Section A
36、Questions36-46 are based on the following passage.
One in five US workers regularly attends after-work drinks with co-workers, where the most common 36_________range from bad-mouthing (说……的坏话. another worker to kissing a colleague and drinking too much,according to a study 37 on Tuesday.
Most workers attend so-called happy hours to 38_________ with colleagues, although 15 percent go to hear the latest office gossip and 13 percent go because they feel obligated, said the survey conducted for Career Builder. com,an online job site.
As to what happens when the after-work drinks flow,16 percent reported bad-mouthing a colleague,10percent shared a secret about a colleague,8 percent kissed a colleague and 8 percent said they drank too much and acted 39_________ .5 percent said they had shared a secret about the company, and 4 percent 40________ to singing karaoke.While 21 percent of those who attend say happy hours are good for 41_________,85 percent said attending had not helped them get 42_________ to someone higher up or get a better position.
An equal number of men and women said they attend happy hours with co-workers, with younger workers aged 25 to 34 most likely and workers over 55 least 43_________to attend.
Overall,21 percent of workers attend happy hours with co-workers and, of those,44_________a quarter go at least once a month.
The survey was 45 _________online by Harris Interactive on behalf of Career Builder. com among 6,987 full-time employees.
A. bond
B.acknowledged
C. nearly
D. specially
E. anywhere
F. mishaps
G. obligated
H. likely
I. conducted
J. idly
K. unprofessionally
L. networking
M. released
N. confessed
O. researched
第(36)题__________。
37、第(37)题__________。
38、第(38)题__________。
39、第(39)题__________。
40、第(40)题__________。
41、第(41)题__________。
42、第(42)题__________。
43、第(43)题__________。
44、第(44)题__________。
45、第(45)题__________。
Section B
46、A)Last July, Julie Baldocchi's mother had a massive stroke and was paralyzed. Baldocchi suddenly had to become a family caregiver, something that she wasn't prepared for. "I was flying by the seat of my pants," says Baldocchi, an employment specialist in San Francisco. Both of her parents are 83, and she knew her father couldn't handle her mother's care. The hospital recommended putting her mother in a nursing home. Baldocch wasn't willing to do that. But moving her back into her parents' home created other problems. Baldocchi,48, is married and lives about a mile away from her parents. She has a full-time job and has back problems that make it difficult for her to lift her mother. "I couldn't do it all," she says. "But I didn't even know how to find help."
B)
With help from the Family Caregiver Alliance, she eventually hired a live-in caregiver. "But even if you plan intellectually and legally, you're never ready for the emotional impact," Baldocchi says. In the first two month safter her mother's stroke, she lost about 30 pounds as stress mounted. More than 42 million Americans provide family caregiving for an adult who needs help with daily activities, according to a 2009 survey by the AARP.An additional 61.6 million provided at least some care during the year. And many are unprepared.
C)
While many parents lack an advance care directive, it's the most basic and important step they can take. Thedirective includes several parts, including: a durable power of attorney, which gives someone legal authority to make financial decisions on another's behalf; a health care proxy, which is similar to the power of attorney,except it allows someone to make decisions regarding medical treatment; and a living will that outlinesinstructions for end-of-life care. (For example, parents can say if they want to be kept alive by artificialmeasures.) "It's invaluable for the kids, because it's hard to make those decisions for a parent," says JenniferCona, an elder-law attorney at Genser Dubow Genser & Cona in Melville, N.Y. An advance care directive isthe first line of defense if a situation arises, says Kathleen Kelly, executive director of the Family CaregiverAlliance, which supports and educates caregivers. Without an advance directive, the family will have topetition the court to be appointed the parent's legal guardian, says https://www.doczj.com/doc/4512133321.html,.
D)
It's important for families to talk about long-term care so the adult children know their parents' preferences,wishes and goals, says Lynn Feinberg, a caregiving expert at AARP. But ifs not an easy conversation. Elderlyparents are sometimes suspicious of their children's financial motives, says Susan John, a financial planner atFinancial Focus in Wolfeboro, N.H. One client asked John to hold a family meeting because they needed anintermediary to talk about financial issues, she says. And when there are many siblings, the family decisionscan become a three-ring circus with much acrimony, says Ann-Margaret Carrozza, an elder-law attomey inGlen Cove, N.Y. Families who need information and help sorting out disagreements can call on elder-lawattorneys, financial planners, geriatric care managers and caregiver support groups. In February, AARP said itwill offer its members a new caregiving support service through financial services firm
Oenworth.
E)
Many families are unprepared for quick decisions, especially when they find out that Medicare doesn't pay forlong-term care, Feinberg says. The median cost of a year in a private room at a nursing home in 2011 was$77,745, according to Genworth. And only those who have spent most of their assets can qualify for Medicaidto pay for the nursing home.
F)
Assisted living is another option. Residents can have their own apartment to maintain some independence. Butthe facilities generally provide personal care services, such as meals, housekeeping and assistance withactivities. Still, it's not cheap: The national median cost in 2011 was $39,135, according to Genworth. Assistedliving isn't covered by Medicaid.
G)
If they have a choice, at least 90% of elderly parents prefer to stay at home as long as they can, according toAARP research. But if the parents can no longer safely live at home, it can be hard for children to move theminto an adult care facility. There may be another option. Sometimes the home can be modified so a parent canstay there. For example, Baldoechi put in a chair lift for her mother. She also arranged for a home caregiver.
H) Family caregivers take over many responsibilities. One might manage a parent's finances, while anothersibling will take the parent to doctors' appointments and shopping. Those who move in with a parent take on asignificant and sustained burden of care. Jan Walker moved into her mother's home in Leesburg, Fla. After hermother, who is 83, had fallen, she wasn't able to get around as well. Walker,55, has three brothers. But she isthe only daughter, is divorced and has no children. "I always knew that this was the role that I would have, andI guess my mind was prepared for it," says Walker, who now is a full-time caregiver and works from home asa tutorial instructor for a digital scrapbooking website. "When you get into the trenches, it's literally baptismby fire," she says. "New things come up. It's not just about advance planning for finances or medical care. It'severything," she says.
I) Carcgivers need to also watch their own health. "There is such a thing as caregiver burnout," Cona says.Among female caregivers 50 and older,20% reported symptoms of depression, according to a 2010 study onworking caregivers by MetLife. "It's a hard job," Walker says. "But most worthwhile things are hard. She wasalways there for me when I needed a helping hand. It's only natural that I be here for her now."
根据以上内容，回答46-56题。
When elderly parents cannot live at home safely, their children can change their home instead of sending them to an adult care facility.
47、To talk about long-term care is not easy because sometimes aged parents are suspicious of their children's financial motives.
48、Besides advance planning for finances or medical care, family caregivers take over many other responsibilities.
49、The difference between a durable power of attorney and a health care proxy is that the latter allows someone tomake decisions regarding medical treatment.
50、Baldocehi did not want to send her mother to a nursing home, but she had difficulty taking care of her.
51、Over 42 million caregivers helped an adult with everyday activities in the USA in 2009.
52、If a family needs information or help to sort out disagreements, there are many people they can call on.
53、Caregivers should pay attention to their own health, or they may bum out or.become depressed.
54、One will have to petition the court to be the parent's legal guardian, if there is no advance directive.
55、The national median cost of assisted living in 2011 was $39,135 and it is not covered by Medicaid.
Section C
56、Questions 56-61are based onthe following passage.
Educators today are more and more oftenheard to say that computer literacy is absolutely necessary forcollegestudents. Many even argue that each incoming freshman should have permanentaccess to his or her ownmicrocomputer. What advantages do computers offer thecollege students?
Any student who has used a word processorwill know one compelling reason to use a computer: to writepapers. Although notall students feel comfortable composing on a word processor, most ,findrevising and editingmuch easier on it. One can alter, insert, or delete just bypressing a few keys, thus eliminating the need to rewrite orre-type.Furthermore, since the revision process is less burdensome, students are morelikely to revise as often as isnecessary to end up with the best paperpossible. For these reasons, many freshman English cottrses require the useof aword processor.
Computers are also useful in the contextof language courses, where they are used to drill students in basicskills.Software programs reinforce ESL(English as a Second Language .instruction, aswell as instrnction in French, German, Spanish, and other languages. By usingthese programs on a regular basis, students can improvetheir proficiency in alanguage while proceeding at their own pace.
Science students take advantage ofcomputers in many ways. Using computer graphic capabilities, forexample, botanystudents can represent and analyze different plant growth patterns. Medicalstudents can learn tointerpret computerized images of internal body structures.Physics students can complete complex calculations farmore quickly than theycould without the use of computer.
Similarly, business and accountingstudents find that computer spreadsheet programs are all but indispensabletomany aspects of their work, while students pursuing careers in graphic arts,marketing, and public relations find thatknowledge of computer graphic isimportant Education majors learn to develop grading systems usingcomputers,while social science students use computers for analyzing andgraphically displacing their research results.
It is no wonder, then, that educatorssupport the purchase and use of microcomputers by students. A Versatile tool, the computer can help students learn.And that is, after all, the reason for going to college.
The word"literacy" (Line 1,Paragraph 1) means _________.
A.the ability to read andwrite
B.the ability to use
C.literature
D.the knowledge of language
57、The main purpose of thispassage is to _________.
A.persuade the educators toincrease computer use in their own classroom
B.analyze advantages anddisadvantages of computer use among college students
C.identify some of the waysthat computers benefit college students
D.describe how computers canbe used to teach foreign languages
58、According to the author, aword processor can be used to_________.
A.revise papers
B.retype papers
C.reduce the psychologicalburden of writing papers
D.improve the writing skillsof a student
59、In this passage, thewriter's argument is developed primarily through the use of_________.
A.cause-effect analysis
https://www.doczj.com/doc/4512133321.html,parison andcontrast
C.induction
D.examples
60、According to the author,the reason for students to go to college is _________.
A.to learn something
B.to perfect themselves
C.to improve computerskills
D.to make the best use ofcomputers
61、Questions{TSE}are based on the followingpassage.
Language is, and should be, a livingthing, constantly enriched with new words and forms of expression. Butthere isa vital distinction between good developments, which add to the language,enabling us to say things wecould not say before, and bad developments, whichsubtract from the language by rendering it less precise. Avivacious, colorfuluse of words is not to be confused with mere slovenliness. The kind ofslovenliness in whichsome professionals deliberately indulge is perhaps akin tothe cult ( 迷信. of theunfinished work, which haseroded most of the arts in our time. And the trueanswer to it is the same that art is enhanced, not hindered, bydiscipline. Youcannot carve satisfactorily in butter.
The corruption of written English hasbeen accompanied by an even sharper decline in the standard of spoken
English. We speak very much less well than wascommon among educated Englishmen a generation or two ago.
The modem theatre has played a baneful (有害的) part in dimming our appreciation oflanguage. Instead ofthe immensely articulate dialogue of, for example, Shaw(who was also very insistent on good pronunciation.,audiences are now subjectedto streams of barely literate trivia, often designed, only too well, toexhibit'laek ofcommunication', and larded (夹杂. with theobscenities (下流的话. and grammatical errors of theintellectually impoverished. Emily Post once advised her readers: "Thetheatre is the best possible place to hear correctly-enunciated speech. "Alas, no more. One young actress was recently reported to be taking lessons inhow to
speakbadly, so that she should fit in better.
But the BBC is the worst traitor. Aideryears of very successfully helping to raise the general standard ofspokenEnglish, it suddenly went into reverse. As the head of the Pronunciation Unitcoyly (含蓄地. put it, "In the1960s the BBC opened thefield to a much wider range of speakers." To hear a BBC disc jockeytalking to thelatest ape-like pop idol is a truly shocking experience of verbalsqualor. And the prospect seems to be of evenworse to come. School teachers areactively encouraged to ignore little Johnny's incoherent grammar,atrociousspelling and haphazard punctuation, because worrying about such thingsmight inhibit his creative genius.
The writer relateslinguistic slovenliness to tendencies in the arts today in that they both_________
A.occasionally aim at acertain fluidity
B.appear to shunperfection
C.from time to time showregard for the finishing touch
D.make use of economical shortcuts
62、"Art is enhanced, nothindered, by discipline" (Lines 6-7, Paragraph 1 ) means_________
A.an artist's work will befiner if he observes certain aesthetic standards
B.an unfinished work is boundto be comparatively inferior
C.the skill of certain artistsconceals their slovenliness
D.artistic expression isinhibited by too many rules
63、Many modem plays, theauthor finds, frequently contain speech which _________
A.is incoherent andlinguistically objectionable
B.is far too ungrammatical formost people to follow
C.unintentionally shocks theaudience
D.tries to hide the author'sintellectual inadequacies
64、The author says that thestandard of the spoken English of BBC _________
A.is the worst among allbroadcasting networks
B.has taken a turn for theworse since the 1960s
C.has raised English-speakingup to a new level
D.is terrible because of a fewpopular disc jockeys
65、Teachers are likely tooverlook the linguistic lapses in their pupils since_________
A.they find that children nolonger respond to this kind of discipline nowadays
B.they fear the children maybecome less coherent
C.more importance is nowattached to oral expression
D.the children may bediscouraged from expressing their ideas
Part IV Translation.(30minute)
66、中国的传统节庆膳食是节日必不可少的伴侣。例如，我国的端午节(theDragonBoatFestival)是纪念古代诗人屈原的日子。那一天，人们通常要赛龙舟、吃粽子(zongzi)。中秋节是观赏满月的日子。圆圆的月亮象征着圆满，象征着家庭团聚。因此，中秋节(T11e Mid.auttunn Festival)的特制食品是一种圆形的月饼。春节是中国的农历新年(the Chinese lunar New Year's holiday)，除了常见的家禽和肉类之外，人们还要按各自的也方习俗烹制传统食物，如饺子和年糕。
Section A
36、Questions 36-46 are based onthe following passage.
If it were only necessary to decidewhether to teach elementary science to everyone on a mass basis or to findind thegifted few and take them as far as they can go, our task would be fairlysimple. The public school 36_________ ,however, has no suchchoice, for the job must be 37_________ on at the same time.Because we depend so 38_________ uponscience and technology for our progress,we must produce 39_________ in many fields. Because wc live in ademocraticnation, whose citizens make the policies for the nation, largenumbers of us must be educated to understand, tosupport, and when necessary,to 40_________ the work of experts. The public school musteducate both producars andusers of scientific services.
In education, there should be a goodbalance among the branches of knowledge that contribute to effectivethinkingand wise judgment. Such balance is 41_________ by too much emphasison any one field. This question ofbalance involves not only the relation of thenatural sciences, the social sciences, and the arts but also relative 42_________ "among the natural sciencestbemselves.
Similarly, wc must have a balance betweencurrent and 43_________ knowledge. The attention of the public is 44_________drawn to new possibilities inscientific fields and the discovery of new knowledge; these should not beallowed toturn our attention away from the sound,45_________ materials thatform the basis of courses for beginners.
A. awarded
B . heavily
C. classical
D. display
E. established
F. system
G. involved
H.defeated
I.continually
J. specially
K.emphases
L. establishment
M. specialists
N. carded
O. judge
第(36)题__________.
37、第(37)题__________.
38、第(38)题__________.
39、第(39)题__________.
40、第(40)题__________.
41、第(41)题__________.
42、第(42)题__________.
43、第(43)题__________.
44、第(44)题__________.
45、第(45)题__________.
Section B
46、
Beauty and Body Image in theMedia
A. Images of female bodies are everywhere. Women—and their bodyparts--sell everything from food to cars.Popular film and television actressesare becoming younger, taller and thinner. Some have even been known tofaint onthe set from lack of food. Women's magazines are full &articles urging thatif they can just lose thoselast twentypounds, they'll have it all—the perfect marriage, loving children, great sex,and a rewarding career
B. Why arc standards of beauty being imposed on women, the majorityofwhom are naturally larger and moremature than any of the models? The roots,some analysts say, are economic. By presenting an ideal difficult toachieve andmaintain, the cosmetic and diet product industries arc assured of growth andprofits. And it's noaccident that youth is increasingly promoted, along withthinness, as an essential criterion of beauty. If not allwomen need to loseweight, for sure they're all aging, says the Quebec Action Network for Women'sHealth inits 2001 report. And, according to the industry, age is a disasterthat needs to be dealt with.
C. The stakes are huge. On the one hand, women who are insecure about their bodies arc more likely tobuybeauty products, new clothes, and diet aids. It is estimated that the dietindustry alone is worth anywherebetween 40 to 100 billion (U.S.. a year selling temporary weight loss (90% to 95% of dieters regainthe lostweight.. On the other hand, research indicatesthat exposure to images of thin, young, air-brushed femalebodies is linked todepression, loss of self-esteem and the development of unhealthy eating habitsin womenand girls.
D. The American research group Anorexia Nervosa & Related EatingDisorders, Inc. says that one out of everyfour college-aged women usesunhealthy methods of weight control--including fasting, skippingmeals,excessive exercise, laxative (泻药. abuse, andself-induced vomiting. The pressure to be thin is also affectingyoung girls:the Canadian Women's Health Network warns that weight control measures are nowbeing takenby girls as young as 5 and 6. American statistics are similar.Several studies, such as one conducted by MarikaTiggemann and Levina Clark in2006 titled "Appearance Culture in 9- to 12-Year-Old Girls: Media andPeerInfluences on Body Dissatisfaction," indicate that nearly half of allpreadolescent girls wish to be thinner, andas a result have engaged in a dietor are aware of the concept of dieting. In 2003, Teen magazine reported that35percent of girls 6 to 12 years old have been on at least one diet, and that 50to 70 percent of normal weightgirls believe they are overweight. Overallresearch indicates that 90% of women are dissatisfied with theirappearance insome way. Media activist Jean Kilbourne concludes that, "Women are sold tothe diet industryby the magazines we read and the television programs we watch,almost all of which make us feel anxiousabout our weight."
E. Perhaps the most disturbing is the fact that media images of femalebeauty are unattainable for all but a verysmall number of women. Researchersgenerating a computer model of a woman with Barbie-doll proportions,forexample, found that her back would be too weak to support the weight of herupper body, and her bodywould be too narrow to contain more than halfa liverand a few centimeters of bowel. A real woman built thatway would suffer fromchronic diarrhea ( 慢性腹泻. and eventually die frommalnutrition. Jill Barad,President of Mattel (which manufactures Barbie., estimated that 99% of girls aged 3 to 10 years old own atleast oneBarbie doll. Still, the
number of real life women and girls who seek asimilarly underweight body isepidemic, and they can suffer equally devastatinghealth consequences. In 2006 it was estimated that up to450,000 Canadian womenwere affected by an eating disorder.
F. Researchers report thatwomen's magazines have ten and one-half times more ads and articlespromotingweight loss than men's magazines do, and over three-quarters of thecovers of women's magazines include atleast one message about how to change awoman's bodily appearance--by diet, exercise or cosmetic surgery.Television andmovies reinforce the importance of a thin body as a measure of a woman's worth.Canadianresearcher Gregory Fouts reports that over three-quarters of the femalecharacters in TV situation comedies areunderweight, and only one in twenty areabove average in size. Heavier actresses tend to receive negativecomments frommale characters about their bodies ("How about wearing a sack?" ., and 80 percent of thesenegative comments are followed by cannedaudience laughter.
G. There have been efforts in the magazine industry to buck (抵制，反抗. the trend. For several years the Quebecmagazine Coup de Pouce hasconsistently included full-sized women in their fashion pages and Chatelainehaspledged not to touch up photos and not to include models less than 25 yearsof age. In Madrid, one of theworld's biggest fashion capitals, ultra-thinmodels were banned from the runway in 2006. Furthermore Spainhas recentlyundergone a project with the aim to standardize clothing sizes through using aunique process inwhich a laser beam is used to measure real life women's bodiesin order to find the most tree to lifemeasurement.
H. Another issue is the representation of ethnically diverse women inthe media. A 2008 study conducted byJuanita Covert and Travis Dixon titled"A Changing View: Representation and Effects of the Portrayal ofWomen ofColor in Mainstream Women's Magazines" found that although there was anincrease in therepresentation of women of c01our, overall white women wereoverrepresented in mainstream women'smagazines from 1999 to 2004.
I. The barrage of messagesabout thinness, dieting and beauty tells "ordinary" women that theyare always inneed of adjustment--and that the female body is an object to beperfected. Jean Kilboume argues that theoverwhelming presence of media imagesof painfully thin women means that real women's bodies have become invisible in the mass media。The real tragedy, Kilbourne concludes, is that many womeninternalizethese stereotypes, and judge themselves by the beauty industry'sstandards. Women learn to comparethemselves to other women, and to compete withthem for male attention: This focus on beauty and desirability"effectivelydestroys any awareness and action that might help to change that climate."
根据以上内容，回答46-56题.
A report in Teen magazineshowed that 50% to 70% girls with normal weight think that they need to lose weight.
47、On the whole, for 6 yearswhite women had been occupying much more space in mainstream women's magazines since 1999.
48、Some negative effects suchas depression and unhealthy eating habits in females are related to their being exposed to images of thin and young femalebodies.
49、The mass media has helpedboost the cosmetic and the diet industries.
50、It is reported that thereis at least one message about the methods for women to change their bodilyappearance on more than three-quarters of the coversof women's magazines.
51、Some film and televisionactresses even faint on the scene due to eating too little.
52、Too much concern withappearance makes it impossible to change such abnormal trend.
53、Researchers found that areal woman with Barbie-doll proportions would eventually die from malnutrition.
54、The Quebec magazine Coup dePouce resists the trend by consistently including full-sized women in their fashion pages for several years.
55、According to some analysts,the fundamental reason of imposing standards of beauty on women is economic
Section C
56、Questions 56-61are based onthe following passage.
Is it possible to persuade mankind to livewithout war? War is an ancient institution which has existed for atleast sixthousand years. It was always bad and usually foolish, but in the past thehuman race managed to live withit. Modern ingenuity (创造力. has changed this. Either Man will abolishwar, or war will abolish Man. For thepresent, it is nuclear weapons that causethe most serious danger, but bacteriological or chemical weapons, maybeforelong, offer an even greater threat. If we succeed in abolishing nuclearweapons, our work will not be done. Itwill never be done until we havesucceeded in abolishing war. To do this, we need to persuade mankind tolookupon international questions in a new way, not as contests of forec, inwhich the victory goes to the side which ismost skillful in killing people, butby arbitration (调解. in accordance with agreedprinciples of law. It is not easyto change very old mental habits, but this iswhat must be attempted.
There are those who say that the adoptionoft_his or that ideology would prevent war. I believe this to be a bigerror.All ideologies are based on dogmatic ( 教条式的. statements which are, at best, doubtful, and at worst,totallyfalse. Their adherents believe in them fanatically (狂热地. that they are willing to go to war in support ofthem.
Themovement of world opinion during the past few years has been very largely suchas we can welcome. Ithas become a commonplace ( 老生长谈. that nuclear war must be avoided. Of course very difficultproblemsremain in the world, but the spirit in which they are being approachedis a better one than it was some years ago. Ithas begun to be thought, even bythe powerful men who decide whether we shall live or die, that negotiations should reach agreements even if both sides donot find these agreements wholly satisfactory. It has begun to beunderstoodthat the important conflict nowadays is not between different countries, butbetween Man and the atombomb.
This passage implies thatwar now is _________
A.worse than in the past
B.as badas in the past
C.not so dangerous as in the past
D.as necessary as in the past
57、In the sentence "To dothis, we need to persuade mankind... "(Line 6, Para.1 ), "this" refers to _________
A.solving international problems
B.improving weapons
C.abolishing war
D.living a peaceful life
58、From Paragraph 2 we learnthat the author of the passage
A.is a supporter of some modem ideologies
B.does not think that the adoption of any ideology could prevent war
C.believes that the adoption of some ideologies could prevent war
D.has no doubt about the truth of any ideologies
59、The last paragraph suggeststhat_________
A.international agreements can be reached more easily now
B.man begins to realize the danger of nuclear war
C.nuclear war will definitely not take place
D.world opinion welcomes nuclear war
60、According to theauthor,_________.
A.war is the only way to solve internatioual disputes
B.war will be less dangerous because of the improvement of weapons
C.it is impossible for man to live without war
D.war must be abolished if man wants to survive
61、Questions{TSE} are based onthe following passage.
A useful definition of an air pollutantis a compound added directly or indirectly by humans to the atmospherein suchquantities as to affect humans, animals, vegetation, or material adversely (有害地.. Air pollution requires avery flexibledefinition that permits continuous change. When the first air pollution lawswere established inEngland in the fourteenth century, air pollutants werelimited to compounds that could be seen or smelled—a farcry (悬殊的差别. from the extensive list of harmful substances known today. Astechnology has developed andknowledge of the health aspects of variouschemicals has increased, the list of air pollutants has lengthened. Inthefuture, even water vapor (水蒸气. might be consideredan air pollutant under certain conditions.
Many of the more important airpollutants, such as sulfur oxides, carbon monoxide, and nitrogen oxides,arefound in nature. As the Earth developed, the concentrations ( 浓度. of these pollutants were altered byvariouschemical reactions; they became components in biogeochemical (生物地球化学的. cycles. These serve as an airpurification scheme by allowing thecompounds to move from the air to the water or soil. On a global basis,nature'soutput of these compounds dwarfs that resulting from human activities. However,human productionusually occurs in a localized area, such as a city.
In this localized region, human outputmay be dominant and may temporarily overload the natural purificationscheme ofthe cycles. The result is an increased concentration of noxious ( 有害的. chemicals in the air. Theconcentrations atwhich the adverse effects appear will be greater than the concentrations thatthe pollutants wouldhave in the absence of human activities. The actualconcentration need not be large for a substance to be apollutant; in fact thenumerical value tells us little until we know how much of an increase thisrepresents over the concentration that would occur naturally in the area. Forexample, sulfur dioxide has detectable health effects at0.08 parts per million(ppm., which is about 400 times its natural level.Carbon monoxide, however, has a naturallevel of 0.1 ppm and is not usually apollutant until its level reaches about 15 ppm.
It can be inferred from thefirst paragraph that _________
A.water vapor is an air pollutant in localized areas
B.the definition of air pollution will continue to change
C.a substance becomes an air pollutant only in cities
D.most air pollutants today can be seen or smelled
62、In what way can naturalpollutants play an important role in controlling air pollution?
A.They function as part of a purification process.
B.They are dwarfed by the pollutants produced by human activities.
C.They are less harmful to living beings than are other pollutants.
D.They have existed since the Earth developed.
63、According to the passage,the numerical value Of the concentration level of a substance is only useful if
A.the other substances in the area are known
B.it is a localized area
C.it can be calculated quickly
D.the naturally occurring level is also known
64、Which of the following isbest supported by the passage?
A.To effectively control pollution, local government should regularlyrevise the air pollution laws.
B.One of the most important steps in preserving natural lands is tobetter enforce air pollution laws.
C.Scientists should be consulted in order to establish uniform limitsfor all air pollutants.
D.Human activities have great impact on air pollution.
65、The passage mainlydiscusses _________
A.the economic impact on air pollution
B.how much damage air pollutants can cause
C.what constitutes an air pollutant
D.the quantity of compounds added to the atmosphere
Part IV Translation.(30minutes)
66、北京有无数的胡[司(hutong)。平民百姓在胡同里的生活给古都北京带来了无穷的魅力。北京的胡同不仅仅是平民百姓的生活环境，而且还是一门建筑艺术。通常，胡同内有一个大杂院，房间够4到l0个家庭的差不多20口人住。所以，胡同里的生活充满了友善和人情味。如今，随着社会和经济的飞速发展，很多胡同被新的高楼大厦所取代。但愿胡同可以保留下来。
《新视野大学英语》试卷 PartⅡReading Comprehension (30 points) Directions:There are 3 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center. Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage. Many people, particularly recent college graduates, dream of owning their own businesses. Although such ventures are often exciting and profitable, the new entrepreneur should thoroughly investigate and plan the situation before plunging in. the first step should be to assemble a board of advisers, including a lawyer, an accountant, and an insurance representative. These individuals can provide valuable information and counsel. Securing the necessary licenses and permits is also a precondition and may require research to determine what is necessary. Most successful small-business owners have considerable experience in the field working for others before they become independent. They also begin with substantial financial backing and a good location. Renting space may be preferable or necessary at the
初二年级英语试题（2012.12） （卷面总分：100分 考试时间：100分钟） 一、 听力（共15题, 每小题1分，计15分.） A.听小对话，选择最佳图画选项.（共5小题；每小题1分，计5分） 1. What’s Jim going to do next Sunday? A B C 2. Which sign can they see? A B C 3.What does the man want to buy first? A B C 4.What does the man ’s father do? A B C 5.What does the woman want to learn? A B C B. 听大对话，回答问题.（共5小题；每小题1分，计5分） 听第一段对话，完成6至7题. 6.What is the woman ’s favourite animal? A. Dogs. B.Tigers. C.Camels. 7.What does the man mean? A. Dogs are the best friends. B. Tigers can kill other animals for food if they are hungry. C. Camels don ’t need to eat anything. 听第二段对话，完成8至10题. 8.How is the boy going to Beijing Amusement Park tomorrow? A.By taxi. B. By car. C.By underground. 9.When and where are they going to meet? A. At the gate at 9 a.m.. B. At the bus stop at 9 a.m.. C. At the flat at 8 a.m.. 10.What will they eat for lunch? A. Beijing Duck. B. Some bread. C.Hamburgers. C. 听短文，选择最佳选项.（共5小题；每小题1分，计5分） 11.It would be better to buy some ______ first. A. fresh vegetables B. vegetable salad C. fresh fruit 12. You should cut them up ________. A. before cleaning them B. after cleaning them C. after putting them in a bowl 13. You can buy_________ . A. only cabbages ，carrots ，potatoes and tomatoes B. any kind of vegetable C. only three or four kinds of vegetables 14. Finally ，mix up the vegetables and _____ in a bowl. A. water B. milk or cheese C. candy 15. This passage tells us how to ______. A. buy food B. eat a healthy diet C. make vegetable salad 二、单项选择（共10题，每题1分，计10分） 从A 、B 、C 、D 四个选项中选出一个可以填入句中空白处的最佳答案. 16.Study hard, ________ you will pass the English exam. A. and B. but C. or D. so 17.Which symbol has the meaning of “dollar ”? A. @ B. % C. & D. $ 18. ______ exciting news it is! A. What B. What an C. How D. How an 19.Would you please make __________ for this old man? A. a room B. space C. place D. spaces
Part 1 Word Dictation (每小题：1 分) Directions: Listen and write down the words you hear. You are going to listen to the recording twice. During the first time, write the word that you hear. Check your answers as you listen the second time. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13.
14. 15. Part 2 Understanding Short Conversations (每小题：1 分) Directions: In this section you'll hear some short conversations. Listen carefully and choose the best answer to the questions you hear. 1. A. Reading. B. Walking. C. Studying. D. Planting trees. 2. A. Animals are dying. B. Animals can care too. C. People depend on animals. D. People are failing. 3. A. Go on a hot date.
B. Return home. C. Fuel the car. D. Drive a lot. 4. A. Damage done by last night's winds. B. Cars overturned in the streets. C. Several houses destroyed. D. Trees pulled out of the ground. 5. A. The man will join the conservation group. B. The man will plant trees in the forest. C. The man will cut down trees in the forest. D. The man won't go with the woman today. Part 3 Understanding Long Conversations (每小题：1 分) Directions: In this section you'll hear a long conversation or conversations. Listen carefully and choose the best answer to the questions you hear.（DCBAC） Part 4 Understanding Passages (每小题：1 分)
辽中县2014年9月八年级英语阶段测试题（满分：100分）Ⅰ.基础知识与运用（共15小题，每小题1分，满分15分） A) 选择并抄写单词。 1. From an early age, he showed great ___________ability. (artistic, artist) 2.Is there ___________ (anything, something) on the blackboard? 3.The king ___________(ordered, made) his men to collect a bag of rice 4.With the ten numbers, we can count things ___________ (easy, easily). 5.The spinning wheel was a Chinese ____________ (inventor, invention). B) 根据汉语提示，写出单词的正确形式。 6.Ludwig Von Beethoven was a great _____________(音乐家). 7.The winner will get an English-Chinese dictionary as a __________(奖品). 8.I’d like to ___________(挑战) myself to make greater progress. 9.There are many kinds of ____________(恐龙) on Earth. 10.The book ___________(包括)some beautiful photos. They are part of the book. C)用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 11.We __________ the football match yesterday. (win) 12.The doctor ordered me ___________ a rest for a month. (take) 13.He put one grain on the first square, four on the ________, and so on. (three) 14.There are many __________ in Disneyland Park. ( attract) 15.It is always _________ to have an English- Chinese dictionary. You should buy one. (use) Ⅱ.按要求完成下列各题（共15题，每小题2分，满分30分） A) 选择填空 ( ) 16. Da Vinci was ____Italian painter and one of his paintings, the Mona Lisa, is ____ most famous in ____ world. A .an, a, the B. a, the, the C. an, the, the D. the, a, the ( ) 17. Nanjing isn’t so large as Shanghai. ____it is the second largest city in East .China. A. But B. However C .Because D. So ( ) 18．____ is impossible, if you put your heart into it. A .Something B. Anything C. Everything D. Nothing ( ) 19．------Is ____ here? ------No, Bob and Tim have asked for leave. A. anybody B. somebody C. everybody D. nobody ( ) 20．____ are very important to the farmers in Australia. A . Sheeps B. Sheep C. A sheep D. The sheeps ( )21．Abraham Lincoln was ____ president of the United States. A. 16 B. the 16 C. 16th D. the 16th ( ) 22．Our school is not very big. There are only____ students. A. nine hundreds of B. nine hundred C. nine hundreds D. nine hundred of
《新视野大学英语1》试卷（A） 适用班级：2013-2014第1学期重修班 I. Vocabulary and Structure (20points) Directions: Choose the best one to complete each sentence. 1. She cut her hair short and tried to ____ herself as a man. A. decorate B. disguise C. fabricate D. fake 2. She watched him ____ all the handles and gears in his automobile until she thoughts she could run it herself. A. modulate B. incorporate C. manipulate D. induce 3. The French police are legally entitled to ____ anyone's movements as they please. A. confine B. restrict C. restrain D. limit 4. Some people argue that the death ____ does not necessarily reduce the number of murders. A. fine B. cost C. punish D. penalty 5. The university ____ consists of full professors, associate professors and assistant professors. A. crew B. personnel C. faculty D. staff 6. The latest edition of The Complete Works of Lu Xun comes in sixteen ____. A. copies B. volumes C. versions D. editions 7. Many students found the book ____ : it provided them with an
第 1 页 共 7 页 《大学英语Ⅰ》考试试卷 （适用班级：重修） 题号 Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ Ⅳ Ⅴ Ⅵ 总分 统分人 统分复核人 得分 得分 阅卷人 复核人 Ⅰ.Fill in the blanks. (20 points,1 point for each) 1. A s a r e s u l t o f h i s h a r d w o r k , h e h a s g a i n e d ______ t o t h e B e i j i n g U n i v e r s i t y . A ) a c c e s s B ) c o m m i t m e n t C ) o p p o r t u n i t y D ) r e w a r d 2. W i t h t h e s u p p l i e s o f n u r s e s b e l o w _____, t h e l o c a l g o v e r n m e n t d e c i d e d t o r e c r u i t (招募) v o l u n t e e r s . A ) a c q u i r e m e n t s B ) a s s i g n m e n t s C ) c o m m i t m e n t D ) r e q u i r e m e n t s 3. T h e _____ t o b e b e t t e r t h a n o t h e r s d r i v e s h i m t o w o r k h a r d e r t h a n b e f o r e . A ) u n i q u e n e s s B ) e a g e r n e s s C ) a w a r e n e s s D ) e f f e c t i v e n e s s 4. F o r y o u r s t u d y t o s t a y i n a ______ c y c l e , y o u m u s t k e e p u p w i t h t h e p r o g r e s s o f t h e c o u r s e . A ) v i r t u o u s B ) v i r t u a l C ) v i s u a l D ) v i t a l 5. W e a r e e x p e c t i n g t o s e e t h a t t h e c o n c e r t e d r e s e a r c h w o r k w i l l c o m e u p w i t h a _____ s o l u t i o n t o t h e p r o b l e m . A ) p e r m a n e n t B ) p e r s p e c t i v e C ) p e r s i s t e n t D ) p e r s u a s i v e 6. A t t h e e a r l y s t a g e o f a c h i l d ’s d e v e l o p m e n t , t h e f a m i l y t e n d s t o h a v e a g r e a t e r _____ o n h i m t h a n h i s s c h o o l . A ) i n s t r u m e n t B ) i d e n t i t y C ) c o m m u n i c a t i o n D ) i n f l u e n c e 7. T h e f o o t b a l l e r m a d e a (n ) _____ g e s t u r e , w h i c h m a d e t h e a u d i e n c e ’s b l o o d b o i l . A ) m a t u r e B ) o f f e r i n g C ) o f f e n s i v e D ) h e s i t a t i v e 8. H o w e v e r , a t t i m e s t h i s b a l a n c e i n n a t u r e i s ____, r e s u l t i n g i n a n u m b e r o f p o s s i b l e u n f o r e s e e n e f f e c t s . A ) t r o u b l e d B ) d i s t u r b e d C ) c o n f u s e d D ) d i s g u s t e d 9. After the disaster, the truth ____ us that a healthy habit of living can keep one away from some terrible diseases. A) focused upon B) imposed upon C) dawned upon D) leaned upon 10. T h i s a r t i c l e _____ m o r e a t t e n t i o n t o t h e p r o b l e m o f c u l t u r a l i n t e r f e r e n c e i n f o r e i g n l a n g u a g e t e a c h i n g a n d l e a r n i n g . A ) c a l l s f o r B ) a p p l i e s f o r C ) c a r e s f o r D ) a l l o w s f o r 11. It is not polite to ____ a speaker with frequent questions. A) interpret B) intervene C) interrupt D) interfere 12. A t t h e p a r t y w e f o u n d t h a t s h y g i r l ____ h e r m o t h e r a l l t h e t i m e . A ) d e p e n d i n g o n B ) c o i n c i d i n g w i t h C ) a d h e r i n g t o D ) c l i n g i n g t o 13. T h e p r o b l e m w i t h y o u r c o n d u c t i s t h a t w h a t y o u d o i s n o t _____ w i t h w h a t y o u s a y . A ) c o n s i s t e n t B ) c o n t i n u o u s C ) c o n s i d e r a t e D ) c o n t i n u a l 14. S h e w a s s o _____ i n h e r j o b t h a t s h e d i d n ’t h e a r s o m e o n e k n o c k i n g a t t h e d o o r . A ) a t t r a c t e d B ) d r a w n C ) a b s o r b e d D ) c o n c e n t r a t e d 15. P r o f e s s o r T a y l o r ’s t a l k h a s i n d i c a t e d t h a t s c i e n c e h a s a v e r y s t r o n g _____ o n t h e e v e r y d a y l i f e o f t h e h u m a n s o c i e t y . A ) m o t i v a t i o n B ) p e r s p e c t i v e C ) i m p r e s s i o n D ) i m p a c t 16. A l t h o u g h n o t a n e c o n o m i s t h i m s e l f , D r . S m i t h h a s l o n g b e e n a s e v e r e c r i t i c o f t h e g o v e r n m e n t ’s _____ p o l i c i e s . A ) e c o n o m i c a l B ) e c o n o m y C ) e c o n o m i c D ) e c o n o m i c s 17. The gloves were really too small, and it was only by _____ them that I managed to get them on. A) spreading B) squeezing C) stretching D) bending 18. When I took my car to the garage, they soon ____ what the trouble was. A) emerged B) realized C) explored D) diagnosed 19. The public has appealed to the government to find a ____ to the problem of pollution. A) result B) response C) settlement D) solution ------------------------------------------第----------------------------2----------------------------装---------------------------------------线--------------------------------------------- 班级 姓名 学号 ------------------------------------------ 第----------------------------1----------------------------装 --------------------------------------- 线 --------------------------------------------
第 1 页 共 11 页 考试类型 闭卷 新视野大学英语第三版第三册期末考试 试卷（A ） 适用专业 年级 级 层次 班 1. c onf er: ___ 2. defiance:___ 3. slump:___ 4. deteriorate___ 5. console:___ 6. tropical:___ 7. anonymous___ 8. compliment___ 9. notorious___ 10. perish:___ 11. inhibit:___ 12. endeavor: ___ 13. jeopardize:___ 14. contemplate: ___ 15. comply: __ A. make it difficult for a process to start B. in or from the hottest parts of the world C. become worse D. famous or well-known for sth. bad E. try to make sb. feel better when they are unhappy or disappointed F. give sth. such as authority, a legal right, or an honor to sb. G. say sth. nice to sb. in order to praise them H. a sudden decrease in prices, sales, profits, etc. I. open refusal to obey sb. or sth. J. an effort to do sth., esp. sth. new or difficult K. think very carefully about sth. for a long time L. unknown by name M. do what you have to do or are asked to do N. risk losing or spoiling sth. important O. die, esp. in a terrible or sudden way Part I. Try to find for each of the following words their suitable explanation from A to O and write down your answers.（ 1x15）
初二英语试题及答案 单项填空(20 分)从每小题A、B、C、D 中选出能填入句中空白处的最佳选项。 21It’s interesting, but ________ difficult for me. A.little B. a little C. a few D. few 22. Everyone ______ here last Monday. A.were B.is C. are D. Was 23. Did Julie study _______ exams? A.to B. for C. have D. at 24. It was a _________ day yesterday. A.rain B. raining C. rainy D. to rain 25. There are also many fast food restaurants in _________ parts of our city. A.other B. others C. another D. the others 26. You needn’t _ your English. I will help you. A.worry B.worried C.worry about D.worried about 27. —____ does you mother go to the supermarket? —By bus. A.Where B. When C. How D.What 28. It’s time ___________class. A.for have B. have C. to have D. to having 29. He helped his mother clean the rooms and then ________ his homework yesterday afternoon. A. do B.doing C. does D. did 30. —Is that ________ interesting book? —Yes, but it is ___________ difficult. A.an, a little B. a, a bit C.a, a little D. an, little 31. —When did you see the film? —__________.
Part II. Reading Comprehension (20 points) Passage One As we consider what makes one man better than the other, let’s look at two examples. The first example is a man who has a good job, a healthy body, and a loving family. His success is due to good decisions. He chose the correct subjects to study when he was at the university. Now that he’s out of school, he always schedules his time well so that he can get everything done at the proper time. He exercises and eats well, as he understands the benefits of this. In addition, in order to achieve happiness in the home, he spends time with his family and makes sure they all have when they need. On the other hand, the second man is something less than the successful person the first man is. What’s wrong with him? Good sense is the ability to know what is true or right from what is not true or wrong. And some people might think that the second lacks good sense. However, the person who thinks this is mistaken. Actually, since everyone has the same amount of good sense, the first man does not have an advantage over the second in this respect. The second man has a good mind, and he has the ability to judge things well. The second man runs into trouble, because he directs his thought along a different path. He considers other things, different from the first man. The problem is that he does not apply his mind rightly, as does the first one. Thus, he is not capable of advancing further than he does. When you consider what you want out of life, think about the results of your decisions. Apply your mind well so that good things will come about and so that you are not left regretting your actions. 21. During his university years, the first man ________. A. scheduled his time to get everything done. B. learned how to apply his mind rightly. C. ate right and did exercise regularly. D. chose things that made him successful later. 22. The first man is fully aware of the good things that will result from _______. A. making good decisions during one’s unive rsity studies. B. scheduling his time so that he can get everything done. C. taking care of his body with diet and exercise. D. being a successful person with a good family life. 23. One’s ability to judge right or wrong is called _______. A. beneficial consideration B. thought direction C. successful thinking D. good sense 24. To keep from wishing you made a different choice, you should ________. A. get more out of life B. develop more good sense
楚州区教育教学第三协作片期中统考八年级 英语学科试卷 命题人：潘福平 一、选择题。（20 分） ( )1. It’s UFO. A. a B. an C. the D./ ( )2. Is there in today’s newspaper? A. something interesting B. interesting something C. anything interesting D. interesting anything ( )3. a day do you feed your pet? Twice a day. A. How often B. How long C. How many D. How many times ( )4. My dog is animal of all. A. clever B. cleverest C. cleverer D. the cleverest ( )5. --- Is the English book yours? --- No, it Simon’s. A. can B. can be C. maybe D. might is ( )6. –---Why don’t we? ---------- It’s a good idea . A . going fishing B . to go fishing C . go fish D . go fishing ( )7. The woman enjoys . A. sing and dance B. sings and dances C. singing and dancing D. singing and dances ( )8. It took half an hour his homework. A. her, do B. him, do C. him, to do D. him, doing ( )9. interesting story it is! A. What B. How C. What a D. What an ( )10. A person cannot sneeze and his eyes at the same time. A. lets, open B. keep, open C. lets, close D. keep, close ( )11. Remember to your homework to school tomorrow. A. take B. bring C. buy D. worry ( )12. is important fish fresh water. A. That; to give B. It; to give C. That; giving D. It; to giving ( )13. You be polite to the old man. A. should B. can C. need D. may ( )14. –Must I return the book right now? –No, you . A. mustn’t B. don’t have to C. needn’t D.B and C ( )15. Timmy plays with his pet for every day. A. sometime B. some times C. sometimes D. some time ( )16. Don’t read the sun and it’s bad your eyes.