EXHIBIT VII
FPSO HULLS
DIRECTIVES FOR QUALITY ASSURANCE SYSTEM
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGE ITEM CONTENT
1OBJECT 2
2REFERENCES 2
3SUPPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENTS 2
EXHIBIT VII
DIRECTIVES FOR QUALITY ASSURANCE SYSTEM
1 OBJECT
1.1 CONTRACTOR shall comply with the requirements of the quality assurance system
defined in Standard ISO 9001:2000, and the supplementary requirements specified in Section 3 below.
1.2 PNBV reserves the right to check the application and maintenance of the
requirements defined herein, at any time, including those related to suppliers and subcontractors.
2 REFERENCES
2.1 ISO 9001:2000 (NBR ISO 9001:2000) – Quality management systems –
Requirements;
2.2 ISO 19011 (NBR ISO 19011) – Guidelines for auditing quality systems – Part 1 –
Auditing;
2.3 ISO 9712:1999 - Nondestructive testing - Qualification and certification of personnel;
2.4 EN 45013:1989 - General criteria for certification bodies operating certification of
personnel;
2.5 ABENDE – NA-001:1999 - “Qualifica??o e certifica??o de pessoal em ensaios n?o
destrutivos” (Qualification and certification of personnel in nondestructive testing);
2.6 FBTS – NBR 14842:2002 - “Qualifica??o e certifica??o de inspetores de soldagem.”
(Qualification and certification of welding inspectors);
2.7 EN-473:2002 – Non-destructive testing - Qualification and certification of NDT
personnel - General principles.
3 SUPPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENTS
3.1 CONTRACTOR shall implement and maintain, at its own expenses, during the entire
term of this Agreement, a Quality Management System, including.
3.1.1 Carrying out all required qualifications of specialized workers and the assembly
and welding procedures pursuant to the guidelines prescribed by the applicable norms and issue the relevant certificates required by the Quality Management System, bearing all the qualifications costs including traveling, materials and equipment expenses used in the centralized qualification of workers and procedures. The qualification of the labor to be used by Contractor may be evidenced by means of tests, if applicable, in accordance with the workers selection/evaluation routine approved by the Inspection;
3.1.2 Carrying out all additional experiments and tests that the Inspection may deem
necessary to evidence the compliance with the quality levels required for the Works, in accordance with the Quality Assurance System.
3.2 In accordance with proper timetable provisions Contractor shall submit to PNBV
approval, a specific Quality Management Plan established on Exhibit VI – “Directives for Planning and Control”. No later than 2 (two) months after the preceding event, Contractor shall submit to PNBV’s approval, detailed inspection procedures.
3.3 Contractor shall provide for each Site a quality assurance manager to supervise the
implementation of the quality assurance plan, the inspection plan, and the inspection procedures, in the corresponding Site.
3.4 In addition to requirement
4.2.3 (Control of documents) in ISO 9001:2000:
3.4.1 CONTRACTOR shall establish, implement and maintain a Filing Plan, defining:
File’s organizational structure;
Documents to be filed;
Systematic to permit the fast information recuperation.
3.4.2 In cases where the documents and data are by electronic media, CONTRACTOR
shall establish, implement and maintain a systematic for security, back-up and control of revision of CAD’s documents and data, including:
Prevent utilization of CAD obsolete versions;
File’s protection against unauthorized utilization;
Security against computer viruses;
Perform and control back-up copies.
3.5 In addition to requirement
4.2.4 (Control of records) in ISO 9001:2000,
CONTRACTOR shall maintain record by 5 years, after PNBV issue the TRD (Definitive Receiving Term).
3.6 In addition to requirement 6.2.2 (Competence, awareness and training) in ISO
9001:2000, CONTRACTOR shall comply with the following requirements:
3.6.1 The non destructive testing inspectors (visual, dye penetrating, magnetic particle,
radiographic and ultra-sonic testing) shall be qualified by the “Sistema Nacional de Qualifica??o e Certifica??o de Pessoal em END”, according to standard ABENDE NA-001 or by independent international organizations that operate in compliance with standard ISO 9712, subject to previous approval by PNBV.
3.6.1.1 Acceptable situations for Non Destructive Tests: All bodies indicated with Yes for
standards ISO 9712 and EN 473
Country Accredited Certification Body ISO 9712EN 473 EN 45013 Obs.
No Yes
Brazil ABENDE Yes
South Africa PCN of England Yes Yes Yes Obs.3 Australia PCN of England Yes Yes Yes Obs.3 Qatar PCN of England Yes Yes Yes Obs.3
Country Accredited
Certification
Body ISO 9712EN 473 EN 45013 Obs.
Europe See attached list See
attached
list See
attached
list
See
attached
list
Obs.1
USA ACCP- ASNT Central
Certification Program
Yes No Yes Obs.2
United Arab
Emirates
PCN of England Yes Yes Yes Obs.3
Hong Kong PCN of England Yes Yes Yes Obs.3 Japan JSNDI - Japanese Society
for Non-destructive
Inspection
Yes No Yes Obs.4 Malaysia PCN of England Yes Yes Yes Obs.3
Obs.1 – All bodies listed in the document “Multilateral Recognition
Agreement - Schedule 2 - Registered Certification Bodies” published by
EFNDT - European Federation on Non Destructive Testing are acceptable.
Updated information may be obtained from the web site
https://www.doczj.com/doc/4811502546.html,/news.asp, under the title of the above-mentioned
document.
Obs.2 – ACCP - ASNT Central Certification Program is a centralized
personnel qualification program of ASNT and it is acceptable. Another
qualification program of ASNT that uses the practice ASNT SNT-TC-1A is
not acceptable, since it is a self-certification system (certification is provided
by the employer itself to Level 1 and 2 inspectors and, in some cases, to
Level 3 inspectors, according to its own examination criteria).
Obs.3 – PCN of England has centers for qualification exams in all these
countries. The certificate issued is the one from PCN, which is widely
recognized in Europe, as indicated in Obs.1.
Obs.4 – Not all certificates already issued by JSNDI are in accordance with
standard ISO 9712. It is necessary to check the certificate of each inspector
to demonstrate his/her certification under standard ISO 9712.
3.6.2 Non destructive testing, tightness testing and spot checking inspectors, as well as
the painting inspectors shall be qualified by “Setor de Qualifica??es e Inspe??es”
of PETROBRAS Engineering Department or by international organizations
complying with requirements of standard EN 45013, subject to previous approval
by PNBV.
3.6.2.1 Existing situations for Industrial Painting Inspection:
Country Certification Body EN
45013 PETROBRAS
N-2004
NACE CSWIP-British
Gas BGAS/ER1
Obs.
Brazil SEQUI/
PETROBRAS
No Yes No No
USA and others NACE No
No Yes
No Obs.5
England
and
others
CSWIP (TWI) No No No Yes Obs.6
Obs.5 – Qualification is carried out by NACE according to the description
given in the NACE web site. Even though the NACE qualification is not
strictly in accordance with standard EN 45013, we consider it to be
acceptable within the approximate correlation indicated below. The exact
activities that each inspector can carry out are only those described in the
aforesaid web site. The list of certified personnel may be obtained directly at
the following address:
https://www.doczj.com/doc/4811502546.html,/nace/content/education/Certification/certsearch.asp;
Obs.6 – Qualification is carried out by CWIP in accordance with CSWIP -
British Gas BGAS/ER1 standard. Even though the CSWIP qualification is
not strictly in accordance with standard EN 45013, we consider it to be
acceptable within the approximate correlation indicated below. The exact
activities that each inspector can carry out are only those described in the
respective qualification standards:
3.6.2.2 Acceptable situations for Industrial Painting Inspection:
PETROBRAS N-2004 CSWIP-British Gas
BGAS/ER1
NACE
Level 1 Inspector Painting Inspector Grade 2
and
Painting Inspector Grade 3 NACE Certified Coating Inspector
Level 2 Inspector Painting Inspector Grade 1 NACE Certified Coating
Inspector
3.6.3 The welding inspectors shall be qualified by the “Sistema Brasileiro de Qualifica??o
e Certifica??o de Pessoal em Soldagem” - FBTS, as per standard FBTS N-001, or
by international organizations complying with requirements of standard EN-45013, subject to previous approval by PNBV.
3.6.3.1 Existing situations for Welding Inspection:
Country Accredited
Certification Body EN
45013
ABNT
NBR14842
AWS
QC1
CSWIP
WI-62
CSA
W178.2
Obs.
Brazil FBTS Yes
Yes No
No No Canada CWB No No No No Yes Obs.7 USA AWS No No Yes No No Obs.7 England CSWIP (TWI) No No No Yes No Obs.7
Obs.7 – Please find below an approximate correlation between the
qualifications of the various systems. The exact activities that each inspector
can carry out are only those described in the respective qualification
standards:
3.6.3.2 Acceptable situations for Welding Inspections:
Country/ Body Brazil /
FBTS (ABENDE
for EV-N2-S) Canada
/
CWB
USA /
AWS
England /
CSWIP (TWI)
Standard NBR 14842-03 CSA W178.2-01 AWS
QC-1-96 CSWIP-WI-6-
92
Certification Level EV-N2-S
Visual Weld
Inspector
WI-L1
Welding Inspector
Level 1
CAWI
Certified
Associated
Welding Inspector
AWI
Assistant
Welding
Inspector
Certification Level IS-N1
Welding
Inspector Level 1
WI-L2
Welding Inspector
Level 2
CWI
Certified Welding
Inspector
WI
Welding
Inspector
Certification Level IS-N2
Welding
Inspector Level 2
WI-L3
Welding Inspector
Level 3
CSWI
Certified Senior
Welding Inspector
SWI
Senior
Welding
Inspector
Notes:
NBR 14842-03: Critérios para a qualifica??o e certifica??o de inspetores de soldagem, 2003 edition, of ABNT (Brazilian Association of Technical
Standards).
CSA W178.2-01: Certification of Welding Inspectors, 2001 edition, Canadian Standards Association.
AWS QC-1-96: Standard for AWS Certification of Welding Inspectors, 1996 edition, American Welding Society.
CSWIP-WI-6-92: Requirements for the Certification of Assistant Welding Inspector, Welding Inspectors and Senior Welding Inspectors (fusion welding). 3.6.4 Dimensional control inspection – A PETROBRAS Specification, as per
PETROBRAS rule N-2109 shall be used, when the construction is made in Brazil.
This specification covers the following professionals: Inspector Level 1 and Inspector Level 2, corresponding to the following areas: mechanical, steel plate fabrication, machinery assembling and industrial topography.
3.6.5 The welders, tack welders and welding operator, shall be qualified according to
FPSO HULLS classification rules.
3.6.6 Welders or welding operators with a repair index greater than the values
established in this Exhibit shall be re-trained and re-qualified.
3.7 In addition to the requirement 7.1 (Planning of product realization) of ISO 9001:2000
CONTRACTOR shall present a specific Quality plan containing addressing all phases of the CONTRACT in accordance with EXHIBIT VI –“Directives for Planning and Control”. The quality plan shall define:
a) Quality objectives to be attained, meeting the following requirements:
Shall be expressed in measurable terms;
Shall express aspects of time, cost and quality related to the CONTRACT scope of work;
b) The administrative organization chart and specific assignments of responsibility
and authority related to each of the CONTRACT phases;
c) Procedures, work methods and instructions to be applied, including titles and
number, as well as linking this documents with ISO 9001:2000 requirements;
d) Planning for the design (execution and verification), inspections and tests,
commissioning and auditing adequate for the phases of the CONTRACT,
defining all holding points to be considered.
e) Systematic for achieve, record and analysis, the following control
items/performance indicators:
Performance index for welders and welding operators;
Welding repair index by equipment;
Number of design modification requests issued and complied with in relation to total number of requests;
Average time period for comments and comment incorporation;
Number of revisions/rework as a function of not meeting the safety standards;
Parameters requested in the technical standards related to the various disciplines comprised in the service scope of this contract.
3.7.1 Each engineering or construction main subcontractor shall issue its own Quality
Plan in accordance with item 3.4.
3.8 In addition to requirement 7.2.2 (Review of requirements related to the product) in
ISO 9001:2000, CONTRACTOR shall present to PNBV, prior to commencement of work, the record of this review.
3.9 In addition to requirement 7.3 (Design and development) in ISO 9001:2000:
3.9.1 CONTRACTOR shall establish, implement and maintain a Design Execution Plan,
including execution process detailed flowchart, by discipline, presenting:
Design execution activities definition;
Applicable procedures for the activities;
Identification of information or documents necessary to development of each design activity;
Definition of the product of each activity and their relation with other activities and/or disciplines;
3.9.2 CONTRACTOR shall establish, implement and maintain a Design Verification Plan,
including:
Method or methods combination to be applied;
Documents to be verified by discipline and the verification’s levels applicable;
Period of verification;
Procedures applicable;
Responsible personnel;
Verification copy identification;
Verification records.
3.9.3 CONTRACTOR shall establish, implement and maintain systems for assuring
consistence among documents affected by a same modification.
3.10 In addition to requirement 7.4 (Purchasing requirements) in ISO 9001:2000,
CONTRACTOR shall establish, implement and maintain a documented procedure to assure compliance of those requirements to all subcontractors.
3.11 In addition to requirement 7.
4.1 (Purchasing process) in ISO 9001:2000
3.11.1 CONTRACTOR shall establish documented procedures detailing criteria for
selection, evaluation and re-evaluation of all subcontractors, considering the control applied according product/service acquired. These procedures shall be submitted for approval of PNBV. Records of results of these actions shall be maintained.
3.11.2 CONTRACTOR shall establish procedures to assure that acquisition of material
and equipment is made only by subcontractors or suppliers listed in the “vendors list” or previously approved by PNBV as per item 3.8.1.
3.12 In addition to requirement 7.
4.2 (Purchasing data) in ISO 9001:2000
3.12.1 CONTRACTOR shall establish a documented procedure in order to assure that all
Equipment to be supplied under its contractual responsibility, whenever applicable, are delivered with their Materials certificates, operation manuals, catalogues, certificates of inspections and releases, etc.
3.12.2 Welding consumable Materials (electrodes, wires, etc.) shall be supplied with their
quality certificates, for inspection and receiving purposes.
3.12.3 Electric and/or electronic devices or components, for use in explosive areas, shall
be supplied with conformity certificate, as per Portaria INMETRO 176 (July 17, 2000).
3.13 In addition to requirement 7.
4.3 (Verification of purchased product) in ISO
9001:2000, CONTRACTOR shall present to PNBV its plan for expediting and inspection of all Equipment in its scope of supply. CONTRACTOR shall comply with provisions in Appendix 5 of the Exhibit V –“Directives for Procurement”.
3.14 In addition to requirement 7.5.1 (Control of production and service provision) in ISO
9001:2000:
3.1
4.1 CONTRACTOR shall qualify the following procedures for non-destructive testing,
before services begin:
a) Radiographic testing;
b) Ultra-sonic testing;
c) Dye penetrating testing;
d) Magnetic particle testing;
e) Tightness testing;
f) Spot-checking;
g) Visual and Dimensional testing;
h) Hydrostatic and Pneumatic testing
3.1
4.2 Procedures indicated above shall be qualified by:
(i) Inspector level 3, certified by the “Sistema Brasileiro de Qualifica??o de
Pessoal em END” - ABENDE (Associa??o Brasileira de Ensaios N?o
Destrutivos); or
(ii) Inspector level 3, certified by other international organizations operating in compliance with ISO 9712 or EN 473, subject to PNBV’s previous approval.
(iii) Acceptable situations for Non-destructive Tests:
All situations listed for Level 3 Inspectors in item 3.3.1 are acceptable and qualification of procedures by a Level 3 inspector certified by ASNT according to practice SNT-TC-1A is also acceptable, provided his/her qualification has been performed in a centralized manner by ASNT. Qualification of a Level 3 inspector by the employer or entities other than the ASNT itself is not acceptable under any circumstances.
3.1
4.3 The welding procedures shall be qualified and certified before services begin, as
described bellow:
a) Inspector level 2, certified as per the main applicable standard, by “Sistema
Brasileiro de Qualifica??o e Certifica??o de Pessoal em Soldagem - FBTS
(Funda??o Brasileira de Tecnologia da Soldagem)”; or
b) Certified professionals as per the main applicable standard, by international
organizations that comply with the requirements in standard EN-45013, subject
to previous approval by PNBV;
c) Acceptable situations for the Qualification of Welding Procedures:
All situations listed in item 3.3.3 are acceptable, as equivalent for Level 2 Welding Inspectors of FBTS, provided qualification of the inspector has been performed under the main applicable standard. However, since outside Brazil most of the qualifications are performed using only standard API 1104, qualification of procedures will only be accepted if it is also approved by the Classification Society contracted for the project, or when no provision has been made for classification by
a Classification Society accepted by PNBV, or;
d) Alternatively, compatible procedures belonging to the “Banco de Dados de
Procedimentos de Soldagem” (Welding Procedures Data Bank) of FBTS may
be employed.
3.1
4.4 For the disciplines of refractors, fire protection, thermal insulation and external and
internal coatings for corrosion protection of pipes, CONTRACTOR requirement shall qualify the procedure at job site, before commencing work, for:
(i) Application of dense and insulating refractory concrete through pneumatic
projection;
(ii) Material application for fire protection, such as: refractory mortar, refractory concrete and swelling epoxy-basis mortars by means of guns or pneumatic
projection;
(iii) Application of thermal insulating systems based on polyurethane rigid foam either by spraying or injection.
3.1
4.5 CONTRACTOR shall establish implement and maintain documented procedure to
control pending items, in order to:
Define origin of pending items;
Define those responsible for expediting and providing solutions;
Keep pending items under controlled conditions until a solution is provided and their inclusion in documents and/or affected services.
3.15 In addition to requirement 7.5.3 (Product identification and traceability) in ISO
9001:2000, CONTRACTOR shall consider the following requirements:
3.15.1 The CONTRACTOR, upon planning traceability, shall consider the definitions and
extension of traceability as applied to Materials, per discipline, as presented below:
a) Total traceability (“RT”) - For Materials classified as “RT” an exact correlation
between every Material and its respective manufacturing certificate shall be
assured, for the duration of the work of this CONTRACT, including after
assembly.
b) Limited traceability (“RL”) - For Materials classified as “RL” an exact correlation
between every Material or its manufacturing lot and its respective
manufacturing and testing certificate shall be assured, by the delivery at the
CONTRACTOR job site, during storage and at assembly. It is not necessary to
maintain it after completion of the work of this CONTRACT.
c) Recognized origin (“OR”) - For Materials classified as “OR” it shall be assured
that the Material was purchased from a qualified supplier. Material Certificates
are required. Receiving Inspection shall be performed including the verification
of the manufacturing certificate, according to the applicable standard.
TRACEABILITY OF MATERIALS PER DISCIPLINE:
(a) Piping
MATERIALS RT RL OR
X
*2
Pipes *1
X Flanges *1*2
*3 Couplings and fittings *1*2 *3 X
Safety and relief valves X
Bolts and nuts *1 *3 X
All Valves X
Metallic and non metallic gaskets X *4
X
Hoses
Quick release couplings X
*1: For low temperature Material “RT” type shall be attended;
*2: For all stainless steel, duplex steel, super duplex steel, Cu Ni, Centrifugal Cast
Steel and FRP piping material “RT” type shall be attended;
*3: For piping with pressure class greater or equal 600# components and all
components from oil, gas and process plant hot water and toxic products systems;
*4: For non-asbestos compressed hydraulic paper joints.
(b) Pressure vessels
MATERIALS RT RL OR
Plates X Couplings X
Valves X
Flanges X
(c) Electricity / communications
MATERIALS RT RL OR
General use Materials X
Electrical cables X
Trays and supports *1 X
Explosion proof, Intrinsically safe and all electrical
X
materials for the Classified Areas
MCT X
Cable clamps X
Wheather Proof Materials X
Junctions Box X
*1: For FRP trays
(d) Instruments
MATERIALS RT RL OR
Cables and multiple cables X (note2)
Valves (hydraulic/pneumatic systems) X
Connectors and end fittings X
Explosion proof, EEx-E, EEx-P and EEx-I boxes X
Cable clamps X
Trays and supports *1 X
X Tubing
Couplings and fittings for tubing X
Solenoids, contactors X
Instruments X
*1: For FRP trays
(e) Mechanical systems (note 1)
MATERIALS RT RL OR
Steel wires X
Fuels and lubricants X
Structures and supports X
Nuts/bolts and washers *1 X
Spare parts X
X
Couplings
Rotate parts X
Super Alloys X
*1: For bolts, nuts and washers from a list of equipments to be submitted for the
PNBV approval
(f) Painting, insulation, fire protection
MATERIALS RT RL OR
X
Paint
X Solvents
Wire mesh and pins X
Insulating and refractory Materials X
X
Plates
(g) Welding / Non-destructive testing
MATERIALS RT RL OR
Welding consumable Materials X(*1) X(*2)
X-ray films X (note 3)
Welding gases X
Dye penetrating X
Magnetic particle X
*1: With assured toughness demand
*2: Without assured toughness demand
(h) Welding / Non-destructive testing
MATERIALS RT RL OR
Plates X
Process plant Material (plates/girders) X
(i) Safety
MATERIALS RT RL OR
Fire extinguishers X
Hydraulic systems X
Electronic systems X
Mechanical Equipment X
Life buoys and jackets X
Flash lights X
Light and smokes signalling devices X
Metallic and non metallic fabric X
X Hoses
Masks, Fibber glass boxes X
(j) Architecture
MATERIALS RT RL OR
Classified partition panels X (note 2)
k) Mooring system
MATERIALS RT RL OR
Hook up/ installation chains X
Fairleads X
Chain-stoppers X
Hook-up/installation wire ropes X
k) Structural Steel components
MATERIALS RT RL OR Plates X
Profiles X
Note 1 Materials are considered purchased individually, independently of Equipment purchase. For Materials that are part of the Equipment, the supplier shall guarantee the traceability of every Material.
Note 2The supplier shall guarantee similarity of the supplied Material in relation to the tested prototype.
Note 3 CONTRACTOR shall guarantee the traceability of the similar Material used for the qualification testing.
Note 4All air reservoirs of the actuators/valves and hydraulic units accumulators shall follow NR-13 (Brazilian Standard) and shall be classified as a vessel.
3.15.2 CONTRACTOR shall establish implement and maintain traceability for welders and
welding joints. Each weld joint shall be identified with the welder who made it. For ship structure (hull part) punch marks are prohibited.
3.15.3 CONTRACTOR shall establish implement and maintain a systematic to assure the
monitoring and measurement status on materials and equipments, from the receiving to the final tests.
3.16 In addition to requirement 7.5.5 (Preservation of product) in ISO 9001:2000
3.16.1 For welding, CONTRACTOR shall establish, implement, and maintain a systematic
for handling and storage the welding consumables (wires, electrodes, protection gas, fluxes).
3.16.2 For lifting, CONTRACTOR shall establish, implement and maintain a lubrication
and preventive maintenance plan for cranes.
3.17 In addition to requirement 7.6 (Control of monitoring and measuring devices) in ISO
9001:2000, CONTRACTOR shall maintain available at the CONTRACTOR job site all technical documents relating to inspection, measurement and testing devices.
3.18 In addition to requirement 8.2.2 (Internal audit) in ISO 9001:2000.
3.18.1 CONTRACTOR shall present an auditing plan according to ISO 19011, including
the definition of the work physical progress percentages where audit shall be carried out as well as the date forecast for their performance.
3.18.2 CONTRACTOR shall provide evidence of THIRD-PART QA AND QC AUDIT
REALIZATION, between 8 to 12 percent of realization of scope of the work under this contract. This THIRD PART QA AND QC AUDIT REALIZATION shall be conducted under requirements of ISO 9001:2000 and the requirements of this Exhibit.
3.19 In addition to requirement 8.2.3 (Monitoring and measurement of processes) in ISO
9001:2000, CONTRACTOR shall establish, implement and maintain a systematic for control welders and/or welding operators performance, at least every fortnight, recording results in a proper form, for which shall be applicable the following criteria:
2.5 (two and half) percent or 75 mm at each 3 (three) meters of tested welding, if
the index is calculated by length; or
10 percent or 2 radiographies at each 20 radiographies examined sequentially, if
the index is calculate by radiographies quantity.
3.20 In addition to requirement 8.2.4 (Monitoring and measurement of product) in ISO
9001:2000:
3.20.1 CONTRACTOR shall have own employees comply with the following
competences:
For Non Destructive Tests
a) Inspector level 3 to charge general supervision of NDT activities, certified by
“Sistema Brasileiro de Qualifica??o e Certifica??o de Pessoal em Soldagem em END – ABENDE (Associa??o Brasileira de Ensaios N?o-destrutivos) or by international organizations that complies with the requirements in standard ISO 9712 or EN 473, subject to previous approval by PNBV;
b) Inspector level 2 to work under coordination of inspector level 3 in NDT activities
certified by certified by “Sistema Brasileiro de Qualifica??o e Certifica??o de Pessoal em END – ABENDE (Associa??o Brasileira de Ensaios N?o-destrutivos) according standard NA-001,or by international organizations that complies with the requirements in standard ISO 9712 or EN 473, subject to previous approval by PNBV;
For Welding inspection
c) Inspector level 2 to charge general supervision of welding inspection activities
certified by “Sistema Brasileiro de Qualifica??o e Certifica??o de Pessoal em Soldagem - NBR 14842:2002 or by international organizations that complies with the requirements in standard EN 45013, subject to previous approval by PNBV;
d) Inspector level 1 to work under coordination of inspector level 2 in welding
inspection activities certified by “Sistema Brasileiro de Qualifica??o e Certifica??o de Pessoal em Soldagem - NBR 14842:2002 or by international organizations that complies with the requirements in standard EN 45013, subject to previous approval by PNBV;
e) Acceptable situations for the Qualification of Welding Inspection:
All situations listed in item 3.3.3 are acceptable, as equivalent for Level 2 Welding Inspectors of FBTS, provided qualification of the inspector has been performed under the main applicable standard. However, since outside Brazil most of the qualifications are performed using only standard API 1104, qualification of procedures will only be accepted if it is also approved by the Classification Society contracted for the project, or when no provision has been made for classification by a Classification Society accepted by PNBV.
Notes:
1 - Inspectors cited in item (a) for Non Destructive Tests and item (c) for Welding
inspection may work in more than one job site under this contract.
2 - Inspectors cited in item (b) for Non Destructive Tests and item (d) for Welding
inspection shall be resident in one job site under this contract.
3.20.2 CONTRACTOR shall prepare the Hulls inspection plan during construction and
assembly as a supplementary requirement.
3.21 In addition to requirement 8.3 (Control of nonconforming product) in ISO 9001:2000,
CONTRACTOR shall relate, in advance to PNBV, the use or repair of product that are nonconforming with the requirements, to obtain concession.
3.22 In addition to requirements 8.5.2 (Corrective action) and 8.5.3 (Preventive action) in
ISO 9001:2000, CONTRACTOR shall consider the observations/formal complaints of PNBV and PNBV audits nonconformities as customer complaints.
3.23 All plans described within this Exhibit including respective corrective or preventive
actions, activities and tasks, recurring or not, quality assurance, control and inspect overall quality of the materials, equipments, services, and any other item scope of this CONTRACT, must be totally and logically reflected within the initial Resource Loaded Schedule (RLS), and its updates, as described in Exhibit VI – “Directives for Planning and Control”.
4. DEFINITIONS
Capitalized terms used but not defined herein shall have the meanings given in the CONTRACT or other Exhibits.
to与for的用法和区别 一般情况下, to后面常接对象; for后面表示原因与目的为多。 Thank you for helping me. Thanks to all of you. to sb.表示对某人有直接影响比如，食物对某人好或者不好就用to; for表示从意义、价值等间接角度来说，例如对某人而言是重要的，就用for. for和to这两个介词，意义丰富，用法复杂。这里仅就它们主要用法进行比较。 1. 表示各种“目的” 1. What do you study English for? 你为什么要学英语？ 2. She went to france for holiday. 她到法国度假去了。 3. These books are written for pupils. 这些书是为学生些的。 4. hope for the best, prepare for the worst. 作最好的打算，作最坏的准备。 2．对于 1．She has a liking for painting. 她爱好绘画。 2．She had a natural gift for teaching. 她对教学有天赋/ 3．表示赞成同情，用for不用to. 1. Are you for the idea or against it? 你是支持还是反对这个想法？ 2. He expresses sympathy for the common people.. 他表现了对普通老百姓的同情。 3. I felt deeply sorry for my friend who was very ill. 4 for表示因为，由于（常有较活译法） 1 Thank you for coming. 谢谢你来。 2. France is famous for its wines. 法国因酒而出名。 5．当事人对某事的主观看法，对于（某人），对…来说（多和形容词连用）用介词to，不用for.. He said that money was not important to him. 他说钱对他并不重要。 To her it was rather unusual. 对她来说这是相当不寻常的。 They are cruel to animals. 他们对动物很残忍。 6．for和fit, good, bad, useful, suitable 等形容词连用，表示适宜，适合。 Some training will make them fit for the job. 经过一段训练，他们会胜任这项工作的。 Exercises are good for health. 锻炼有益于健康。 Smoking and drinking are bad for health. 抽烟喝酒对健康有害。 You are not suited for the kind of work you are doing. 7. for表示不定式逻辑上的主语，可以用在主语、表语、状语、定语中。 1．It would be best for you to write to him. 2．The simple thing is for him to resign at once. 3．There was nowhere else for me to go. 4．He opened a door and stood aside for her to pass.
of与for的用法以及区别 for 表原因、目的 of 表从属关系 介词of的用法 （1）所有关系 this is a picture of a classroom （2）部分关系 a piece of paper a cup of tea a glass of water a bottle of milk what kind of football，American of soccer？ （3）描写关系 a man of thirty 三十岁的人 a man of shanghai 上海人 （4）承受动作 the exploitation of man by man．人对人的剥削。 （5）同位关系 It was a cold spring morning in the city of London in England． （6）关于，对于 What do you think of Chinese food？ 你觉得中国食品怎么样？ 介词 for 的用法小结 1. 表示“当作、作为”。如: I like some bread and milk for breakfast. 我喜欢把面包和牛奶作为早餐。What will we have for supper? 我们晚餐吃什么?
2. 表示理由或原因,意为“因为、由于”。如: Thank you for helping me with my English. 谢谢你帮我学习英语。 Thank you for your last letter. 谢谢你上次的来信。 Thank you for teaching us so well. 感谢你如此尽心地教我们。 3. 表示动作的对象或接受者,意为“给……”、“对…… (而言)”。如: Let me pick it up for you. 让我为你捡起来。 Watching TV too much is bad for your health. 看电视太多有害于你的健康。 4. 表示时间、距离,意为“计、达”。如: I usually do the running for an hour in the morning. 我早晨通常跑步一小时。We will stay there for two days. 我们将在那里逗留两天。 5. 表示去向、目的,意为“向、往、取、买”等。如: let’s go for a walk. 我们出去散步吧。 I came here for my schoolbag.我来这儿取书包。 I paid twenty yuan for the dictionary. 我花了20元买这本词典。 6. 表示所属关系或用途,意为“为、适于……的”。如: It’s time for school. 到上学的时间了。 Here is a letter for you. 这儿有你的一封信。 7. 表示“支持、赞成”。如: Are you for this plan or against it? 你是支持还是反对这个计划? 8. 用于一些固定搭配中。如: Who are you waiting for? 你在等谁? For example, Mr Green is a kind teacher. 比如,格林先生是一位心地善良的老师。
For的用法 1. 表示“当作、作为”。如: I like some bread and milk for breakfast. 我喜欢把面包和牛奶作为早餐。 What will we have for supper? 我们晚餐吃什么? 2. 表示理由或原因,意为“因为、由于”。如: Thank you for helping me with my English. 谢谢你帮我学习英语。 3. 表示动作的对象或接受者,意为“给……”、“对…… (而言)”。如: Let me pick it up for you. 让我为你捡起来。 Watching TV too much is bad for your health. 看电视太多有害于你的健康。 4. 表示时间、距离,意为“计、达”。如: I usually do the running for an hour in the morning. 我早晨通常跑步一小时。 We will stay there for two days. 我们将在那里逗留两天。 5. 表示去向、目的,意为“向、往、取、买”等。如: Let’s go for a walk. 我们出去散步吧。 I came here for my schoolbag.我来这儿取书包。 I paid twenty yuan for the dictionary. 我花了20元买这本词典。 6. 表示所属关系或用途,意为“为、适于……的”。如: It’s time for school. 到上学的时间了。 Here is a letter for you. 这儿有你的一封信。 7. 表示“支持、赞成”。如: Are you for this plan or against it? 你是支持还是反对这个计划? 8. 用于一些固定搭配中。如: Who are you waiting for? 你在等谁? For example, Mr Green is a kind teacher. 比如,格林先生是一位心地善良的老师。 尽管for 的用法较多，但记住常用的几个就可以了。 to的用法: 一：表示相对，针对 be strange (common, new, familiar, peculiar) to This injection will make you immune to infection. 二：表示对比，比较 1：以-ior结尾的形容词，后接介词to表示比较，如：superior ,inferior,prior,senior,junior 2: 一些本身就含有比较或比拟意思的形容词，如equal，similar，equivalent，analogous A is similar to B in many ways.
介词for用法归纳 用法1：(表目的)为了。如： They went out for a walk. 他们出去散步了。 What did you do that for? 你干吗这样做？ That’s what we’re here for. 这正是我们来的目的。 What’s she gone for this time? 她这次去干什么去了？ He was waiting for the bus. 他在等公共汽车。 【用法说明】在通常情况下，英语不用for doing sth 来表示目的。如： 他去那儿看他叔叔。 误：He went there for seeing his uncle. 正：He went there to see his uncle. 但是，若一个动名词已名词化，则可与for 连用表目的。如： He went there for swimming. 他去那儿游泳。(swimming 已名词化) 注意：若不是表目的，而是表原因、用途等，则其后可接动名词。(见下面的有关用法) 用法2：(表利益)为，为了。如： What can I do for you? 你想要我什么？ We study hard for our motherland. 我们为祖国努力学习。 Would you please carry this for me? 请你替我提这个东西好吗？ Do more exercise for the good of your health. 为了健康你要多运动。 【用法说明】(1) 有些后接双宾语的动词(如buy, choose, cook, fetch, find, get, order, prepare, sing, spare 等)，当双宾语易位时，通常用for 来引出间接宾语，表示间接宾语为受益者。如： She made her daughter a dress. / She made a dress for her daughter. 她为她女儿做了件连衣裙。 He cooked us some potatoes. / He cooked some potatoes for us. 他为我们煮了些土豆。 注意，类似下面这样的句子必须用for： He bought a new chair for the office. 他为办公室买了张新办公椅。 (2) 注意不要按汉语字面意思，在一些及物动词后误加介词for： 他们决定在电视上为他们的新产品打广告。 误：They decided to advertise for their new product on TV. 正：They decided to advertise their new product on TV. 注：advertise 可用作及物或不及物动词，但含义不同：advertise sth＝为卖出某物而打广告；advertise for sth＝为寻找某物而打广告。如：advertise for a job=登广告求职。由于受汉语“为”的影响，而此处误加了介词for。类似地，汉语中的“为人民服务”，说成英语是serve the people，而不是serve for the people，“为某人的死报仇”，说成英语是avenge sb’s death，而不是avenge for sb’s death，等等。用法3：(表用途)用于，用来。如： Knives are used for cutting things. 小刀是用来切东西的。 This knife is for cutting bread. 这把小刀是用于切面包的。 It’s a machine for slicing bread. 这是切面包的机器。 The doctor gave her some medicine for her cold. 医生给了她一些感冒药。 用法4：为得到，为拿到，为取得。如： He went home for his book. 他回家拿书。 He went to his friend for advice. 他去向朋友请教。 She often asked her parents for money. 她经常向父母要钱。
of 1....的,属于 One of the legs of the table is broken. 桌子的一条腿坏了。 Mr.Brown is a friend of mine. 布朗先生是我的朋友。 2.用...做成的;由...制成 The house is of stone. 这房子是石建的。 3.含有...的;装有...的 4....之中的;...的成员 Of all the students in this class,Tom is the best. 在这个班级中,汤姆是最优秀的。 5.(表示同位) He came to New York at the age of ten. 他在十岁时来到纽约。 6.(表示宾格关系) He gave a lecture on the use of solar energy. 他就太阳能的利用作了一场讲演。 7.(表示主格关系) We waited for the arrival of the next bus. 我们等待下一班汽车的到来。
I have the complete works of Shakespeare. 我有莎士比亚全集。 8.来自...的;出自 He was a graduate of the University of Hawaii. 他是夏威夷大学的毕业生。 9.因为 Her son died of hepatitis. 她儿子因患肝炎而死。 10.在...方面 My aunt is hard of hearing. 我姑妈耳朵有点聋。 11.【美】(时间)在...之前 12.(表示具有某种性质) It is a matter of importance. 这是一件重要的事。 For 1.为,为了 They fought for national independence. 他们为民族独立而战。 This letter is for you. 这是你的信。
1.表示各种“目的”，用for （1）What do you study English for 你为什么要学英语？ （2）went to france for holiday. 她到法国度假去了。 （3）These books are written for pupils. 这些书是为学生些的。 （4）hope for the best, prepare for the worst. 作最好的打算，作最坏的准备。 2．“对于”用for （1）She has a liking for painting. 她爱好绘画。 （2）She had a natural gift for teaching. 她对教学有天赋/ 3．表示“赞成、同情”，用for （1）Are you for the idea or against it 你是支持还是反对这个想法？ （2）He expresses sympathy for the common people.. 他表现了对普通老百姓的同情。 （3）I felt deeply sorry for my friend who was very ill. 4. 表示“因为，由于”（常有较活译法），用for （1）Thank you for coming. 谢谢你来。
（2）France is famous for its wines. 法国因酒而出名。 5．当事人对某事的主观看法，“对于（某人），对…来说”，（多和形容词连用），用介词to，不用for. （1）He said that money was not important to him. 他说钱对他并不重要。 （2）To her it was rather unusual. 对她来说这是相当不寻常的。 （3）They are cruel to animals. 他们对动物很残忍。 6．和fit, good, bad, useful, suitable 等形容词连用，表示“适宜，适合”，用for。（1）Some training will make them fit for the job. 经过一段训练，他们会胜任这项工作的。 （2）Exercises are good for health. 锻炼有益于健康。 （3）Smoking and drinking are bad for health. 抽烟喝酒对健康有害。 （4）You are not suited for the kind of work you are doing. 7. 表示不定式逻辑上的主语，可以用在主语、表语、状语、定语中。 （1）It would be best for you to write to him. （2） The simple thing is for him to resign at once.
1.两者都可以引出间接宾语，但要根据不同的动词分别选用介词to 或for：(1) 在give, pass, hand, lend, send, tell, bring, show, pay, read, return, write, offer, teach, throw 等之后接介词to。 如： 请把那本字典递给我。 正：Please hand me that dictionary. 正：Please hand that dictionary to me. 她去年教我们的音乐。 正：She taught us music last year. 正：She taught music to us last year. (2) 在buy, make, get, order, cook, sing, fetch, play, find, paint, choose,prepare, spare 等之后用介词for 。如： 他为我们唱了首英语歌。 正：He sang us an English song. 正：He sang an English song for us. 请帮我把钥匙找到。 正：Please find me the keys. 正：Please find the keys for me. 能耽搁你几分钟吗(即你能为我抽出几分钟吗)? 正：Can you spare me a few minutes? 正：Can you spare a few minutes for me? 注：有的动词由于搭配和含义的不同，用介词to 或for 都是可能的。如：do sb a favour＝do a favour for sb 帮某人的忙 do sb harm＝do harm to sb 对某人有害
1. 两者都可以引出间接宾语，但要根据不同的动词分别选用介词to 或for： (1) 在give, pass, hand, lend, send, tell, bring, show, pay, read, return, write, offer, teach, throw 等之后接介词to。 如： 请把那本字典递给我。 正：Please hand me that dictionary. 正：Please hand that dictionary to me. 她去年教我们的音乐。 正：She taught us music last year. 正：She taught music to us last year. (2) 在buy, make, get, order, cook, sing, fetch, play, find, paint, choose,prepare, spare 等之后用介词for 。如： 他为我们唱了首英语歌。 正：He sang us an English song. 正：He sang an English song for us. 请帮我把钥匙找到。 正：Please find me the keys. 正：Please find the keys for me. 能耽搁你几分钟吗(即你能为我抽出几分钟吗)? 正：Can you spare me a few minutes? 正：Can you spare a few minutes for me? 注：有的动词由于搭配和含义的不同，用介词to 或for 都是可能的。如： do sb a favou r do a favour for sb 帮某人的忙 do sb harnn= do harm to sb 对某人有害
for的用法： 1. 表示“当作、作为”。如: I like some bread and milk for breakfast. 我喜欢把面包和牛奶作为早餐。 What will we have for supper? 我们晚餐吃什么? 2. 表示理由或原因,意为“因为、由于”。如: Thank you for helping me with my English. 谢谢你帮我学习英语。 Thank you for your last letter. 谢谢你上次的来信。 Thank you for teaching us so well. 感谢你如此尽心地教我们。 3. 表示动作的对象或接受者,意为“给……”、“对…… (而言)”。如: Let me pick it up for you. 让我为你捡起来。 Watching TV too much is bad for your health. 看电视太多有害于你的健康。 4. 表示时间、距离,意为“计、达”。如:
I usually do the running for an hour in the morning. 我早晨通常跑步一小时。 We will stay there for two days. 我们将在那里逗留两天。 5. 表示去向、目的,意为“向、往、取、买”等。如: Let’s go for a walk. 我们出去散步吧。 I came here for my schoolbag.我来这儿取书包。 I paid twenty yuan for the dictionary. 我花了20元买这本词典。 6. 表示所属关系或用途,意为“为、适于……的”。如: It’s time for school. 到上学的时间了。 Here is a letter for you. 这儿有你的一封信。 7. 表示“支持、赞成”。如: Are you for this plan or against it? 你是支持还是反对这个计划? 8. 用于一些固定搭配中。如:
加入收藏夹 主题： 介词试题It’s + 形容词 + of sb. to do sth.和It’s + 形容词 + for sb. to do sth.的用法区别。 内容： It's very nice___pictures for me. A.of you to draw B.for you to draw C.for you drawing C.of you drawing 提交人：杨天若时间：1/23/2008 20:5:54 主题：for 与of 的辨别 内容：It's very nice___pictures for me. A.of you to draw B.for you to draw C.for you drawing C.of you drawing 答：选A 解析：该题考查的句型It’s + 形容词+ of sb. to do sth.和It’s +形容词+ for sb. to do sth.的用法区别。 “It’s + 形容词+ to do sth.”中常用of或for引出不定式的行为者，究竟用of sb.还是用for sb.，取决于前面的形容词。 1) 若形容词是描述不定式行为者的性格、品质的，如kind，good，nice，right，wrong，clever，careless，polite，foolish等，用of sb. 例： It’s very kind of you to help me. 你能帮我，真好。 It’s clever of you to work out the maths problem. 你真聪明，解出了这道数学题。 2) 若形容词仅仅是描述事物，不是对不定式行为者的品格进行评价，用for sb.，这类形容词有difficult，easy，hard，important，dangerous，（im）possible等。例： It’s very dangerous for children to cross the busy street. 对孩子们来说，穿过繁忙的街道很危险。 It’s difficult for u s to finish the work. 对我们来说，完成这项工作很困难。 for 与of 的辨别方法： 用介词后面的代词作主语，用介词前边的形容词作表语，造个句子。如果道理上通顺用of，不通则用for. 如： You are nice.(通顺，所以应用of)。 He is hard.(人是困难的，不通，因此应用for.) 由此可知，该题的正确答案应该为A项。 提交人：f7_liyf 时间：1/24/2008 11:18:42
to和for的用法有什么不同（一） 一、引出间接宾语时的区别 两者都可以引出间接宾语，但要根据不同的动词分别选用介词to 或for，具体应注意以下三种情况： 1. 在give, pass, hand, lend, send, tell, bring, show, pay, read, return, write, offer, teach, throw 等之后接介词to。如： 请把那本字典递给我。 正：Please hand me that dictionary. 正：Please hand that dictionary to me. 她去年教我们的音乐。 正：She taught us music last year. 正：She taught music to us last year. 2. 在buy, make, get, order, cook, sing, fetch, play, find, paint, choose, prepare, spare 等之后用介词for 。如： 他为我们唱了首英语歌。 正：He sang us an English song. 正：He sang an English song for us. 请帮我把钥匙找到。 正：Please find me the keys. 正：Please find the keys for me. 能耽搁你几分钟吗(即你能为我抽出几分钟吗)? 正：Can you spare me a few minutes?
正：Can you spare a few minutes for me? 3. 有的动词由于用法和含义不同，用介词to 或for 都是可能的。如： do sb a favor＝do a favor for sb 帮某人的忙 do sb harm＝do harm to sb 对某人有害 在有的情况下，可能既不用for 也不用to，而用其他的介词。如： play sb a trick＝play a trick on sb 作弄某人 请比较： play sb some folk songs＝play some folk songs for sb 给某人演奏民歌 有时同一个动词，由于用法不同，所搭配的介词也可能不同，如leave sbsth 这一结构，若表示一般意义的为某人留下某物，则用介词for 引出间接宾语，即说leave sth for sb；若表示某人死后遗留下某物，则用介词to 引出间接宾语，即说leave sth to sb。如： Would you like to leave him a message? / Would you like to leave a message for him? 你要不要给他留个话？ Her father left her a large fortune. / Her father left a large fortune to her. 她父亲死后给她留下了一大笔财产。 二、表示目标或方向的区别 两者均可表示目标、目的地、方向等，此时也要根据不同动词分别对待。如： 1. 在come, go, walk, move, fly, ride, drive, march, return 等动词之后通常用介词to 表示目标或目的地。如： He has gone to Shanghai. 他到上海去了。 They walked to a river. 他们走到一条河边。
202X中考英语：to和for的区别与用法中考栏目我为考生们整理了“202X中考英语：to和for的区别与用法”，希望能帮到大家，想了解更多考试资讯，本网站的及时更新哦。 202X中考英语：to和for的区别与用法 to和for的区别与用法是什么 一般情况下, to后面常接对象; for后面表示原因与目的为多。 Thank you for helping me. Thanks to all of you. to sb. 表示对某人有直接影响比如，食物对某人好或者不好就用to; for 表示从意义、价值等间接角度来说，例如对某人而言是重要的，就用for. for和to这两个介词，意义丰富，用法复杂。这里仅就它们主要用法进行比较。 1. 表示各种“目的” 1. What do you study English for? 你为什么要学英语? 2. She went to france for holiday. 她到法国度假去了。 3. These books are written for pupils. 这些书是为学生些的。 4. hope for the best, prepare for the worst. 作最好的打算，作最坏的准备。
2.对于 1.She has a liking for painting. 她爱好绘画。 2.She had a natural gift for teaching. 她对教学有天赋。 3.表示赞成同情，用for不用to. 1. Are you for the idea or against it? 你是支持还是反对这个想法? 2. He expresses sympathy for the common people.. 他表现了对普通老百姓的同情。 3. I felt deeply sorry for my friend who was very ill. 4 for表示因为，由于(常有较活译法) 1.Thank you for coming. 谢谢你来。 2. France is famous for its wines. 法国因酒而出名。 5.当事人对某事的主观看法，对于(某人)，对?来说(多和形容词连用)用介词to，不用for.. He said that money was not important to him. 他说钱对他并不重要。 To her it was rather unusual. 对她来说这是相当不寻常的。 They are cruel to animals. 他们对动物很残忍。
keep的用法 1. 用作及物动词 ①意为"保存；保留；保持；保守"。如： Could you keep these letters for me, please? 你能替我保存这些信吗？ ②意为"遵守；维护"。如： Everyone must keep the rules. 人人必须遵守规章制度。 The teacher is keeping order in class.老师正在课堂上维持秩序。 ③意为"使……保持某种(状态、位置或动作等)"。这时要在keep的宾语后接补足语，构 成复合宾语。其中宾语补足语通常由形容词、副词、介词短语、现在分词和过去分词等充当。如： 例：We should keep our classroom clean and tidy.(形容词) 我们应保持教室整洁干净。 You'd better keep the child away from the fire.(副词)你最好让孩子离火远一点。 The bad weather keeps us inside the house.(介词短语)坏天气使我们不能出门。 Don't keep me waiting for long.(现在分词)别让我等太久。 The other students in the class keep their eyes closed.(过去分词) 班上其他同学都闭着眼睛。 2. 用作连系动词 构成系表结构：keep＋表语，意为"保持，继续(处于某种状态)"。其中表语可用形容词、副词、介词短语等充当。如： 例：You must look after yourself and keep healthy.(形容词) 你必须照顾好自己，保持身体健康。 Keep off the grass.(副词)请勿践踏草地。 Traffic in Britain keeps to the left.(介词短语)英国的交通是靠左边行驶的。 注意：一般情况下，keep后接形容词较为多见。再如： She knew she must keep calm.她知道她必须保持镇静。 Please keep silent in class.课堂上请保持安静。 3. ①keep doing sth. 意为"继续干某事"，表示不间断地持续干某事，keep后不 能接不定式或表示静止状态的v-ing形式，而必须接延续性的动词。 例：He kept working all day, because he wanted to finish the work on time. 他整天都在不停地工作，因为他想准时完成工作。 Keep passing the ball to each other, and you'll be OK.坚持互相传球，你们就
to , of 和for的区别 1.to有到的意思，常常和go，come，get连用引出地点。Go to school , go to the shop , go to the cinema. 常见的短语：the way to 去---的路 On one’s way to 在某人去---的路上 以上的用法中，当地点是副词home，here，there等是to 要去掉。如：get home，the way here To后跟动词原形，是不定式的标志 It is +形容词+(for/of +人+)to do sth.(括号内部分可以省略) It is easy for me to learn English. It is very kind of you to lend me your money. 当形容词表示人的行为特征时用of表示to do的性质时用for Want, hope ,decide, plan , try , fail等词后跟to do I want to join the swimming club. Would like to do I’d like to play basketball with them. It is time to have a break. Next to , close to , from ---to--- 2.for 为，表示目的。 Thank you for Buy sth for sb =buy sb sth It is time for bed. Here is a letter for you.
I will study for our country. 3.of表示所属关系意思是：---的 a map of the world a friend of mine
for和of引导的不定式结构的区别 不定式是一种非谓语动词，不能单独作谓语，因此没有语法上的主语。但由于不定式表示的是动作，在意义上可以有它的主体。我们称之为逻辑主语。 提起不定式逻辑主语，人们首先想到的会是“for+名词（宾格代词）+不定式”的复合结构。如：It is important for us to study English well．然而，有时不定式的逻辑主语须要用“of+名词（代词宾格）”才行。例如：It is kind of you to help me．而不能说：It is kind for you to help me．在选择介词“for”还是“of”时，人们往往总是凭感觉而定。有时受习惯影响，多选介词“for”。于是常出现这样的错误：It was careless for him to lose his way．It is cruel for you to do so．由于众多语法书对这种结构中使用“for”与“of”的区别介绍甚少，一些人对其概念认识尚不完全清楚，笔者认为有必要就这一问题作些探讨与介绍。 一、在句中的语法作用不同 a．不定式for结构在句中可以作主、宾、表、定、状、同位语： 1．It is easy for Tom to do this work．（主语）汤姆做此工作是容易的。 2．I'd like for him to come here．（宾语）我喜欢他来这里。 3．His idea is for us to travel in two different groups．（表语）他的想法是：我们分成两组旅行。 4．Have you heard about the plan for you to go abroad．（定语）你听到让你出国的计划吗？ 5．The word is too difficult for him to pronounce well．（状语）这单词太难，他念不准。 6．In the most schools，it is the custom for the headmaster to declare the newterm start．在大部分学校，校长宣布新学期开始是一个习惯。 b．不定式of结构只能在句中作主语。 1．It was careless of him to leave his umbrella in the train．他把伞丢在火车上真是太粗心了。 2．It is awfully good of you to come to see me off at the station．谢谢你来车站送我。 二、逻辑主语的名词有所不同
for 表原因、目的 of 表从属关系 介词of的用法 （1）所有关系 this is a picture of a classroom （2）部分关系 a piece of paper a cup of tea a glass of water a bottle of milk what kind of football，american of soccer？ （3）描写关系 a man of thirty 三十岁的人 a man of shanghai 上海人 （4）承受动作 the exploitation of man by man．人对人的剥削。 （5）同位关系 it was a cold spring morning in the city of london in england． （6）关于，对于 what do you think of chinese food？ 你觉得中国食品怎么样？ 介词for 的用法小结 1. 表示“当作、作为”。如: i like some bread and milk for breakfast. 我喜欢把面包和牛奶作为早餐。what will we have for supper? 我们晚餐吃什么? 2. 表示理由或原因,意为“因为、由于”。如: thank you for helping me with my english. 谢谢你帮我学习英语。 thank you for your last letter. 谢谢你上次的来信。 thank you for teaching us so well. 感谢你如此尽心地教我们。 3. 表示动作的对象或接受者,意为“给……”、“对…… (而言)”。如:
介词for用法完全归纳 ？ 本站特约作者陈根花 ？ 用法1：(表目的)为了。如： They went out for a walk. 他们出去散步了。 What did you do that for 你干吗这样做？ That’s what we’re here for. 这正是我们来的目的。 What’s she gone for this time 她这次去干什么去了？ He was waiting for the bus. 他在等公共汽车。 【用法说明】在通常情况下，英语不用 for doing sth 来表示目的。如： 他去那儿看他叔叔。 误：He went there for seeing his uncle. 正：He went there to see his uncle. 但是，若一个动名词已名词化，则可与 for 连用表目的。如： He went there for swimming. 他去那儿游泳。(swimming 已名词化) 注意：若不是表目的，而是表原因、用途等，则其后可接动名词。(见下面的有关用法) 用法2：(表利益)为，为了。如： What can I do for you 你想要我什么？ We study hard for our motherland. 我们为祖国努力学习。 Would you please carry this for me 请你替我提这个东西好吗？ Do more exercise for the good of your health. 为了健康你要多运动。【用法说明】(1) 有些后接双宾语的动词(如 buy, choose, cook, fetch, find, get, order, prepare, sing, spare 等)，当双宾语易位时，通常用 for 来引出间接宾语，表示间接宾语为受益者。如： She made her daughter a dress. / She made a dress for her daughter. 她为她女儿做了件连衣裙。 He cooked us some potatoes. / He cooked some potatoes for us. 他为我们煮了些土豆。 注意，类似下面这样的句子必须用 for： He bought a new chair for the office. 他为办公室买了张新办公椅。 (2) 注意不要按汉语字面意思，在一些及物动词后误加介词 for： 他们决定在电视上为他们的新产品打广告。 误：They decided toadvertise for their new product on TV. 正：They decided to advertise their new product on TV. 注：advertise 可用作及物或不及物动词，但含义不同：advertise sth＝为卖出某物而打广告；advertise for sth＝为寻找某物而打广告。如：advertise for a job=登广告求职。由于受汉语“为”的影响，而此处误加了介词 for。类似地，汉语中的“为人民服务”，说成英语是 serve the people，而不是 serve for the people，“为某人的死报仇”，说成英语是avenge sb’s death，而不是 avenge for sb’s death，等等。