Unit 7 Computer Technologies Text one Basic Hardware Structure
1.ingredient成分
2.achieve advances取得进步
3.be familiar with熟悉
4.be referred to as被称为
5.a whole host of一大堆
6.binary system二进制系统
Text Two Compupter Languages and Software operation code操作码
operand 操作数
assembly language汇编语言
be equivalent to。相当于
Text Three Computer Process Interfacing CRT=cathode-ray tube
1.function as …
2.be classified into three categories
be devided into …
be grouped into …
3.stepping motor
4.thermocouple
5.scale … up/down
6.limit switch
1。阴极射线管
2。函数作为…
3。被分为三个类别
被分为…
被分成…
4。步进电机
5。热电偶
6。规模…向上/向下
7。限位开关
Text Four Computer Network Structure
1.topology
2.put out of action
1。拓扑
2。使失去战斗力
Text Five Application of Computer Technique
1.differntial
2.mass-elastic
3.resistor, capacitor, inductor
resistance, capacitance, inductance
1差动
2。质量弹性
3。电阻器、电容器、电感器
电阻,电容,电感
4.spring-mass-damper system
5.automobile suspension
6.linear differntial equation
7.degree of freedom, multidegree of freedon system.
4。弹簧质量阻尼系统
5。汽车悬架
6。线性差方程
7。自由度,multidegree freedon的系统
8.The study of nonlinear problems is far less conveniently
accomplished by utilizing analogous techniques than by employing the analog computer or the digital computer.
非线性问题的研究还远不方便完成利用类似的技术比采用模拟计算机和数字计算机
9.iterative-type procedure
matrix
9。迭代式程序
10。矩阵
10.T he generality of the notation and the systematic solution of
matrix problems lend themselves extremly well to the application of digital computer technique.
的共性符号和系统性的解决矩阵问题借自己极其地好应用数字计算机技术。
Unit 8 Limits and Tolerances
Text one Dimension and Tolerance
New words and phrases
1.other than…除了…
2.assembly drawing, detail drawing装配图,零件图
3.shop men, shop personnel店人,车间人员
4.be conversant with …精通…
5.trigonometric三角
6.unilateral, bilateral单边、双边
7.tolerance zone公差带
https://www.doczj.com/doc/4f13186925.html,rge-volume manufacture大批量生产
9.interchangeability互换性
10.clearance, interference间隙,干扰
11.allowance津贴
Text Two Tolerances, Limits and Fits
New words and phrases
1.enclose … in …附在……
2.bracket支架
3.overall dimension总尺寸
4.allow for …允许…
5.workmanship工艺
6.clearance fit, transition fit, interference fit间隙配合、过渡配合、
过盈配合
Text Three Types of Limits and Fits
New words and phrases
ISO=International Standardization Organization国际标准化组织
1.ANSI=American National Standards Institute ANSI(美国国家标
准协会
2.subtract … from …减去从……
3.absolute amount, absolute value绝对数量,绝对价值
4.deviation偏差
5.shaft-basis system, hole-basis system轴的基础系统,孔的基础系统
6.tolerance grade公差等级
7.with respect to…关于…
8.capital letter, lowercase letter大写字母,小写字母
9.horology钟表学
Unit 9 Coordinate Measuring Machine
Text One Application of CMM
1.contact-sensitive接触敏感
2.shop-floor具有
Most CMM are sold for general shop-floor use, but there is
a smaller market for true high-precision instruments designed
to be used in standards rooms under temperature-controlled conditions.大多数CMM是卖一般的工厂使用,但有一个小市场,真正的高精密仪器设计用于在标准房间温控条件下
3.reverse engineering逆向工程
4.throughput吞吐量
5.quality质量
https://www.doczj.com/doc/4f13186925.html,C machine tool数控机床
Computerized numerical control电脑数值控制
7.be integrated into …被集成到…
8.go gage通过量规
no-go gage闲人免进的计
Text Two CMM Construction
1.cater for迎合
2.motor vehicle机动车
3.worktable工作台
4. a range of 一系列的
5.granite花岗岩
6.quill羽毛
7.gantry type, cantilever type龙门式、悬臂式
8.inertia, acceleration惯性,加速度
9.air bearing空气轴承
10.motor-powered驱动
11.joystick操纵杆
Text Three Touch Trigger Probes
1.taper probe锥形探针
2.stylus笔
3.be in contact with在接触
4.note down记下
5.readout读出
6.passive sensor被动传感器
7.deflect转移
8.ruby红宝石
https://www.doczj.com/doc/4f13186925.html,tching闭锁
Unit 10 Quality Engineering and Inspection
Text One Computer Aided Quality Control New words and phrases
1.bottleneck瓶颈
2.manufacturing schedule制造时间表
3.detract from减损
4.product-liability legal case产品责任法律案件
https://www.doczj.com/doc/4f13186925.html,ernment regulation政府监管
6.on one’s part在某人方面
on the part of someone在某人的一部分
microprocessor微处理器
https://www.doczj.com/doc/4f13186925.html,puter aided quality control.计算机辅助质量控制。
Computer aided testing计算机辅助测试
Computer aided inspection计算机辅助检查
8.on-line在线
9.real-time capability实时能力
10.feedback loop反馈回路
11.schematic drawing示意图
12.straightforward简单
13.lead time铅时间
14.opportunity机会
On-line 100% inspection will introduce opportunities to use the inspection measurements as feedback data to make compensating adjustments in the manufacturing process.
网上100%检验将引入机会使用检验测量作为反馈数据,使补偿调整在生产过程。
Text Two Noncontact Inspection Methods
1.machine vision, scanning laser beam device,
photogrammetry机器视觉、扫描激光设备,摄影测量
2.photosensitive光敏
3.photocell, photodiode, photographic paper光电管、光电二极管、相纸
4.hold the promise of …持有的承诺…
5.microprocessor-based基于微处理器的
6.build into构建成
7.reject拒绝
8.proceed进行
9.focal point of lens sysytem透镜系统的焦点
10.fixture夹具
11.stereoscope立体镜
12.extricate解救
13.We have described only three of the techniques to give an idea of the variety available.我们已经描述了只有三个技术来给一个想法的品种可用。
Text Three Nonoptical Inspection Methods
1.reluctance, capacitance, inductance磁阻、电容、电感
2.ferromagnetic substance铁磁物质
3.be inversely proportional to …是成反比…
4.alternating magnetic field, electromagnetic coil交变磁场,电磁线圈
5.eddy current涡流
Text Four Nondestructive Testing
1.mass production大规模生产
2.measured and interchangeable part测量和可互换的部分
3.It is the function of inspectors to see that the standards
established by the engineering department are maintained during manufacturing.它的作用是检查人员看到建立的标准工程部维护生产过程
4.This number of acceptable defectives is usually taken as
3 out of 1000 parts produced.这个数量的可接受的身心残障者通常是
作为3 1000生产零部件。
5.breakdown击穿
6.expect M of N期望M N
Furthermore, more stringent product quality is usually expected of automatic production.此外,更严格的产品质量通常是预期的自动生产。
7.jet airplane, horsepower喷气式飞机,马力
8.metallurgist冶金家
9.acquaint … with ……了解与
10.By use of nondestructive testing methods and
techniques it has been possible to decrease the factor of ignorance about material without decreasing the factor of safety in the finished product.采用无损检测方法和技术有可能减少因素的无知并没有降低材料安全系数的成品。
11.silversmith银匠
Unit 11 Industrial Robot
Text One Introduction of Robotics
1.Society of Manufacturing Engineers (SME)制造工程师学会(中
小企业)
Robot Institute of America机器人研究所的美国
2.reprogrammable, multifunctional,可程式、多功能,
3.Despite the tremendous capability of currently available
robots, even the most poorly prepared worker is better
equipped than a robot to handle many of the situations
which occur in the work cell.尽管目前机器人的巨大能力,即使最糟糕
的准备职工具备与一个机器人来处理很多情况发生在工作单元。
4.electromechanical 机电
5.science fiction, human-like科幻小说,人性化
6.Reseach to enable robots to “see”,“hear”, “touch”, and
“listen”has been underway for two decades and is
beginning to bear fruit.研究使机器人来“看”、“听”、“碰”、
“听”已经进行了20年,开始结出果实。
7.NC machining center数控加工中心
8.pneumatic气动
9.open-loop, closed-loop开环、闭环
10.evolve from …演变从…
11.be characterized by …特点是…
12.Cartesian coordinate笛卡尔坐标
Text Three Intelligent Robots
1.collide with撞上
2.be far from …远离…
3.texture纹理
4.artificial intelligence人工智能
5.reason原因
6.in the light of …在…的光
In the light of these requirements, an intelligent robot may be described as one that is equipped with various kinds of sensors, possesses sophisticated signal processing capabilities and intelligence for making decisions, in addition to general mobility.针对这些要求,一个智能机器人可以被描述为一个配备了各种各样的传感器,具有复杂的信号处理能力和情报制定决策,除了一般的流动。
7.bestow赐予
8.illumination source, imagery sensor, imagery digitizer照明源、图像传感器、图像数字化仪
9.electro-optical电光
10.sensitivity, light intensity敏感性,光强度
11.pixel像素
12.random access memory随机存取内存
13.Next to vision in importance is tactile sensing or touching .下一个视觉重要性的是触觉。
14.strain gauge应变仪
15.miniature microswitch微型微动开关
16.presence, absence的存在,没有
17.piezoelectric压电
Text four The Overview of Robotics
1.As mechanical supermen, robots may be called upon to do
anything from moving heavy component between workstations on a factory floor to carrying bags of cement.
作为机械超人,机器人可能会被召到做任何移动重型组件在工厂地板之间工作站进行袋水泥。
2.shine at …亮…
3.space projects, nuclear reactor station, underwater
exploration空间项目,核反应堆站,水下勘探
4.vertebrate spine脊椎动物脊柱
5.tax 税收
The challenge of equipping robots with the skills to operate independently, outside of a factory or laboratory, has taxed ingenuity and creativity of academic, military, and industrial scientists for years.的挑战与技能装备机器人独立运作,外面的一个工厂或实验室,征税的智慧与创造力的学术、军事和工业科学家多年来。
Unit 12 mechanical-electrical engineering
Text One Pressure Pumps and Compressors
1.pump, hydraulic pump, valve, inlet valve, outlet valve泵、液压泵、阀、进水阀、出水阀
2.non-pulsating delivery非脉动交付
3.the absence of trapping of fluid during rotation, since the
fluid is for all practical purpose incompressible.没有捕获的流
体在旋转,由于流体是不可压缩的所有实用目的。
4.output输出
5.priming起动
6.be compatible with …适合…
7.Except on low-pressure pumps, two or more stages of compression with as much intercooling between stages as possible. This is desirable, first, to reduce the wastage of work and output due to the gas being compressed adiabatically instead of isothemally, and secondly, to reduce the overall loss of output due to clearance volume.除了在低压泵,
两个或多个阶段的压缩与尽可能多尽可能之间中间冷却阶段。这是可取的,首先,减少浪费的工作和输出由于气体被压缩绝热地而不是isothemally,其次,以减少总体产出的损失由于余隙容积。
8.cylinder, piston, meshing gear, rotating vane气缸、活塞、啮合齿轮,旋转叶片
9.centrifugal pump离心泵
10.turbo-compressor涡轮压缩机
Text Two Variable Speed Hydraulic System
1.at will
2.throttle
3.accumulation system, accumulator
4.press
5.cut out
6.in favour of …
7.viscosity
8.by-pass
9.flow dividing valve
10.jack
在将
节流
储能系统,蓄电池
新闻
切断
赞成…
粘度
旁路
流分流阀
杰克
Text Three Electrohydraulic Servo Systems
1.benefit from
2.electromagnetic actuator
3.armature
4.coil
5.spool
three-way valve
受益
电磁致动器
电枢
线圈
线轴
三通阀
Unit 14 CAD/CAM
Text One The Definition of CAD/CAM
1.This technology is moving in the direction of greater
integration of design and manufacturing, two activities which have traditionally been treated as distinct and separate functions in a production firm.
https://www.doczj.com/doc/4f13186925.html,puter-aided design can be defined as the use of
computer system to assist in creation, modification, analysis, or optimization of a design.
3.graphics display terminal, keyboard, peripheral
equipment
4.production line, manufacturing process
5.The application of computer-aided manufacturing fall
into two broad categories.
6.interface
interface … with …
这个技术是移动的方向更大的整合设计和制造,两个活动,传统上被视为独特的和单独的函数在生产公司。
计算机辅助设计可以被定义为使用计算机系统来协助创建、修改、分析和优化设计。
图形显示终端、键盘、外围设备
生产线,制造过程
计算机辅助制造的应用分为两大类。
接口
接口与……
Text Two The Importance of CAD/CAM
1.CAD/CAM systems can entail a whole new set of
drafting philosophies, all of which enhance productivity.
2.built-in
3.be analogous to …
4.projection
5.each time (when/that) …
6.graphics
7.up-to-date date base
8.viability
9.Business is well advised to keep an open mind toward this
technology and not focus too narrowly on any one aspect of CAD/CAM.
10.streamline
11.lend … to …
12.keep … in mind
CAD / CAM系统可以带来一系列的新起草的哲学,所有这些提高生产力。
内置
是类似于…
投影
每一次(当/)…
图形
最新日期基础
可行性
业务是宜保持一个开放的头脑向这一技术,而不是过于关注任何一个方面的CAD / CAM。
流线
借到……
保持在心里…
Text Three The CAD/CAM Marketplace Today
1.vendor
2.subsidiary company, parent company
3.turnkey system
4.research and development department
https://www.doczj.com/doc/4f13186925.html,puter vision, intergraph, autocontrol
6.innovative
7.excel in/at
8.Service bureaus not only do CAD/CAM-related tasks, but
they can conduct training classes and seminars for companies who may be contemplating the purchase of their own equipment in the future.
9.Doing business with each of these vendor types has both
benefits and drawbacks.
10.bargain with …
11.be flexible to …
12.be susceptible to …
13.state-of-the-art
14.It is up to each user to determine what kind of vendor is
best.
15.fortune 500 companies.
供应商
子公司,母公司
交钥匙系统
研发部门
计算机视觉,鹰图,自动控制
创新
擅长/在
服务部门不仅CAD / cam相关任务,但是他们可以进行培训课程和研讨会,为公司的人可能会考虑购买自己的设备在未来。
通过这些做生意的供应商类型既有优点和缺点。
讨价还价…
是灵活的,…
是容易…
最先进的
这需要每个用户确定什么样的供应商是最好的。
财富500强公司。
Text Four Computer and Design
New words and phrases
1.model
2.The process begins when a designer creates a graphic image
using a special ICG software package.
3.finite-element analysis
4.cross over
5.allow for …
6.stand up to …
7.semiautomatic
8.multisided printed circuit board
9.interference checking
10.zoom
11.kinematic, dynamic
12.simulation
13.five-fold
14.sectional view
模型
这个过程开始于一个设计师创建一个图形图像使用一个特殊的协调小组软件包。
有限元分析
跨越
允许…
站起来…
半自动
面印刷电路板
干涉检查
变焦
运动学、动力学
模拟
五倍
剖视图
Text Five CAD/CAM Product-data Exchange 1.The lessons learned from existing specifications and work
being undertaken in other areas, are recognized, and are applied in the definition of the emerging international
第一章汽车总论 1)Today’s average car contains more than 15,000 separate, individual parts that must work together. These parts can be grouped into four major categories: body, engine, chassis and electrical equipment 。P1 现在的车辆一般都由15000多个分散、独立且相互配合的零部件组成。这些零部件主要分为四类：车身、发动机、底盘和电气设备。 2)The engine acts as the power unit. The internal combustion engine is most common: this obtains its power by burning a liquid fuel inside the engine cylinder. There are two types of engine: gasoline (also called a spark-ignition engine) and diesel (also called a compression-ignition engine). Both engines are called heat engines; the burning fuel generates heat which causes the gas inside the cylinder to increase its pressure and supply power to rotate a shaft connected to the power train. P3 发动机作为动力设备，常见的类型是内燃机，其原理是通过发动机缸内的液体燃料燃烧而产生能量。发动机可分为两类：汽油机（点燃式）和柴油机（压燃式），都属于热力发动机。燃料燃烧产生热量使缸内气压上升，产生的能量驱动轴旋转，并传递给动力传动系。 第二章内燃机 1)Power train system: conveys the drive to the wheels 2)Steering system: controls the direction of movement 3)Suspension system: absorbs the road shocks 4)Braking system: slows down the vehicle P4 传动系把发动机输出的扭矩传递给驱动轮。传动系包括离合器（对应机械变速器）或液力变矩器（对应液力自动变速器）、变速器、驱动轴、主减速器、差速器和驱动桥。 5)Drum brakes have a drum attached to the wheel hub, and braking occurs by means of brake shoes expanding against the inside of the drum. With disc brakes, a disc attached to the wheel hub is clenched between two brake pads. P6 鼓式制动器的制动鼓和轮毂连接，制动蹄张开压紧制动鼓内侧从而产生制动。在盘式制动器上，连着轮毂的制动盘被紧紧夹在两个制动块之间。 1)Linking the piston by a connecting rod to a crankshaft causes the gas to rotate the shaft through half a turn.The power stroke"uses up"the gas,so means must be provided to expel the burnt gas and recharge the cylinder with a fresh petrol-air mixture:this control of gas movement is the duty of the valves;An inlet valve allows the mixture to enter at the right time and an exhaust valve lets out the burnt gas after the gas has done its job . P10 活塞通过连杆和曲轴连接，使得气体带动曲轴旋转半圈。作功冲程耗尽了所有的气体，这样就必须采取相应的措施排出废气并且向气缸内充入新的可燃混合气：气体的运动由气门来控制。进气门使可燃混合气在恰当的时刻进入气缸，排气门使燃烧后的废气排出气缸。 2)The spark-ignition engine is an internal-combustion engine with externally supplied in ignition,which converts the energy cntained in the fuel to kinetic energy.The cycle of operations is spread over four piston strokes. To complete the full cycle it takes two revolutions of the crankshaft. P11 火花点火式发动机是由外部提供点火的内燃机，从而将含在燃料内的能量转化成动能。发动机的一个工作循环分布在活塞的四个行程中，一个完整的工作循环曲轴需要转动两圈。 3)The oil pump in the lubricating system draws oil from the oil pan and sends it to all working parts in the engine. The oil drains off and runs down into the pan. Thus,there is constant circulation of oil between the pan and the working parts of the engine. P15
广告英语翻译常用词汇 产品远销英国、美国、日本、意大利和东南亚，深受消费者欢迎和好评Our products are sold in Britain, America, Japan, Italy and South East Asia and well appreciated by their purchasers. 畅销全球 selling well all over the world 典雅大方 elegant and graceful 定型耐久 durable modeling 方便顾客 making things convenient for customers 方便群众 making things convenient for the people; to suit the peo ple's convenience 方便商品 convenience goods 方便生活 bringing more convenience to the people in their daily life; prov iding amenities for the people; making life easier for the popula tion 各式俱全 wide selection; large assortment
顾客第一 Customers first 顾客是我们的皇帝 We take customers as our Gods. 规格齐全 a complete range of specifications; complete in specific ations 花样繁多 a wide selection of colours and designs 货色齐全 goods of every description are available. 客商第一，信誉第一 clients first, reputation first 款式多样 a great variety of models 款式活泼端庄 vivid and great in style 款式齐全 various styles 款式新颖 attractive designs; fashionable(in) style; novel (in) de sign; up-to-date styling 款式新颖众多 diversified latest designs 美观大方 elegant appearance 美观耐用 attractive and durable 品质优良，疗效显著，誉满全球，欢迎选购 excellent quality, evident effect, good reputation over the world, orders are welcome. 品种多样 numerous in variety 品种繁多 great varieties 品种齐全 complete range of articles; a great variety of goods
大学英语四六级翻译常用词汇汇总1. 中国经济发展 总需求aggregate demand 总供给aggregate supply 企业文化corporate/entrepreneurial culture 企业形象corporate image (Cl); enterprise image 跨国公司cross-national corporation 创业精神enterprising spirit; pioneering spirit 外资企业foreign-funded enterprise 猎头公司head-hunter 假日经济holiday economy 人力资本human capital 航空和航天工业aerospace industry 飞机制造工业aircraft industry 电子工业electronic industry 汽车制造工业car industry 娱乐业entertainment industry 信息产业information industry 知识密集型产业knowledge-intensive industry 国有大中型企业large and medium-sized state-owned enterprises 轻工业light industry 博彩业lottery industry 制造业manufacturing industry 垄断行业monopoly industries 市场多元化market diversification 市场经济market economy 市场监管market supervision 购买力purchasing power 熊市bear market 牛市bull market 城镇化urbanization 房地产real estate 首付down-payment 业主home owner 个人购房贷款individual housing loan 经济全球化economic globalization 经济特区special economic zones (SEZ) 经济增长economic growth 泡沫经济bubble economy 关税tariff 纳税人tax payer 宏观经济macro economy
About car engine Of all automobile components,an automobile engie is the most complicated assembly with dominant effects on the function of an autombile.So, the engine is generally called the"heat"of an automobile. 在汽车的所有部件中，汽车发动机是最复杂的组件，其对整车性能有着决定性的作用。因而发动机往往被称作发动机的“心脏”。 There are actually various types of engines such as electric motors,stream engines,andinternal combustion engines.The internal combustion engines seem to have almost complete dominance of the automotive field.The internal combustion engine,as its name indicates,burns fuel within the cylinders and converts the expanding force of the combustion into rotary force used to propel the vehicle. 事实上，按动力来源分发动机有很多种，如电动机、蒸汽机、外燃机等。然而内燃机似乎在发动机领域有着绝对的统治地位。就像其字面意思一样，内燃机的染料在气缸内燃烧，通过将燃烧产生气体的膨胀力转换成转动力来驱动发动机前进。 Engine is the power source of the automobile.Power is produced by the linear motion of a piston in a cylinder.However,this linear motion must be changed into rotary motion to turn the wheels of cars or trucks.The puston attached to the top of a connecting rod by a pin,called a piston pin or wrist pin.The bottom of the connecting rod is attached to the crankshaft.The connecting rod transmits the up-and-down motion of the piston to the crankshaft,which changes it into rotary motion.The connecting rod is mounted on the crankshaft with large bearings called rod bearing.Similar bearings, called main bearings,are used to mount the crankshaft in the block. 发动机是整部车的动力来源。能量来自于活塞在气缸内的（往复）直线运动。然而这种（往复）直线运动必须要转换成旋转运动才能驱动车轮。活塞与连杆通过一个销来连接，这个销称为活塞销。连杆的下部连接于曲拐。连杆把活塞的上下往复运动传递给曲拐，从而将往复直线运动转变成旋转运动。连杆和曲拐的连接使用大的轴承，称之为连杆轴承，类似的轴承也用于将曲轴连接到机体，称之为主轴承。 They are generally two different types of cooling system:water-cooling system and air-cooling system.Water-cooling system is more common.The cooling medium, or coolant, in them is either water or some low-freezing liquid, called antifreeze.A water-cooling system consists of the engine water jacket, thermostat, water pump, radiator, radiator cap, fan, fan drive belt and neccessary hoses. 主要有两种类型的冷却系统：水冷和风冷。水冷系统更为普遍。系统所用冷却介质或是冷却液常委水或其他低凝固点液体，称为抗凝剂。一个完整的水冷系统包括机体水套，节温器，水泵，散热器，散热器罩，风扇，风扇驱动皮带和必需的水管。 A water-cooling system means that water is used as a cooling agent to circulate through the engine to absorb the heat and carry it to the radiator for disposal.The ebgine is cooled mainly through heat transfer and heat dissipation.The heat generated by the mixture burned in the engine must be transferred from the iron or aluminum cylinder to the waterin the water jacket.The outside of the water jacket dissipates some of the heat to the air surrounding it, but most of the heat is carried by the cooling water to the radiator for dissipation.When the coolant temperature in the system reaches 90°,the termostat valve open fully, its slanted edge shutting off
1.素质教育：Quality Education 2. EQ：分两种，一种为教育商数Educational quotient，另一种情感商数Emotional quotient 3. 保险业：the insurance industry 4. 保证重点指出：ensure funding for priority areas 5. 补发拖欠的养老金：clear up pension payments in arrears 6. 不良贷款：non-performing loan 7. 层层转包和违法分包：mutlti-level contracting and illegal subcontracting 8. 城乡信用社：credit cooperative in both urban and rural areas 9. 城镇居民最低生活保障：a minimum standard of living for city residents 10. 城镇职工医疗保障制度：the system of medical insurance for urban workers 11. 出口信贷：export credit 12. 贷款质量：loan quality 13. 贷款质量五级分类办法：the five-category assets classification for bank loans 14. 防范和化解金融风险：take precautions against and reduce financial risks 15. 防洪工程：flood-prevention project 16. 非法外汇交易：illegal foreign exchange transaction 17. 非贸易收汇：foreign exchange earnings through nontrade channels 18. 非银行金融机构：non-bank financial institutions 19. 费改税：transform administrative fees into taxes 20. 跟踪审计：foolow-up auditing 21. 工程监理制度：the monitoring system for projects 22. 国有资产安全：the safety of state-owned assets 23. 过度开垦：excess reclamation 24. 合同管理制度：the contract system for governing projects 25. 积极的财政政策：pro-active fiscal policy 26. 基本生活费：basic allowance 27. 解除劳动关系：sever labor relation 28. 金融监管责任制：the responsibility system for financial supervision 29. 经济安全：economic security 30. 靠扩大财政赤字搞建设：to increase the deficit to spend more on development 31. 扩大国内需求：the expansion of domestic demand 32. 拉动经济增长：fuel economic growth 33. 粮食仓库：grain depot 34. 粮食收购企业：grain collection and storage enterprise 35. 粮食收购资金实行封闭运行：closed operation of grain purchase funds 36. 粮食销售市场：grain sales market 37. 劣质工程：shoddy engineering
翻译词汇分类 名胜古迹： 长城the Great Wall of China 烽火台beacon tower 秦士台皇陵the Mausoleum of Emperor Qinshihuang 兵马俑Terracotta Warriors and Horses 大雁塔Big Wild Goose Pagoda 丝绸之路the Silk Road 敦煌莫高窟Mogao Grottoes 华清池Huaqing Hot Springs 五台山"Wutai Mountain 九华山Jiuhua Mountain 蛾眉山Mount Emei 泰山Mount Tai 黄山Mount Huangshan; the Yellow Mountain 故宫the Imperial Palace 天坛the Temple of Heaven 午门Meridian Gate 大运河Grand Canal 护城河the Moat 回音壁Echo Wall 居庸关Juyongguan Pass 九龙壁the Nine Dragon Wall 黄帝陵the Mausoleum of Emperor Huangdi 十三陵the Ming Tombs 苏州园林Suzhou gardens 西湖West Lake 九寨沟Jiuzhaigou Valley 日月潭Sun Moon Lake 布达拉宫Potala Palace 鼓楼drum tower 四合院quadrangle; courtyard complex 孔庙Confucius Temple 乐山大佛Leshan Giant Buddha 十八罗汉the Eighteen Disciples of the Buddha 喇嘛Lama 食品菜系 山东菜Shandong cuisine 川菜Sichuan cuisine 粤菜Canton cuisine 扬州菜Yangzhou cuisine 月饼moon cake 年糕rice cake 油条deep-fried dough sticks
unit1 body 车身chassis 底盘enclosure外壳、套hood车棚、车顶sway 摇摆frame车架steering转向、操作brake 制动weld焊接rivet铆钉bolt螺钉washer垫圈vibration 振动stabilizer稳定器ride乘坐舒适性handling操作稳定性linkages转向传动机构plier钳子distributor分电器alternator交流发电机regulator调节器carburetor化油器radiator散热器、水箱defroster除冰装置sludge金属碎屑transmission变速器differential 差速器power train 传动系unitized body 承载式车身suspension system 悬架系统steering system 转向系braking system 制动系shock absorbers减震器control arms控制臂steering wheel 转向盘steering column转向管柱steering gears 转向器tie rod 横拉杆idler arm随动臂brake shoe制动蹄disc brake 盘式制动器drum brakes 鼓式制动器ignition system 点火系统exhaust system 排气系统lubrication system 润滑系oil filters 机油滤清器drive（or propeller）shaft传动轴universal joints 万向节dynamo发电机horn喇叭swived 旋转steering box转向器timing gear 正时齿轮bevel gear 锥齿轮mesh with与啮合leaf spring 钢板弹簧stub axle 转向节 unit2 longitudinal纵向的transverse横向的reciprocate往复spin旋转piston活塞ignite点火rub摩擦quart夸脱reservoir油箱mechanical机械的enclosed被附上的gallon加仑stroke冲程camshaft凸轮轴combustion燃烧disengaged脱离啮合的flywheel飞轮internal-combustion engine内燃机diesel-fuel柴油LPG=Liquefied Petroleum Gas液化石油气体CNG=Compressed natural gas压缩天然气spark ignition火花点火compression ignition压缩点火spark plug火花塞gas-turbine engine蒸汽机Stirling engine斯特灵发动机lubricating system润滑系统oil pan油底壳oil pump机油泵exhaust system排气系统emission-control system排放控制系统energy conversion能量转换air/fuel ratio空燃比connecting rod连杆TDC=Top Dead Center上止点BDC=Bottom Dead Center 下止点intake stroke进气冲程compression stroke压缩冲程power stroke作功冲程exhaust stroke排气冲程compression ratio压缩比lifter挺柱rocker摇臂retainer弹簧座seal密封件tappet 推杆lobe凸起gasket垫圈valve train配气机构cam follower气门挺柱rocker arm摇臂combustion chamber燃烧室intake valve进气阀exhaust valve排气阀valve stem气门杆valve cover气门室盖valve port阀口valve guide气门导管 unit3
翻译常用词汇 高枕无忧resting without worries 史无前例unprecedented in the history 不可一世a conquering hero 毫不示弱equally firmly 量体裁衣to act according to actual circumstances 一刀两断to cut it clean 与虎谋皮to ask a tiger for its skin 六亲不认to disown all one’s relatives and fri ends 英雄本色the true quality of a hero 英雄所见略同Great minds think alike. 每逢佳节倍思亲On festive occasions more than ever we think of our dear ones faraway. 上有好，下必有其焉。What the superior loves, his inferiors will be found to love exceedingly.大江东去，浪淘尽，千古风流人物。The Great River flows to the east: Its waves have washed away all the men of untrammeled spirit of a thousand ages. 上兵伐谋，其次伐交。What is supremely important in war is to attack the enemy’s strategy. Next best is to disrupt his alliances. 问君能有几多愁，恰似一江春水向东流。I wonder how many sorrows you have. They are exactly like the Yangtze River unceasingly flowing eastward in spring. 千呼万唤始出来，犹抱琵琶半遮面。Only after a thousand entreaties does she appear. Her face half hidden behind the guitar (pipa) in her arms. 吃得苦中苦，方为人上人。Only if you can stand the hardest of hardships can you hope to rise in society. 是非经过不知难You never know how hard a task is almost until you have done it yourself. 满招损Pride goes before a fall. / Pride spells failure. 适可而止Bind the sack before it be full. 好汉做事好汉当A true man has the courage to accept the consequences of his own actions.知己知彼，百战不殆。To know one’s and the enemy’s situation ensures victory. 牵扯之覆，后车之鉴。The overturned car ahead is a warning to the ones behind. 山雨欲来风满楼The wind sweeping through the tower heralds a rising storm in the mountains. 是故学然后知不足，教然后之困。Therefore, to learn makes us realize our deficiency, and to teach makes us know the difficulties. 人尽其才、地尽其利、物尽其利、货畅其流。Our human, land and material resources should be used to the best advantage, and our goods should be in good circulation. 父母有抚养教育未成年子女的义务，成年子女有赡养扶助父母的义务。Parents have the duty to rear and education their children who are minors, and children who have come of age have the duty to support and assist their parents. 中华人民共和国公民有劳动的权利和义务。Citizens of the P eople’s Republic of China have the right as well as the duty of work. 各民族公民都有用本民族语言文字进行诉讼的权利。Citizens of all nationalities have the right to use the spoken and written languages of their own nationalities in court proceedings.
英语四级翻译常用词汇：123个中文高频成语翻译 Automation 1502 YuDeyu 一、复习建议： 1. 加强历史、文化、经济以及社会发展相关热词的积累 2. 广撒网，学习、揣摩这些话题相关的难点单句训练 做这些单句训练时，先阅读1遍整个段落，专门挑出自己觉得比较难翻的句子，然后重点练习这一句的翻译。难句会了，简单句自然不在话下。 在做单句翻译时，先尝试自己翻，翻完以后，对照答案，看解析，总结和揣摩其中好的 词汇和表达。下面请大家跟着教研君给出的常考单句示例，具体学习吧~ 1. 对于大多数年轻人来说，结婚意味着独立组建家庭，然而物价的不断上涨使这一切 变得越来越困难。 参考译文：For most young people, marriage means s etting up a family independently, which has become increasingly difficult because of the constantly rising prices. 词汇点评： 组建家庭：set up a family。有同学容易使用start a family。start a family表示begin to have children“开始生儿育女”。 越来越：一般看到“越来越”大家习惯译为more and more，比如“越来越多的人”more and more people，但译为 a growing number of people可令人眼前为之一亮；而表达“变 得越来越”的含义时，使用become increasingly的译法更好。 物价的不断上涨：constantly rising prices，而不是price rising。 表达点评： 本句是一个表转折关系的并列句，后半句中的“物价的不断上涨使这一切……”中的“这一切”指代前半句中提到的“结婚意味着独立组建家庭”，因此，用which引导的非限制性定语从句，让整个句子简洁明了。 使字句的翻译：“物价的不断上涨”是“这一切变得困难”的原因，因此处理为原因状 语，用because of…来带出原因。 2. 过去十年中国房地产（real estate）行业高速发展。 参考译文：The past decade has witnessed a high-speed development in China's real estate. 词汇点评： 十年：decade 高速发展：develop rapidly; high-speed development 表达点评：
INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE 引擎燃烧室 1. principle of operation 原理 Engine and power : Engine is used to produce power. The chemical energy in fuel is converted to heat by the burning of the fuel at a controlled rate. This process is called combustion. If engine combustion occurs with the power chamber. ,the engine is called internal combustion engine. If combustion takes place outside the cylinder, the engine is called an external combustion engine. Engine used in automobiles are internal combustion heat engines. Heat energy released in the combustion chamber raises the temperature of the combustion gases with the chamber. The increase in gas temperature causes the pressure of the gases to increase. The pressure developed within the combustion chamber is applied to the head of a piston to produce a usable mechanical force, which is then converted into useful mechanical power. 译: 引擎和能量: 引擎为汽车提供能量，燃料的化学能通过燃烧，转化为热能，这个过程叫燃烧。假如燃烧在燃烧室，这样的发动机叫内燃机。假如燃烧在气缸外，这样的发动机叫外燃机。 用在汽车上的一般是内燃机，热能在燃烧室释放，燃烧室气体温度升高。气体温度的升高使气体的压力曾加，燃烧室内的高压气体作用在活塞头部产生可以利用的化学能，化学能转化为机械能。 Engine T erms : Linking the piston by a connecting rod to a crankshaft causes the gas to rotate the shaft through half a turn. The power stroke “uses up” the gas , so means must be provided to expel the burnt gas and recharge the cylinder with a fresh petrol-air mixture :this control of gas movement is the duty of the valves ;an inlet valve allows the new mixture to enter at the right time and an exhaust valve lets out the burnt gas after the gas has done its job. Engine terms are : TDC(Top Dead Center):the position of the crank and piston when the piston is farther away from the crankshaft. BDC(Bottom Dead Center):the position of the crank and piston when the piston is nearest to the crankshaft. Stroke : the distance between BDC and TDC; stroke is controlled by the crankshaft. Bore : the internal diameter of the cylinder. Swept volume : the volume between TDC and BDC Engine capacity : this is the swept volume of all the cylinder e.g. a four-stroke having a capacity of two liters(2000cm) has a cylinder swept volume of 50cm. Clearance volume: the volume of the space above the piston when it is at TDC. Compression ratio = (swept vol + clearance vol)\(clearance vol) Two-stroke : a power stroke every revolution of the crank.
2019英语四级翻译常用词汇：教育词汇 成人夜校 night school for adults 在职进修班 on-job training courses 政治思想教育 political and ideological education 毕业生分酉己 graduate placement; assignment of graduate 充电update one’s knowledge 初等教育 elementary education 大学城 college town 大学社区 college community 高等教育 higher education 高等教育“211 工程” the “211 Project” for higher education 高等学府 institution of higher education 综合性大学 comprehensive university 文科院校 colleges of (liberal) arts 理工科大学 college / university of science and engineering 师范学院teachers’ college; normal college 高分低能 high scores and low abilities 高考(university/college) entrance examination 高校扩招 the college expansion plan
教育界 education circle 教育投入 input in education 九年义务教育 nine-year compulsory education 考研 take the entrance exams for postgraduate schools 课外活动 extracurricular activities 必修课 required/compulsory course 选修课 elective/optional course 基础课 basic courses 专业课 specialized courses 课程表 school schedule 教学大纲 teaching program; syllabus 学习年限 period of schooling 学历 record of formal schooling 学分 credit 启发式教学 heuristic teaching 人才交流 talent exchange 人才战 competition for talented people 商务英语证书 Business English Certificate (BEC) 适龄儿重入学率 enrollment rate for children of school age 升学率 proportion of students entering schools of a higher grade; enrollment rate