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2011年同等学力英语基础班翻译讲义

 2011同等学力英语申硕基础班翻译讲义

主讲:武 峰

欢迎使用新东方在线电子教材


第一讲 翻译定语从句
定语从句的种类
定语从句可分为非限定性定语从句(描绘性定语从句)和限定性定语从句。
e.g.: They don't like that person who is noisy.
他们不喜欢那个吵闹的人。
*限定性定语从句和先行词关系紧密,不可省略。
e.g.: They don't like that person, who is noisy.
他们不喜欢那个人,因为他太吵闹了。
*非限定性定语从句(描绘性定语从句)和先行词关系疏松,用逗号和主句隔开,可以省略。
它翻译时,相当于一个状语从句。
1.The Greeks assumed that the structure of language had some connection with the process of
thought, which took roots in Europe long before people realized how diverse languages could be.
2.Behaviorists suggest that the child who is raised in an environment where there are many
stimuli which develop his or her capacity for appropriate response will experience greater
intellectual development.
3.Prior to the twentieth century, women in novels were stereotypes of lacking any features that
made them unique individuals and were also subject to numerous restrictions imposed by the
male-dominated culture.
4.They (the poor) are the first to experience technological progress as a curse which destroys the
old muscle-power jobs that previous generations used as a means to fight their way out of poverty.
5.The number of the young people in the United States who can't read is incredible about one in
four.
6.Although Gutman admits that forced separation by sale was frequent,he shows that the slaves'
preference,revealed most clearly on plantations where sale was infrequent,was very much for
stable monogamy.
7.This preference for exogamy,Gutman suggests,may have derived from West African rules
governing marriage,which,though they differed from one tribal group to another,all involved
some kind of prohibition against unions with close kin.
8.同等学历(在职硕士)英语水平统一考试翻译1994年真题
在我们这个时代,任何人想要在社会上起到所希望起的作用,必须接受必要的教育。随
着科学的进步,在中小学开设了越来越多的课程。与过去的教育相比,现代教育更重视实用
性。
参考译文:
In our times,anyone who wants to play an important role in a society as he wishes must
receive necessary education.With the development of science,more courses are offered in
primary schools and middle schools.Compared with the old education,modem education places
its stress on practicality.
9. 同等学历(在职硕士)英语水平统一考试翻译1996年真题
在过去的几十年里,可能没有任何话题比领导艺术更受到管理研究者的关注,在管理人
员的

培训和开发方面,领导艺术也是最热闹的话题之一。这表明专业管理人员对探索卓有成
效的领导艺术的奥秘很感兴趣。
参考译文:
Over the past few decades,perhaps no topic has drawn more attention from management
researchers than the art of leadership.It is also one of the hottest topics in the management
training and development,which shows that professional management are interested in
discovering the secrets to effective leadership.




第二讲 增词与减词

一般来说,英译汉增词,汉译英减词。
增词的主要种类有:
1.He wished that he had asked her to dance, and that he knew her name.
2.我进去看了,只记得门警是瑞士兵士,穿着黄色的制服,别的没有印象了。
3.Their galabias and turbans stained by the sweat and dirt of a long day's work, they sat in front
of a wayside shop, enjoying three of the best things in life along the Nile --- tea, conversation, and
the water pipe.
4.The samples of soil from various depths are examined for traces of oil.
5.For the international community the most striking consequence of these changes is that China
has grown to be the world's eleventh largest economy, and is set to grow further.
6.1998年是联合国确定的国际海洋年,中国政府愿借此机会介绍中国海洋事业发展的情况。
7.中国有12亿多人口,陆地自然资源人均占有量低于世界平均水平。
8.目前,中国的粮食单产水平与世界粮食高产的国家相比还是比较低的,中国要在短时间
内达到粮食高产国家的水平难度较大,但是经过努力是完全可以实现的。
9. 在播种面积相对稳定的前提下,只要1996年到2010年粮食单产年均递增1%,2011年到
2030年年均递增0.7%,就可以达到预期的粮食总产量目标。
10. Before 1760, it was standard to take work to villagers in their own homes. By 1820, it was
standard to bring workers into a factory and have them overseen.
11. Despite the great gains in industry, agriculture remained the nation's basic occupation.
12. The resounding success of the Cucarao experiment whetted the appetites of Florida livestock
raisers for a similar feat that would relieve them of the scourge of screw-worm.
13. The first day was crossed out, and the last thought which went through my mind at the end of
this important day was: After all --- I do not belong here; I am just loaned.
14.同等学历(在职硕士)英语水平统一考试翻译2000年真题
文化是不同国家的人们互相理解的最佳媒体。通过举办文化节,许多中国城市在世界上
的知名度提高了。已经证明,对促进中国人民和世界其他地方人民之前的交流来说,这是最
好的途径之一。这种交流不仅仅限于文化方面,还扩大到了经济和其他领域。
参考译文:
Cul

ture is the best medium for different people of different countries to understand each other
Through holding cultural festivals,many cities in China have become better known to the world It
has been proved that this is one of the best ways to promote the exchange between the Chinese
people and people from other parts of the world.The exchange has not only been confined to
culture but extended to the economic and other fields.



第三讲 主谓搭配

一般来说,汉语的主语较长,谓语和宾语较短。而英语则是主谓宾分配比较均匀。
1.合营企业的形式为有限责任公司。

2.合营者的注册资本如果转让必须经过各方同意。

3.合营企业的有关外汇事宜,应遵照中华人民共和国外汇管理条例办理。

4.合营企业所需要的原材料、燃料、配套件等,应尽先在中国购买,也可由合营企业自筹
外汇,直接在国际市场上购买。


5.正副总经理(或正副厂长)由合营各方分别担任。

6.合营企业的一切活动应当遵照中华人民共和国法律、法令和有关条例的规定。

7.鼓励合营企业向中国境外销售产品。

8.鼓励外国合营者将可汇出的外汇存入中国银行。

9.同等学历(在职硕士)英语水平统一考试翻译2001年真题
过去50年其实并不是发明创新的黄金时期。从1900年到1950年,改变人类生活的发
明有汽车、飞机、电话、收音机、电视机--当然还有核武器和计算机。而近50年来,只
有为数不多的发明。难道发明的源泉已经枯竭了吗?答案并非如此。事实上,发明的新时代
刚刚开始。
参考译文:
Actually the last fifty years was not the golden age of invention and innovation.From l 900
to 1950,human life was transformed by such inventions as cars,airplanes,telephones,radios and
television sets,not to mention nuclear weapons and the computers.In the recent 50 years only a
few inventions have been made.Has the wellspring of invention been drying up? Not
likely.Indeed,a new age of invention is just beginning.




第四部分 被动语态的翻译方法

1. Today this treasury of silt is trapped behind the dam, and there is no effective system.
现在宝贵的泥沙由水坝拦住了,却没有除盐的有效办法。
2. Yet the Nile has been changed by modern man in ways not yet fully understood.
然而现代的人却让尼罗河发生了变化,不过就连他们自己也不完全了解尼罗河究竟发生了什
么变化。
3. Because it is very slippery, it is used for lubrication.
因为它非常润滑,所以可以用作润滑剂。
4. Vegetable oil has been known from antiquity.
植物油自古以来就为人们所熟悉。
5. When the crude oil is obtained from the field, it is taken to the refinery to be treated. The
commonest form of treatment

is heating. When the oil is heating, the first vapors to rise are cooled
and become the finest petrol. Petrol has a low boiling point; if a little is poured into the hand, it
soon vaporized. Gas that comes off the oil later is condensed into paraffin. Last of all the
lubricating oils of various grades are produced. What remains is heavy oil that is used as fuel.
油田打出原油以后,便送到炼油厂去处理。最普通的处理就是加热。石油经过加热,最先冒
出来的蒸汽冷却后就是质量最高的汽油。汽油的沸点低,倒一点在手上,很快就挥发了。随
后从石油分离出来的气体可以浓缩为煤油。最后产生的是各种等级的润滑油。剩下的便是重
油了,可以用作燃料。
6.It is not known how rare this resemblance is,or whether it is most often seen in inclusions of
silicates such as garnet,whose crystallography is generally somewhat similar to that of diamond;
but when present,the resemblance is regarded as compelling evidence that the diamonds and
inclusions are truly co genetic.
现在尚不知这种类似稀少到何种地步,也不知道是否它最常见于象石榴石一类的硅酸盐内含
物中,而这类物质的晶体结构普遍地在某种程度上类似于金刚石的晶体结构。但一旦存在,
这种类似就被视作极有说服力的证据,证明金刚石与内含物确是同源的。
定语从句
非限定性定语从句
范畴词
换主语
新东方在线 [https://www.doczj.com/doc/479106184.html, ] 2011同等学力英语网络课堂电子教材系列 基础班翻译


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