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Cloze Test
Test one:
Kimiyuki Suda should be a perfect customer for Japan’s car-makers. He’s a young, successful executive at an Internet-services company in Tokyo and has plenty of disposable 1 . He used to own Toyota’s Hilux Surf, a sport utility vehi cle. But now he uses 2 subways and grains . ―It’s not inconvenient at all ,‖ he says 3, ―having a car is so 20th century.‖Suda reflects a worrisome 4 in Japan; the automobile is losing its emotional appeal, 5 among the young ,who prefer to spend their money on the latest electronic devices. 6 mini-cars and luxury foreign brands are still popular ,everything in between is 7 .Last years sales fell 6.7 percent, 7.6 percent 8 you don’t count the mini-car market . There have been 9 one-year drops in other nations :sales in Germany fell 9 percent in 2007 10 a tax increase . But experts say Japan is 11 in that sales have been decreasing steadily 12 time. Since 1990, yearly new-car sales have fallen from 7.8 million to 5.4 million units in 2007.
Alarmed by this state of 13 , the Japan Automobile Manufacturers Association (JAMA) 14 a comprehensive study of the market in 2006. It found that a 15 wealth gap, demographic(人口结构的) changes and 16 lack of interest in cars led Japanese to hold their 17 longer , replace their cars with smaller ones 18 give up car ownership altogether .JAMA19 a further sales decline of 1.2 percent this year. Some experts believe that if the trend continues for much longer , further consolidation (合并) in the automotive sector is 20 .
1. A) profit B) payment C) income D) budget
2. A) mostly B) partially C) occasionally D) rarely
3. A) Therefore B) Besides C) Otherwise D) Consequently
4. A) drift B) tide C) current D) trend
5. A) remarkably B) essentially C) specially D )particularly
6. A) While B) Because C) When D) Since
7. A) surging B) stretching C) slipping D) shaking
8. A) unless B) if C) as D) after
9. A) lower B) slighter C) broader D) larger
10. A) liable to B) in terms of C) thanks to D) in view of
11. A) unique B) similar C) mysterious D) strange
12. A) over B) against C) on D) behind
13. A) mess B) boom C) growth D) decay
14. A) proceeded B)relieved C) launched D) revised
15. A) quickening B) widening C) strengthening D) lengthening
16. A) average B) massive C) abundant D) general
17. A) labels B) cycles C) vehicles D) devices
18. A) or B) until C) but D) then
19. A) concludes B) predicts C) reckons D) prescribes
20. A) distant B) likely C) temporary D) immediate
Test 2
Although there are many skillful Braille readers, thousands of other blind people find it difficult to learn that system. They are thereby shut __1__ from the world of books and newspapers, having to __2__ on friends to read aloud to them.
A young scientist named Raymond Kurzweil has now designed a computer which is a major __3__ in providing aid to the __4__. His machine, Cyclops, has a camera that __5__ any page, interprets the print into sounds, and then delivers them orally in a robot-like __6__ through a speaker. By pressing the appropriate buttons __7__ Cyclops’s keyboard, a blind person can ―read‖ any __8__ document in the English language.
This remarkable invention represents a tremendous __9__ forward in the education of the handicapped. At present, Cyclops costs $50,000. __10__, Mr. Kurzweil and his associates are preparing a smaller __11__ improved version that will sell __12__ less than half that price. Within a few years, Kurzweil __13__ the price range will be low enough for every school and library to __14__ one. Michael Hingson, Director of the National Federation for the Blind, hopes that __15__ will be able to buy home __16__ of Cyclops for the price of a good television set.
Mr. Hingson’s organization purchased five machines and is now testing them in Maryland, Colorado, Iowa, California, and New York. Blind people have been __17__ in those tests, making lots of __18__ suggestions to the engineers who helped to produce Cyclops.
―This is the first time that blind people have ever done individual studies __19__ a product was put on the market, Hingson said. ―Most manufacturers believed that having the blind help the blind was like telling disabled people to teach other disabled people. In that __20__, the
manufacturers have been the blind ones.‖
1. A) up B) down C) in D) off
2. A) dwell B) rely C) press D) urge
3. A) execution B) distinction C) breakthrough D) process
4. A) paralyzed B) uneducated C) invisible D) sightless
5. A) scans B) enlarges C) sketches D) projects
6. A) behavior B) expression C) movement D) voice
7. A) on B) at C) in D) from
8. A) visual B) printed C) virtual D) spoken
9. A) stride B) trail C) haul D) footprint
10. A) Likewise B) Moreover C) However D) Though
11. A) but B) than C) or D) then
12. A) on B) for C) through D) to
13. A) estimates B) considers C) counts D) determines
14. A) settle B) own C) invest D) retain
15. A) schools B) children C) families D) companies
16. A) models B) modes C) cases D) collections
17. A) producing B) researching C) ascertaining D) assisting
18. A) true B) valuable C) authentic D) pleasant
19. A) after B) when C) before D) as
20. A) occasion B) moment C) sense D) event
Test 3
Comparisons were drawn between the development of television in the 20th century and the diffusion of printing in the 15th and 16th centuries. Yet much had happened __21__. As was discussed before, it was not __22__ the 19th century that the newspaper became the dominant pre-electronic __23__, following in the wake of the pamphlet and the book and in the __24__ of the periodical. It was during the same time that the communications revolution __25__ up, beginning with transport, the railway, and leading __26__ through the telegraph, the telephone, radio, and motion pictures __27__ the 20th-century world of the motor car and the air plane. Not everyone sees that process in __28__. It is important to do so.
It is generally recognized, __29__, that the introduction of the computer in the early 20th century, __30__ by the invention of the integrated circuit during the 1960s, radically changed the process, __31__ its impact on the media was not immediately __32__. As time went by, computers became smaller and more powerful, and they became ―personal‖ too, as well as __33__, with display becoming sharper and storage __34__ increasing. They were thought of, like people, __35__ generations, with the distance between generations much __36__.
It was within the computer age that the term ―information society‖ began to be widely used to describe the __37__ within which we now live. The communications revolution has __38__ both work and leisure and how we think and feel both about place and time, but there have been __39__ view about its economic, p olitical, social and cultural implications. ―Benefits‖ have been weighed __40__ ―harmful‖ outcomes. And generalizations have proved difficult.
21. [A] between [B] before [C] since [D] later
22. [A] after [B] by [C] during [D] until
23. [A] means [B] method [C] medium [D] measure
24. [A] process [B] company [C] light [D] form
25. [A] gathered [B] speeded [C] worked [D] picked
26. [A] on [B] out [C] over [D] off
27. [A] of [B] for [C] beyond [D] into
28. [A] concept [B] dimension [C] effect [D] perspective
29. [A] indeed [B] hence [C] however [D] therefore
30. [A] brought [B] followed [C] stimulated [D] characterized
31. [A] unless [B] since [C] lest [D] although
32. [A] apparent [B] desirable [C] negative [D] plausible
33. [A] institutional [B] universal [C] fundamental [D] instrumental
34. [A] ability [B] capability [C] capacity [D] faculty
35. [A] by means of [B] in terms of [C] with regard to [D] in line with
36. [A] deeper [B] fewer [C] nearer [D] smaller
37. [A] context [B] range [C] scope [D] territory
38. [A] regarded [B] impressed [C] influenced [D] effected
39. [A] competitive [B] controversial [C] distracting [D] irrational
40. [A] above [B] upon [C] against [D] with
Section II: Use of English (10 points)
21. [A] 22. [D] 23. [C] 24. [B] 25. [B]
26. [A] 27. [D] 28. [D] 29. [C] 30. [B]
31. [D] 32. [A] 33. [A] 34. [C] 35. [B]
36. [D] 37. [A] 38. [C] 39. [B] 40. [C]
Test 4
The human nose is an underrated tool. Humans are often thought to be insensitive smellers compared with animals, __1__ this is largely because, __2__ animals, we stand upright. This means that our noses are __3__ to perceiving those smells which float through the air, __4__ the majority of smells which stick to surfaces. In fact, __5__, we are extremely sensitive to smells, __6__ we do not generally realize it. Our noses are capable of __7__ human smells even when these are __8__ to far below one part in one million.
Strangely, some people find that they can smell one type of flower but not another, __9__ others are sensitive to the smells of both flowers. This may be because some people do not have the genes necessary to generate __10__ smell receptors in the nose. These receptors are the cells which sense smells and send __11__ to the brain. However, it has been found that even people insensitive to a certain smell __12__ can suddenly become sensitive to it when __13__ to it often enough.
The explanation for insensitivity to smell seems to be that brain finds it __14__ to keep all smell receptors working all the time but can __15__ new receptors if necessary. This may __16__ explain why we are not usually sensitive to our own smells we simply do not need to be. We are not __17__ of the usual smell of our own house but we __18__ new smells when we visit someone e lse’s. The brain finds it best to keep smell receptors __19__ for unfamiliar and emergency signals __20__ the smell of smoke, which might indicate the danger of fire.
1. [A] although [B] as [C] but [D] while
2. [A] above [B] unlike [C] excluding [D] besides
3. [A] limited [B] committed [C] dedicated [D] confined
4. [A] catching [B] ignoring [C] missing [D] tracking
5. [A] anyway [B] though [C] instead [D] therefore
6. [A] even if [B] if only [C] only if [D] as if
7. [A] distinguishing [B] discovering [C] determining [D] detecting
8. [A] diluted [B] dissolved [C] determining [D] diffused
9. [A] when [B] since [C] for [D] whereas
10. [A] unusual [B] particular [C] unique [D] typical
11. [A] signs [B] stimuli [C] messages [D] impulses
12. [A] at first [B] at all [C] at large [D] at times
13. [A] subjected [B] left [C] drawn [D] exposed
14. [A] ineffective [B] incompetent [C] inefficient [D] insufficient
15. [A] introduce [B] summon [C] trigger [D] create
16. [A] still [B] also [C] otherwise [D] nevertheless
17. [A] sure [B] sick [C] aware [D] tired
18. [A] tolerate [B] repel [C] neglect [D] notice
19. [A] available [B] reliable [C] identifiable [D] suitable
20. [A] similar to [B] such as [C] along with [D] aside from
Section I: Use of English (10 points)
1. [C]
2. [B]
3. [A]
4. [C]
5. [B]
6. [A]
7. [D]
8. [A]
9. [D] 10. [B]
11. [C] 12. [A] 13. [D] 14. [C] 15. [D]
16. [B] 17. [C] 18. [D] 19. [A] 20. [B]
Section II Reading Comprehension
Text 1
It was 3:45 in the morning when the vote was finally taken. After six months of arguing and final 16 hours of hot parliamentary debates, Australia’s Northern Territory became the first legal authority in the world to authorize doctors to cease the lives of incurably ill and terminal patients who wish to end his life. The measure passed by the convincing vote of 15 to 10. Almost instantaneously word flashed on the Internet and was picked up, half an earth away, by John Hofsess, executive director of the Right to Die Society of Canada. He sent it on via the group’s
online service, Death NET. Says Hofsess: ―We posted bulletins all day long, because, of course, this isn’t just something that happened in Australia. It’s world history.‖
The full import may take a while to sink in. The NT Rights of the Terminally Ill law has left physicians and citizens alike trying to deal with its moral and practical implications. Some have breathed sighs of relief, while others, including churches, right to life groups and the Australian Medical Association, bitterly attacked the bill and the haste of its passage. But the tide is unlikely to turn back. In Australia —where an aging population, life extending technology and changing community attitudes have all played their part —other states are going to consider making a similar law to deal with euthanasia. In the US and Canada, where the right to die movement is gathering strength, observers are waiting for the dominoes to start falling.
Under the new Northern Territory law, an adult patient can request death —probably by a deadly injection or pill —to put an end to suffering. The patient must be diagnosed as terminally ill by two doctors. After a ―cooling off‖ period of seven days, the patient can sign a certificate of request, 48 hours after which the wish for death can be satisfied. For Lloyd Nickson, a 54 year old Darwin resident suffering from lung cancer, the NT Rights of Terminally Ill law apparently means he can get on with living without the haunting dread of his torture and agony: a terrifying expiration from his decompensation. ―I’m not appalled of dying from a spiritual point of view, but what I dread was how I’d go, because I’ve witnessed people die in the hospital struggling for oxygen and clawing at their masks,‖ he says.
21. According to the passage, John Hofsess ______.
A. insists that the law be approved throughout the world
B. posts the news of the law’s approval to internet first
C. believes the approval of the law is very significant
D. wishes to ask doctors in Australia to end his life there
22. From the second paragraph we learn that ______ .
A. the objection to euthanasia is slow to come in other countries
B. physicians and citizens share the same view on euthanasia
C. changing technology leads the hasty passage of the law
D. euthanasia is very likely to become a trend in the world
23. By ―observers are waiting for the dominoes to start falling‖, the author means ______.
A. observers are taking a wait and see attitude towards the future of euthanasia
B. laws on euthanasia are likely to be passed in the US, Canada and other nations
C. many groups will join Australian Medical Association in objection to the bill
D. the effect-taking process of the passed bill might eventually come to a stop
24. When Lloyd Nickson dies, he will ______.
A. face his death with calm characteristic of euthanasia
B. go through the suffering of a lung cancer patient
C. have an intense fear of terrible breathing condition
D. remove the supply of oxygen and the cover of mask
25. The author’s attitude towards euthanasia seems to be that of _____.
A. reserved
B. skeptical
C. approval
D. indifference
Text 2
They may be one of Britain’s most successful and prestigeous exports an d among the world’s most prevalent TV shows, parallel alongside the World Cup Final and the Olympic Games opening ceremony in terms of attendance. However, in Britain, beauty competitions are insipid. Nicolas Baker, a lawyer in London said that ―As much as I think it’s fine for women to partake them but they deserves the indifference from the mass and, in fact, I deem they’re pertinent to today.‖ He remarks to the point. Last year, Miss World was broadcast to 142 countries, but it wasn’t eve n shown in the country where its naissance occurred in 1951.
It wasn’t always the case in Britain. Once, beauty queens dated footballers, traveled the world around and were guaranteed fame, fortune and fun. Now, they open new supermarkets, are sponsored by dry-cleaning companies and if they’re lucky, they get free-of-charge clothes from supermarkets.
When Francesca Marchant was crowned Miss Sussex in 1969 it was a matter of extreme pride of ―I came from a small town, and all my acquaintances were green with envy when it comes out that I am crowned. My boyfriend at the time boasted to the world that he would show up in a rendezvous with a beauty queen.‖
But table has turned. The feminist campaigns gathered momentum and some extremist feminists pledge to conclude these ―cattle shows‖. Nowadays, proclaiming that you were a beauty
queen just doesn’t make any sense but even provoke a fling.
Miss World organizers stake out a claim that the appraisal of contestants is qualities other than just their physical appearance. They defied their pledge and reflections cast on them is due. Jacqueline Gold, England’s representative at this year’s contest, was not chosen because of her academic record. The Miss World Website states that she ―left school having gained many computer qualifications and certificates in First Aid an d Life Saving‖, meaning not much of a n education at educational level.
What confers fascination to the contests, ironically, is the protesters. At the 2006 Miss World in Britain around 600 demonstrators hurled flour bombs and battled with the police. They denounced the beauty contest as a ―sexist cattle market‖. They waved banners saying ―fat girls are cool‖ and ―women’s bodies are not for sale.‖
26. Beauty contests in Britain are now _______.
A. bringing huge exporting profits
B. no longer appealing to most people
C. s hown after the show of bowing
D. welcome and attended by a lot of women
27. The opinion of Nicolas Backer towards beauty contests is that _______.
A. some women shouldn’t attend the contests
B. the contest are fine but he doesn’t like them
C. the contests are insults to women
D. the contests are behind the times
28. In the past, if a girl won in a beauty contest, she would probably _______.
A. g et support from dry-clearing companies
B. be admired by most people
C. not have a good reputation
D. get free clothes form supermarkets
29. The author uses Jacqueline Gold as an example to show that _______.
A. academic record played a critical role in judgement
B. she had gained many qualifications and certificates
C. contestants are judged on their physical appearance
D. contestants are judged on their education
30. The best title for the passage might be _______.
A. Beauty Contests: A Sunk Fashion
B. Beauty Contests : Sexist Cattle Market
C. Beauty Contests: A Headache of Britain
D. Beauty Contests : Insults to Women
Text 3
Financial engineers are not dressed with white lab frocks and nor do they conduct the delicate
experiment on mice or perform gas chromatography. Their raw material – money – isn’t as showy as what biologists and physicists work on. But the innovations they come up with will contribute just as much, if not more, to economic and societal welfare growth.
Most likely more, in fact, because without the science of finance, all other sciences are just a bunch of neat concepts. Put another way, ideas begin to tell in human betterment when financially backed –by venture capital, stock offerings, loans, or buyouts and only a smoothly operating financial system showers money on good ideas. Equally important, it cuts off funding to tired ideas and tired companies, so their assets can be employed more efficiently elsewhere.
In the later this century’s economy, innovation in finance will explode in concert with the fierceness in competition. Partly because of deregulation and globalization, competition should toughen, and margins thinner. As products such as home mortgage loans become commoditized, financial service companies will be motivated or compelled to get more innovative.
Financial technology will keep feeding off information technology. The secret to success will be a strong software platform, which will lower the cost of general services while making it possible to create high-margin variations as well. A few companies that get it right can find a foothold somewhere, spin away from the rest and excel.
In the new world of finance, size counts. The giants enjoy economies of scale and name recognition, and they hardly lose sleep because their bets scatter across more regions and market segments. The value of banks mergers in late 20th century was greater than that of the previous decades combined. The mergers are occurring across industries as well.
At the other extreme will be specialists that survive by doing one thing either very cheaply or exceptionally well. By offering lower prices or better service, specialists will discipline the financial supermarkets; the big guys know their customers can walk away if they get a raw deal. ―There is no way we are going to maximize a short-term transactional benefit at the risk of destroying a long-term relationship,‖says Chase Manhattan Corp. Vice Chairman Joseph G . Sponholz.
Predictably, the biggest winners from financial innovation will not be banks but companies and families. They have complex finances, while banks show signs of losing interest in people who want just plain checking accounts. But as incomes and wealth rise, more people will find themselves thrust into the role of asset managers. Businesses, too, will have to become more
sophisticated – if only to keep pace with financially innovative rivals.
31. Financial engineers obviously are different from natural scientists in that the former ______.
A. may give even greater impetus to social advancement
B. are more indifferent to dressing and the raw materials
C. are more likely to be absorbed in their experiments
D. are lessly to obtain financial support from companies
32. In the absence of financial support, scientific concepts ______.
A. would remain groups of merely infeasible theories
B. can barely promote the improvement of people’s life
C. will not obtain enough venture capital and bank loans
D. might become tired ideas that cannot be implemented
33. The following statements about financial technology are true except ______.
A. it can cut down the expenditure of financial companies
B. it helps companies making sensible decision to prosper
C. it employs information technology to make more profits
D. it provides money for IT industry to create advanced software
34. The un-precedent bank mergers is mentioned in the text to indicate that ______.
A. demand for investment of capital is becoming greater and greater
B. financial-service companies need to turn out more creative products
C. scale is of vital importance to the survival of financial enterprises
D. financial companies will keep a blacklist of clients worrying them
35. Companies of families will probably defeat the rivalry in financing because ______.
A. they defy unfair deals with their customers
B. they make their bargains cheap and profitable
C. more people will pursue to become managers
D. they do not put all their eggs in one basket
Text 4
The question of ethics in the legal profession is one that has plagued the industry since its dawn. The common image of an attorney is one who will resort to any unethical trick to twist the laws to fit his purposes. In the more specific industry of criminal law, defense attorneys are often
criticized for advocating on behalf of defendants who are ―obviously guilty,‖thus becoming roadblocks on the path to justice. Much to the contrary, however, defense attorneys provide a valuable serve that should earn them praise, not be found fault with.
While it is true that every lawyer will do everything within his power to interpret the laws in the manner that is most favorable to his client, such a characterization is by no means limited to defense attorneys and shouldn’t be solely condemned. The prosecutor(公诉人) will do nothing better, employing all his legal knowledge and know-how to establish the guilt of the defendant. In this respect, the vague nature of the law is highlighted, and it becomes a virtual necessity for each side to use every tool at their disposal, on the assumption that the other side will also use every tool at his. The net result emerges as a positive, in which the tricks of the opposing attorneys cancel one another out, leaving only the truth, clearer and devoid of manipulation, presented for the jury’s consideration.
Further, the defense attorney is a vital element of the American judicial system. Without him the defendant would stand no chance whatsoever. Under the constitution, even the most ―evident guilty‖ defendants are guaranteed the right to a fair trial, involving someone able and willing to advocate on his behalf. Of course, there are bad apples in the industry who are unethical and care nothing for actual justice, and whose only concerns are their wallets. Generally speaking, however, without defense attorneys, the system would be reduced into a mere machine in which defendants are assumed guilty without a chance to argue or prove otherwise and many innocent people falsely charged with crimes would be severely punished for offenses that they didn’t commit.
It is a basic fact that the antitheses system of justice in the United States is necessary in order to see to it that the fairest and most unbiased presentation and evaluation of the facts possible with two parties round after round cross swords. Without defense attorneys, that system cannot be carried out, and would result in a loss of the civil liberties that the nation enjoys and treasures. To that end, all of those who make that process a reality, including defense attorneys, deserve our support and admiration, not our suspicion and frown.
36. The prevailing attitude toward defense attorneys is ______.
A. appreciative
B. scornful
C. objective
D. reserved
37. The author thinks the fact that lawyers twist laws to support their clients normal because _.
A. it is a trick used by both parties in court trial
B. it saves clients who are innocent of a crime
C. it reflects the lawyers being conscientious
D. it can help to largely eliminate the flaws in laws
38. According to the passage, defense attorneys are indispensable because ______.
A. their work acts as a protection of the basic civil right
B. they can create chances for the constitution to be modified
C. they can charge the lawyers not caring for real justice
D. their work ensures that the innocent will not be punished
39. The word ―antitheses‖ is closest to the meaning of _______.
A. contemporary
B. permanent
C. conscientious
D. opposite
40. The best title for this passage would be ______.
A. Worsening and Declining Ethics
B. A Profession Under Attack
C. A Misunderstood Profession
D. Elements of the Judicial System
Passage 5
Women’s minds work differently from men’s. At least, that is what most men are convinced of. Psychologists view the subject either as a matter of frustration or a joke. Now the biologists have moved into this minefield, and some of them have found that there are real differences between the brains of men and women. But being different, they point out hurriedly, is not the same as being better or worse.
There is, however, a definite structural variation between the male and female brain. The difference is in a part of the brain that is used in the most complex intellectual processes-the link between the two halves of the brain.
The two halves are linked by a trunkline of between 200 and 300 million nerves, the corpus callosum. Scientists have found quite recently that the corpus callosum in women is always larger and probably richer in nerve fibres than it is in men. This is the first time that a structural difference has been found between the brains of women and men and it must have some significance. The question is ―What?‖, and, if this difference exists, are there others? Research shows that present-day women think differently and behave differently from men. Are some of these differences biological and inborn, a result of evolution? We tend to think that is the influence of society that produces these differences. But could we be wrong?
Research showed that these two halves of the brain had different functions, and that the corpus callosum enabled them to work together. For most people, the left half is used for wordhanding, analytical and logical activities; the right half works on pictures, patterns and forms. We need both halves working together. And the better the connections, the more harmoniously the two halves work. And, according to research findings, women have the better connections.
But it isn’t all that easy to explain the actual differences between skills of men and women on this basis. In schools throughout the world girls tend to be better than boys at ―language subjects‖ and boys better at maths and physics. If these differences correspond with the differences in the hemispheric trunkline, there is an unalterable distinction between the sexes.
We don’t know for a while, partly because we don’t know of any precise relationship between abilities in school subject and the functioning of the two halves of the brain, and we cannot understand how the two halves interact via the corpus callosum. But this striking difference must have some effects and, because the difference is in the parts of the brain involved in intellect, we should be looking for differences in intellectual processing.
21. Which of the following statements is CORRECT?
A. Biologists are conducting research where psychologists have given up.
B. Brain differences point to superiority of one sex over the other.
C. Results of scientific research fail to support popular belief.
D. The structural difference in the brain between the sexes has long been known.
22. According to the passage it is commonly believed that brain differences are caused by ____
factors.
A. biological
B. psychological
C. physical
D. social
23. ―these differences‖ in paragraph 5 refer to those in ____.
A. skills of men and women
B. school subjects
C. the brain structure of men and women
D. activities carried out by the brain
24. At the end of the passage the author proposes more work on ____.
A. the brain structure as a whole
B. he functioning of part of the brain
C. the distinction between the sexes
D. the effects of the corpus callosum
25. What is the main purpose of the passage?
A. To outline the research findings on the brain structure.
B. To explain the link between sex and brain structure.
C. To discuss the various factors that cause brain differences. https://www.doczj.com/doc/4316791415.html,
D. To suggest new areas in brain research.
Passage 6
Nowadays, a cellphone service is available to everyone, everywhere. Probably thousands of people have already been using it, but I just discovered it, so I’m going to claim it and also name it: Fake Foning.
The technology has been working well for me at the office, but there are infinite applications. Virtually in any public space.
Say you work at a big university with lots of talky faculty members buzzing about. Now, say you need to use the restroom. The trip down the hall will take approximately one hour, because a person can’t walk into those talky people without getting pulled aside for a question, a bit of gossip, a new read on a certain line of Paradise Lost.
So, a cellphone. Any cellphone. Just pick it up. Don’t dial. Just hold that phone to your face and start talking. Walk confidently down the hall engaged in fake conversation, making sure to tailor both the topic and content to the person standing before you whom you are trying to evade.
For standard colleague avoidance, I suggest fake chatting about fake business:
"Yes, I’m glad you called, because we really need to hammer out the details. What’s that? Yes, I read Page 12, but if you look at the bottom of 4, I think you can see the problem begins right there."
Be animated. Be engaged in your fake fone conversation. Make eye contact with the people passing, nod to them, gesture keen interest in talking to them at a later time, point to your phone, shrug and move on.
Shoppers should consider fake foning anytime they spot a talky neighbor in the produce department pinching (用手捏) unripe peaches. Without your phone at your face, you’d be in for a 20-minute speech on how terrible the world is.
One important caution about fake foning. The other day I was fake foning my way past a colleague, and he was actually following me to get my attention. I knew he wanted to ask about a project I had not yet finished. I was trying to buy myself some time, so I continued fake foning with my doctor. "So I don’t need the operation? Oh, doctor, that is the best news."
And then: Brrrrrrng! Brrrrrmg! Brrrrrmg! My phone started ringing, right there while it was planted on my face. My colleague looked at me, and I at him, and naturally I gasped. "What is the matter with this thing?" I said, pulling the phone away to look at it, and then putting it back to my ear.
"Hello? Are you still there?"
Oops.
26. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?
A. Cellphone service is popular among people.
B. Cellphone has much use in office.
C. Fake foning is a new cellphone service.
D. Fake foning is a new discovery.
27. What is fake foning?
A. A strategy to avoid people.
B. A device newly produced.
C. A service provided everywhere.
D. A skill of communication.
28. In the author’s opinion, in order to make fake foning look real one has to
A. talk about interesting matters.
B. behave politely to people passing by.
C. hold the phone while walking.
D. appear absorbed in conversation.
29. What does the last example show?
A. One effective way is to fake fone one’s doct or.
B. One has to be careful while fake foning.
C. Fake foning may not deceive people.
D. Fake foning is always quite successful.
30. After his phone suddenly began ringing, the author
A. immediately started talking to the caller.
B. immediately started talking to his colleague.
C. put the phone away and stopped talking.
D. continued with his fake conversation.
Passage 7
Opportunities for rewarding work become fewer for both men and women as they grow older. After age 40, job hunting becomes even more difficult. Many workers stay at jobs they are too old for rather than face possible rejection. Our youth-oriented, throw-away culture sees little value in older people. In writer Lilian Hellman’s words, they have ―the wisdom that comes with age that
we can’t make use of.‖
Unemployment and economic need for work is higher among older women, especially minorities, than among younger white women. A national council reports these findings: Though unemployed longer when seeking work, older women job-hunt harder, hold a job longer with less absenteeism (缺勤), perform as well or better, are more reliable, and are more willing to learn than men or younger women. Yet many older women earn poor pay and face a future of poverty in their retirement years. Wh en ―sexism meets ageism, poverty is no longer on the doorstep — it moves in,‖ according to Tish Sommers, director of a special study on older women for the National Organization for Women.
Yet a 1981 report on the White House Conference on Aging shows that as a group, older Americans are the ―wealthiest, best fed, best housed, healthiest, most self-reliant older population in our history.‖ This statement is small comfort to those living below the poverty line, but it does explode some of the old traditional beliefs and fears. Opportunities for moving in and up in a large company may shrink but many older people begin successful small businesses, volunteer in satisfying activities, and stay active for many years. They have few role models because in previous generations the life span was much shorter and expectations of life were fewer. They are ploughing new ground.
Employers are beginning to recognize that the mature person can bring a great deal of stability and responsibility to a position. One doesn’t l ose ability and experience on the eve of one’s 65th or 70th birthday any more than one grows up instantly at age 21. （348 words ）
31. After the age of 40, ______.
A. most workers are tired of their present jobs
B. many workers tend to stick to their present jobs
C. people find their jobs more rewarding than before
D. people still wish to hunt for more suitable jobs
32. From Heilman’s remark, we can see that ______.
A. full use has been made of the wisdom of older people
B. the wisdom of older people is not valued by American society
C. older people are no less intelligent than young people
D. the wisdom of older people is of great value to American society
33. Tish Sommers argues that ______.
A. older women find it hard to escape poverty
B. older women usually perform better in their jobs
C. the major cause of the poverty of older women is sexism
D. more people have come to believe in sexism and ageism
34. According to the third paragraph, it can be seen that older Americans ______.
A. have more job opportunities than young people
B. live below the poverty line
C. have new opportunities to remain active in society
D. no longer believe in the promise of a happy life upon retirement
35. It can be concluded from the passage that the writer ______.
A. calls attention to the living conditions of older Americans
B. believes that the value of older people is gaining increasing recognition
C. attempts to justify the youth-oriented, throw-away culture of the United States
D. argues people should not retire at the age of 65 or 70
Passage 8
Cultural norms so completely surround people, so permeate thought and action that we never recognize the assumptions on which their lives and their sanity rest. As one observer put it, if birds were suddenly endowed with scientific curiosity they might examine many things, but the sky itself would be overlooked as a suitable subject; if fish were to become curious about the world, it would never occur to them to begin by investigating water. For birds and fish would take the sky and sea for granted, unaware of their profound influence because they comprise the medium for every fact. Human beings, in a similarly way, occupy a symbolic universe governed by codes that are unconsciously acquired and automatically employed. So much so that they rarely notice that the ways they interpret and talk about events are distinctively different from the ways people conduct their affairs in other cultures.
As long as people remain blind to the sources of their meanings, they are imprisoned within them. These cultural frames of reference are no less confining simply because they cannot be seen or touched. Whether it is an individual neurosis that keeps an individual out of contact with his neighbors, or a collective neurosis that separates neighbors of different cultures, both are forms of
blindness that limit what can be experienced and what can be learned from others.
It would seem that everywhere people would desire to break out of the boundaries of their own experiential worlds. Their ability to react sensitively to a wider spectrum of events and peoples requires an overcoming of such cultural parochialism. But, in fact, few attain this broader vision. Some, of course, have little opportunity for wider cultural experience, though this condition should change as the movement of people accelerates. Others do not try to widen their experience because they prefer the old and familiar, seek from their affairs only further confirmation of the correctness of their own values. Still others recoil from such experiences because they feel it dangerous to probe too deeply into the personal or cultural unconscious. Exposure may reveal how tenuous and arbitrary many cultural norms are; such exposure might force people to acquire new bases for interpreting events. And even for the many who do seek actively to enlarge the variety of human beings with whom they are capable of communicating there are still difficulties.
Cultural myopia persists not merely because of inertia and habit, but chiefly because it is so difficult to overcome. One acquires a personality and a culture in childhood, long before he is capable of comprehending either of them. To survive, each person masters the perceptual orientations, cognitive biases, and communicative habits of his own culture. But once mastered, objective assessment of these same processes is awkward since the same mechanisms that are being evaluated must be used in making the evaluations. (467)
36. The examples of birds and fish are used to ______.
A. show that they, too, have their respective cultures
B. explain humans occupy a symbolic universe as birds and fish occupy the sky and the sea
C. illustrate that human beings are unaware of the cultural codes governing them
D. demonstrate the similarity between man, birds, and fish in their ways of thinking
37. The term "parochialism" (Line 3, Para. 3) most possibly means ______.
A. open-mindedness
B. provincialism
C. superiority
D. discrimination
38. It can be inferred from the last two paragraphs that ______.
A. everyone would like to widen their cultural scope if they can
B. the obstacles to overcoming cultural parochialism lie mainly in people’s habit of thinking
C. provided one’s brought up in a culture, he may be with bias in making cultural evaluations
D. childhood is an important stage in comprehending culture
39. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?
A. Individual and collective neurosis might prevent communications with others.
B. People in different cultures may be governed by the same cultural norms.
C. People’s visions will be enlarged if only they knew that cultural differences exist.
D. If cultural norms are something tangible, they won’t be so conf ining.
40. The passage might be entitled "______."
A. How to Overcome Cultural Myopia
B. Behavioral Patterns and Cultural Background
C. Harms of Cultural Myopia
D. Cultural Myopia-A Deep-rooted Collective Neurosis
翻译练习
1. Pollution is a problem because man, in an increasingly populated/population and industrialized world, is upsetting the environment in which he lives. Many scientists maintain that one of man's greatest errors has been to equate growth with advancement. Now " growth" industries are being looked on with suspicion in case their side effects damage the environment and disrupt the relationships of different forms of life. The growing population makes increasing demands on the world's fixed/limited supply of air, water and land. This rise in population is accompanies by the desire of more and more people for a better standard of living. Thus still greater demands for electricity, water and goods result in an ever increasing amount of waste material to be disposed of. The problem has been causing increasing concern to living things and their environment.
2. One must recognize the very considerable multiplication of discipline in the sciences, which by widening the total area of advanced studies has produced an enormous numbers of specialists whose particular interests are precisely defined. Associated with this is the growth of specialist periodicals, which enable scholars to become aware of what is happening in different centers of research and to meet each other in conferences. From these meetings come the personal relationships which are at the bottom of almost all schemes of co-operation. But as the specializations have increased in number and narrowed in range, there has been an opposite movement towards interdisciplinary studies. These owe much to the belief that one cannot properly investigate the incredibly complex problems thrown up by the modern world, and by recent advances in our knowledge along the narrow front of a single discipline.
The human nose is an underrated tool.Humans are often thought to be insensitive smellers compared with animals,1 this is largely because,2 animals,we stand upright.This means that our noses are 3 to perceiving those smells which float through the air,4 the majority of smells which stick to surfaces.In fact5,we are extremely sensitive to smells,6 we do not generally realize it.Our noses are capable of 7 human smells even when these are 8 to far below one part in one million. Strangely,some people find that they can smell one type of flower but not another,9 others are sensitive to the smells of both flowers.This may be because some people do not have the genes necessary to generate 10 smell receptors in the nose.These receptors are the cells which sense smells and send 11 to the brain.However,it has been found that even people insensitive to a certain smell 12 can suddenly become sensitive to it when 13 to it often enough. The explanation for insensitivity to smell seems to be that brain finds it 14 to keep all smell receptors working all the time but can 15 new receptors if necessary.This may 16 explain why we are not usually sensitive to our own smells we simply do not need to be.We are not 17 of the usual smell of our own house but we 18 new smells when we visit someone else's.The brain finds it best to keep smell receptors 19 for unfamiliar and emergency signals 20 the smell of smoke,which might indicate the danger of fire. 1.[A]although [B]as [C]but [D]while 2.[A]above [B]unlike [C]excluding [D]besides 3.[A]limited [B]committed [C]dedicated [D]confined 4.[A]catching [B]ignoring [C]missing [D]tracking 5.[A]anyway [B]though [C]instead [D]therefore 6.[A]even if [B]if only [C]only if [D]as if 7.[A]distinguishing [B]discovering [C]determining [D]detecting 8.[A]diluted [B]dissolved [C]determining [D]diffused 9.[A]when [B]since [C]for [D]whereas 10.[A]unusual [B]particular [C]unique [D]typical 11.[A]signs [B]stimuli [C]messages [D]impulses 12.[A]at first [B]at all [C]at large [D]at times 13.[A]subjected [B]left [C]drawn [D]exposed 14.[A]ineffective [B]incompetent [C]inefficient [D]insufficient 15.[A]introduce [B]summon [C]trigger [D]create 16.[A]still [B]also [C]otherwise [D]nevertheless 17.[A]sure [B]sick [C]aware [D]tired 18.[A]tolerate [B]repel [C]neglect [D]notice 19.[A]available [B]reliable [C]identifiable [D]suitable 20.[A]similar to [B]such as [C]along with [D]aside from
考研英语完型填空之答 案详解 LG GROUP system office room 【LGA16H-LGYY-LGUA8Q8-LGA162】
摘选自星火图书《考研英语各个击破系列——完形填空三步突破法》 Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) In 1924 American’ National Research Council sent to engineers to supervise a series of industrial experiments at a large telephone-parts factory called the Hawthorne Plant near Chicago. It hoped they would learn how stop-floor lignting__1__workers productivity. Instead, the studies ended __2___giving their name to the “Hawthorne effect”, the extremely influential idea that the very___3____to being experimented upon changed subject s’ behavior. The idea arose because of the __4____behavior of the women in the Hawthorne plant. According to __5____of the experiments, their hourly output rose when lighting was increased, but also when it was dimmed. It did not __6____what was done in the experiment; ___7_someting was changed ,productivity rose. A(n)___8___that they were being experimented upon seemed to be ____9___to alter workers’ behavior ____10____itself. After several decades, the same data were _11__ to econometric the analysis. Hawthorne experiments has another surprise store _12 __the descriptions on record, no systematic _13__ was found that levels of productivity were related to changes in lighting. It turns out that peculiar way of conducting the experiments may be have let to__ 14__ interpretation of what 15___ , lighting was always changed on a Sunday .When work started again on Monday, output __16___ rose compared with the previous Saturday and__ 17 __to rise for the next couple of 18__ , a comparison with data for weeks when there was no experimentation showed that output always went up on Monday, workers__ 19__ to be diligent for the first few days of the week in any case , before __20 __a plateau and then slackening off. This suggests that the alleged” Hawthorne effect “ is hard to pin down. 1. [A] affected [B] achieved [C] extracted [D] restored 2. [A] at [B]up [C] with [D] off 3. [A]truth [B]sight [C] act [D] proof 4. [A] controversial [B] perplexing [C]mischievous [D] ambiguous 5. [A]requirements [B]explanations [C] accounts [D] assessments 6. [A] conclude [B] matter [C] indicate [D] work 7. [A] as far as [B] for fear that [C] in case that [D] so long as 8. [A] awareness [B] expectation [C] sentiment [D] illusion 9. [A] suitable [B] excessive [C] enough [D] abundant 10. [A] about [B] for [C] on [D] by 11. [A] compared [B]shown [C] subjected [D] conveyed
历年考研英语完形填空真题（2005） The human nose is an underrated tool. Humans are often thought to be insensitive smellers compared with animals, 1 this is largely because, 2 animals ,we stand upright. This means that our noses are 3 to perceiving those smells which float through the air, 4 the majority of smells which stick to surfaces. In fact 5 , we are extremely sensitive to smells, 6 we do not generally realize it. Our noses are capable of 7 human smells even when these are 8 to far below one part in one million. Strangely, some people find that they can smell one type of flower but not another, 9 others are sensitive to the smells of both flowers. This may be because some people do not have the genes necessary to generate 10 smell receptors in the nose. These receptors are the cells which sense smells and send 11 to the brain. However, it has been found that even people insensitive to a certain smell 12 can suddenly become sensitive to it when 13 to it often enough. The explanation for insensitivity to smell seems to be that brain finds it 14 to keep all smell receptors working all the time but can 15 new receptors if necessary. This may 16 explain why we are not usually sensitive to our own smells we simply do not need to be. We are not 17 of the usual smell of our own house but we 18 new smells when we visit someone else's. The brain finds it best to keep smell receptors 19 for unfamiliar and emergency signals 20 the smell of smoke, which might indicate the danger of fire. 1. [A]although [B]as [C]but [D]while 2. [A]above [B]unlike [C]excluding [D]besides 3. [A]limited [B]committed [C]dedicated [D]confined ￥ 4. [A]catching [B]ignoring [C]missing [D]tracking 5. [A]anyway [B]though [C]instead [D]therefore 6. [A]even if [B]if only [C]only if [D]as if 7. [A]distinguishing[B]discovering [C]determining[D]detecting 8. [A]diluted [B]dissolved [C]determining[D]diffused 9. [A]when [B]since [C]for [D]whereas 10. [A]unusual [B]particular [C]unique [D]typical 11. [A]signs [B]stimuli [C]messages [D]impulses （ 12. [A]at first [B]at all [C]at large [D]at times 13. [A]subjected [B]left [C]drawn [D]exposed 14. [A]ineffective [B]incompetent [C]inefficient[D]insufficient 15. [A]introduce [B]summon [C]trigger [D]create 16. [A]still [B]also [C]otherwise [D]nevertheless 17. [A]sure [B]sick [C]aware [D]tired 18. [A]tolerate [B]repel [C]neglect [D]notice 19. [A]availabe [B]reliable[C]identifiable[D]suitable 。 20. [A]similar to[B]such as [C]along with [D]aside from
考研英语完形填空历年常考固定搭配汇总 be absorbed in 专心于 by accident 偶然 account for 说明 on account of 因为，由于take…into account 考虑 be accustomed to 习惯于 add up to 合计，总计 in addition 另外 in addition to 除。。。之外 in advance 提前，预先 take advantage of 利用 ahead of 在。。。前面，先于 in the air 在流行中，在传播中 all but 几乎，差一点，除。。。之外其余都 all over 遍及，到处 all right 行，可以 in all 总共，共计 make allowances for 考虑，顾及，体谅 in alliance with 与。。。联盟leave…alone 听其自然，不要去管 let alone 更不用说 along with 与。。。一起 one after another 一个接一个 one another 互相 apart from 除去 as for 至于，就。。。方面说 as if 好像，仿佛 as though 好像，仿佛 as to 至于，关于 aside from 除。。。之外 ask for 请求，要求 on the average 平均，一般来说 right away 立即，马上 back and forth 来回，往返，来来往往地 back off 放，让步，退却 back up 支持，援助 on the basis of 根据 on behalf of 代表，为了 at the best 充其量，至多 get the best of胜过 make the best of 充分利用 for the better 好转，改善 get the better of 打败，智胜had better 最好还是，应该 on board 在船/车飞机上 be bound to 必定，一定 break away 脱离，逃跑 break down 损坏，分解，瓦解 break in 强行进入，闯入，打断break into 闯入 break out 突发，爆发 break through 突破 break up 终止，结束，打碎catch one’s breath 屏息 out of breath 喘不过气来 in brief 简而言之 bring about 带来，造成 bring down 打倒，挫伤 bring forth 产生，提出 bring forward 提出 bring out 使出现，公布 bring to 使恢复知觉 bring up 教育，培养，使成长build up 积累，树立，逐步建立 in bulk 散装，大批 burn out烧掉 burn up烧完，烧尽 call for 邀请，要求，需要 call forth 唤起，引起
历年考研英语完形填空 真题 -CAL-FENGHAI-(2020YEAR-YICAI)_JINGBIAN
历年考研英语完形填空真题（2005） The human nose is an underrated tool. Humans are often thought to be insensitive smellers compared with animals, 1 this is largely because, 2 animals ,we stand upright. This means that our noses are 3 to perceiving those smells which float through the air, 4 the majority of smells which stick to surfaces. In fact 5 , we are extremely sensitive to smells, 6 we do not generally realize it. Our noses are capable of 7 human smells even when these are 8 to far below one part in one million. Strangely, some people find that they can smell one type of flower but not another, 9 others are sensitive to the smells of both flowers. This may be because some people do not have the genes necessary to generate 10 smell receptors in the nose. These receptors are the cells which sense smells and send 11 to the brain. However, it has been found that even people insensitive to a certain smell 12 can suddenly become sensitive to it when 13 to it often enough. The explanation for insensitivity to smell seems to be that brain finds it 14 to keep all smell receptors working all the time but can 15 new receptors if necessary. This may 16 explain why we are not usually sensitive to our own smells we simply do not need to be. We are not 17 of the usual smell of our own house but we 18 new smells when we visit someone else's. The brain finds it best to keep smell receptors 19 for unfamiliar and emergency signals 20 the smell of smoke, which might indicate the danger of fire. 1. [A]although [B]as [C]but [D]while 2. [A]above [B]unlike [C]excluding [D]besides 3. [A]limited [B]committed [C]dedicated [D]confined 4. [A]catching [B]ignoring [C]missing [D]tracking 5. [A]anyway [B]though [C]instead [D]therefore 6. [A]even if [B]if only [C]only if [D]as if 7. [A]distinguishing[B]discovering [C]determining[D]detecting 8. [A]diluted [B]dissolved [C]determining[D]diffused 9. [A]when [B]since [C]for [D]whereas 10. [A]unusual [B]particular [C]unique [D]typical 11. [A]signs [B]stimuli [C]messages [D]impulses 12. [A]at first [B]at all [C]at large [D]at times 13. [A]subjected [B]left [C]drawn [D]exposed 14. [A]ineffective [B]incompetent [C]inefficient[D]insufficient 15. [A]introduce [B]summon [C]trigger [D]create 16. [A]still [B]also [C]otherwise [D]nevertheless 17. [A]sure [B]sick [C]aware [D]tired 18. [A]tolerate [B]repel [C]neglect [D]notice 19. [A]availabe [B]reliable[C]identifiable[D]suitable 20. [A]similar to[B]such as [C]along with [D]aside from
一. 完形填空整体介绍： 1.完形填空历年考察的效率（表格）。 2.完形填空解题核心和复习思路。 ---- 以主旨为导向，以逻辑为准绳，段落为战场，以选项分析为武器。 ---- 阅读是做题的基础，逻辑是判断的依据，切勿看一空做一空，需瞻前顾后。3.完形填空的发展方向。 以考察文章发展脉络和理解为主，同时考察核心词的运用，同义词辨析越来越少。 二. 八套卷完型样题讲解及思路展示 以第四套及第七套文章为纲展示核心考点： 1. 第四套文章行文模式：英语一重点形式 完型填空常见行文模式： 1). 现象描述+现象说明（正反）（09，16） 2). 实验研究的设想/结果+实验过程及分析+总结/意义(08, 09,10,11,13,15) 3).提出问题+分析问题+解决方案及建议（06,12,14） 2. 涉及解题技巧及考点： 逻辑一致 核心成分分析+选项分析 同义选项 同形选项
（第一段）Ellie is a psychologist, and a damned good one at that. Smile in a certain way, and she knows 1what your smile means. 2 a nervous tic or tension in an eye, and she instantly 3 on it. She listens to what you say, 4 every word, works out the meaning of your 5 , your tone, your posture, everything. She is at the 6 of her game but, according to a new study, her greatest 7 is that she is not human. 1. A. precisely B. delicately C. accurately D. particularly 2. A. Reveal B. Develop C. Burst D. Deliver 3. A. stays up B. picks up C. checks up D. holds up 4. A. disposes B. resolves C. processes D. executes 6. A. cross B. termination C. topD. milestone 7. A. asset B. capital C. resource D. property 5. A. vibration B. pause C. omission D. pitch 同义词原则： 第五套：In 2014，eight 2 ten women prisoners were 3 for non-violent 4 , compared with seven in ten male prisoners. 3. A. jailedB. captivated C. charged D. accused 4. A. offences B. attacks C. behaviours D. responses 四个同义词： 第五套：Another 13 is that female prisoners are trickier to manage because they are more likely to
考研英语完形填空刷题 方法 集团文件版本号：（M928-T898-M248-WU2669-I2896-DQ586-M1988）
完形填空刷题方法时间转瞬即逝，我们的暑期备考已近进行了一半，你的复习怎么样了，今天为大家分享2018考研英语完型突破实用方法，一起来看看。 完形填空是英语题型中得分率不高的一个题型，但总体分值也不多，该怎么安排这部分的复习呢?下面来谈谈这个问题： 一、如何复习完形填空?什么时候开始准备? 完形填空是考研比较难的一部分，从历年的平均分可看出，每年平均分都在5分左右，低于及格分。又由于完形填空所占分值不高，许多同学都选择避开，复习阅读时顺带复习完形，或者干脆不管，考试时“蒙一水”。这种做法有一定道理，毕竟完型较难，分值不多，就算投入大量时间和精力也不一定能保证多几分。但是，就算如此，完型也不能甩手不管，需要投入一定时间去准备，另外就是了解一些完形填空出题规律以及做题的技巧和方法，争取达到及格分以上。 复习完形建议以真题为参考，立足真题。把完形出现的固定搭配、固定词组整理出来，在你开始接触真题时就该复习完型。一般在9月后开始系统准备、做题为宜。 二、完形填空有没有做题技巧? 完形填空做题技巧历来都是备受同学青睐。对于这种提分不容易，分值比例又较低的部分同学们都倾向于用“技巧”解题。在此要提醒同学们，任何技巧都是建立在基础上的，技巧不能决定成败，但可起到锦上添花作用。同时，下面给大家分享一些技巧： A、完形填空的第一句话作为文章的开篇，告诉我们文章的主题，下面的内容都是围绕它展开，因此第一句都是完整的，我们也要紧抓第一句话，自己所做的选择都应与第一句的意思相一致。另外注意完形填空选的是最佳答案，而不是正确答案 B、学会利用红花绿叶原则做题。完形词汇分为红花词和绿叶词。红花词就是每次出现在真题里都会选;绿叶词就是屡次出现屡次不选。比如说however、although、yet、because等属于红花词。Since、nowthat、what、if only、in case等都属于绿叶词。根据往年经验，利用红花绿叶原则做题能做对2-5题，但同时也有失手可能，失手也是有原因的，因为和后面提到的原则矛盾了。 C、同义原则：在四个选项中，当两个或三个实词互为同义词时，答案往往在其中。当两个或三个虚词互为同义词时，往往都不选。当四个
历年考研英语完型填空词组搭配总结（英语一） 上世纪考研完形填空词组搭配总结：(1993-2000) As.....as possible: 尽可能..... In addition: 此外 Reach a conclusion: 达成一致 Stir up：引起；导致 Be of the importance = be important：.....是重要的 Sb pass out：某人昏迷了 Take away：拿走 Back up：支持back sb up Pay attention to sb/sth：注意某人/某事 Lay emphasis on sth：强调某事 Cast light on：阐述；阐明 As if：好像（一般用于句中） Only if：只有（置于句首时要倒装） If only：要是......就好了（用于虚拟语气，经常后面跟的是好事） Transform sth into sth：将某物转化成/变成某物 In that = because：因为 Swarm into：（人群或兽群）蜂拥涌向某地 Even though：即使 Now that：既然；由于（经常由于句首，引导原因状语从句）
Be of the importance = be important：.....是重要的 Provided that = if：如果；假设 Be marked by：以.....为特征 By contrast = on the contrary：相反的 Pay off：让某人赢得利益或回报 例子：Finally your hard work pays off. 最后你的努力得到了回报。 Turn up：出现；出厂 Other than：除了 Ever since：自从 Insurance against：对.......防御；预防 Long before：很久以前不要和long before混淆，它的意思是很快，不久。
历年考研英语完型填空常 考固定搭配 a number of 若干 above all 首要，尤其 be absorbed in 专心于 by accident 偶然 account for 说明 on account of 因为，由于 take…into account 考虑 be accustomed to 习惯于 add up to 合计，总计 in addition 另外 in addition to 除。。。之外 in advance 提前，预先 take advantage of 利用 ahead of 在。。。前面，先于 in the air 在流行中，在传播中 after all 终于，毕竟，虽然这样 all but 几乎，差一点，除。。。之外其余都 all over 遍及，到处 all right 行，可以 at all 完全，根本 in all 总共，共计 make allowances for 考 虑，顾及，体谅 in alliance with 与。。。联 盟 leave…alone 听其自然， 不要去管 let alone 更不用说 along with 与。。。一起 one after another 一个接 一个 one another 互相 apart from 除去 as for 至于，就。。。方面 说 as if 好像，仿佛 as though 好像，仿佛 as to 至于，关于 as well 也，一样 aside from 除。。。之外 ask for 请求，要求 pay attention to 注意 on the average 平均，一般 来说 right away 立即，马上 back and forth 来回，往返， 来来往往地 back off 放，让步，退却 back up 支持，援助 on the basis of 根据， 在。。。的基础上 because of 由于，因为 on behalf of 代表，为了 at the best 充其量，至多 do / try one’s best 尽力， 努力 get the best of胜过 make the best of 充分利 用，妥善处理 for the better 好转，改善 get the better of 打败，智 胜 had better 最好还是，应该 on board 在船/车飞机上 be bound to 必定，一定 break away 脱离，逃跑 break down 损坏，分解， 瓦解 break in 强行进入，闯入， 打断 break into 闯入 break out 突发，爆发
2010考研英语完形填空分析及标准答案 2010年的考研英语完型填空部分，使用了2009年6月6日 Economist 《经济学人》杂志上的一篇文章，文章主要内容，是对社会学上一个经典的理论：霍桑效应的批判和反思。文章难度适中。命题专家在出题的时候也进行了一定程度的改写。下面结合原文，我来公布一下标准答案。 Light work; Questioning the Hawthorne effect June 6, 2009 WHEN America's National Research Council sent two engineers to supervise a series of industrial experiments at a large telephone-parts factory called the Hawthorne Plant near Chicago in 1924, it hoped they would learn how shop-floor lighting affected (第一题答案为A)workers' productivity. Instead, the studies ended up (第二题答案为B)giving their name to the "Hawthorne effect", the extremely influential idea that the very act (第三题答案为C)of being experimented upon changes subjects' behaviour。 The idea arose because of the perplexing (第四题答案为B)behaviour of the women (who assembled relays and wound coils of wire)(题目中此处删除) in the Hawthorne plant. According to accounts (第五题答案为C)of the experiments, their hourly output rose when lighting was increased, but also when it was dimmed. It did not matter (第六题答案为B)what was done; so long as (第七题答案为D)something was changed, productivity rose. An awareness (第八题答案为A)that they were being experimented upon seemed to be enough (第九题答案为C)to alter workers' behaviour by (第十题答案为D)itself。 命题专家改写了下面的句子(The data from the illumination experiments had never been rigorously analysed and were believed lost. But Steven Levitt and John List, two economists at the University of Chicago, discovered that the data had survived the decades in two archives in Milwaukee and Boston,) and decided to subject (第十一题答案为C)them to econometric analysis. The Hawthorne experiments had another surprise in store for them. Contrary to (第十二题答案为A)the descriptions in the literature, they found no systematic evidence (第十三题答案为A)that levels of productivity in the factory rose whenever changes in lighting were implemented。 It turns out that idiosyncrasies in the way the experiments were conducted may have led to misleading (第十四题答案为D)interpretations of what happened. For example(第十五题答案为B)， lighting was always changed on a Sunday, when the plant was closed. When it reopened on Monday, output duly rose (第十六题答案为A)compared with Saturday, the last working day before the change, and continued (第十七题答案为D)to rise for the next couple of days. But (第十八题答案)a comparison with data for weeks when there was no experimentation showed that
根据对总结历年真题的总结发现，完型填空中的逻辑关系词总共有十大类。 第一：并列关系。并列关系是比较简单的一种逻辑关系词。 常考的标志词：and, and or so, not only…but also, neither nor, that is to say. 我们看一个真题： 1996(41)：They do not provide energy, ___do they construct or build and part of the body. [A]either [B]so [C]nor [D]never 观察一下这句话，有一个显著的特点是在横线后面的语序采用的是倒装语序，那么回忆一下语法中哪些情况可以引起句子倒装呢?肯定有否定词前置引起句子倒装。同时，在本句中，逗号之前的句子有否定词，因此，横线上选择的词汇必然要满足两个条件，第一可以前面的否定呼应，第二，可以引起句子倒装。所以，纵观四个选项，只有nor 满足两个条件，为正确答案。 第二：因果关系。因果关系词是比较容易判断的一种逻辑关系，前面叙述原因，后面叙述结果，反之亦然。但是，在历年考研完型填空中，经常出现广大考生不熟悉的词组，为了帮助考生辨认，我将这些短语列出如下：because, for, so that, such… that , in order that, due to, thanks to, in response to , considering that. 考生看到这样的短语就要想到是因果关系，反过来，判断出上下句逻辑关系是因果，要能够从选项中选出这些短语。 第三：转折关系。常用逻辑连接词有but, yet, however, on the contrary, on the other hand.下面我们看一道真题。看看这样的问题我们应该怎样解决。 1996(50)Many people ,___,believe in being on the “safe side” and thus take extra vitamins. [A]nevertheless [B]therefore [C]moreover [D]meanwhile 我们看这道题的四个选项，就是让我们选择逻辑关系词，所以，我们首先要判断前后两句的逻辑关系。上文说“尽管获取过量的维生素对身体没有营养价值，但获得足够的维生素对人的生命是至关重要的”而这句表达的大概意思为很多人——为了安全起见，服用额外的维生素。从这两句话，我们可以感觉出来是转折关系。因此，纵观四个选项，只有A表示转折，为正确答案。 第四：让步关系。常用逻辑连接词有although, even if, nevertheless, despite, in spite of, regardless of, anyway, anyhow. 第五：递进关系。常用逻辑连接词有aslo, then, besides, in addition, furthermore, what’s more. 我们来看一道考研真题。 1994 The words used by the speaker may _44__ unfavorable reactions in the listener __45__ interfere with his comprehension; hence, the transmission-reception system breaks down. __46___, inaccurate or indefinite words may make _47____ difficult for the listener to understand the __48___ which is being transmitted to him. 46 [A]Moreover [B]However [C]Preliminarily [D]Unexpectedly 我们看这道题，第一段文字是在说词汇可能会导致听话人错误的理解。而46空格后面继续说用词不准确会怎么样。由此，我们可以看出，这两段之间的关系应该是递进，即进一步说明用词不当会带来的后果。A选项刚好是递进关系比较常见的逻辑关系词。A为正确选项。 第六：列举顺序关系。常用逻辑词有first, then, on one hand, some…others…still others. 最后一个短语如果出现，各位考生需要能够辨认出这种形式。