M8U2 Reading
Turandot in Beijing
Last night, I witnessed the first of only eight performances of Giacomo Puccini，s world-famous opera, Turandot, being performed in the Forbidden City in Beijing, China. The performance was splendid. Some of the world，s greatest opera singers were cast vt/vi.选派角色；投射（光，影）；向…投以(视线，笑容）in this production, and many great Chinese musicians also participated. Puccini, an Italian, wrote Turandot towards the end of this life, between 1920 and 1924. He liked East Asia very much and also wrote Madam Butterfly n.蝴蝶, which is set in(以…为背景) Japan.
Just imagine performing such an opera in the Forbidden City——there could not be a more awesome adj.极好的；令人惊叹的，令人敬畏的setting(没有比这个更好的背景了)! You could almost feel the history. The weather was also perfect for(绝配的，十分适合的)a performance outdoors. Instead of a stage curtain, there were decorated screens covered with red and gold, and traditional Chinese drums were used to announce the start of the opera.
Turandot is the story of a stubborn adj. 固执的，顽固的and cruel Chinese princess n. 公主, named Turandot,who lives in the Forbidden City in Beijing. In the story, the emperor of China, Turandot，s father, has promised to allow her to choose her own husband. In order to avoid marriage, she says that any potential husband must solve three riddles(猜谜) if he wants to marry her. Those who cannot answer all three riddles, however, will be condemned vt. 判刑，宣判；指责，谴责. to death (被处以死刑). This means that few men would dare vt/vi. 敢于，胆敢to ask for her hand in marriage（向女方求婚）. The story begins when a prince n. 王子is killed for failing to(未能做某事) solve her riddles. The emperor finds the death disturbing adj.令人不安的；引起恐慌的. However, although he would like to, he cannot break his promise(食言) and must allow Turandot to do as she wishes.
Shortly afterwards(不久以后), another prince, Calaf, falls in love (相爱，坠入爱河) with Turandot at first sight (初次见面；乍一看) and decides to solve the riddles so that he can marry her. Meanwhile, Liu, a young salve of Calaf，s father, expresses her love for Calaf. The story then takes on a classic love triangle(呈现出经典的三角恋) between Calaf, Turandot and Liu.
Calaf goes to Turandot and——without introducing himself or telling her his name——answers the three questions.
Turandot becomes very angry at this turn of events, as she is unwilling adj. 不情愿，不愿意；勉强的，无奈的to get married. Seeing this, Calaf says that if she can guess his name by sunrise, she will not have to marry him, but can have him killed. Calaf，s father and Liu have been seen accompanying
Calaf(陪伴), so Turandot seizes vt.逮捕，捉拿，抓住，捉住；夺取，攻占Calaf，s father and Liu, and demands vt/n.强烈要求；需要/要求；需求that they tell her Calaf，s name or they will be beaten. Wanting to protect the father,Liu claims that she alone knows the name, but resists telling(抵制做某事) Turandot. Then Liu grabs vt. （突然或用力）抓住，夺取，攫取 a sword from a guard and kills herself.
When it becomes evident adj. 清楚的，显然的what happened,(真相大白以后) Calaf scolds vt. 训斥，责骂Turandot for not being more merciful adj. 仁慈的，慈悲的，宽大为怀的. However, though he is angry一, he still loves her. Calaf kisses Turandot. Turandot，s heart grows softer, but is still quite hard. She demands that he leave. Instead, he tells her his name——just before the dawn n.黎明，拂晓；开端，萌芽deadline n. 最后期限，截止日期——and says that she can kill him if she wishes. At the end of the story, the prince and princess unite vi/vt.联合，团结；统一in marriage(结为夫妇), and the whole city celebrates their happiness.
Unfortunately, Puccini died of a heart attack before he completed this final scene, and it had to be completed by one of his former students, Franco Alfano. An opera company staged the opera(把歌剧搬上舞台) in Beijing in the 1990s, but the performance I saw was the first time Turandot was staged inside the Forbidden City. The production combined the very best of Western and Chinese talents. The music was conducted by Zubin Mehta, a superb conductor, who was born in India, The opera was directed by Zhang Yimou, a well—known Chinese director. In the Beijing performance I saw, Turandot was played by Sharon Sweet from the USA, Liu was played by another opera singer from USA, Barbara Hendricks, and Calaf was sung by Kristjan Johannsson from Iceland. They were all excellent.
The Forbidden City was once only accessible to(某人获得某物) the emperor, his family and senior officials. However, in this wonderful production, it has been transformed into the spot for a beautiful and sad love story. The bringing together of this group of people from many countries, the music, and the grand adj. 宏大的，壮丽的，堂皇的，隆重的setting are clearly the key components of this amazing production.
M8U2 Project
From the blues to pop
Early jazz
Today I will take a brief look at 简单回顾/看一眼how Western music progressed from the blues to pop. Modern pop music has its roots n.起源，起因；根，根茎in 起源于the folk songs of black Americans held(被控制) in slavery n. 奴隶身份；奴隶制. During the early part of the 19th century, black musicians used these folk songs to create a king of music called the blues, because it had a tendency n. 倾向，偏好；趋势，趋向to 有做…趋势be very sad. While the blues was popular, as a musical format n. 形式；格式；版式it lacked variety and was too sad and slow to dance to随着节奏跳舞. Thus, from the blues, there sprung up 突然兴起，迅速出现 a faster, livelier kind of music called jazz.
Louis Armstrong, a black trumpet n. 小号；喇叭player and singer, was one of the fathers of jazz. Unlike most musicians (who played the music as it was written), he would change the music as he was playing it to reflect his feelings at the time. Other musicians began to copy his style and the liberty n. 自由(he brought to his music). The ability to adapt(改编）the music while it is being played is one of the major characteristics of jazz.
From R ﹠B to rock and roll 摇滚乐
From the early 1930s to the early 1950s, traditional jazz went into a gradual adj. 逐渐的，逐步的；平缓的，不陡的decline n/vt/vi. 衰落，衰败；减少；下降/衰落；下降；婉言谢绝, and was replaced by a new musical trend n. 趋势，动向known as rhythm n. 节奏，韵律；节律，有规则的变化and blues, or R ﹠B, R ﹠B was then—and now—often thought of as认为…是a form of African —American music. It combined the fast pace of many kinds of jazz with the older blues sound. During the early 1950s, one particular style of R ﹠B became popular—rock and roll. One of the first rock and roll musicians was Big Joe Turner. He was a black American singer (who had started out performing jazz in the 1920s), and then turned to 转向，求助R ﹠B in the 1940s. In 1954, he recorded one of the very first rock and roll songs, ˋShake, Rattle vi/vt..（使）发出咔哒咔哒的声音；使紧张或恐惧and Rollˊ.
This became a hit通常指成功而风行一时的事物(如电影，音乐，图书等），或走红的人（如演员，歌手，作家等）on the R ﹠ B charts, and then was recorded by Bill Haley and the Comets n. 彗星, a while band n.乐队；一伙人；带子；条纹, and became a hit on the pop charts. Bill Haley and the Comets then recorded ˋRock Around the Clockˊ,(which became the number one hit of 1955). ˋRock Around the Clockˊcaused rock music to be recognized as认为..是its own, separate style, and made it popular around the world.
In the early 1950s, a record company owner from Memphis, Tennessee, Sam Philips, sought vt/vi. 试图，设法；寻找，寻求to bring rock music to while audiences. Because of the prejudice n/vt.偏见，成见/使怀有（或形成）偏见and racial discrimination n.歧视，区别对待；辨别力，鉴赏力of the time, he knew that he had to use white singers or the records might not get played被播放on the radio. In 1954, Elvis Presley made his first record for Philips. Within two years, Presley become the most popular music star in the world, and even today he is known asˋthe King of Rock and Rollˊ. He had seventeen number one songs and ten number one albums. Only one musical act has sold more records.
1960s pop music
With sales of more than 1 billion records, the British pop group known as the Beatles was the supreme rock and roll band of the 1960s. The Beatles brought Western pop music to audiences around the world. Wherever the Beatles went, there was a phenomenon called ˋBeatlemaniaˊ—thousands of fans would surround them,screaming vi/n. 尖叫，高喊声；呼啸/尖叫，尖锐刺耳的声音and going crazy trying to see them. In 1965, the Beatles held a concert at Shea Stadium in New York that was attended by approximately 55,000 people. It was one of the first concerts held in a sports stadium and perhaps the largest concert held up to that time. In many, many ways, the Beatles were pioneers for what was to come引导未来潮流的先锋: Nowadays, concerts held in sports stadiums are common, and it seems that every few years there is a new boy band trying to bring back the magic of the Beatles. However, even though the Beatles broke up 破裂，解散；破碎in 1970, no group since has ever come close to接近being as popular or selling as many records.
M8U2 重点单词和词汇
一．词性转换
1.universal adj. universe n.宇宙，万有，天地万物，森罗万象，全世界
2.disturbing adj. disturbed adj. 不安的；恐慌的disturb v.打扰，妨碍
3.demand v.&n. demanding adj. 要求高的
4.evident adj. evidently adv. 明显地evidence n.证据，根据；迹象，痕迹
5.merciful adj. mercy n.仁慈，怜悯，宽大
6.slavery n. Slave n.奴隶
7.tendency n. tend v. 倾向（于），趋向（于）
二．重点词汇
1 the universe n. 宇宙，全人类
2 cast a shadow on the wall 把影子投射到墙上
3 cast sb down 使沮丧
4 cast sb. as sb 选派某人演---角色
5 imagine doing sth 想象做某事
6 be perfect for sth 绝配的，非常适合的
7 condemn sb to death 判处某人死刑
8 be condemned/sentenced to death 被判处死刑
9 dare do sth 情态动词“敢做某事”
10 dare not (to) do 情态动词“不敢做某事”
11 dare to do sth 实义动词“敢做某事”
12 don't/doesn't/didn't dare to do 实义动词“不敢做某事”
13 ask for sb hand in marriage 向…求婚
14 fail to do sth 未能做某事
15 break/keep one's promise 食言/遵守诺言
16 disturbing adj. disturbed adj. 令人不安的；引起恐慌的/不安的；恐慌的
17 at first sight 乍一看，第一眼；一见就
18 catch sight of 突然看见
19 lose sight of 看不见
20 come into sight 进入视线/野
21 in/within sight 在视线内；看的见
22 out of sight 在视线外；看不见
23 love triangle 三角恋
24 take on 承担;呈现;雇佣;接受
25 take action 采取行动
26 take back 收回
27 take one’s time 慢慢来，别着急
28 take sth into account/consideration 考虑
29 take the place of =take one’s place 接替，代替
30 take off 起飞，脱下，迅速流行
31 take up 占据（时间，空间），开始从事，接受
32 take over 接管，占领
33 take in 吸收，欺骗
34 be willing/unwilling to do 愿意/不愿意做
35 shortly afterwards 不久以后
36 fall in love with sb 相爱，坠入爱河
37 at the turn of sth 在…的转折点
38 can't resist doing 忍不住做某事，禁不住做某事
39 scold sb for sth 因某事责备某人
40 unite in marriage 结婚
41 marry sb 嫁给某人；娶某人
42 marry sb to sb 把某人嫁给某人
43 get married (to sb) (与…)结婚(动作)
44 be married (to sb) (与…)结婚(状态)
45 the dawn deadline 天亮之前
46 at dawn 在黎明之时
47 stage the opera把歌剧搬上舞台
48 sth/be accessible/available to sb 某人可获得某物
49 sb have access to sth
50 be transformed into sth 被改变成什么
51 be angry at sb 对某人生气，发火
52 accompany sb/keep sb company 陪伴某人
53 keep company with sb
54 solve the riddles 猜谜
55 start out 出发，启程，动身/ 开始做某事(+on sth/to do sth)
56 seize sb by the arm 抓住某人的胳膊
57 seize a chance 抓住机遇
58 seize/occupy the city 夺取/攻占城市
59 demand to do sth 要求做
60 demand that sb/sth (should) do sth 要求某人做某事
61 a demand for higher wages 涨工资的要求
62 meet/satisfy one's demands/needs 满足某人的要求
63 supply and demand 供求
64 demanding 要求高的
65 evident adj. evidently adv. 显然的，清楚的/明显地
66 evidence n. 证据，根据；迹象，痕迹
67 It is evident that 很明显
68 merciful adj. mercy n. 仁慈，怜悯，宽大
69 show mercy to sb 同情某人
70 have mercy on sb
71 at the mercy of …完全受…支配；任凭…摆布
72 unemployment benefits 失业救济，失业津贴
73 employ v. employment n. 雇佣，使用,利用
74 the personnel department 人事部门
75 composer n. // compose vt. 作曲家//组成；构成；创作(文学、音乐作品)
76 composition n. 组成，作品
77 slavery n//slave n. 奴隶制，奴隶身份//奴隶
78 take a brief look at sth 简单回顾，简单看一眼
79 have one's root in sth 起源于
80 in slavery 在奴隶制时期
81 have a tendency to do sth/tend to do 易于…，往往做…，有做…的趋势
82 tend (to) the sick 护理病人
83 tend to sth 处理某件事情
84 spring (sprang/sprung, sprung) up 突然兴起；迅速涌现
85 liberty n./liberation n. 自由//解放
86 dance to music随着音乐跳舞
87 the ability to do 有能力做某事
88 the major characteristics 最主要的特征
89 the economic decline 经济衰退
90 on the decline 在没落中，在衰退中
91 decline an invitation 婉言谢绝邀请
92 go into a gradual decline 逐渐衰落
93 think of/consider/regard sth as sth 认为…是…
94 combine A with B 把…结合…
95 on the pop charts 在流行音乐榜上
96 cause sb/sth to do sth 促使/导致某人/某物做某事
97 prejudice and racial discrimination 偏见和种族歧视
98 get played 被播放
99 seek fame/wealth 追求名声，财富
100 seek advice from sb 向某人请教
101 seek one's fortune 碰运气，寻求出路
102 seek to do sth 设法/试图做…
103 go crazy 发疯
104 pioneers for what was to come 引导未来潮流的先锋
105 every few years 每隔几年
106 every two years//every other/second year 每隔两年
107 come close to sth 接近
108 the key components of 关键要素
109 be conducted/directed by 由…指导/导演
110 break up 破碎；(关系等)破裂，分手；驱散
111 break away from 脱离；打破(陈套等)
112 break down(机器等)出故障；(车辆)抛锚；(计划，谈判等)失败；(身体等)垮掉113 break in 打断（说话），插嘴；闯入
114 break into 破门而入；突然…起来
115 break off 中断，打断；折断，断绝
116 break out (战争、火灾、疾病等)突然爆发
117 break through 突破，冲破
118 part from 与…分别
119 put up 建造，张贴，举起，公布，提供食宿
120 apply for 申请
121 apply A to B 把A应用B
122 try out for sth 试用，试验;参加选拔
123 have a sore throat 喉咙痛
124 deserve one's status 某人应该得到这个地位
125 serve as 充当，担任
126 develop one's interest in sth 培养某方面的兴趣
127 hit n. 通常指成功而风行一时的事/人
128 earn sb sth 为某人赢得某物
129 split up 分裂，分离，分道扬镳
M8U2 Reading
【学习目标】 1.Check and enhance students’reading abilities.
2.Know what is a review.
【学习重点】How to make the students fully understand the text.
【学习难点】How to make the students fully understand the text
Step 1 Lead-in
1.Have you ever seen any of Zhang Yimou?s films?
2.Besides films, what else has Zhang Yimou directed?
3.Have you ever seen or have you heard of the opera Turandot?
4.If you have seen or heard of it, can you tell us what it is about?
Step 2 Reading strategy: Reading a review
1. How is a review of an opera usually organized?
_________________________________________________________________________________ 2. What a review may include?
__________________________________________________________________________________ Step 3 Fast reading:
1.What is Turandot?
__________________________________________________________________________________ 2.Who wrote Turandot?
____________________________________________________________
3.Was the performance indoors or outdoors?
_____________________________________________________________
Step 4 Detailed-reading
1. Why does the writer think that the Forbidden City is a good setting for Turandot?
_____________________________________________________________
2. What kind of person is Turandot?
___________________________________________________________
3. What happened to the prince who could not answer the princess?s riddles?
_____________________________________________________________
4. What does Calaf say will happen if Turandot can guess his name by sunset?
_____________________________________________________________
5. What has Turandot?s father promised her?
_____________________________________________________________
6. How many times will Turandot be staged in the Fobidden City?
____________________________________________________________
7. Who took part in this performance of Turandot?
_____________________________________________________________
8. What were the key ingredients for the production of this opera?
____________________________________________________________
Step 5 True or false:
1.Turandot and Madam Butterfly written by Giacomo Puccini are set in China.
2.Turandot says that any potential husband must answer three riddles or die in order to choose her
own husband.
3.Many men are killed for not being able to answer Turandot?s three riddles.
4.Turandot is married to Calaf only because Calaf solve her riddles correctly.
5.Thanks to the music and the setting, the opera is a great success.
Step 6 Choice:
⑴Who is the conductor of the opera “Turando”?
A.Zhang Yimou
B.Giacomo Puccini
C.Zubin, Metha
D.Kristjan Johannsson
⑵Who wrote Turandot and when was it written?
A. Giacomo Puccini, in 1924
B. Giacomo Puccini?s former student, in
1924
C. Zubin Mehta, in the 1990s
D. Sharon Sweet, in the 1990s
⑶When was Turandot staged in Beijing?
A. in 1924
B. in the twenty first century
C. in the 1990s
D. in 1998
⑷How does the writer think of the opera?
A. terrible
B. moving
C. boring
D. amazing
Step 7 Read for the information about the performance.
Main characters of the story: 1.Turandot--- ____________
2. ______________ --- a prince
3. _______ --- _____
Actors and actresses: 1. ___________ ---- Turandot
2._________________----_______________
3. _______________________---- Liu
Setting: _____________________________________
Director:_________________________________________
Conductor:____________________________________
Plot:______________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________
Step 8任务型阅读(根据reading部分)
Turandot is a world-famous opera (1) ________ by Puccini, an Italian.
It tells the story of a cold-hearted Chinese princess, named Turandot, (2) _______ in Beijing?s Forbidden City. In order not to (3) _______ any man, she says that any potential husband must answer three riddles correctly or die.
The (4) _______ of the story At first, a prince is killed for being unable to answer Turandot?s Riddles. Shortly afterwards, another prince, Calaf. sees Turandot for the first time and falls in love. The handsome prince will (5) ________ (6) _______ the riddles and marry her. Then, a young slave of Calaf?s father Liu, expresses her love for Calaf. The story shows a classic love triangle featuring Calaf.
The (7) ______ and (8) _______ of the story Turandot, drunk with power, even dares to try and exercise control over her father, the emperor of China. Calaf says that if she can guess his name (9) ________ dawn, she does not have to marry him. Turandot (10) ________ to learn his name and threatens and terrifies Liu, who knows his name. While being tortured, Liu grabs a sword from a guard and kills herself, which makes everyone shocked by this. After Liu kills herself, Calaf kisses Turandot and finally wins her affection.
M8U2 Reading Language points
Teaching Objectives:
1. To learn some new words, phrases and sentence patterns
2. To learn how to use the new words, phrases and sentence patterns correctly
Teaching Procedures:
重点单词：
1. This means that few men would dare to ask for her hand in marriage.
这意味着几乎没人胆敢向她求婚。
分析:
1)dare用作实意动词，后接动词不定式to do sth, 否定形式为didn?t/don?t/doesn?t dare to do sth.
Eg: Nobody dared to challenge his authority.没人敢挑战他的权威。
2)dare也常用作情态动词主要用于疑问句，否定句或条件句中，在使用时没有人称和数的变化，
但有时态的变化，过去式为dared。后接不带to的动词不定式。否定形式直接在后面加not 或缩写为daren?t
Eg: He daren?t tell his father the bad news.
练习：选择题
1). I ________ ask him, because I think I ______ be wrong.
A. daren?t; must
B. dare; must
C. dare; mustn?t
D. daren?t; mustn?t
2). Little Mary entered the room nervously, ______ to lift her head.
A. daring not
B. daren?t
C. didn?t dare
D. not daring
3). Last year few journalists _______ the conflicts in that country due to constant bloody conflicts and terror attacks there. A. dare to cover B. dared cover C. dare cover D. dared to covering
2. Calaf?s father and Liu have been seen accompanying Calaf, so Turandot seizes Calaf?s
father and Liu, and demands that they tell her Calaf?s name or they will be beaten.
demand vt. 强烈的要求；需要n. 要求；需求
分析：
动词demand后接从句时，从句的谓语动词常用“should+动词原形”，should 可以省略。
Eg: They demanded that their needs (should) be satisfied.他们要求满足他们的需要。
归纳总结：
It is demanded that all the students (should ) arrive at school before 7 o?clock.
What is demanded is that all the students (should ) arrive at school before 7 o?clock.
The demand that all the students (should ) arrive at school before 7 o?clock is being announced now.
拓展：
demand sth. from/of sb. 要求得到某人的---
demand to do sth 要求做某事
in (great) demand (迫切)需要
satisfy/meet one?s demands 满足某人需要
Eg: I demand to see the manager. 我坚决要求见经理。
Firms attempt to satisfy/meet their customers? demands. 公司努力满足顾客的要求。
练习：翻译
The customer_____________________ the shop owner. 顾客要求店主作出解释。
She _______________(要求见) the headmaster.
These products ________________(很畅销) on the market.
选择题：
The policeman demands that he ________ everything so that he can find the truth soon.
A. tell
B. is told
C. will be told
D. be told
3…Traditional jazz went into a gradual decline.
decline
vi. 衰落；衰败；减少；下降；vt. 婉言拒绝
Eg:As one grows older, one?s memory declines. 随着一个人年龄的增长，记忆就会慢慢
She declined their invitation. 她拒绝他们的邀请。
n. 衰落，衰败；减少，下降
Eg: There is a decline in real wages.实际工资有所减少。
拓展：
on the decline 在衰退中，走下坡路
fall into a decline 衰落
decline to do sth.拒绝做--- decline an offer/ a proposal 谢绝援助/建议
练习：翻译
The number of pandas in the wild is _____________(在减少).
Towns that were not connected by railway often ___________________(走向衰落).
他谢绝与记者讨论他的计划。_____________________________________.
We __________________________(谢绝了援助) of financial help.
选择题：
The financial crisis has led to a sharp ________ in profits in many factories.
A. decline
B. increase
C. deadline
D. bankruptcy
辨析：decline/ refuse/ reject
decline指较正式地，有礼貌地谢绝
refuse 指坚决，果断或坦率地拒绝
reject指以否定，敌对的态度当面拒绝或令人不满意，有缺陷或无用而抛弃，它指暗无条件的拒绝
练习：用decline, refuse, reject填空
They _______ damaged goods.
He ______ to take the money.
He ________ the nomination.
重点句子：
1.Just imagine performing such an opera in the Forbidden City---there could not be a more
awesome setting.
点拨：
not, no, never 等否定词与比较级连用，表示最高级含义，意为：“再没有比---更---的了”
Eg: He is working harder than any other student in his class.
他比他班上其他的任何一个学生学习都要努力。
I?ve never seen a better present than this one. 我从来没有见过比这个更好的礼物。
We can?t find a more comfor table armchair to sit in.
我们不可能找到一个更舒服的手扶椅坐。
---Do you believe it?
---I couldn?t believe more. 我完全相信。
练习：翻译：
I can?t agree with you more. _____________________________________.
There is no greater love than that of a man who lays down his life for his country.
_____________________________________.
选择题：
1)---We can?t go hiking this afternoon. It?s raining heavily.
---What a pity! There couldn?t be a _______ day at this time of year.
A.good
B. worse
C. better
D. worst
2)---Shall I give you a ride as you live so far away?
---Thank you. ______.
A. It couldn?t be better
B. Of course you can
C. If you like
D. It?s up to you
2. The emperor finds the death disturbing. However, although he would like to, he cannot break his promise.
分析：
(1)finds the death disturbing是由find+宾语+形容词，“find+宾语+宾语补足语”的
结构可归纳如下：
a.find+宾语+形容词/副词
b.find+宾语+介词短语
c.find+宾语+现在分词
d.find+宾语+过去分词
e.find+宾语+名词
Eg:
I find this kind of cloth smooth. 我发现这种布料很光滑。
She found her gloves in her handbag.她发现她的手套在手提包里。
The child found his sweet dissolving in the water. 那小孩发现他的糖正在水中溶化。
When he woke up, he found himself tied to a tree. 他醒来时发现被绑在树上。
练习：选择题
1). A cook will be immediately fired if he is found ______ in the kitchen.
A. smoke
B. smoking
C. to smoke
D. smoked
2). We found the ______boy ______ near the river this afternoon.
A. missed; playing
B. missing; playing
C. missed; to play
D. missing; played
(2)句中although he would like to是状语从句；to后面省略了__________
当不定式所表示的内容在上文或下文已经出现，为避免重复，总是把不定式里的动词及其后续部分省略，只保留不定式符号“to”。但是当不定式后有be动词和have时不能省。
Eg:
I didn?t wan t to walk all the way to school, but I had to, because of the flat tyre.我不想一路走到学校的，可是车轮胎没气了，我只好走。
练习：选择题
1).---What?s the matter with Della?
---Well, her parents wouldn?t allow her to go to the party, but she still __________.
A. hopes to
B. hopes so
C. hopes not
D. hopes for
2). In my opinion, life in the twenty-first century is much easier than ______.
A. that used to be
B. it is used to
C. it was used to
D. it used to be
3. Wherever the Beatles went, there was a phenomenon called …Beatlemania?--- thousands of fans would surround them, screaming and going crazy trying to see them.
点拨：
(1).wherever 意为“无论去那里，无论在什么地方”，引导_____状语从句。
拓展：
a. wherever, whenever, however可引导让步状语从句，分别相当于no matter where, no matter when, no matter how.
b. whatever, whoever, whichever, whomever等词都可以引导让步状语从句，分别相当于no matter what, no matter who, no matter which, no matter whom; 还可引导名词性从句。
练习：翻译
_______________________(他无论去哪里), he always brings a notebook with him.
__________________________________(不管困难有多大), we must complete the task in time.
_________________________________(无论谁告诉你这个消息), don?t believe it.
选择题：
1) Distant education is playing more and more important role, making it possible for people to be educated __________ they do.
A. however
B. wherever
C. whenever
D. whatever.
2) In peace, too, the Red Cross is expected to send help ________ there is human suffering.
A. whoever
B. however
C. whatever
D. wherever
(2). 现在分词短语screaming and going crazy trying to see them作伴随状语，是句子的主语thousands of fans的动作，是伴随surround这个动作发生的。
Eg:
The children ran out of the room, laughing and talking merrily. 那些孩子们跑进房间，愉快地笑着，说着。
练习：选择题
Suddenly, a tall man driving a golden carriage________ the girl and took her away , _______ into the
woods.
A.seizing; disappeared
B. seized; disappeared
C. seizing; disappearing
D. seized; disappearing
【巩固练习】
单词拼写：
1. She shed mercy to the orphan. She is a m lady.
2.The government issued a statement c (谴责) the bombing which killed hundreds of innocent citizens.
3. He doesn?t d to walk alone in the street in darkness.
4.He is as s (顽固的) as a donkey.
5.It is e (明显的) that Jenny is happy, for she is smiling.
6.The boss (要求) that Mary should finish it within a week.
7. Modern pop music has its ________ in the folk songs of black Americans held in slavery.
8. Other musicians began to copy his style and the ________ he brought to his music.
9. From the early 1930s to the early 1950s, traditional jazz went into a gradual __________, and was replaced by a new music ________ known as rhythm and blues.
10. In the early 1950s, a record company owner from Memphis, Tennessee, Sam Philips, ________ to bring rock music to white audience.
11. Because of the _________ and racial discrimination of the time, he knew that he had to use white singers or the records might not get played on the radio.
选择题：
1. He was down for several days after he heard the bad news.
A. broken B .cast C. cut D. discouraged
2.Let，s our personal feelings for now, and get to our business.
A. set up B .set off C. set about D. set aside
3. The shy girl _______ dance before many strangers, _______ she?
A. daren?t; does
B. daren?t; dare
C. doesn?t dare; dare
D. dare not; dares
4. The noise was so that he was so that he stayed awake the whole night.
A. disturbing; disturbed
B. disturbed; disturbing
C. disturbing; disturbing
D. disturbed; disturbed
5. We demanded that we of any changes in the plan that they put forward.
A. informed
B. be informing
C. be informed
D. had been informed
6. Over a third of the population were said to have no to the health service.
A. approach
B. application
C. access
D. approval
7. Believe it or not, crying is a way (you can imagine) _______ pressure.
A. relieving
B. to relieve
C. relieved
D. relieve
8. Mary?s parents objected to ___________ John, who was poor and lazy.
A. her marrying
B. her marry
C. she married
D. marry
9. How beautifully she sings! I?ve never heard .
A. the better voice
B. a good voice
C. the best voice
D. a better voice
10. Some equipment as well as a number of maps and books to the area form all over the globe since the earthquake occurred in Turkey.
A. has been offered
B. had been offered
C. is being offered
D. is offered
11.There，re more than 100 elements found in nature, are metals.
A. most of which
B. most of them
C. most of that
D. most which
12. …I feel nervou s before the exam.
….It won，t be too difficult for you to pass.
A. Take it easy
B. Never mind
C. Take your time
D. Don，t mention it
13.It，s difficult to imagine his the decision without any consideration.
A. accept B .accepting C. to accept D. accepted
14. ---What do you think of teaching, Bob?
--- I find it fun and challenging. It is a job ________ you are doing something serious but interesting.
A. where
B. which
C. when
D. that
15. He was found guilty of armed robbery, and to 15 years in prison.
A. praised B .remembered C. condemned D. honored
16. Playing on a frozen sports field sounds like a lot of fun. Isn?t it rather risky, _______?
A. though
B. also
C. either
D. too
17. ---Did you go to see the football match in the stadium?
---______, but my cousin called on me.
A. I?d like to
B. I?d like to have
C. I wouldn?t like it
D. I like to
18. ---We can?t go hiking this afternoon. It?s raining heavily.
---What a pity! There couldn?t be a ______ day at this time of year.
A. good
B. worse
C. better
D. worst
19. ---______ she _______?
---Yes. She is married _______ a rich man.
A. Has; married; with
B. Is; married; to
C. Has; married; to
D. is; married; with
20. The Second World War five deaths in the family.
A. has witnessed
B. witnessed
C. witnesses
D. was witnessing
21. Although difficult, she finished the job on time, so I think that she certainly deserved _________.
A. being praised
B. to be praised
C. to praise
D. having praised
22. The news _________ Barack Obama won the Nobel Prize is _______ surprised the world.
A. that; what
B. which; that
C. that; which
D. /; how
23. Men were divided not by their regions or their ________.
A. signals
B. roots
C. foods
D. wealth
24. I do every single bit of housework _______ my husband Bob just does dishes now and then.
A. since
B. while
C. when
D. as
25. Check the car before we go in case it ______ halfway.
A. breaks down
B. breaks up
C. breaks into
D. breaks out
26. Due to the rising price, there was a(n) _______ in holiday sales over the past five years.
A. increase
B. decline
C. improvement
D. rise
27. We struggled so much to _____ for help, but we never lost hope.
A. beg
B. hesitate
C. desire
D. seek
28. ______ you eat the correct foods _______ be able to keep fit and stay healthy.
A. Only if; will you
B. Only if; you will
C. Unless; will you
D. Unless; you will
29. Science has _______ many changes in our lives.
A. brought about
B. brought out
C. brought up
D. brought down
30. The children are finding it hard to _______ to the new school.
A. apply
B. adopt
C. admit
D. adapt
31. _________ well prepared you are, you still need a lot of luck in mountain climbing.
A. However
B. Whatever
C. No matter
D. Although
32. ---Tom, you didn?t come to the party last night?
---I _________, but I suddenly remembered I had homework to do.
A. had to
B. didn?t
C. was going to
D. wouldn?t
33. Whenever he was asked why he was late for class, he would answer carelessly, always ________ the same thing.
A. saying
B. said
C. to say
D. having said
34. After cooking, mother ______ making tea.
A. set out
B. set about
C. set off
D. start out
35. ---My room gets very cold at night.
---___________.
A. So is mine
B. So mine is
C. so does mine
D. So mine does
36. _________ their assignments, the students went out of the classroom.
A. Finished
B. Finishing
C. Having finished
D. Being finished
37. ---What do you think made Mary so upset?
---__________her bicycle.
A. As she lost
B. Lost
C. Losing
D. Because of losing
38. Could I speak to _______ is in charge of International Sales please?
A. who
B. what
C. whoever
D. whatever
39. I had to ________ Jack?s invitation to the party because I would have an important business meeting to attend then. A. decline B. depart C. devote D. deserve
40. Today?s _______ is toward less fo rmal clothing.
A. tendency
B. tend
C. trend
D. treat
句子翻译
1.显然这项政策是失败的。(evident)
2.一位年轻女子扮演了Tess这一角色。(cast)
3.一般来说，杀人犯会被处以死刑。(condemned)
4.大学毕业后，这个固执的小伙子试图找一份完美的工作，但没有成功。（seek）
5.在过去的五年中，许多高楼沿河拔地而起。(spring up)
M8U2 语法：省略（学案）
【温故知新】
1.---Why haven?t you bought any butter?
---I ______ to, but I forgot about it.
A. liked
B. wished
C. meant
D. expected
2. ________, I will help you with your work.
A. If I am possible
B. If it possible
C. If possible
D. Possible
【语法探究】
在英语中，有时为了避免结构上或内容上的重复，并使上下文紧密链接；有时因为语法的客观需要，句子中的一个或几个成分不需要表达出来，这种现象称为省略。
一、省略在简单句中的应用
1.祈使句的省略：在祈使句中通常省略主语
Be kind to our sister.
Speak a little slower. I can?t follow you.
点津：为了加强语气或表示不高兴，厌烦的情绪，祈使句可以带主语。
You do it right away.
Don?t you be late again.
2.在简略回答中，为了避免重复，常将主动词省略，留下主语和助动词；如果谓语部分全部省略，代词用宾格。
---Have you ever been to Beijing before?
---Yes. I have (been to Beijing before)
---Jack will go to London to watch the 29th Olympic Games next year.
--- Me, too.
Practice:
---Poor Steve! I could hardly recognize him just now!
---__________. He has changed so much.
A. Never mind
B. No problem
C. Not at all
D. Me neither
3. 在口语中常出现的省略的情况有：
A：
How come? 怎么会是这样呢？（表示惊讶）
How so? 为什么？（要求解释原因）
What for? 为什么呢？（解释目的）
What? 什么，发生了什么事？（表示没有听清楚对方所说的话）
So what? 那又如何，那又怎样？（表无所谓或不服气的意味）
Then what? 下一步怎么版，然后怎么办？
What about sth./doing sth.?某事或做某事怎么样？（征求意见）
What if? 如果，假设---怎么办？（假设）
Practice:
1）---You can have a pet dog, but suppose you get bored with it in a few days, ________?
---We won?t. We promi se.
A. Then what
B. All right
C. How come
D. So what
2) ---Linda didn?t invite us to the party.
---__________? I don?t care.
A. For what
B. So what
C. What?s on
D. What?s up
3) ---I don?t think I?ll be able to go mountain-climbing tomorrow.
---_________?
A. And how
B. How come
C. How?s it going
D. How about it
B:
在口语中，为使句子结构简洁明了，语气亲切缓和，有些简单句中通常可以省略主语、谓语、