2010年专接本辅导材料汇总
Grammar Exercises （语法结构辅导）
1. _____ harder, you would have passed this exam.
A. If you have worked
B. If you worked
C. Were you to work
D. Had you worked
2. _____for Jane, we would have lost the tennis match very badly.
A. Had it not been
B. Were it not been
C. If it has not been
D. If it was
3. If I _____ Mr. Jones was in the hospital, I _____ him a note and some flowers.
A. knew, would send
B. had known, would have sent
C. knew, would have sent
D. had known, would send
4. _____ ten minutes earlier, they would have found a few empty seats on the bus.
A. If they arrived
B. Had they arrived
C. If they have arrived
D. Did they arrived
5. If he _____ so much money, he would be rich today.
A. didn‘t spend
B. wasn‘t spent
C. hadn‘t spent
D. wasn‘t spending
6. But for the rush hour traffic, we _____ to the airport an hour earlier.
A. could have got
B. should have got
C. could get
D. should get
7. Without the sun, life as we know it _____.
A. would not exist
B. would not have existed
C. did not exist
D. was not existing
8. It‘s expected that the new highway _____ completed by next June.
A. would be
B. will have been
C. has been
D. had been
9. Be quick, or the train _____ by the time we get to the station.
A. leaves
B. has left
C. would leave
D. will have left
10. When you get home at seven o‘clock tonight, I _____ reading this book.
A. have finished
B. finish
C. will have finished
D. finished
11. By the end of last week, all students _____ from their holidays.
A. had returned
B. would return
C. returned
D. was returning
12. When he opened his bag on the train, he found that he _____ to put the clean shoes in.
A. forgot
B. forget
C. had forgot
D. would forget
13. She _____ in the elementary school since she graduated from college in 1990.
A. taught
B. has been teaching
C. was teaching
D. has taught
14. Didn‘t you see what the naughty boy _____ to our neighbor‘s pet dog?
A. does
B. has done
C. had done
D. would do
15. We _____ this visit for months －you can not cancel it now.
A. planned
B. have planned
C. have been planning
D. had planned
16. When _____ to dinner at the restaurant, she seemed very happy and accepted the invitation.
A. invited
B. to be invited
C. inviting
D. having invited
17. The new president is reported _____ the U.S. after he takes office in the capital.
A. to be visiting
B. to visit
C. to have visited
D. visiting
18. We were surprised when we saw the factory. We had imagined it _____ much bigger.
A. having been
B. to be
C. be
D. being
19. When talking about the position of manager, I thought him _____ an excellent choice.
A. have been
B. be
C. to be
D. being
20. He was relieved _____ that his son had been rescued from the wrecked ship.
A. to learn
B. learn
C. learning
D. for learn
21. The noise in the factory was too loud for anyone _____ a conversation there.
A. have
B. to have
C. having
D. had
22. _____ the risk, they evacuated everybody from the danger zone.
A. Reducing
B. To reduce
C. Only to reduce
D. In order reduce
23. When _____ from the earth, the stars seem to be tiny dots.
A. see
B. seeing
C. seen
D. to see
24. While _____ television, people may take in more food than they want.
A. watched
B. watch
C. watching
D. to watch
25. I called Mr. Smith at his office this morning, but the voice _____ answered the phone was not his.
A. which
B. who
C. as
D. whom
26. As soon as he comes back, I‘ll tell him when _____ and see him.
A. will you come
B. do you come
C. you will come
D. you come
27. _____ when he started the research, he never gave up trying new ways to increase the production.
A. How old he was
B. As he was old
C. However old he was
D. Old as he was
28. Mary has never been to Tibet, but that‘s the only place _____.
A. what she most wants to visit
B. where she most wants to visit
C. which she wants to visit most
D. that she wants to visit most
29. Picasso is said to be one of the greatest artists _____ has ever lived.
A. what
B. which
C. that
D. whom
30. The name of the castle came from the time _____ it was dominated by a duke.
A. when
B. what
C. which
D. why
31. Would you kindly tell me _____ get rid of air pollution in cities?
A. how can we
B. how we can
C. how do we
D. how will we
32. _____, he had no intention of wasting for three hours.
A. Though patient he was
B. As patient he was
C. How patient was he
D. Patient as he was
33. _____ surprised us was that he came back with nothing in hand.
A. What
B. That
C. Which
D. How
34. He has never been to London before, _____ he knows everything about the people and the customs there.
A. and
B. but
C. for
D. so
35. I will be back tomorrow _____ there is a plane strike.
A. but
B. and
C. unless
D. if not
36. _____ you are not busy, could you help me with this work?
A. Because
B. As long as
C. Although
D. In order that
37. _____ you have learned Spanish, you will find Italian much easier.
A. Although
B. Since
C. Once
D. As soon as
38. There _____ have been three of them, all hiding in the attic.
A. could
B. should
C. must
D. would
39. You are coughing and sneezing. You _____ terrible.
A. could
B. should
C. would
D. must
40. －How did these books get on the floor?
－They _____ off the shelf.
A. would have fallen
B. could have fallen
C. must have fallen
D. should have fallen
41. Your hair needs _____. You‘d better have it done today.
A. cut
B. to cut
C. cutting
D. being cut
42. The dog needs _____. He has been digging in the mud.
A. to wash
B. washing
C. wash
D. to be washing
43. You _____ here. We have got plenty.
A. needn‘t bring
B. don‘t need to bring
C. needn‘t have brought
D. don‘t have to bring
44. We are playing golf this afternoon, weather _____.
A. permits
B. to permit
C. permitting
D. permitted
45. Nobody _____ any more to say, the meeting was considered closed.
A. have
B. has
C. having
D. had
46.He rushed into the room, his face _____ with sweat.
A. covered
B. covering
C. cover
D. covers
47. With winter _____ on, it is time to go shopping and buy some warm clothes.
A. come
B. coming
C. comes
D. came
48. －There is someone knocking at the door. Who could _____ be?
－I have no idea.
A. he
B. it
C. she
D. that
49. _____ had never occurred to me that he should have some deep personal objection.
A. It
B. that
C. What
D. This
50. Little _____ about his situation though he was in great danger himself.
A. did he care
B. he cared
C. does he care
D. he cares
51. Little _____ of what is going on behind the scenes when the performance is on.
A. did she know
B. does she know
C. she knows
D. had she know
52. Never _____ adequately tested by any properly qualified technician before it was applied.
A. did this instrument
B. was this instrument been
C. does this instrument
D. has this instrument been
53. It was not until December 25 _____ we finally heard from him.
A. which
B. that
C. when
D. then
54. It was _____ the child fell asleep that the mother left the room.
A. till
B. not till
C. until
D. not until
55. I did not learn to drive _____ I was thirty-three years old and bought my own car.
A. not until
B. till
C. not till
D. until
56. No sooner had the thief disappeared into a side street _____.
A. than the police arrived
B. as the police arrived
C. then the police arrived
D. when the police arrived
57. _____ got outside than it began to rain.
A. No sooner did I
B. No sooner had I
C. Scarcely did I
D. Scarcely had I
58. At one time we had about eighty people here who did nothing but _____ into his family history.
A. researched
B. to research
C. researching
D. research
59. We were in such an emergency that we had nothing to do but _____ his direction.
A. followed
B. follow
C. following
D. to follow
60. He didn‘t keep on asking me for a ride as he had already got his own car _____.
A. repair
B. repairing
C. repaired
D. to repair
61. It is upsetting when a person gets _____ for a crime that he did not commit.
A. punish
B. punishing
C. punished
D. to punish
Vocabulary Exercises （词汇练习）
62. The new technique will _____ them to double their production.
A. arrange
B. engage
C. persuade
D. enable
63. The soldiers _____ some victories on their way back to London.
A. accomplished
B. achieved
C. acknowledged
D. acquired
64. The police seemed to _____ him of selling state secrets.
A. respect
B. suspect
C. aspect
D. doubt
65. The poor girl _____ to be the daughter of a well-known business man.
A. acclaimed
B. claimed
C. reclaimed
D. declared
66. The Prime Minister _____ that he would visit France next month.
A. affirmed
B. justified
C. confronted
D. confirmed
67. The lady _____ the bag as hers by telling what it contained.
A. justified
B. told
C. recognized
D. identified
68. As soon as he saw me, he _____ that there was something wrong.
A. smelled
B. touched
C. watched
D. sensed
69. He glanced at the envelope and _____ his uncle‘s handwriting.
A. realized
B. reviewed
C. recognized
D. recommended
70. When _____ the full implication of the question, he decided to fight back.
A. realizing
B. reviewing
C. recognizing
D. recommending
71. He felt that he could not _____ the pain any longer.
A. detect
B. delete
C. endure
D. engage
72. Some animals can _____ in the desert on very little water.
A. surround
B. survey
C. survive
D. suspect
73. After I had finished speaking, the chairman _____ to stop for a while.
A. suggested
B. insisted
C. demanded
D. proposed
74. I hear that Peter _____ Maggie to spend summer holidays together.
A. advised
B. suggested
C. demanded
D. required
75. C Passengers should allow for _____ travel time to the airport in rush hour traffic.
A. actual
B. exact
C. accurate
D. additional
76. The twins are so _____ that I can not tell which is which.
A. same
B. similar
C. alike
D. like
77. The laboratory is conducting experiments with a dozen _____ monkeys.
A. lively
B. alive
C. living
D. live
78. The patient seems more _____ today; he must be feeling better.
A. lively
B. alive
C. living
D. live
79. C These figures are based on the _____ that the economy will continue to improve.
A. preparation
B. foundation
C. impression
D. expectation
80. The country had twice as much shipbuilding _____ as it needed in 2008.
A. capacity
B. capability
C. ability
D. power
81. His _____ never seems to give out even after hours of work.
A. power
B. ability
C. energy
D. capability
82.I still had the _____ that the work contained some good things.
A. belief
B. confidence
C. care
D. confirmation
83. Miss Smith had no friends and seldom had visitors, _____ her sister who came over occasionally for tea.
A. apart from
B. in addition to
C. besides
D. except
84. I think there are nine pounds left, _____ some pennies.
A. apart from
B. in addition to
C. besides
D. except
85. I wish the boy would be more _____ to his father.
A. respectable
B. respective
C. respectful
D. respected
86. Rooms for men and women are on the first and second floors _____.
A. respectably
B. respectively
C. respectfully
D. respected
87. Mr. Black has _____ arrived in New York and will meet with us on Monday morning.
A. still
B. yet
C. already
D. barely
88. I do not like him because he always _____ when others are talking.
A. cuts out
B. cuts down
C. cuts across
D. cuts in
89. Don‘t bother to look for my umbrella; it will _____ some day.
A. turn on
B. turn up
C. turn out
D. turn over
90. The couple had to _____ getting rid of smoking because they want to have a baby.
A. set out
B. set about
C. set off
D. set aside
91. The theory that the earth was spherical, and not flat, was scoffed at when it was first _____.
A. put forward
B. put off
C. put in
D. put down
92. In the dark it was hard for us to _____ the numbers on the house.
A. make over
B. make out
C. make up
D. make for
93. He likes to _____ on his high-school days, which were among the happiest in his life.
A. look down
B. look back
C. look up
D. look forward
94. I will never tell you another secret if you let this one _____.
A. in
B. up
C. out
D. off
95. When the young mother found that the baby still had a high temperature after twelve hours, she decided to _____ a doctor.
A. go into
B. go off
C. around
D. for
96. I tried to catch the ball, but it was _____ my reach.
A. over
B. above
C. out
D. beyond
97. Each morning the doctor would come and examined the patient with _____.
A. ease
B. pleasure
C. care
D. delight
98. I have come to the _____ that it would be unwise to accept his proposal.
A. idea
B. confirmation
C. conclusion
D. information
99. In the world there is no medicine that can _____ a man of discontent.
A. help
B. cure
C. treat
D. heal
100. We all agree that a long dress is appropriate _____ a formal wedding.
A. to
B. for
C. with
D. on
Applied Writing实用写作
I 专升本考试大致分析
写作部分在历年专升本考试中所占的分值比例为15%。这一部分不仅考察考生对基础知识的掌握情况，而且是对考生的英语实际运用能力进行检测。
近几年专升本试题中的写作部分，均是要求考生进行实用性写作。考生需要在理解所给信息的基础上，写出一篇100字左右的文章。试卷上没有写作时间的限制，但是按照一般出题规律，写作时间和分值应该成比例，15分钟左右完成为佳。
II 实用写作复习指导
一、个人资料表单
(I)表单的种类
填写表格主要包括填写个人简历（resume）和申请表（application form）。
1个人简历
个人简历是求职者生活经历的简述，一般以大纲或一览表的形式表示，其目的是让招聘单位尽快地了解求职者的基本情况。完整的简历应包括以下内容：
Personal Data:（个人资料）
Name：（姓名）Sex：（性别）Date of Birth：（出生日期）
Place of Birth：（出生地点）Nationality（国籍/民族）Marital Status：（婚姻状况）
Height：（身高）Weight：（体重）Health：（健康状况）
Present Address：（现地址）Permanent Address：（永久地址）
Telephone No：（联系电话）E-mail Address：（电子邮箱）
Job Objective：（求职目标）
Education：（教育程度：从中学开始,包括就读学校名称、时间、所学专业和取得的学位等）
Work Experience：（工作经历：一般采用从最近往前的时间顺序列举从事过的工作，包括工作单位名称、地址、日期、个人职位、工作职责以及成就）
Awards & Organization:（奖励和社会活动）
Hobbies/Specialities:（个人爱好或特长）
2（二）出国学习申请表
出国留学的人在拿到录取通知书之后就必须申请目的国的签证。英语国家的签证申请表格大同小异。表格的填写简单方便，一般附有填写要求。申请人要根据自己的实际情况认真、清楚地逐项填写。签证申请表一般包括以下项目：
Passport Number（护照号），Place of Issuance（签发地点，包括国家、省份、城市），Issuing Country（签发国家），Issuance Date（签发日期），Expiration Date（有效期），Surname or Family Name（姓），First Name （名），Place of Birth（出生地），Nationality（国籍），Sex，Home address，Home Telephone Number，Mobile/Cell Number，Marital Status（婚姻状况），Name and address of present Employer or School Name(现任雇主的姓名和住址)，Present Occupation（现居何职），What address will you stay in…？（在目的国的居住地址），How long do you intend to stay in…？（在目的国的居留时间），Purpose of the trip（此次行程
目的）等内容。
(II) 范例
范例1 请根据Peter Chen的情况为他写一封个人简历。他生于1971年5月6日，未婚，现居北京市海淀区中关村一街学知园2号。受教育情况：1983-1989 海淀一中，所学学科：英语，中文，数学，地理，历史，物理，化学。1989-1991 北京工商大学，主修学科：商业交流，商法，商业构成，经济学，金融学，统计，计算机，于1991年取得商科学士学位。工作经历：1991-1996，在联想公司任销售部会计，1996-1999，销售部经理的财务助理，1999-2004，任ABC公司的财务总监。个人爱好：游泳，网球和上网。
RESUME
Personal Data
Name: Peter Chen
Date of Birth: 6 May ,1971
Marital Status: unmarried
Present Address: 2, XueZhiY uan, Zhong Guan Cun No.1 Street, HaiDian District, Beijing
Education
1.1983-1989 HaiDian No.1 Middle School
subjects studied：English, Chinese, Maths, Geography, History, Physics, Chemistry
2.1989-1991Beijing Commercial and Business University
1) Major subjects studied: business communication, commercial law, structure of business, economics,
finance, statistics, computer skills
2) Degree: Bachelor of commerce in 1991
Employment Experience
1.1991-1996 Accountant in marketing department of Lenovo Company
2.1996-1999 financial assistant to the marketing manager of Lenovo
3.1999-2004 CFO in ABC Company
Hobbies
Swimming, playing tennis and net surfing
(III)练习
以王晓丽的名义，按照下面所给信息填写申请表（部分）。
姓名：王晓丽性别：女出生日期：1980年1月1日
地址：南京市中山路123号邮编：210001 电话：025-********
受教育经历：1998年至2001年在南京技术学院主修计算机，以优异成绩毕业，并通过英语应用能力考试。
Words for reference:技术学院Technical College
Application Form (Part)
Name_____ ___ _ _____________________________
Last (Family Name) First
Present Mailing address ________________________
Street Address
City Country
Post Code
Home Telephone _________︱____________
Area Code
Date of birth ______︱______︱______
day month year
Sex __ _____________
Education Experience:
二、Letters（信函）
（一）Application Letter（求职信）
(I) 求职信的写作特点
求职信从根本上说是推销信，求职者推销自己的技能、能力和知识。求职信的直接目的是引起雇主的注意，最终目的是获得工作面试。
一封成功的求职信要做到三个方面：引起读者的兴趣，说服读者你有资格受到考虑，和请求面试。
求职信应该提供下列信息：
1）谋求的工作和获悉空缺的渠道。
2）一两点可使未来雇主满意的特殊资历。
3）提供事实依据论证第二段中的要点。
4）请求面试。
(II) 求职信的格式( Layout)
1. Heading or letterhead (Sender’s address and date of the letter) 信头
The sender‘s address is written on the top right-hand side of the paper. The date is written below the sender‘s address, sometimes separated from it by a space.
Acceptable expressions of dates:
1) 11th January (,) 2005 2) 11 January (,) 2005 3) January 11 (,) 2005
Unacceptable expressions of dates:
11.1.2005 (which means 11th January 2005 in the UK but 1st November 2005 in the USA)
2. Inside (or receiver’s) address信内地址
This is written below the sender‘s address and on the opposite side of the page.
Order of the inside address:
Name of the person and / or company receiving the letter
Name of house or building
Name of building and name of street or road
Name of town or city and postcode
Name of country
Punctuation: If the punctuation is used, each line of the address is followed by a comma except the last line.
3. Salutations（称呼）
Dear Sir—to a man whose name you do not know
Dear Sirs—to a company
Dear Madam—to a woman, whether single or married, whose name you don‘t know
Dear Sir or Madam—to a person of whom you don‘t know neither the name nor the sex
Dear + courtesy title + the person‘s surname: Dear Mr Smith
4. The body of the letter（正文）
This may be indented（首行缩进式）or blocked（齐头式）, which is a matter of choice. But whichever style you use, you must be consistent an use that style all through the letter.
5. Complimentary close（客套结束语）
If the letter begins with Dear sir, Dear Sirs, Dear Madam, Dear Sir or Madam, it will close with Yours faithfully. If the letter begins with (Dear + ) the receiver‘s name, e.g. Dar Mr smith, it will close with Yours sincerely, which is less formal and often used between acquaintances or friends.
6. Signature（签名）
Always type your name after your handwritten signature. Even though you may think your signature is easy to read.
(III) 常用句式
1. Sentences usually used to begin an application letter:
At the recent convention in (Detroit), I learned that (Kauffman Institutional Equipment Inc.) has an opening for a (regional sales manager). Please consider me a candidate for the job.
Please consider my application for the position of (Computer Programmer), as advertised in (The China Daily) of (March 14, 2004).
I saw your advertisement for a (clerk) in (the United Daily News yesterday) and I beg to tender my
application for the post.
The sales job which you described in your advertisement in (Mirror) of April 19 is one for which I think I can show you some excellent qualifications.
2. Sentences usually used to end an application letter:
If you wish to see me, I will be very pleased to come in for an interview. I can be reached after (3:00p.m.) at (7648697) any weekday.
I would like to discuss my qualifications in an interview at your convenience. Please write to me or
telephone me at (7648697) any weekday.
I will be very happy to meet you at your convenience and provide any additional information you may need.
You can reach me either at my home address or at (7648697)(telephone) or (7647643)(fax).
I look forward to meeting you soon in an interview. I can be contacted at my office (7648697). My fax
number is (4931918) and my e-mail address is (caw@https://www.doczj.com/doc/4a8497825.html,).
(IV) 范例
273 East Sixth Street
Bloominton, In 47401
May 29, 1999
Ms. Laura Godman
Personal Manager
Acton, Inc.
80 Roseville Road
St. Louis, MO 63130
Dear Ms. Goldman,
I am seeking a responsible position as a financial research assistant in which I may use my training to solve financial problems. I would be interested in exploring the possibility of obtaining such a position within your firm. I expect to receive a Bachelor of Business Administration degree in finance from Indiana University in in June. Since September 1999 I have been participating, through the university, in the Professional Training Program at Computer Systems International, in Indianapolis. In the program I was assigned, on a rotating basis, to several staff sections in apprentice positions. Most recently I have been a financial trainee in the accounting department and have gained a great deal of experience. Details of the academic courses I have taken are contained in the enclosed resume.
I look forward to meeting you soon in an interview, I can be contacted at my office (812-866-7000.ext.312) or at home )812-156-6320). My fax number is (812)493-1918 and my e-mail address is caw@https://www.doczj.com/doc/4a8497825.html,.
Sincerely yours,
(Signed)
Carol Ann Walker (V) 练习
. 假设你是美国纽约州立大学的一名助教，名字叫Maria Stein。你对去中国教学有兴趣，而且你具备良好的素质，可以教授英语口语、阅读、写作和文学。上海外国语大学的一位熟人张永先生，建议你给上外英语系的李明教授写一封求职信，希望他能考虑一下你的申请。如果他认为有合适的职位，请求他能够面试你。你的简历如下：California大学语言学博士学位，主修文科，尤其擅长英语。你对当一名外语教师非常感兴趣。随信附上你的简历。
(二) Letter of Invitation (邀请信)
(I) 邀请函的写作特点
邀请函是日常生活和工作中常见的一种信函，具有简洁、热情的特点。写邀请函时需注意：
1）礼貌、友好地发出邀请。
2）清楚地写明邀请的原因、活动的时间以及地点。
3）结尾时表示希望对方接受邀请。
4）如果要求被邀请人答复，应注明RSVP/r.s.v.p.（法语，意思是“请答复”）。
(II) 邀请信中常用到的客套句式：I would like to invite…to…; Would you …; …hope you can come/join us; I look forward to your coming/early reply.
(III) 范例
假设你的老板Mr. Howard想邀请Mr. Smith以及他的雇员参加十二月三十一日，星期四，晚八点在假日饭店（Holiday Inn）二楼舞厅举行的化妆舞会（costume dance）。请你为他写一封邀请信。
A letter of invitation to a birthday party
December 15
Dear Mr. Smith,
Our company has planned to hold a costume dance to mark New Year‘s Day, and is inviting our clients to it. Therefore, Mr. Howard would like to invite you and your clients to our costume dance with the following details:
Venue: Dance Hall,2nd Floor, Holiday Inn
Time: 8:00 p.m.
Date: December 31st , Friday
Your presence on this occasion would be our greatest honour.
We would appreciate it if you could confirm your acceptance of our invitation by telephone or letter before December 30th.
We look forward to hearing from you.
Yours Faithfully
Mike Howard
(IV) 练习
请按照下列提示写一封邀请信和回复信。
Letter 1
发信人：张玲
内容：1. 邀请Jane暑假期间到北京来度假
2. 陪同她游览长城、故宫、颐和园等
3. 请回信告知是否能来
写信日期：2003年6月25日
Letter 2
回信人：
内容：1. 感谢并接受张玲的邀请
2．决定7月初来北京
回信日期：2003年6月30日
Words for reference: 长城the Great Wall 故宫the Imperial Palace 颐和园the Summer Palace
(三) Letters of Thanks（感谢信）
(I) 感谢信的写作特点
收到别人赠送的礼物，或得到别人的某种帮助后，都应写信表示感谢。感谢信的特点是：时间及时、简明扼要、着重事由、感谢真诚。
可套用的句式有：I would like to thank you for your kindness / supports; I‘d like to express our sincere
thanks for…; It was kind and generous of you to…。
(II) 范例
范例1
Dear Mary,
Thank you very much for the nice camera which I received this morning. It is truly an attractive gift and one that would bring me many hours of happiness and delight. My heartfelt thanks for your thoughtfulness.
Yours ever,
Li Fei
范例2
Dear Chen Jianping,
I‘m writing to thank you for those two wonderful days in Beijing. I will always remember this visit. Before I arrived, I was a little anxious. I didn‘t know what to expect. But I had no need to worry. You gave me a very warm welcome and I soon felt at home. I will never forget your kindness and hospitality. And thank you, also, for arranging so many interesting things. The visits to the Great Wall, the Imperial Palace and the Summer Palace were unforgettable. It was very kind of you to do all this for me and I appreciate it more than I can say.
Yours sincerely,
Paula
(III）练习
你的供应商(supplier) Mr Johns昨晚邀请你共进晚餐。请你写一封感谢信，表达你对他好客(hospitality)的谢意，并告知他你十分珍惜和他的公司建立的长期合作关系(long-established relationship)，希望来年增加业务往来。
(四) Letter of Apology（致歉信）
(I) 致歉信的写作特点
在日常生活中难免会出现一些差错。如失约、误解或损坏了别人的东西等。在这种情况下，应及时写信表示歉意，以消除不必要的误会。道歉信与普通书信的格式基本相同，但应注意态度要诚恳，原委要解释清楚，措辞要委婉。也可以提出具体的弥补或者解决办法。
可套用的句式有：I must apologize for…; Please accept our apologies for the inconvenience / error; We offer our sincere apologies; I can assure you that…(there will be no more delays in the future); I regret that / to day that…。
(II) 范例
范例1
May 5, 2004
Dear John,
I‘m terribly sorry that I failed to come yesterday. I hope that this did not mess you up completely, although I know that you had already made some special arrangements for our meeting. I‘m very sorry about all that. I‘m sure you‘ll be sympathetic, however, when I tell you that my father is dangerously ill in a hospital, and that I found it impossible for me to leave him when he is in that state. I hope you will accept my sincere apologies.
Yours,
Li Hong
范例2
July 7, 2004
Dear Wang Xie,
I‘m awfully sorry for not returning to you your book ―A Tale of Two Cities‖ which I read through with great interest. I had finished reading it and was about to return it to you when one of my classmates came to see me. He was so interested in the book that he wanted to read it. So I had to retain it longer. However, I do promise I‘ll return it to you as soon as he finishes reading it. I hope you will accept my apologies for not returning your book sooner.
Yours,
Li Hong
(III) 练习
请给IBM的销售经理Martin Hill (marketing manager) 写一封道歉信，对没有及时恢复他以前的两封要求计算机键盘的供货单(quotation for the supply of computer keyboard)的信表示歉意。解释这是因为办公室装修(decorate) 而产生的延误(delay)，并将所需清单附上。
（五）Letter of Sympathy (慰问信)
(I) 慰问信的写作特点
亲友生病、受伤或由于某种不幸事件蒙受了损失，应该写信表示慰问。慰问信与普通书信的格式基本相同，但要注意措辞。如果病情并不严重或损失不大，慰问信可写得轻松一些，若是病情严重或损失重大，就应该写得深沉一些。写慰问信时一定要围绕一个中心，那就是使收信人从得到大安慰和鼓舞，不要随信写上一些不相关的事情。总之，慰问信要规范、简短、感情真挚。
常用的句型有：
I was shocked / saddened / distressed to hear that…
I just can‘t tell you how sorry I was to learn of/ that…
(II) 范例
范例1
May 15, 2004
Dear Wang Ping,
I am very sorry to learn from Li Hong‘s letter that you are ill. You must hurry and get well. Everybody in our department misses you and we all hope you will get well soon. If I can do anything for you, please don‘t hesitate to contact me.
Love,
Liu Lin
范例2
July 10, 2004
Dear Chen Hong,
I was shocked to learn that you broke your leg in a traffic accident and I am anxious to know how you are now. If I can be of any help. Please don‘t hesitate to let me know.
Yours,
Zhang zhen
(III) 练习
就下述内容写一封慰问信：
你的一位朋友在车祸中受伤，你去信表示慰问。
（六）Letters of Hotel Reservations (旅馆预定信)
(I) 预定信的写作特点
此信函形式曾以E-Mail的形式出现在PRETCO考试中，说明其应用性和考查性极强。信函内容应包括几个方面：预定目的、用房时间和数量、特殊要求、价位限制等。1）预定房间人自我介绍；2）预定房间的目的：如个人需求，团体会议，旅游团队；3）用房时间：包括拟到达日期和星期几及预计居留时间；4）用房数量：包括团队人数及预定客房间数；5）特殊要求：房间规格；6）写信人联系方式：可注明电话、传真和电邮。
(II) 范文
Singapore Polytechnic
154 Clement RD
Singapore
May 11, 2004 Palmer House Hotel
21 East Monroes St.
Chicago, IL 60603
Attention: Reservation Department
I would like to make a reservation at your hotel. The party is composed of 24 students and two tutors. Please reserve eight rooms with three single beds for our students and two rooms with single beds for our tutors, i.e. ten rooms altogether.
We are coming for an international model ship competition. The competition will begin on July 20th and we will be arriving four days earlier, that is Monday, July 16th. We will be staying for at least eight nights—from the 16th to the 23rd. And if we enter the final we would stay two more nights.
We would need a lecture room which is equipped with a computer, projecting apparatus, and a video player.
Please send me a written confirmation of this reservation and the price offer for the guestrooms by May 30th. My e-mail address is wchen@singpoly.ed.
Yours faithfully,
(signature)
Wayne Chen (III) 练习
假设你是ABC公司（No.6, Zhongshan Rd. GuangZhou）的经理助理（assistant to the manager），要为经理及其夫人还有公司的财务主任（Finance Director）在Willis Hotel（102，West Avenue，London）预定一间单人房和一间双人房，都带浴室（showers），最好在顶楼。需住两晚，即8月11，12日晚。此一行人将于8月11日下午5：30抵达旅馆。
ABC Company
No.6, Zhongshan Rd. Guang Zhou
(七) Complaining Letters（投诉信）
(I) 投诉信的写作特点
在日常生活中，人们常常会由于产品质量不好或对售后服务不满意而感到烦恼，这时可以写投诉信求得解决。投诉信与普通书信的格式基本相同。写信时要注意态度诚恳、直截了当。记住，写信的目的是为求得一个解决问题的方法而不是为了泄愤。一般说来，一封投诉信包括三个最基本的方面：
1) 投诉内容，一般放在信的开头。常用的表达语有：
I am writing to you about / with reference … which we received/ bought …
I am going to complain about …
2) 投诉原因。一般讲述对产品或售后服务不满意的地方。常用的表达语有：
When we checked … we noticed …; … it did not work.
3) 希望得到的结果。常用的表达语有：
Please let us know what you intend to do in this matter.
I am returning … under separate post and look forward to receiving a full refund of…
(II) 范例
范例1
你（Wang Gang）上个月去上海出差时，在书店买了一本英汉辞典。回家后仔细翻阅时发现缺了几十页，非常恼火。随信将辞典寄去，要求换一本好的并尽快寄来。
To Whom It May Concerned，
I am writing the letter to complain of an English-Chinese dictionary which I bought in your shop last month when I was in Shanghai on business. When I got home, I found dozens of pages of the dictionary were missing. I felt very upset and disappointed. Now I send you the dictionary with this letter and strongly wish that you would change a perfect one and send it to me as soon as possible.
Yours truly
Wang Gang
范例2
5th July, 2004
Dear Sir,
I am writing to you about a shirt which I bought from your shop while on holiday this summer. When I took it out of the bag and examined it closely, I found a large hole at the side and one button was missing. As you will realize, I was extremely upset to discover all this. At your prices, I expect top quality!
I am returning the shirt with this letter and look forward to receiving a full refund of 124 yuan.
Yours faithfully,
Li Ming
Yours sincerely,
(Signature)
练习
就下述内容写一封投诉信：
你在某家商店购买了一双皮鞋，穿了不到一个月就坏了，你去信要求这家商店退货赔款。
（八）Replying to Complaints（回复投诉信）
(I) 回复投诉信的写作特点
对待投诉信，卖主应该采取谨慎的态度。接收到投诉信后，首先应调查核实情况是否属实，然后再根据实际情况做出相应合理的答复。切不可在事实不清的情况下，断然否认对方的投诉，更不可对来信采取轻视、无礼的态度。
如果经调查确认来函内容是与事实相符的，那就应礼貌地答复并承认错误，并表示会尽快采取纠正措施。答复信件简洁为宜，澄清事实并说明处理办法即可。
(II) 范例
Pat Brown Your ref: PI/746
Production Manager Our ref: TR/678
Pacific International Inc.
350 Lincoln Place, Hingham, MA02043, USA
13 Aug. 2003
Dear Mr Pat Brown,
RE: YOUR ORDER P1/746
I am writing to apologize for the late delivery of your order P1/746.
We normally pride ourselves on keeping to our delivery dates, but in this case the order was more complex and time-consuming than we had expected.
Our revised delivery date is now Tuesday, August 21. Our shipment will arrive at your port on September 11.
We hope that this revised date is suitable and we greatly regret any inconvenience that may have been caused.
Your sincerely,
Jack Lorenzini
Export Manager (III) 练习
答复信件：发信方为差错致歉。解释出现差错的原因是发信方的仓库经理在最后时刻发现错发给对方部分货物，因此他推迟了货运，直到找到了遗失的部件。然而，不幸的是这时运货通知已经邮出，并且发信方也没有通知对方货运被推迟了。
发信方乐意地通知对方，遗失的部件已被包装完毕，并在昨天上午发离发信方工厂。
三、E-mail (电子邮件)
(I) 电子邮件的写作特点
电子邮件(electronic mail或缩写为e-mail)是写、送、读全部电子化的信函。电子邮件通常由三个主要部分组成：邮件头、正文和签名。邮件头包括：收件人的e-mail地址（发件人输入）、寄件人的e-mail 地址（计算机完成）和主题行（发件人输入）；正文是邮件的内容，其书写方式与常规信件相同；签名写在邮件的最后一行，有时附有发件人的通信地址和电话。
(II) 范例
To: Grela Borg shujac@u.washington,edu
Subject: Student List
Dear Sam:
Hi! Sorry I didn‘t answer your message earlier. I was no vacation for a week. I hope you did well on your exams!
I‘m thinking about studying in Canada next year, and I‘d like to find out what experiences other people have had.
Didn‘t you tell me about an e-mail discussion group for students? Could you tell me how to participate in it?
Thanks!
Greta
(III) 练习
写一封包括下列内容的电子邮件
发件人：张威
收件人：周明@https://www.doczj.com/doc/4a8497825.html,
内容：邀请周明下周末在你家吃中国餐，时间可以是星期六22nd 或者星期日23rd七点。你将去接周明。询问周明的地址或者接他的地点。
四、Informal Letters or Memos （便函或备忘录）
(I) 便函和备忘录的写作特点
便函或备忘录通常是公司内部最普通的书面交流方式，用来提醒或引起别人对某事的注意，在日常商务活动中，快速、有效地传递信息，如开会通知、宣布公司政策等。
备忘录通常由标题(heading) 和信息(message) 组成。标准的标题部分包括：
Date：(日期，如September 12, 2001)
To：(收文人，如All Faculty)
From：(发文人，如Jim B. Hardemann)
Subject：(事由，如Faculty Meeting)
信息部分是主题部分，一般比书信短。鉴于留言人和留言对象在同一公司或同一部门工作，因此，一般书信里常见的客套话都可省略，不需要写抬头称呼，也不需要在结尾写上“Yours sincerely”等。(II) 范例
TO: Henry Smith, Sales Manager
FROM: Jack Wong, Personnel Manager
DA TE: May 4, 2000
SUBJECT: Applicants for Sales Post
Attached are the resumes and certificates of four applicants who have applied for your department position. Please evaluate these applicants and then recommend people you want to interview to me. As soon as I have the names, I will make arrangement for the interviews.
J.W.
(III) 练习
备忘录
致：各部门负责人
自：办公室主任刘晶
日期：2003年7月8日
事由：关于总经理出国期间的安排
总经理王大年先生将于7月10日出访欧洲，进行商务活动。因此本周例会取消，所有要事必须在7月9日向总经理汇报。
五、Fax (传真)
(I) 传真的写作特点
FAX 是facsimile（传真）的缩写，具有准确无误地发送和接受打字稿、手稿、图样和照片的优点。
传真没有固定的格式，一般只需在传真的抬头上标注To（致敬）、From（自）、Date（日期）、Total papers
（总页数）、Subject（事由）等。传真文字形式可以是信函格式，也可以是备忘录、便条等。(II) 范例1
Eurofoods Co., Ltd.
7rue St Jacques, Lille, France
Tel 33-552-90938266 Fax 33-552-90938467
Fax Cover Sheet
To Export manager
Northern Foods Co.,
Ltd. From M. Poitier
Manager
Phone No. 44-1923 – 37465 223 Phone No. 33-552-90938266
Fax No. 44-1923 – 96875 222 Fax No. 33-552-90938467
Date of Issue October 6, 2000 Total Page(s) 1
Dear Sir
We refer to your order No. 4635 for cheese.
Owing to problems at the port, we will not be able to meet the agreed delivery date of 1 December.
We are doing everything possible to ship your order but the contracted date has now become unrealistic. We believe, however, that we will be able to meet a delivery deadline of 1 January 2001.
We apologize for the inconvenience, but the delay is due to circumstances beyond our control.
Yours faithfully
M. Poitier
Export Sales Manager
六、Notice (通知)
(I) 通知的写作特点
通知是用来告知大家已经发生的或将要发生的事情，比如，会议、晚会、电影和比赛等。其格式一般由标题、正文和落款三部分组成。
(II)通知（Notice & Announcement））的种类及注意事项
英语中的告示(Notice)分为两类：有关部门就某件事发出的通知；关于会议或活动的简单通知。写通知时通常需要注意以下几点：
1）通知上方居中写上Notice或Announcement字样作标题。
2）通知的日期写在正文左下方，在单位名称的下一行。
3）会议或活动通知应写明时间、地点、活动内容等。
4）出通知的单位或责任人名字写在正文最后的右下方，或放在标题之上，作为标题的部分。
(III) 常见的表达方式
通常用于告示和通知的表达及句型如下：
hereby 特此,兹Teaching Affairs Office 教务处General Affairs Office 总务处
Art exhibition 美术展览an open English class 英语公开课
This is to announce that…兹通知
…company informs the public that…公司谨向各界人士声明…
(IV) 范例
范例1. 修理水管的通知(Repairing the Water Pipe)
Announcement
Notice is hereby given that the water supply is not available from 8:00 a.m. to 6 p.m. the day after tomorrow, because the water pipes are getting repaired.
General Affairs
Office
Jan. 3, 2005
范例2. 招领启事(Found)
Found
I happened to find a purse, inside which there are banknotes, credit cards and some cash. Loser is expected to come to classroom to claim it.
Finder, Zhang Peng
范例3.会议通知：
Notice
All teachers and students are requested to meet in the department conference room on Tuesday (May 16) at 2:30 p.m. to hear a report on ―Computer Assisted Language Learning‖
The English Department Office
May 12, 1999
(V) 练习
美国加利福尼亚大学Smith教授应邀来你校作报告，内容为：如何选择自己喜欢的职业。下面是一份校方拟好的通知单。请你根据上面的内容写一张英语通知。
英语讲座内容如何选择自己喜欢的职业
报告人美国加利福尼亚大学smith教授
时间6月10日（星期五）晚6：00—8：
00
地点图书馆第一报告厅
要求准时出席，欢迎提问
完型模拟测试
Test one
Cigarette smoke is a significant source of indoor air pollution that can harm nonsmokers. Children of smoking parents are more (1) to develop respiratory (呼吸) disorders than children of nonsmoking parents, and (2) children have measurably spoiled lung function associated with permanent damage (3) the small airways. Nonsmoking adults who work (4) several years in smoky offices have similarly weakened lung function, (5) to that observed in light (6). Tobacco smoke around and nearby has been associated with an increased (7) of lung cancer; nonsmoking
wives of smoking husbands have 2 (8) 3 times the risk of lung cancer as nonsmoking wives (9) nonsmoking husbands. In addition to (10) disease in otherwise healthy nonsmokers, surrounding tobacco smoke (11) worse the condition of people with existing disease. For example, people (12) heart disease develop chest pain after much (13) periods of exercise after breathing someone (14) cigarette smoke than when breathing (15) air. While the question of whether or not there is a specific tobacco allergy (过敏) (16) unresolved, tobacco smoke makes dangerous the (17) of people with other allergies. (18) have measured the commonly known short term effects of tobacco smoke (19) nonsmokers, including burning eyes, nose, and throat, headache, and nausea (恶心). In short, cigarette smoke in concentrations commonly encountered in daily living may not only (20) nonsmokers but can cause them physical harm.
1. A probably B likely C like D impossible
2. A these B some C those D several
3. A between B around C for D to
4. A during B for C since D before
5. A the same B related C similar D distinct
6. A smokers B smoking C smoke D smoked
7. A damage B injury C harm D risk
8. A from B and C to D till
9. A or B of C and D plus
10.A producing B produce C have produced D produced
11.A finds B becomes C makes D allows
12.A along B and C of D with
13.A short B shorter C more short D shortest
14.A else‘s B else C elses‘ D elses
15.A flowing B polluted C clear D clean
16.A preserves B maintains C remains D protests
17.A status B position C condition D event
18.A Researchers B Discoverers C Inventors D technicians
19.A toward B on C against D before
20.A interfere B interrupt C reduce D bother
Test Two
The word desert literally means deserted or unoccupied. Many desert areas are not (1) deserted and indeed, in some (2), many people live there. Nevertheless, the world‘s (3) regions are probably the least familiar land areas (4) earth outside of the polar realm (领域) .For example, one popular (5) of deserts is that they consist of mile(6) mile of drifting sand dunes (沙丘). It is true that sand accumulations (聚积) do (7) in some areas and may be striking features, (8) they represent only a (9) percentage of the total desert area. In the Sahara, the w orld‘s largest desert, (10) accumulations cover only 10 percent (11) the surface, while in the sandiest of all deserts, the Arabian, about 30 percent is sand (12). A more typical surface consists of barren (荒芜) rock or vastnesses of stony ground.
(13) commonly held but incorrect perception (概念) of dry lands (14) that they are practically lifeless. Although (15) in amount and different in character, plant life is usually present. (16) desert plants differ widely from place (17) place, they all have one characteristic (18) common—they have developed adaptations that make them (19) tolerant of drought (干旱). Such plants, called xerophytes (旱生植物), may have waxy leaves, stems, or (20) that reduce