgotten or 19 ？Nobody will know except you. But you have to live with yourself, and it is always 20 to live with someone you respect.
14. A. All B. Few C. Some D. None (B. 上下文判断)
15. A. out B. for C. up D. upon (D。动词辨析A是大声叫唤，D是号召，要求C是需要，提倡)
16. A. Should B. Must C. Would D. Need （A.情态动词及上下文逻辑推断）
17. A. and B. or C. then D. but (B。上下文语义判断)
18. A. extra B. small C. some D. necessary （A。形容词辨析，多找的钱）
19. A. paid B. remembered C. shared D. returned （D。上下文语义判断）
20. A. easier B. more natural C. better D. more peaceful (C. 抽象，语境题, 符合主旨)
通过这个讲座，希望大家对高考完形填空的命题特点，能力考查角度以及备考策略有一个新的认识，希望大家在做大量练习之前，多做些研究和思考，做到有的放失，既提高做题效率，也可以把自己的语言能力提高一个水准。希望大家积极有效备考，在完形填空上有所突破，取得好成绩。
高考英语完形填空综合解析 要提高完形填空的解题能力，首先应该综合全面地了解完形填空。要了解完形填空，我们需要回答五个问题。第一个问题：什么是完形填空？第二个问题：完形填空的特点是什么？第三个问题：学生存在的问题是什么？第四个问题：如何解完形填空？第五个问题：平时如何训练？只有解决了这五个问题，才能有的放矢地对完形填空进行教学和研究。 一、什么是完形填空？ 完形填空又称综合填空，其命题原理是格式塔心理学。格式塔心理学强调整体感知和对文章从语义上的整体把握。简单说完形填空就是在一篇语意完整的短文中有目的地制造一些空白，造成信息链的中断，让考生在理解短文的基础上，综合运用所学知识和常识，对每个题的备选项做出尽可能合理的分析、判断，从中选出正确答案或最佳答案，使重新构建的文章主旨鲜明，文意畅达，逻辑严密。如果空格要求学生填入连词、介词、冠词等，则空格为功能性空格；如果要求填入名词、形容词、动词等实义词，则空格为语义空格。从近几年的高考试题看，完形填空以语义空格为主，语法部分的内容已经弱化为对词法的考查。完形填空的空格分为四种类型：词内项、词间项、句内项、句间项，难度是逐渐上升的。 二、完形填空的特点是什么？ 1. 完形填空的题型特点 近几年来的完形填空题，有以下几个特点： ⑴短文难度基本稳定，与高中英语教材课文难易基本相当。 ⑵短文选材一般为故事性文章，极少采用其它题材的文章。但往往不按时间顺序平铺直叙，有插叙或倒叙，有时还夹有描述和议论。 ⑶短文的第一句不设空格，提供给考生一个思路，以便考生做题。 ⑷考查内容主要是逻辑上的通顺，极少是考语法，所以每题四个选项大多属同一语法范畴。 ⑸短文长度基本稳定，一般在250～300个单词左右。 2. 完形填空选项设置的几个特点 ⑴同义、近义词辨析型。多倾向考查动词、名词、形容词。所以平时要多把这几类词性的词归纳记忆。 ⑵固定搭配型。多倾向考查动词和介词或副词、名词和介词、形容词和介词、典型句子结构的搭配。 ⑶常用语法。时态和语态、从句连词。 ⑷根据上下文的逻辑关系确定选项型。 3. 近年高考完形填空题的命题趋势和新题动向 ⑴阅读量逐年提高，阅读时间减少。 ⑵生词量有增无减。 ⑶长句增多，句式灵活，结构复杂。 ⑷题目设置上单纯语法考查减少，上下文联系考查力度加大，并且以同义词、相似词为典型的迷惑选项增多。 ⑸完形填空的第一句都是完整的句子，并且每篇文章都有一个主题。 三、学生存在的问题是什么？ 有些考生虽然具有一定的基础，但完形填空题的得分却总不尽如人意。他们的问题概括起来主要有以下几方面：
2012高考英语完形填空答案详解 安徽卷 When I settled in Chicago，my new city seemed so big and unfriendly, Then I had a 36 problem and had to go to hospital for a 37 examination. It seemed a small 38 compared to the one I was about to face ,but things started to go 39 right from the beginning , Not having a car or 40 the city, I was depending on a couple of buses to get me from A to B, 41 I’d left myself plenty of ti me, soon it was 42 I was going to be late, as I had mistakenly boarded a bus that was taking me in the 43 direction. I 44 the bus and stood on the pavement not knowing what to do, I look into the eyes of a 45 who was trying to get past me, 46 instead of moving on ,she stopped to ask if I was 47 , After I explained my 48 to her, she pointed to a bus stop across the street , where a bus would take me back into the city to my 49 . Sitting there waiting , I felt 50 that someone had been willing to help . 51 , hearing a horn （喇叭）nearby, I looked up to see a car with my new friend 52 at me to get in, She had returned to offer me a 53 to the hospital. Such unexpected 54 from a passer-by was a lovely gift to receive, As I climbed out of the car at the hospital and turned to thank her, she smiled and told me not to lose 55 ，for all things are possible. 36. A. physical B. traveling C. social D.housing A后面说不得不去医院 37. A. scientific B.final C.previous D. Thorough D A表示科学检查 B 表示最终检查C 表示“以前的”，D表示“全面的” 38. A. chance B. challenge C. success D.error 与后面的face相匹配 39. A. wrong B. easy C. fast D. Ahead 与前面的go 构成词组，表示出错了。 40. A. leaving B. visiting C. knowing D. Appreciatin g 没有自己的车，不了解这所城市，后面走错路是必然 41. A. Although B. Since C. Unless D. Once 虽然留了足够的时间 42. A. strange B. necessary C. obvious D. Important 很明显要迟到了，暗示后面的appointment. 43. A. same B. right C. general D. opposite 方向反了，后面的back into the city就是暗示 44. A. looked at B. waited for C. got off D. ran into 下车，然后站在人行道上pavement 45. A. driver B. friend C. stranger D. Gentleman 满眼都是陌生人 46. A. Especially B. Surprisingly C. Probably D. Normally 事情从此转机了，所以是surprising了。 47. A. nervous B. excited C. OK D. Dangerous 此情此景问一句“Are you OK?是自然地 48. A. idea B. motivation C. excuse D. Situation 只有解释自己的种种境况了。
高考英语完形填空考试解 题三大角度 完形填空题型有着极为深远的理论背景。在19世纪物理学重大发现“场理论”的启发下，德国心理学家柯勒等人提出了“格式塔心理学”，强调人类认知过程中的宏观性和整体性。1953年，美国语言学家Wilson Taylor基于上述理论，首次提出完形填空这种题型，旨在测试考生利用已知信息恢复不完整语言材料的自然倾向强度，进而考查考生的语言能力。 作为选拔性考试，高考必须具有较高信度、效度和必要的区分度以及一定的难度。完形填空的重点在于综合考查考生的词汇和语法等基础知识以及阅读和写作等语言运用能力，正好满足了高考的需求。自从1987年首次出现在高考英语试卷中以来，完形填空题型历来都属于高考英语中能力要求最高、试题难度最大的一类题型。
研究历年的各套高考完形填空题，可以从具体的题目之中看出该题型中若干对我们解题非常有帮助的共同特点： 一、从所选文章的角度 体裁上，以叙为主，叙议结合。高考完形填空题的选材多为具有一定故事情节的记叙文或是叙议结合、以叙为主、富有哲理的论说文，这是和高考考生的语言水平紧密结合的。高考是各级各类英语测试中相对较简单的一种，因而采取了常见体裁中较简单的记叙文作为题目载体。因此，短文一般按照时间线索行文，内部逻辑清晰层次分明。 题材上，选用真实世界中的语言材料，考查考生使用语言进行信息获取和社会交际的能力，对心理问题、校园生活、奇闻轶事等热点话题继续关注，并兼顾高考的公平性原则，不涉及特定地域或人群色彩较浓的不具有一般性的话题。
难度上，基本与现行高三教材相当。字数上，完形填空短文词数在240——320之间。 二、从所挖空格的角度 首先，该题型所选短文一般无标题，但首句通常不设空，目的是让考生熟悉语言环境，迅速进入主题，对文章有宏观和整体性的把握，建立正确的思维导向。正文中通常挖去20个词，平均每14词挖一个空格，通常不会出现两个空格前后相连或同一句子挖空超过三个的情况。 其次，挖去的词汇以实词为主，虚词为辅。语言分为形式和内容两方面，而完形填空题多重视考查语言的内容，这是与承载具体信息的实词紧密相关的。在高考对具体语法规则不断淡化的趋势下，常与语言形式即具体语法条目相关的虚词数量不断下降，目前仅在3个空格左右。
做好高考英语完形填空的14种技巧 1?跳读首尾句进行预测一般来讲，高考完形填空的首、尾句通常是不挖空的。先跳读这两句J便可判断体裁，猜想它要讲什么。若首句交代了When J where, who, What，即四个W，那么就是记叙文，很可能就是一个故事，为了测试语篇的理解能力，出题者特别注意选材的趣味性，其结尾往往出人意料，耐人寻味；若首句是提出或解释说明某事物，一般来说是说明文；若首句提出一个论点，那么就是议论文。 首句往往开宗明义，是文章的主题。细读首句可启示全文。而尾句又往往是对 文章主题的总结。所以，它们是了解文章大意的一个窗口，对我们理解全文有着重 要的启示作用。因此，要充分利用段首句提供的信息，去挖掘文章的思路，寻找文 章的脉络与线索。 EVel yn Glennie WaS the first IaCly Of SOIO PerCUSSi On in SCOtIancl .In an in terview, She recalled how She became a PerCUSSi On SOIOiS 打（击乐器独奏演员）in SPite Of her CliSabiIity.本文主要讲述的是苏格兰第一位女打击乐器独奏演员EVel yn GIe nnie在耳聋的情况下成功学习打击乐器的经历。根据首句给出的信息，下面我们可以猜想EVeIyn GIe nnie学习打击乐器过程必然充满困难，而能够在耳聋的情况下学习打击乐器，EVeIyn GIennie对音乐肯定也是充满热情的。 2.利用语法分析解题完形填空虽然以语境填空为主，但也有部分考查语法项目的 题目。对于这 类题，考生可以利用平时所学的词汇知识，分析单词（组）的使用范围、动词的及物和不及物，并利用句子结构、句式特点等知识全面衡量所有选项排除干扰。如：__ 51 ____ do you SUPPOSe he asked for them? 51 ? A. What B. HOW C. WhO D. WhiCh 【解析】本题中，do you SUPPOSe为插入成分。he asked for them是一个相对独立和完整的句子，因此空格处应该用副词HOW来修饰谓语动词asked,而不能用代词What5 WhO或WhiChO __ 8 ____ I had been born in the 16th CentUry J I WOUICl have had no job. 8.A. BeCaUSe B. While C. If D. SinCe 【解析】根据后面的I had been born in the 16th CentUry可知这只是个假设 5 是一个虚拟语气的条件句。故前面要用if引导。 3.利用固定搭配解题完形填空题中对词汇知识的考查，主要体现在习惯用法和 同义词、近义词 的辨析两方面。习惯用法是英语中某种固定的结构形态，即所谓的“习语"，不能随意改动。所以，考生平时应掌握好习惯用法。对词义辨析题的考查有加大力度的趋势。要做好这类题，需要有较大的词汇量和词语搭配能力、词语辨
2019全国卷1高考英语完形填空答案详细解析 【预览部分】 【完形填空答案与详细解析】 【主旨大意】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。本文主要介绍乞力马扎罗山的垃圾污染问题以及当地管理机构努力治理之后环境的改观。本文就游客对乞力马扎罗山自然环境的破坏展开论述，对山体环境进行介绍，意在引起人们对于自然环境的重视。 41. D。考查动词词义辨析。译文：每年有40,000人到非洲最高的山脉乞力马扎罗山（Kilimanjaro）旅游，他们带来了许多废品垃圾。解答此题根本不用费什么心思，读完第一、第二句马上就明白：此题是因果逻辑推断题，即第一句是原因，第41空句是结果。根据前文Every year about 40,000 people attempt to climb Kilimanjaro, the highest mountain in Africa.可知每年都有很多人去游览乞力马扎罗山，由此可推测该空是说游客将垃圾废物随身带到了山上。keep with意为“把……与……放一起”；mix with意为“（使）与……混合/结合”；connect with意为“与……连接”；bring sth. with sb. 意为“某人随身带来……”；故只有选项D切题。故选D。 42.C。考查名词词义辨析。译文：拥挤的人群破坏了美丽的乞力马扎罗山。此题仍然属于因果关系推断题。根据上一句Every year about 40,000 people attempt to climb Kilimanjaro, the highest mountain in Africa.可知，每年有大约四万人游览乞力马扎罗山，所以此处是指游客所造成的破坏，由此推断出本题答案是crowds（拥挤的人群）。A. stories故事；B. buildings建筑物；C. crowds人群；D. reporters记者。故选C。 【正文】 第三部分语言知识运用（共两节，满分45分） 第一节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Every year about 40,000 people attempt to climb Kilimanjaro, the highest mountain in Africa. They 41 with them lots of waste. The 42 might damage the beauty of the place. The glaciers（冰川）are disappearing, changing the 43 of Kilimanjaro. Hearing these stories, I’m 44 about the place —other destinations are described as “purer” natural
高考英语完形填空解题技巧 高考英语完形填空解题技巧 (一)利用句首信息，推测语篇主旨 完形填空所选短文的第一句常为主题句，一般不设空。把握了主题句对于理解全文和解题很有帮助。 例： As a general rule ,all forms of activity lead to boredom when they areperformed on a routine(常规)basis. As a matter of fact ,we can see this 41____atwork in people of all42 ages (2014课标I) 41. A. principle B. habit C. way. D. power 解析：本文首句为主题句，根据首句中的a general rule (一般规则)可知本空答案为principle. (二)寻找提示信息，重现语境意义 完形填空主要考查考生对语境的理解，所以考生在做题时要有全局观念，进行连贯性思维，要把每个空白处的含义与前后句的意思联系起来理解，进行合乎逻辑的推理判断。难选之处通常前后多有提示，这种提示多为后面提示前面。 一般来说，完型填空的四个选项形式完全相同，如都是动词原形，都是副词，都是名词复数形式等，所以要注意他们在意义上和搭配上的细微差别，形义兼顾。同时，一定要把这些选项放到特定的语境里进行区分，判别，从而选出正确答案。 例： It runs in the 53_____.Michael’s father always helped thepoor as he believed it made everyone happier. Michael Greenberg feels the54
高考英语阅读理解题的特点及解题技巧 一、阅读理解题的选材与命题特点 近几年的高考英语试卷保持了“稳中有变，变中求新，立足语篇”的基本命题思路。在阅读理解方面主要考查考生理解主旨要义、理解文中具体信息、根据上下文推断词义、根据短文判断和推理、理解文章的基本结构以及理解作者的意图与态度等方面的能力。现以近几年高考全国卷I为例，谈谈阅读理解题的选材及命题特点。 1. 对语篇领悟能力的检测仍是高考的重点和基本点 高考英语阅读理解着重检测考生对语篇的整体把握能力、根据所提供的语境进行语篇分析的能力以及综合利用有效信息解决实际问题的能力。在近几年的高考中，涉及较低能力要求的事实性和细节性考题的比例虽呈上升趋势，但词义猜测、推理判断和主旨概括等深层次试题仍占很大比重。 2. 选材更趋多样化、现代化和生活化，突显语言与文化相结合的特点 就体裁而言，阅读材料所选择的文段涉及叙述体、论说体和应用体等多种文体；选材风格保静予连续性，既注重题材的多样化、现代化和生活化，又较为综合地反映了政治、经济、文化和生活的各个方面，贴近生活，贴近时代，体现了“语言是文化的载体”这一重要理念。 3. 适当降低读速及难度要求，提高试题的信息含量，体现新课程的理念 近几年阅读理解题的阅读量总体呈回落趋势，比如，2006年全国卷I的读速略有降低，但近年来阅读速率要求均在50---57wpm之间；难度系数适当降低，注重考查考生获取、分辨、整合、加工和表述信息的能力。 4. 阅读材料更趋于“原汁原味”，设问方式更加深入 阅读材料基本保留了其原有的语言风格，文章的展开不再是平铺直叙，而是兼有倒叙、插叙等多种方式；一词多义、熟词生义、多种时态的混用、结构复杂的长句、省略句以及插入语等语言现象比较常见。阅读材料的文化含量加大，文章的行文风格更具英语语言的特点，文章的遣词造句也更加地道，许多考生通常要反复阅读几遍才能读懂。 二、阅读理解题答案与干扰项关系的分析 正确的选项往往是命题人员把阅读材料的内容或信息用不同的语言形式再现出来。一般而言，答案项的设置有以下几种方法：(1) 选用原文中的词句；(2) 使用原文词句的同义词或相似结构； (3) 使用原文词句的反义词或相反结构；(4) 答案项是对生词、长句或难旬的解释；(5) 答案项是对原文词句或段落的归纳、 推理或演绎；(6) 使用原文的上下义结构，如用“科学”涵盖“计算机、航天、发明、电子”等概念。
2011全国卷 第二节完形填空20,J、题；每小题1．5分，满分30分) 阅读下面的短文，从短文后个体所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出也已填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上讲该项涂黑。 In our discussion with people on how education can help them succeed in life, a woman remembered the first meeting of an introductory 36 course about 20 years ago. The professor 37 the lecture hall, placed upon his desk a large jar filled with dried beans(豆),and invited the students to 38 how many beans the jar contained. After 39 shouts of wildly wrong guesses the professor smiled a thin, dry smile, announced the 40 Answer, and went on saying, ”You have just 41 an important lesson about science. That is: Never 42 your own senses.” Twenty years later, the 43 could guess what the professor had in mind. He 44 himself, perhaps, as inviting his students to start an exciting 45 into an unknowns world invisible(无形的) to the 46 , which can be discovered only through scientific 47 . But the seventeen-year-old girl could not accept or even 48 the invitation. She was just 49 to understand the world .And she 50 that her firsthand experience could be the 51 . The professor, however, said that it was 52 . He was taking away her only 53 for knowing and was providing her with no substitute(替代). “I remember feeling small and 54 .”The woman says, “and I did the only thing I could do. I 55 the course the afternoon, and I haven’t gone near science since.”36．A．art B．history C. science D. math 37．A．searched for B. looked at C. got through D. marched into 38．A．count B. guess C. report D. watch 39．A．warning B. giving C. turning away D. listening to 40．A．ready B. possible C. correct D. difficult 41．A．learned B. prepared C. taught D. taken 42．A．lose B. trust C. sharpen D. taken 43．A．lecturer B. scientist C. speaker D. woman 44．A．described B. respected C. saw D. served 45．A．voyage B. movement C. change D. rush 46．A．professor B．eye C．knowledge D．light 47．A．model B．senses C．spirit D．methods 48．A．hear B. make C．present D．refuse 49．A．suggesting B．beginning C．pretending D．waiting 50．A．believed B．doubted C．proved D．explained 51．A．growth B．strength C．faith D．truth 52．A．firm B. interesting C．wrong D．acceptable 53．A．task B．tool C．success D．action 54．A．cruel B．proud C．frightened D．brave 55．A．dropped B．started C．passed D．missed - 1 - / 2
While high school does not generally encourage students to explore new aspects of life, college sets the stage for that exploration. I myself went through this 41 process and found something that has changed my 42 at college for the better: I discovered ASL-American Sign Language(美式手语). I never felt an urge to 43 any sign language before. My entire family is hearing, and so are all my friends. The 44 languages were enough in all my interactions(交往).Little did I know that I would discover my 45 for ASL. The 46 began during my first week at college. I watched as the ASL Club 47 their translation of a song. Both the hand movements and the very 48 of communicating without speaking 49 me. What I saw was completely unlike anything I had experienced in the 50 .This newness just left me 51 more. After that, feeling the need to 52 further, I decided to drop in on one of ASL club`s meetings. I only learned how to 53 the alphabet that day. Yet instead of being discouraged by my 54 progress, I was excited. I then made it a point to 55 those meetings and learn all I could. The following term, I 56 an ASL class. The professor was deaf and any talking was 57 . I soon realized that the silence was not unpleasant. 58 , if there had been any talking, it would have 59 us to learn less. Now, I appreciate the silence and the 60 way of communication it opens. 41. A. searching B. planning C. natural D. formal 42. A. progress B. experience C. major D. opinion 43. A. choose B. read C. learn D. create 44. A. official B. foreign C. body D. spoken 45. A. love B. concern C. goal D. request 46. A. meeting B. trip C. story D. task 47. A. recorded B. performed C. recited D. discussed 48. A. idea B. amount C. dream D. reason 49. A. disturbed B. supported C. embarrassed D. attracted 50. A. end B. past C. course D. distance 51. A. showing B. acting C. saying D. wanting 52. A. exercise B. explore C. express D. explain 53. A. print B. write C. sign D. count 54. A. slow B. steady C. normal D. obvious 55. A. chair B. sponsor C. attend D. organize 56. A. missed B. passed C. gave up D. registered for 57. A. prohibited B. welcomed C. ignored D. repeated https://www.doczj.com/doc/4117485182.html,stly B.Thus C.Instead D.However 59.A.required B.caused C.allowed D.expected 60.A.easy B.popular C.quick D.new
高考英语完形填空、阅读理解精练各三篇（附详细解析）纵观近几年高考完形填空题，我们不难发现：1、语境选择项增多；2、选项设计一 般为同一词类，或属同一范畴；3、难选之处前后多有暗示；4、选材多为具有一定故事情节的记叙文或以叙为主的议论文。 根据高考试题的特点和命题的发展趋势，在复习备考中，对记叙文、以叙为主的议 论文及某些具有一定哲理和教育意义的纯议论性短文都要加强练习。笔者精选三篇不同体裁的典型文章进行供同学们练习，并附详细解析，希望能帮助同学们在这一题型上积累经验，有所突破。 （ A ） In 1989 an 8.2 earthquake almost flattened America, killing over 30,000 people in less than four minutes. In the middle of complete damage and disorder, a father rushed to the school where his son was supposed to be, ___1__ that the building was ___2___. After the unforgettably shock, he ___3___ the promise he had made to his son: "No matter ___4___, I'll always be there for you!" And tears began to ___5___ his eyes. As he looked at the pile of ruins, it looked hopeless, but he kept remembering his ___6___ to his son. He rushed there and started ___7___ the ruins. As he was digging, other helpless parents arrived, ___8___: "It's too late! They're all dead! ___9___, face reality, there's nothing you can do!" To each parent he responded with ___10___: "Are you going to help me now?" No one helped. And then he continued to dig for his son, stone by stone. Courageously he went on alone because he needed to know ___11___: "Is my boy ___12____ or is he dead?" He dug for eight hours...12 hours...24 hours...36 hours...then, in ___13____ hour, he pulled back a large stone and heard his son's __14____. He screamed his son's name, "ARMAND!" He heard back, "Dad!?! It's me, Dad! I told the other kids not to worry. I told them that if you were alive, you __15____ me and __16____ you saved me, they'd be saved. You promised, 'No matter what happens, I'll always be there for you!' You did it, Dad!" "What's going on in there? " the father asked. "There are 14 of us __17____ __18____ 33, Dad. We're scared, hungry, thirsty and thankful you're here. When the building collapsed, it made __19____, and it saved us." "Come out, boy!" "No, Dad! Let the other kids out first, __20____ I know you'll get me! No matter what happens, I know you'll always be there for me!" 1. A. only discovering B. only to discover C. only realizing D. only to realize 2. A. as flat as a pancake B. as high as a mountain C. as strong as an ox D. as weak as a kitten 3. A. memorized B. forgot C. kept D. remembered 4. A. what B. what happen C. which D. who 5. A. fill B. fill in C. come D. burst 6. A. picture B. promise C. present D. encourage 7. A. digging B. digging through C. digging out D. digging into 8. A. to say B. said C. and saying D. saying 9. A. Come out B. Come again C. Come on D. Come off 10. A. one word B. one sound C. one row D. one line 11. A. for himself B. of himself C. by himself D. to himself 12. A. live B. living C. alive D. lively
完形填空考纲要求 考查根据上下文理解语篇意义的能力。 二、完型填空解题步骤总结 三、解题步骤分析 1、浏览全文，抓准主旨 考生在答题时，不要急于看选项、找答案，应先通篇浏览短文，掌握文中时间、地点、人物及事件发展的脉络情节。只有抓住了文章的主旨大意后，考生围绕大意去阅读、预测、推理、判断，往往会收到事半功倍的效果。抓住了主旨，一些干扰性强，容易使人犯想当然错误的选项也就会迎刃而解。 注意：要充分利用首句的标示作用 第一句往往是全篇的关键句，首句一般不设空，它有概括和预示全文大意的作用，是据以判断文章体裁并预测全文主旨、大意的突破口，常含有解题和理解文章的有用信息。（when, where, who, what, how…)。 注意：要注意尾句的提示和总结作用。 2、细读全文，透析文意
⑴.看清上下文，找准定位词 充分利用文章的上下文和前后句，找到对选择有提示作用的词或句。这些词有时可能是同义词或反义词。 注意上下文的内在联系，是做好完型填空的保证，而断章取义，就题论题，忽视前后文的信息提示是学生常犯的错误。信息提示有时出现在前文，有时出现在后文，有时出现在本空所在的句子，学生需要在做题时边读边思考，边读边储存信息，边读边注意前后联系，这也是第一遍通览全文的主要作用。 ⑵通顺逻辑，寻求搭配 注意固定的搭配，包括动词与介词的搭配、动词与名词的搭配以及形容词与名词的搭配等，同时要根据内容选择正确的短语。例如： ⑶牢固掌握重点单词词组词意、用法及语法知识 ⑷看清执行者，确定所选词 ⑸根据上下文的逻辑关系确定选项 有时，选项中所给的四个词为表示上下文逻辑关系的连接性词语，它涉及到文章的起承转合、上下连贯。这类题主要考查考生对上下文逻辑关系的理解，如转折关系、让步关系、因果关系、递进关系、增补关系、比较关系以及对比关系等。 常见的承接语有for one thing…for another…等连接词表示列举；First…and then, First…Next…Then…Finally…用来按次序描述时间发生的过程；anyhow, still, though, although…表示让步关系；therefore, so表结果；because, since, due to, owing to…表原因，等等。 3、全面验证，理清逻辑 考生在选项填完后，一定要通读短文，从整体上检查结构、语义及逻辑是否一致，上下文衔接是否合理；另外，连词、副词也是完形填空常考的词，考生选择后要特别注意上下文的语气、语态，避免出现逻辑混乱。 四．案例分析：根据逻辑关系解完形填空 表示转折关系 Everyone in business has been told that success is all about attracting and retaining customers. It sounds simple and achievable. But, 50 , words of wisdom are soon forgotten.
高考英语完形填空解读 高考试题： While I studied at school, I felt a great difficulty in learning my Latin translations. I was always very slow in using a dictionary, and found it most difficult, while to other boys it seemed no trouble. I formed an alliance with a boy in the Sixth Grade. He was very clever and could read Latin as easily as English. My friend for his part was almost as much troubled by the English essays he had to write for the headmaster as I was by these Latin words. We agreed together that he should tell me my Latin translations and that I should do his essays. The arrangement worked wonderfully. The headmaster seemed quite satisfied with my work, and I had more time to myself in the morning. On the other hand, once a week or so I had to compose the essays of my friend. For several months no difficulty appeared, but once we were nearly caught out. Once afternoon, the headmaster called my friend to discuss one essay with him in a lively spirit. “ I was interested in this point you make here. I think you might have gone further. Tell me what you had in your mind.” The headmaster continued in this way for some time to the fear of my friend. However the headmaster, not wishing to turn an occasion of praise into one of fault-finding, finally let him go. He came back to me like a man every effort to study my translations. 高考试题： In the summer vacation of 1997, I was fixed with a job, I worked as a(n) assistant at Mr. Breen?s fruit shop. The fruit shop did good business. Most of the trade came from the housewives who lived in the neighborhood, but he also had regular customers who arrived outside the shop in cars. Mr. Breen knew them all by name and they sometimes even had their order already made up, always getting me to carry it out to their