非谓语动词有3种形式：不定式、动名词和分词
Ⅰ不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的性质
1.T o see is to believe.
2. It?s difficult (for us) to learn English.
3. It?s foolish of h er to believe him.= She is foolish to believe him.
二作表语
1. His aim is to win the first prize.
2. All we can do is (to) wait.
One?s dream / aim / ambition / wish / The first step / What I want to do is to…
三作宾语
1. He demanded to be told the truth.
2. He pretended to be doing his homework / to have fallen asleep when Mother came in.
（decide / fail / manage / refuse / pretend / choose / agree / hope/ plan / promise / make up one?s mind + to do）
3.I don?t know what to do.
（decide / find out / know / learn / consider etc + 疑问词+ to do）
4. Anyone can become a better scholar if he wants to.
5. ---Are you on holiday? ---No, but I?d like to be.
四作宾补或主补
1. I?ll have him say something at the meeting.
have sb do = get sb to do
feel; hear / listen to; let / have / make; see / watch / look at / notice / observe sb do
但被动语态要+ to, let 例外
Listen to me read the text.
He is often listened to to sing the song.
He was let go by the police.
2. He ordered his men to fire.
wish / advise / persuade / allow / permit / want / tell / ask / expect / order / require / request sb to do
suggest / hope / agree / demand / arrange sb to do
3. He is said to be doing the work of next year.
It?s said that he is doing the work of next year.
sb + seem / appear / happen / be said / be reported / be known /
be found / be believed + to do / to be doing / to have ( been) done
It + seem / appear / happen / be said … / be believe that….
六作定语
1. I have a lot of work to do / no pen to write with.
2. the first to come / to be awarded the Nobel Prize
3. the last person to do such a thing 最不愿意做…的人
4. the house to be built next year
比较: the house being built now / build last year
七作状语(目的、原因、结果或条件）
目的to / in order to / so as to
结果enough to / too…to / so…as to / such…as to / only to
1. The bus stopped to pick up passengers.
2. He set out early in order to / so as to catch the first bus.
= In order to / T o catch the first bus he set out early.
3. I?m sorry to have kept you waiting.
4. I hurried to school only to be told it was a holiday.
only to do sth 表示出于预料之外的结果
不定式的否定形式
She kept silent about the accident so as not to lose his job.
不定式的完成和被动式
The book seems to have been translated into English.
但是: The book is difficult to understand.
I have a letter to write / a lot of work to do.
He is to blame for the accident.
Ⅱ动名词具有名词的性质
1. Seeing is believing. = T o see is to believe.
2. It?s no use / no good / useless doing sth. It?s no use crying over spilt milk.
3. Being forced to leave the classroom made him feel embarrassed.
二作表语
1. My job is teaching English.
比较: One?s dream / aim / ambition / The first step is to do sth.
动名词作表语, 可与主语交换位置, 句子成立; 现在分词则不能。
三作宾语（动宾/ 介宾/ it 作形式宾语）
1. I appreciate hearing from you again.
2. He doesn?t feel like eating anything.
四作定语
1. a writing desk
2. a swimming pool 动名词作定语表示被修饰名词的用途
比较: a sleeping boy = a boy who is sleeping 现在分词作定语表示被修饰名词的动作
Ⅲ现在分词和过去分词具有形容词和副词的性质
一作表语
The news is exciting. W e are excited.
二作宾补或主补
感官动词和实意动词see / hear / watch / look at / notice / feel
Make/have/leave/get
四作定语
1.falling leaves / fallen leaves
2.a friend living in London
3.the book written by Lu Xun
五作状语
1. Be careful while crossing the street.
Having been shown the lab, they were taken to see the library.
Hearing the news, they jumped with joy. （时间）
2. Being repaired, the swimming pool doesn?t open today.
Not having received her letter, she wrote another.
Encouraged by his teacher, he decided to follow a music career. (原因)
3. Given enough time, we could do it much better.
T urning left, you will find the shop. (条件)
4. They stood there waiting for a bus.
The old man went out of the hospital, supported by his son.
We walked as fast as we could, hoping to catch the first bus.(伴随)
5. The new machine works twice as fast, thus greatly reducing cost.
His parents died, leaving him an orphan.分词表示自然的结果;不定式则表示预料之外的结果6. Though / Even if invited, he will not come (让步)
※独立主格结构
分词作状语时, 其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语一致, 否则必须有自己独立的逻辑主语
Seen from the top of the building, the city looked very charming.
Time permitting, we?ll have a discussion.
独立主格结构由名词/代词+分词/形容词/副词等构成，在句中作原因、条件、时间和伴随状语
1. There being no bus, we had to walk home.
2. W eather permitting, we will have a picnic.
with 结构
1. with + n + doing
with so many patients waiting outside a boy
2. with + n + done
with his eyes fixed on the blackboard
3. with + n + to do
with so much work to do
非谓语动词专项练习
1. ___ anything about the accident, he went to work as usual.
A . Don?t know B. not to know C. not knowing D. not to be knowing
2. the next morning she found the man __in bed, dead.
A. lying
B. lie
C. lay
D. laying
3. he had his leg __in the match yesterday.
A .to break B. broken C. break D. breaking
4. most of the people __ to the party were famous scientists.
A. invited
B. to invite
C. being invited
D. inviting
5. Do you know the boy ___under the tree?
A. lay
B. lain
C. laying
D. lying
6. ---Good morning. Can I help you?
-----I…d like to have this package ___
A. be weighed
B. to be weighed
C. to weigh
D. weighed
8._____more attention, the trees could have grown better.
A. given
B. to give
C. giving
D. having given
9. the murderer was brought in, with his hand ___behind his back..
A. being tied
B. having tied
C. to be tied
D. tied
10. the secretary worked late into the night ,___a long speech for the president.
A. to prepare
B. preparing
C. prepared
D. was preparing
11. she?s upstairs ____ a letter.
A. writes
B. is writing
C. write
D. writing
12. it was so cold that they kept the fire ___all night.
A. to burn
B. burn
C. burning
D. burned
13.the speaker raised his voice but still couldn?t make himself ___
A. hear
B. to hear
C. hearing
D. heard
14. _______ a reply, he decided to write again.
A. not receiving
B. receiving not
C. not having received
D. having not received
15.the salesman scolded the girl caught ___ and let her off.
A. to have stolen
B. to be stealing
C. to steal
D. stealing
16. “can?t you read ?” she said ____to the notice.
A. angrily pointing
B. and point angrily
C. angrily pointed
D. and angrily pointing
17.the missing boys were seen ____near the river.
A. playing
B. to be playing
C. play
D.to play
18._______to top of the hill, and you can see the whole of the town.
A. Get
B. To get
C. Getting
D. Having got CA B A D DAADBDCDCD A AA
非谓语动词 非谓语动词指的是在句中起名词，形容词或副词作用的动词形式，而不是作谓语的动词形式。动词的非谓语形式分为动名词，分词，动词不定式。 Climbing mountain is a good exercise. (Climbing..., 动名词起名词作用） Do you know the man wearing a white shirt. （wearing ..分词起形容词作用） He gets up early to catch the first bus. (to catch ...不定式起副词作用) 谓语动词和非谓语动词的区别： 1)谓语动词在句中可单独作谓语，而非谓语动词不能单独作谓语。 Miss Mary teaches us English. 玛丽教我们英语。（teaches 动词作谓语） Mr. Li came to our classroom to have a talk with us last week. （to have a talk.... 不定式作状语） 2)谓语动词受主语的人称和数的限制，而非谓语动词形式没有这种限制。 Mike likes the pop music. （动词用单数第三人称形式） Lucy has nothing to do today。（do 用原形） 非谓语动词的形式变化： 不定式主动被动 一般to write to be written 进行to be writing 完成to have written to have been written 完成进行to have been writing 现在分词主动被动 一般writing being written 完成having written having been written 过去分词主动被动 一般written 动名词主动被动 一般writing being written 完成having written having been written ●动词不定式： 动词不定式是由to + 动词原形构成，在句中起名词，形容词和副词的作用，可以担任除谓语以外的其它任何成分。(主语,宾语，宾语补足语，表语，定语，状语) 1. 动词不定式作主语： To master a language is not an easy thing. To teach English is my favorite. It's my pleasure to help you. 动词不定式作主语时可以放在后面，而用it 作形式主语放在原主语的位置上。 It's very kind of you to have given us much help. 你给了我们那么多的帮助真是太好了。 It's necessary to find the witness. 有必要找到目击者。 2. 动词不定式作宾语： 某些及物动词可以用动词不定式作宾语，这些动词有decide, begin, help, begin, want, wish, like, forget, learn, ask. What I wish is to learn English well.
非谓语动词用法归纳 一、表格的用法 1. doing 的用法 （1）在要求动词后（作宾语）：avoid 避免appreciate 感激/欣赏acknowledge 承认/自 认admit 承认advocate 提倡/ 主张consider 考虑can't help 不禁can't stand 受不了contemplate 细想complete 完成confess 坦白dislike 不喜欢，讨厌deserve 值得delay 延迟deny 否认dread 可怕defer 拖延detest 嫌恶enjoy 享有/喜爱envy 嫉妒endure 忍受excuse 借口escape 逃跑/ 逃避finish 完成forgive 原谅fancy 幻想/ 爱好favor 造成/ 偏爱figure 描绘/ 计算hate 讨厌imagine 设想involve 卷入/ 包含keep 保持miss 错过mention 说到/ 讲到mind 介意pardon 原谅/ 饶恕permit 允许postpone 推迟practice 实行/实践prevent 阻止quit 放弃停止risk 冒险recall 回想resist 抵抗/ 阻止resume 恢复repent 悔悟resent 怨恨stand 坚持/ 忍受suggest 建议save 营救/ 储蓄tolerate 忍受
worth 值得 You should try to avoid making mistakes. The book is worth reading. The book deserves reading. （2）表进行 Walking on the grassland, I saw a snake.=When I was walking on the grassland, I saw a snake. The man speaking English is Tom. = The man who is speaking English is Tom. （3）表主动 The man speaking English is Tom = The man who speaks English is Tom. = The man who spoke English is Tom. Nobody dinks boiling water but boiled water.= Nobody dinks water that is boiling but the water that has boiled. （4）表伴随 I stand outside waiting for Mr. Chen. I lie in bed reading a novel. （5）表性质；特点 The film is very moving. She is understanding, so you had better discuss your business with her. 6）概括性, 一般性 Climbing mountain is very interesting.
非谓语动词共分为三种，构成形式如下： 1.动词不定式(Infinitives)： 2.现在分词和过去分词(present participles & past participles): 3. 动名词(gerunds) 下面我们依据句子的成分，来具体分析非谓语动词的不同用法。 1.非谓语动词做主语和表语 主语、表语和同位语在句子中用名词来担当，非谓语动词中动词不定式和动名词均可以用作名词，因此，动词不定式和动名词可以用来担当这三种成分。 1）非谓语动词做主语 一般情况下，用动名词来做主语的情况比较多，动词不定式用作主语的情况比较少。通常来说，在表达将来的要发生的事情时用不定式来作主语，而表达一般情况习惯性的动作时用动名词来作主语。 例如：Teaching is a tiring but satisfying job. Swimming is a good kind of exercise. To be an astronaut is Johnson’s desire. 在用it做形式主语的句子中通常用动词不定式来做真正的主语。 例如：It is necessary (for you) to give up smoking. It is everyone’s duty to protect the environment.
但是值得注意的是在各别情况下，即使是It做形式主语，真正的主语也必须用动名词，这些情况很少，所以希望同学们能单独记忆下来，以下是此类情况的一个总结。 It is/was no use/good doing sth. It is/was not any use/good doing sth. It is/was of little use/good doing sth. 2)非谓语动词做表语 非谓语动词作此成分的时候跟作主语时的规则基本一致。 在表示“目的，愿望，梦想，需求”等名词做主语时其表语应该用不定式. 例如：Her wish was to become an artist.她的愿望是成为一位艺术家 Our aim is to help them，not to teach them a lesson.我们的目的是帮助他们，而不是教训他们。 动名词做表语，表示抽象概念。动名词做表语一般用来表示“身份，职业”等.大部分时候主语与表语可以互换。 例如：My job is teaching.(Teaching is my job.) 此外，还要注意主语与表语的一致性。 例如：Seeing is believing.百闻不如一见。 To see is to believe.
最新初中英语非谓语动词专项训练及答案 一、非谓语动词 1．Our teacher often tells us in the river. It's dangerous. A. not swim B. not to swim C. to swim D. swimming 【答案】 B 【解析】【分析】句意：游泳是危险的。题目中的 tell（告诉）是谓语，句子在连接第二个动词时，需要用 to 来连接，将其非谓语化，既不定式：to +动词原形。可以排除 A 和 D。所以可以推断出老师是告诉我们不要去游泳。因此选择不定式的否定形式，故答案为B。【点评】考查动词不定式，熟记固定搭配。 2．My brother is a humorous young man. He often tells jokes to make us . A. laughing B. laugh C. to laugh 【答案】 B 【解析】【分析】句意：我哥哥是应该幽默的年轻人，他经常讲笑话让我们笑。make sb do sth ,使某人做某事，省略to的动词不定式，应该是动词原形，故选B。 【点评】考查省略to的动词不定式。make sb do sth ,使某人做某事。 3．To keep children away from danger，we warn parents ________ children at home alone． A. leave B. to leave C. not leave D. not to leave 【答案】 D 【解析】【分析】考查不定式短语．句意：为了让孩子们远离危险，我们警告家长不要把孩子单独留在家里．warn sb not to do sth警告某人不要做某事．根据题干To keep children away from danger为了让孩子们远离危险，可知应说我们警告家长不要把孩子单独留在家里．故选D． 4．Most people enjoy other people games. A. watching; plays B. to watch; to play C. watching; playing D. watching; to play 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】句意:许多人喜欢看别人做游戏。喜欢做某事:enjoy doing sth后跟动名词作宾语;看某人做某事:watch sb do sth（用省to的不定式表示看到了整个过程）;watch sb doing sth（用动名词表示看到了动作在发生）。人们喜欢看别人在做游戏而不一定是整个过程，故选C。 5．—In my opinion, animals shouldn't be kept for fun. — I think so. Forests are the best places for animals ______________. A. live B. living C. to live D. to live in 【答案】 D
最新英语非谓语动词用法总结(完整) 一、单项选择非谓语动词 1．Students surf the internet _______ more information about the university they are dreamt of. A．found B．finding C．having found D．to find 【答案】D 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：学生们上网是为了找到他们理想大学的更多的信息。此处表示目的用不定式，指上网的目的。故选D。 2．Look over there! There is a long, winding path ________ up to the house. A．lead B．leading C．led D．to lead 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：看那边!有一条长长的蜿蜒小路通向那所房子。分析句式可知，这是个there be 句型，因此，此处用非谓语动词，path与lead是主动关系，因此用现在分词，故选B。 3．______ to nuclear radiation, even for a short time, may influence genes in human bodies. A．Having exposed B．Being exposed C．To expose D．Exposed 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】 考查动名词。句意：暴露于核辐射中甚至很短时间都会影响人体的基因。分析句子成分发现even for a short time是插入语，may influence是谓语，前面的部分应该是主语，be exposed to“暴露于”，要用动名词Being exposed to。故B选项正确。 4．The lecture, _______at 7:00 pm last night, was followed by an observation of the moon with telescopes. A．starting B．being started C．to start D．to be started 【答案】A 【解析】 选A start与逻辑主语the lecture之间为主动关系，故排除B、D两项。不定式作定语时，常表示动作尚未发生，故排除C项，此处用现在分词作后置定语，表示主动。 第四步：根据与谓语动词的先后关系确定时态 非谓语动词表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前用过去分词或v.-ing形式/不定式的
词的非谓语形式有三种：不定式、动名词和分词． (一)不定式 不定式由“ to十动词原形”构成，其否定形式是“ not to do”．不定式可以带宾语或状语构成不定式短语，没有人称和数的变化，但有时态和语态的变化．不定式可作主语、宾语、状语、表语和定语，但不能单独作谓语．不定式的逻辑主语有时用“ for十名词或代词宾格”构成． 1．不定式的用法： l)作主语．不定式短语作主语时，往往放在谓语之后，用 it作形式主语．例如： To see is to believe． It is right to give up smoking． 2)作宾语．不定式短语作宾语时，如果还带有宾语补足语。往往把不定式宾语放在宾语补足语之后，而用 it作形式宾语．例如： He wanted to go． I find it interesting to study work with him. 3)作宾语补足语．例如： He asked me to do the work with him. 注意：在 feel，hear，listen to，look at，notice, observe，see，watch，have，let，make等词后的补足语中，不定式不带 to．但是这些句子如果变成被动结构时，就必须带 to．例如 I often hear him sing the song． He is often heard to sing the song． 注意：不定式动词在介词 but，except，besides后面时，如果这些介词之前有行为动词 do 的各种形式，那么，这些介词后的不定式不带 to，否则要带 to．如： She could do nothing but cry. What do you like to do besides swim? I have no choice but to go． 4)作定语．例如： I have some books for you to read．注①作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后面须有相应的介词．例如： He is looking for a room to live in． There is nothing to worry about． Please give me a knife to cut with． 但是，不定式所修饰的名词如果是 time，place或 way，不定式后面的介词习惯上要省去．例如： He had no money and no place to live. 注②当作定语的不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的承受者时，不定式既可以用主动语态，也可用被动语态，但其含义有所不同．试比较： A) Have you anything to send? 你有什么东西要寄吗? (不走式 to send的动作执行者是 you) B) Have you anything to be sent? 你有什么要(我或别人)寄的东西吗?(不定式 to be sent的动作执行者是已被省略的 me
非谓语动词之动词ing 1．A new law will go into effect on August 1st.According to this law，people found ______“harmful”advertisements in the streets will be punished strictly. A．putting up B．to put up C．being putting up D．having put up 2．Time should be made good use of ______ our lessons well. A．to learn B．learning C．learn D．learnt 3．With trees and grass ______ 39.6%of the urban area，the city of Weifang has taken on a new look. A．covered B．covering C．to be covered D．being covered 4．______ alone in the large house，the little boy had to learn to survive by himself. A．To leave B．Leaving C．Left D．Being left 5．The firm was successfully run and ______，he owed his success to the support of his friends. A．looking back B．looked back C．to look back D．when looked back 6．Taiwan leader Ma Ying-jeou estimated on Friday that more than 500 people had died in floods a nd mudslides ______ by Typhoon Morakot. A．caus ed B．causing C．being caused D．to be caused 7．The scientist was rewarded by the government for ______ such a great contribution to the country. A．make B．making C．being made D．having made 8．Nearly half a million people are believed ______ their homes as a result of the disaster. A．to leave B．to be left C．to be leaving D．to have left 9．—Why are you looking pleased? —Oh，I’ve just had a job______. A．to offer B．offering C．offered D．to be offered 10．After the party，most guests left，with only two of them ______ in the host family，______ him cleaning up. A．remaining；helped B．remaining；helping C．remained；helped D．remained；helpi ng 11．For English teachers ______ a more effective role in teaching，they must make every effort to raise students’ cross-cultural awareness. A．to play B．playing C．having played D．play 12．Something as simple as _____ vegetables in childhood may help to protect you against serious illness in later life. A．to eat B．eating C．to be eating D．eaten 13．When I went in，my pet happened ______ on my bed，______TV. A．to be lying；watching B．to have lain；watch C．to lie；and watched D．to be laying；watching 14．Friends are like leaves，______ everywhere，but true friends are like diamonds，precious and rare. A．to find B．finding C．found D．being found 15．_____at my classmates’faces，I read the same excitement in their eyes. A．Looking B．Look C．To look D．Looked 16．The next thing he saw was smoke ______ from behind the house. A．rose B．rising C．to rise D．risen 17．Look over there—there’s a very long，winding path ______ up to the house. A．leading B．leads C．led D．to lead 18．Recently a sur vey_____ prices of the same goods in two different supermarkets has caused heated deba te among citizens. A．compared B．compari ng C．compares D．being compared 19．Bats are surprisingly longlived creatures，some______ a life span of around 20 years. A．having B．had C．have D．to have 20．Sit down，Emma. You will only make yourself more tired，______ on your feet. A．to keep B．keeping C．hav ing kept D．to have kept 21．Do you wake up every morning ______ energetic and ready to start a new day? A．feel B．to feel C．feeling D．felt 22．More highways have been built in China，______ it much easier for people to travel from one place to another. A．making B．made C．to make D．having made 23．On receiving a phone call from his wife ______ she had a fall，Mr.Gordon immediately rushed home from his office. A．says B．said C．saying D．to say 24．Sarah pretended to be cheerful，______ nothing about the argument.
非谓语动词（不定式、动名词） 【考点概述】 非谓语动词的本意是不能做谓语的词性，但是它具有谓语动词的性质。非谓语动词是英语中特有的，在汉语中没有此概念。所以在掌握此语法是比较困难的，在平时的备考之中应注意多多练习。 【考点释义】 考点一：不定式 （1）构成：to+动词原形（do）如： I like to swim. 注意：不定式有省“to”的不定式和不省“to”的不定式两类，但多数以不省“to”的不定式为主。如：I heard him (to)sing. 我听到他在唱歌。 （2）句法功能： 1. 作主语 在英语中为了避免头重脚轻，当不定式作主语时有时主语太长时我们用形式主语“it”来作“形式主语”，将真正主语移植动词不定时之后。形式主语也就是我们所说的“不定式的复合结构”。其构成为“It +be +(for/of sb) to do sth. 如： ① It is very important ( us) to study English. = To study English is very important for us. 学英语对我们来说是很重要的 ② It is very kind ( you) to help me. = To help me is very kind of you. 你帮助我太好了。 【易错警示】我们在区别“of”和“for”的方法如下： 当介词“of”或“for”后面接的代词与前面形容词之间能否构成主谓逻辑关系就决定是用介词“of”或“for”。如果能够成主谓逻辑关系时我们使用介词“of”，反之则用介词“for”。例如上述两个例子。 ①It is very important (for us) to study English. Us is very important.（不成立） 由于不能构成主谓关系，所以用介词“for”。 ②It is very kind (of you) to help me. You are very kind. (成立) 由于构成主谓关系，所以用介词“of”。 2. 作宾语 当动词不定式作宾语是表示的是一种打算、希望、命令等。如: ① I want to read English magazines every day. 我每天想读英语杂志。（表想，希望） ② I determine to go for a long holiday. 我决定去度一个长假。（表打算，决定）【归纳】常接不定式作宾语的动词有如下： want determine decide hope plan except would like 等。 3. 作宾补 当动词不定时作宾补即宾语补足语时宾补与宾语之间就会构成主谓的逻辑关系，宾补成立的条件唯此一条。 接不定式作宾补的动词有：“advice”、“ask”、“force”、“persuade”、
否定形式: not +不定式,not + 动名词,not + 现在分词
1.不定式与动名词作主语得区别 (1)动名词作主语通常表示抽象动作;而不定式作主语表示具体动作。 smoking is prohibited(禁止)here.这里禁止抽烟。(抽象) it is not very good for you to smoke so much.您抽这么多烟对您身体很不好。(具体) (2)动名词作主语时,通常用以表示一件已知得事或经验。
不定式短语通常用来表示一件未完成得事或目得。 climbing mountains is interesting.爬山很有趣。(经验) driving a car during the rush hour is tiring.在高峰时刻开车令人厌烦。(经验) (3)不定式做主语,一般用it当形式主语,把作主语得不定式短语后置。 it took me only five minutes to finish the job、 动名词或不定式都可以在句中作主语,但在下列句型中常用动名词作主语。 it is / was no use / good + doing sth、 it is / was not any use / good + doing sth、 it is / was of little use / good + doing sth、 it is / was useless doing sth、 it is no use crying over spilt milk、覆水难收。 it is of little good staying up too late every day、 每天都熬夜没有什么好处 2.不定式与动名词作宾语得区别 英语中大多数动词既可跟不定式,也可跟动名词作直接宾语,但有些动词要求: (1)不定式做宾语与宾语补足语 1)下面得动词要求不定式做宾语 afford, agree, arrange, choose, decide, hope, expect, offer, plan, promise, determine, demand, manage, fail, prepare, refuse, pretend, seem 常跟不定式作宾语得动词歌诀: 三个希望两答应,两个要求莫拒绝, 设法学会做决定,不要假装在选择。 hope; wish; want ; agree; promise demand; ask; refuse manage; learn; decide pretend ; choose 想要拒绝命令,需要努力学习,期望同意帮助,希望决定开始。
英语中非谓语动词的三种形式和用法 在谓语以外的句子成分中使用的动词一定要变词形(不能用动词原形)，把动词原形变成不定式、-ing式或者过去分词，所以我们把这三种动词形式称为非谓语动词。 非谓语动词在保留动词特征(能带宾语、状语等)的同时，又兼有其他几种词类的特征，比如： 1.作主语、宾语时-兼有名词性质,相当于一个概念名词、意群(名词词组)或者名词性从句。 相当于一个名词： Reading is great fun. 阅读很有趣。 相当于一个意群： Reading extensively is very necessary. 广泛阅读是很必要的。 相当于名词从句： For him to be dishonest is not easy. 让他变得不诚实可不容易。 2.作定语时-兼有形容语性质，相当于一个形容语、形容词词组或者定语从句(形容词性从句)。 相当于一个形容词：
We love moving movies. 我们喜欢动人的电影。 There are some fallen leaves on the ground now. 现在地上有些落叶了。 相当于一个形容词词组： China will be a highly developed country in dozens of years. 再过几十年中国将成为一个高度发达的国家。 相当于一个形容词从句： She saw a small bird wounded in one wing. 她看见一只有个翅膀受伤的小鸟。 作状语时-兼有副词性质，相当于一个副词、副词词组或者副词从句(状语从句)。 相当于一个副词： She was happy to come. 她很高兴地来了。 相当于一个副词词组： To be frank (frankly),I disagree with you. 坦率地说，我不同意你的话。 相当于一个副词从句： Being late for class (=Because he was late for class), Tom was afraid to enter the classroom.
非谓语动词总结 一．后面可跟动词的ing形式的情况 1.动词：finishdoingsth.完成做某事；enjoydoingsth.喜欢做某事；practicedoingsth.练习做某事；imagine doing,想象做某事；avoid doing sth.避免做某事；considerdoingsth.考虑做某事；suggestdoingsth.建议做某事；minddoingsth.介意做某事；keepdoing sth.持续做某事 doing值得做某事；spendtime(in)doingsth.花费时间（金钱）做某事；havedifficult/trouble in doing sth做某事有困难；have fun doing.做某事高兴 3.介词后(on, in, of, about, at, with, without, for, from, up, by等) 如：be good at doing sth.；thank you for doing sth.；give up doing sth.；stop sb.from doing sth.；do well in doing sth.；be afraid of doing sth.；be interested indoing sth.；be proud of；instead of；be fond of 4.to作介词的情况lookforwardtodoingsth期望做某事； preferdoingsth.todoingsth与…相比较更喜欢…；pay attention to doing注意做某事；be/get used to doingsth.习惯于做某事；make a contribution to为…做贡献 二．后面可跟动词的不定式形式的情况 1.动词：agree todo同意去做；afford to do买得起；decide todo决定去做某事；hopeto do希望去做；wish to do希望去做；fail to do做某事失败去；plan to do打算去做；pretend to do假装去做；refuse to do拒绝去做；would like to do 想要去做；want todo想要去做某事；learntodo学做；prefertodosth.喜欢（爱）做某事；sb.seemtodo sth好像做某事；want/would like to do sth.想做……；used to do sth.过去常做某事 2.句型. allow sb. to do sth.允许某人去做某事 asked sb. (not) to do sth.叫某人做事某事（叫某人不要去做某事）
一、表格的用法 1.doing 的用法 （1）在要求动词后（作宾语）：avoid避免appreciate 感激/欣赏acknowledge承认/自认admit 承认advocate 提倡/主张consider 考虑can't help不禁can't stand受不了contemplate细想complete完成confess坦白dislike 不喜欢，讨厌deserve值得delay延迟deny否认dread可怕defer拖延detest嫌恶enjoy享有/喜爱envy嫉妒endure忍受excuse借口escape逃跑/逃避finish完成forgive原谅fancy幻想/爱好favor 造成/偏爱figure描绘/计算hate讨厌imagine设想involve卷入/包含keep保持miss错过mention说到/讲到mind 介意pardon原谅/饶恕permit允许postpone推迟practice 实行/实践prevent阻止quit放弃停止risk冒险recall回想resist抵抗/阻止resume恢复repent悔悟resent怨恨stand坚持/忍受suggest建议save营救/储蓄tolerate忍受worth值得You should try to avoid making mistakes. The book is worth reading. The book deserves reading. （2）表进行 Walking on the grassland, I saw a snake.=When I was walking on the grassland, I saw a snake. The man speaking English is Tom. = The man who is speaking English is Tom. （3）表主动 The man speaking English is Tom = The man who speaks English is Tom. = The man who spoke English is Tom. Nobody dinks boiling water but boiled water.= Nobody dinks water that is boiling but the water that has boiled. （4）表伴随 I stand outside waiting for Mr. Chen. I lie in bed reading a novel. （5）表性质；特点 The film is very moving. She is understanding, so you had better discuss your business with her. （6）概括性,一般性 Climbing mountain is very interesting. Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring．在高峰时刻开车令人厌烦。(概括性,一般性) Our work is serving the people． （7）动名词的逻辑主语为；①人称代词的所有格+动名词；②名词's+动名词。例如： Tom insisted on my going with them．他坚持要我和他们一起去。 He dislikes his wife's working late．他不喜欢他妻子工作得很晚。
英语非谓语动词用法详解 一、单项选择非谓语动词 1．The news said that the death toll in the tsunami in Indonesia had climbed over 400, with a lot more reported _________. A．to miss B．to have been missing C．having missed D．missing 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】 考查动词不定式。句意：新闻报道称，印尼海啸造成的死亡人数已攀升至400多人，据报道还有更多人失踪。分析句子可知，be reported to do sth “被报道做某事”为固定短语，且在本句中被应用到with的复合结构中。本句中表示“be missing”发生在“report”之前，所以用动词不定式的完成时。故B选项正确。 【点睛】 动词不定式的时态和语态 动词不定式有一般式、进行式、完成式、完成进行式四种时态变化形式，一般式和完成式有被动语态变化形式。 1）不定式的时态意义 不定式的时态是以句中谓语动词的时间为依据的。 ①不定式的一般式 不定式的一般式表示的动作或状态通常发生在谓语动词之后或同时发生 ②不定式的进行式 不定式的进行式表示其动作正在进行，与谓语动词发生的动作同时进行。 ③不定式的完成式 不定式的完成时表达下列意义： a. 不定式的完成式所表示的动作或状态发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。 b. 用在intended, expected, meant, hoped, promised, planned, wished, thought, desired, was, were等词后，不定式的完成式表示未曾实现的愿望、期待、想法、打算或计划等。to have + 过去分词表示动作， to have been表示状态。 C .用在seem, appear, thing, consider, believe等后，表示一个动作先于另一个动作发生。 ④不定式的完成进行式 表示动作在谓语动词之前发生，而且一直进行着。 ⑤ come + 不定式表示一个动作发生的过程 He will come to understand it in the end.他最终会懂得的。 分析句子可知，be reported to do sth “被报道做某事”为固定短语，且在本句中被应用到with的符合结构中。本句中表示“be missing”发生在“report”之前，所以用动词不定式的完成时。故B选项正确。 2．______in painting, John didn’t notice evening approaching. A．To absorb B．To be absorbed
初中英语非谓语动词专题练习 1 A 1. - What about_______a rest? - OK!Let's go for a walk A.tohave B.had C.have D. having 2.My parents enjoy_______for a walk after supper. A.go B.goes C.to go D.going3.Please tell the students_______quiet in class. A.keep B.keeping C.to keep4.Goldilocks decided_______for a walk in the forest. A.go B.to go C.going D.goes5.Lisa is a little poor at Chinese.I think she needs_______it every day. A.prac tise to speak B.to practise speaking C.practise speaking6.Colours can change our moods(情绪)and make us______happy or sad,energetic or sleepy. A feel B.to feel C. felt D.feeling 7.It took me two weeks_______reading the novels written by Guo Jingming. A finish B.to finish C. finishes D.finishing 8. - I've shown you all the interesting and important places of our school. - Thank you for_______so much time. A taking B.spending C. costing D.having 9. - Let me help you carry the box,Granny. - Thank you,Li Lei.It's very nice____ you____me.