Part1随堂检测:
1. 起初
2. 到目前为止
3. 小量
4. 使...初次了解
5. 从...到....
6. 使尝试，使……初次了解……_________________________
7. 与某人交朋友___________________________
8. 以……自豪___________________________
9. 一年半_______________________________
10. 按时，准时___________________________
Part 2 课本重点知识讲解
“I was very nervous at first”, says Sarah.一开始我很紧张，萨拉说。
at first 起初，开始.它主要用于强调前后对照，暗示接下去的动作与前面的动作不同甚至相反。
At first I didn’t want to go , but I soon changed my mind.
我开始不想去，但我很快就改变了主意。
The work was hard at first , but I got used to it.
起初这活很累，不过后来我习惯了。
随堂练习：
1).起初我并不喜欢你.
I don,t love you .
2). 起初我并我知道这个秘密.
I don,t know this secret .
2. However ,my host family are friendly .但是，我的寄宿家庭非常友好。friendly 比较级friendlier/more friendly ，最高级friendliest / most friendly.有好的，常构成短语be friendly to sb 对某人友好； be friendly with sb 与某人友好相处。 ①他们班里的每个人对我都很友好。 Everyone in their class _____ _________ _____ me. ②我们很快就与邻居们友好相处了。 We soon became ________ _______ the neighbors.
3.I’ve learnt to use chopsticks , and they’re teaching me a little Chinese!
我学会使用筷子了，并且他们正在教我一些汉语。 a little 意思是“不多的，很少”用来修饰不可数名词，表示数量，也可以修饰形容词和副词的原级或比较级，表示程度。随堂练习：
杯子里有点水。 There is _____ ________ water in the glass.
长途跋涉以后，我有点累了。 After a long walk， I felt _____ ________ tired.
辨析： a little , little , a few , few
a little 修饰不可数名词表示肯定，意为“不多的”
little 表示否定，意为“几乎没有”
a few 修饰复数名词表肯定，意为“几个，一些”
few 表否定，“不多的，少数的” 随堂练习：用a little , little , a few , few 填空。
一点牛奶就够了。 _____________ milk is enough.
快点！没剩多少时间了。 Hurry up! There is __________ time left.
③妈妈给我买了些苹果。 My mother bought me _____________ apples.
④他初来乍到，因此没有几个朋友。 He is new here , so he has
___________ friends.
4. It’s been a fantastic experience so far , says Eric.
到目前为止，它是一次很棒的经历。埃里克说。
experience 此处作可数名词，意识是 “经历”，而这个单词在作 “经验”的意思时，为不可数名词。 So far ,意思是“到目前为止”，多用于现在完成时。
随堂练习：
做一名志愿者对我来说是一次有趣的经历。
It was ___________________ for me to be a volunteer.
这个老师有很多处理青少年问题的经验。
The teacher has a lot _____________ dealing with the teens’ problems.
③我已经见过很多动物了,到目前为止.
I have seen lots of animals .
④我已经看了三本书到目前为止.
I three books .
5. I’ve learnt a bit of t’ai chi , and I really enjoy it.
我学了一点太极拳，并且我十分喜欢它。
a bit of 一点，小量用于修饰不可数名词。
例如： A bit of water A bit of milk A bit of money
辨析：a bit of , a bit , a little
a bit of 一点修饰不可数名词
a bit 稍微，有点修饰形容词、副词的原级、比较级
a little 不多的既可以修饰不可数名词，也可以修饰形容词、副词的原
级、比较级随堂练习： ①瓶子里有点水。 There is _______________ water in the bottle.
②请打开窗，天气有点热。 Please open the window , it’s
________________ hot.
6.The teachers have introduced us to Chinese painting as well.
老师也使我们初次了解中国画。
introduce...to...使...初次了解 Introduce A to B 把A介绍给B
你可以介绍你的同学给我吗?
Can you your classmate me?
7. We’ve also tried to paint some pictures ourselves!
我们自己也试着画了一些中国画。
try to do sth 尽力做某事，其否定形式为try not to do sth 尽力不要做某事
辨析：try to do sth 与try doing sth
try to do sth 尽力去做某事，不包含是否成功之意。
try doing sth （用某一办法）试着去做某事。
随堂练习：
①我尽力把英语学好。
I ______ ____ ______ English well.
②他试着把这个难题算出来。
He _______ ________ out the math problem.
8. Tomorrow I’m going to take part in an exchange programme in London.明天我将参加一个在伦敦的交流计划。
take part in 参加，多指参加一些集会性活动，如会议、劳动等。
辨析：take part in ,join , join in
take part in 多指参加群众性活动，具有暂时性特点。
join 指加入某党派、组织、军队或社会团体，并成为其中一员，其后也可以接人，意为“和某人一起做某事”
join in 指参加小规模的活动，如球赛，游戏，多用于日常口语。Join in doing sth 参加做某事。
随堂练习：
用take part in ,join , join in填空。
你愿意参加我们的晚会吗？ Would you like to ______________ our party?
请加入我们吧。 Please ___________ us.
③我可以参加这个游戏吗？ May I _______________ playing the game?
9.Listen to the conversation between Mr Liu and the students.
听刘老师和学生之间的对话。
between …… and…… 在……和……之间
辨析：between , among
between 用于指两者之间
among 用于指三者或三者以上之间随堂练习：
银行和学校之间有家医院。
There is a hospital _________ the bank ______ the school.
这两本书之间有什么区别？ What is the difference _________ the two books?
高老师正坐在孩子们之间。 Miss Gao is sitting __________ the children.
④这位歌手在年轻人中很受欢迎。 The singer is popular ______ the young people.
10. Arrive at the airport on time ,please.请按时到机场。
on time 按时，准时辨析：
on time ,in time
on time 按时，准时
in time 及时，常含有匆忙之意。
随堂练习：
火车会按时到达吗？
Will the train arrive ____________?
警察及时赶到了那里。
The police got there ________________.
Part 3 语法
现在完成时的概念。
表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果
She has been ill for three days. （她病了三天了。）
表示从过去某一时间开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。
We've known each other since we were children. （我们从小就认识。）
I have been a member of the Party for 10 years.
③常与现在完成时连用的时间状语有：
just刚刚 yet 仍然，还 now 现在 lately 最后 ever 曾经 today 今天never 从未 before 从前recently 最近 already 已经 this week 本周since 自从 for a long tine 很长时间了 since then 自那以来 so far 到目前为止 in the past/last few years 在过去/最近的几年
二、构成：”助动词have, has + 过去分词”
注：规则动词的过去分词的构成与过去是相同，不规则动词的过去分词见附表。随堂练习 .
把下面变否定句、一般疑问句并作肯定和否定回答。
I have done my homework.
否定句：_______________________________________
一般疑问句：___________________________________
回答：_________________________________________
The plane has arrived.
否定句：_______________________________________
一般疑问句：___________________________________
回答：_________________________________________
三、动词的过去分词构成规则
（1）规则变化
① 大部分动词在词尾直接加-ed
clean cleaned
help helped
以不发音的e结尾的，直接加-d
like liked
live lived
以辅音字母+y结尾的单词，变y为i再加ed
try tried
study studied
④ 重读闭音节词尾只有一个辅音字母的，需要双写最后这个辅音字母再加-ed. plan planned
stop stopped
（2）不规则变化
see seen
find found
需根据不规则变化表进行专门记忆
四、现在完成时用法归纳
1. 现在完成时表示过去发生的动作现已完成，对现在造成的影响和结果。(此种用法谓语动词用结束性动词)
如： The plane has arrived. 常用的时间状语和副词：already ,yet , ever , never ①already 已经； yet 尚未，仍未，还；强调前不久完成的动作对现在造成的影响，谓语动词使用非延续性动词。already 用于肯定句中，yet 用于否定句和疑问句的句末。
例如：I have already finished my homework. 我已经完成我的家庭作业了。
He hasn’t come yet.他还没有回来。
Has she finished cooking yet? 他做完饭了吗？
练：I have already done my homework.
(变为否定句) ______________________________________________
②ever (曾经)，句中；never (从不) ，表示否定，强调到目前为止的生活经历。谓语动词用延续性动词。
例如：Have you ever climb that mountain? 你曾经爬过那座山吗？
Have you ever been to Shanghai?你曾经去过上海吗？
I have never late for school.我从来没有迟到过。
③already ever与never应位于助动词have/has 之后，主要动词之前。
拓展：before (以前)，句尾，独立用
I haven’t met him before. 我以前从来没有见过他。
just (刚刚)，用于肯定句中，常用在助动词和过去分词之间。
如：I have just heard the news. 我刚刚听到消息。
（）1. Have you ______ heard of Disneyland?
A. always
B. ever
C. never
D. sometimes
（）2. I have ________ finished my homework. So I can have a rest now.
A. ever
B. already
C. never
D. yet
（）3. She is a good student, she has _______ been late for school.
A. ever
B. already
C. never
D. yet
（）4. I am very hungry , I haven’t had my breakfast________.
A. ever
B. already
C. never
D. yet
2. 完成时可用于表示某时间段里完成的动作，常与today, these days, recently等时间状语连用。
如：
Have you seen her these days? 译： _________________________
Have you been to the library today? 译：______________________
Have you read the book recently? 译：_______________________
现在完成时表示过去已经开始，持续到现在，可能延续到将来的动作和状态。常与表示过去某一时刻延续到现在的一段时间状语连用。如：
a. for + 一段时间：for two hours
b. since + 时间点：since 1999, since last year
c. since + 一段时间+ ago: since two days ago
d. since + 从句（用过去时）
e. up to now, till now, until now, so far
f. in the past two years, in the last few days
g. recently, lately
如： Miss Zhao has taught math for five years.
His mother has worked in the shop since 1990.
The Greens have lived in London since three years ago
注]：其中在a,b,c,d 这四种结构中，谓语动词必须为延续性动词。
如： I have had this book for one and a half years. (这本书我已买了一年半了！)
用since 或者for 填空
1). I have studied English _______ 5 years.
2). I have studied English _______ 5 years ago.
3). I have studied English _______ 2008.
4). She has taught math _________ 3 years.
5). She has taught math _________ 3 years ago.
6). She has taught math _________ 2010.
4. 短暂性动词怎样和表示一段时间的状语连用。
英语中的短暂性动词，也叫做终止性动词、瞬间动词或非延续性动词，只表示
一时的动作，在肯定句式中不能与表示延续的时间状语连用。
常见的短暂性动词有：go, come, leave, find, buy, arrive, give, stop, join, marry, die, begin, start, borrow, close, open, lend等。
eg. I have bought this book for three months. (×)
非延续性动词与一段时间连用时可采用下列三种方法：
将非延续性动词转化为延续性动词。
leave- have (has) been away from
close- be closed
join- have (has) been (in)
begin/start- be on
buy- have (has) had
go- be there
die- have (has) dead
finish- be over
come (arrive)- have (has) been here
borrow- have (has) kept
begin to work- have (has) worked
open- have (has) been open
get up- have (has) been up
put on – have (has) on
come back- have (has) been back
gone (left)- been away
joined – been
句型转换。
1). I have borrowed a new book from the school library.
I _________ _________ a new book from the school library for two days.
2). She has gone there.
She _________ ________ there _________ yesterday.
3). The film has begun.
The film __________ ___________ ___________ __________ five minutes.
3) The boy has come back.
The boy _________ ___________ _________ for an hour.
5. have been to/ have gone to/ have been in 三种结构的区别
（1）have been to 去过某地(现已离开)，可以与ever, never, once, twice 等连用。（2）has gone to 去某地了，说话时某人已离开此地，在去某地的路上或已在某地，总之现在还未回来。此句型一般用于第三人称。（3） have been in 表示已在某地呆了多久，若该地为小地方则用at。
翻译：
你以前去过北京吗？___________________________
吉姆已经去了伦敦。___________________________
格林一家在中国已经两年了。_____________________
单项选择
( )1. I have ________ Beijing three times.
A. been to
B. gone to
C. been in
D. been at ( )2.---Where is Mike? -----He has _______ London .
A. been to
B. gone to
C. been in
D. been at ( )3. Tony has never _______ China. He looks forward to coming to China A. been to B. gone to C. been in D. been at ( )4.Lucy has ________ China for 5 years.
A. been to
B. gone to
C. been in
D. been at ( )5.The teacher has ________ the village to teach the poor students for 10 years.
A. been to
B. gone to
C. been in
D. been at
6. 现在完成时与一般过去时的区别：
(1) 侧重点不同：现在完成时是与现在有关的时态，属现在时态范畴，它侧重于过去的动作对现在造成的影响。而一般过去时是一种过去时态，侧重于表示过去的动作，与现在无关。
如： Yesterday I went to the zoo. (仅说明昨天去了动物园，与现在无关) Li Lei has read the book. (说明李磊了解那本书的内容)
连用的时间状语不同：一般过去时常与ago, yesterday, last…, in 2000, just now等连用。而现在完成时与already, yet, still, just, so far, in the last/ past…, before, ever, never, since…, for…等时间状语连用。 [注] 现在完成时不可与yesterday, last week, two days ago等过去时间状语连用。
单项选择。
（）1. Miss Gao isn’t here. She ________ to the bus station to meet Mr. Brown.
A. go
B. has gone
C. has been
D. would go
（）2. – How clean the bedroom is!
- Yes, I am sure that someone _______it.
A. cleans
B. cleaned
C. has cleaned
D. had cleaned
（）3. Drison Break is the best American TV player that I _____ these years.
A. watch
B. will watch
C. have watched
D.was watching
（）4. I’m not hungry because I ______ lunch already.
A. have
B. had
C. am having
D. have had
（）5. – How long have Mr and Mrs Smith________?
- For more than twenty years.
A. married
B. had married
C. got married
D. been married
（）6. In the past few years there ______ great changes in my hometown.
A. have been
B. were
C. had been
D. are
（）7. — ________ you ______ the film Harry Potter Ⅱ?
— Not yet. I’ll see it this Sunday.
A. Did, see
B. Are; seeing
C. Have, seen
D. Do, see
（）8. The Smiths moved to China ten years ago and ______ here since then. A. has lived B. was living C. live D. have lived
（）9. – Will you watch the World Cup match this year?
- No, but I ________ several World Cup matches since I was a small child. A. had seen B. see C. was seeing D. have seen
（）10. I won’t return the book to the library because I ______ reading it.
过去完成时语法精讲 一、过去完成时的概念与结构特点 概念：过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作，即“过去的过去（past-in-the-past ）”。 ----|-------------------------- |-------------------------------|----------------------------> 那时以前那时现在 构成：过去完成时由“助动词had + 过去分词”构成，其中had 通用于各种人称。 They had already had breakfast before they arrived at the hotel. # She had finished writing the composition by 10 ：00 this morning. 二、过去完成时的判断依据 1. 由时间状语来判定 一般说来，各种时态都有特定的时间状语。与过去完成时连用的时间状语有： （ 1 ）by + 过去的时间点。如： I had finished reading the novel by nine o'clock last night. （ 2 ）by the end of + 过去的时间点。如： We had learned over two thousand English words by the end of last term. （3 ）before + 过去的时间点。如： 】 They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday. 2. 由“过去的过去”来判定。 过去完成时表示“过去的过去”，是指过去某一动作之前已经发生或完成的动作，即动作有先后关系，动作在前的用过去完成时，在后的用一般过去时。这种用法常出现在： （ 1 ）宾语从句中 当宾语从句的主句为一般过去时，且从句的动作先于主句的动作时，从句要用过去完成时。在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。如： She said that she had seen the film before. （ 2 ）状语从句中 在时间、条件、原因、方式等状语从句中，主、从句的动作发生有先后关系，动作在前的，要用过去完成时，动作在后的要用一般过去时。如： ] When I got to the station, the train had already left. After he had finished his homework, he went to bed. 注意：before, after 引导的时间状语从句中，由于before 和after 本身已表达了动作的先后关系，若主、从句表示的动作紧密相连，则主、从句都用一般过去时。如：Where did you study before you came here After he closed the door, he left the classroom. （ 3 ）表示意向的动词，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用过去完成时表示"原本…，未能…" We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't. 3. 根据上、下文来判定。 【 I met Wang Tao in the street yesterday. We hadn't seen each other since he went to Beijing.
unit 1 词汇：1. my（pron）. “我的”形容词性物主代词还有his，her，your，their. 2.由name构成的短语first name( 名字)=given name, last name (姓氏)=family name . 3.“电话号码”的表达方式：telephone number = phone number 4. 本单元出现的缩写有：I’m = I am what’s = what is it’s =it is 5. answer n. “回答；答案”（也可做动词“回答”，如answer the questions） 句式：(1). What +be动词(am,is,are) +your(his/her) name? What’s your name? What’s his name? What’s her name? (2). 自我介绍时常用语：My name’s Jenny.I’m Gina. (3).表达第一次和某人见面的高兴之情：Nice to meet you! 回答用：Nice to meet you，too! (4). 询问别人的电话号码：What’s your(你的)/her（她的）/his （他的）/their（他们的、她们的）telephone number? (5). 询问别人的姓氏常用语：
What’s her family name?（你姓什么？） Unit 2 词汇：1. pencil case 文具盒pencil sharpener 铅笔刀pen钢笔eraser橡皮擦ruler尺子backpack 双肩背包dictionary 字典2.指示代词：this 这个that 那个3. in English 用英语 4. ID card 身份证 5. computer game 电子游戏 6. lost and found 失物招领 7. excuse me 打扰了 8. call sb. 给某人打电话 9. a set of 一套；一副 句式：1. 询问某物品是否属于某人的问句及答语 —Is this/that your pencil? —Yes, it is. It’s my pencil./No, it isn’t. It’s his pencil. 2. 询问某物用英语怎么说What’s this in English? 3. How do you spell sth.? How do you spell it? 4. What’s +sth?询问某物是什么—What’s this?—It’s a watch. 5. Call at sb. at +电话号码. Call Alan at 495-3539. 练习： 1) What’s this? It’s V. A. a B.an C.the D.\ 2) Good night. A. Good evening. B.See you. C.All right. 3) ---------- a lot . A. Thank B.Thanks C.Thanks you D.Thanks for 4) How is your father? He is -------.A good B.nice C.OK 5）What’s his(one) name? I don’t know. But I know his last name. 6）Is this ------eraser? No.It’s -------. A. his his B. his hers C. her hers 7）Is that her pencil? Yes,------is. A. it B. that C.She 8）------- you spell it? Yes.P-E-N pen. A. How B.Can C.\ 9）Please call our school ------4516324. A. with B.\ C.at D.on 10）Is that your car in the ----(lose) and ----(find) case? 11）Tell me the key ------the question. A. to B. of C.about 12）There -----(be) a set of -----(key) on the table. 13）This kind of books ------(sell) well.We like it. 14）Could you please help me with my English？ . A. With pleasure. B.That’s very nice of you. C.It’s my pleasure. Unit 3 词汇：1.称呼类词汇：sister 姐；妹
第2讲：现在完成时 现在完成时的定义： 现在完成时表示过去的动作对现在造成的影响；而与一般过去时相比，一般过去时表示动作发生的时间在过去。试比较: The plane has arrived. 飞机已经来了.(说明现在的情况,飞机在这儿.) The plane arrived an hour ago. 飞机是在一小时前抵达的(强调动作发生的时间.) 现在完成时的结构： 肯定句: 主语＋have/has＋过去分词（done） Lily has returned from America. ★变否定句在have/has后面加not 主语＋have/has＋not+过去分词（done） Lily has not returned from America. ★变一般疑问句将have/has移到句首 主语＋have/has＋not+过去分词（done） Has Lily returned from America? 肯定回答及否定回答：Yes，she has./ No， she hasn’t. ★变特殊疑问句特殊疑问词+一般疑问句 特殊疑问词（how/what/why/when/where）＋have/has＋主语＋过去分词(done) Where has Lily returned from? 现在完成时的用法： 在学习这一概念的同时，还应注意常与现在完成时连用的几个副词：already，just，ever，yet，never等。already，just多用于肯定句中，ever，yet，never多用于疑问句和否定句中。如： I have already finished my homework．我已经做完家庭作业了。 He has just had his meal．他刚吃过饭。 Have you ever sung this English song？你曾唱过这首英文歌吗？ They haven't started yet．他们还没有动身。 We have never heard of it．我们从来没有听说过这件事。
第一章动词之时态 第三节过去完成时 教学时间：2课时 教学目标：通过本次课的学习，使学生理解过去完成时的形式意义，明白一般过去时和过去完成时的区别，并能写出结构语法正确的现在完成时。 教学重点：过去完成时的意义和与一般过去式的区别。 教学步骤： 一.导入 回顾现在完成时 现在完成时的意义：过去发生的动作对现在的影响或从过去开始发生一直持续到现在，着眼点为现在。 二.讲解 1). 过去完成时的形式和意义 回顾： 一般现在时： 主语 + do/does 或 be 一般过去时： 主语 + did或 was/were
现在完成时： 主语 + have/has + done 过去完成时： 主语 + had + done 课堂练习1：划线识别题（划出下列过去完成时的用法） 1.I had been at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally came. 2.She had left before her parents arrived. 3.We had learned English for 5years by the end of last month. 过去完成时的意义： 引例句： ?他们去年结婚了。 ?They got married last year. ?截止到去年他们已经恋爱五年了。 ?They had been in love for five years by last year. 过去完成时的意义: 当表示过去某一动作发生之前就已经完成的一动作即“过去的过去”时，用过去完成时。 用法： 1.截止到上个月，我就已经学了5000单词了。 I had learned 5000 thousand words by the end of last month. 介词by + 一般过去时的短语或句子，表示在…之前。 By the end of last week, he had wrriten ten books. By the time he was ten, he had made a lot of money. 2.她说她已经吃过早饭了。 She said she had had breakfast. 过去完成时常常用在told, said, knew, thought等动词的宾语从句中，这时从句中的动作发生在主句表示的过去的动作之前。 练习： She said she ______ (see) the film before.
现在完成时 1. 定义：过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或者结果。 2. 构成：主语+ have/has + 动词的过去分词+ 其它. 3. 否定句：主语+ have/has + not + 动词的过去分词+ 其它. 4. 疑问句: have/has + 主语+ 动词的过去分词+其它 5. 用法（四种）： （1）表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。 例句：I have just received a letter from my brother, Tim. （过去的时间收到一封信，接下来可能会提到信上的内容，说明收到信的这个动作对现在有影响。）翻译：我已经通过驾照考试并拿到了驾照了。 I have passed the driving exam and got a driving license. （2）表示过去发生的动作持续到现在，并可能持续下去。 例句：He has been there for six months. 翻译：我已经学了六年的英语了。 I have studied English for six years. （3）在时间或者条件状语从句中，表示将要发生的动作。 例句：Tim will not be so excited if he has been to Australia before.
翻译：我忙完工作就去图书馆找你。 I will see you in the library as soon as I have finished my work. （4）It has been + 一段时间+since 从句（从句是用一般过去时）。例句：It has been six months since Tim went to Australia. 翻译：玛丽生病到现在已经三天了。 It has been three days since Mary was ill. 练一练： 1、Both his parents look sad . Maybe they _________what's happened to him . Ａ. knew Ｂ. have known Ｃ. must know Ｄ.will know 2、I_______ a letter from him since he left．（天津市） A．didn't receive B．haven't got C．didn't have D．haven't heard 3、—Where have you _______ these days？—I have_____ to Dazhu with my friends． A．been；gone B．been；been C．gone；been D．gone；gone 4、Have you met Mr Li ______？ Ａ. just Ｂ. ago Ｃ.before Ｄ. a moment ago 5、His father ______ the Party since 1978 . Ａ. joined Ｂ. has joined Ｃ. was in Ｄ. has been in 6、My parents ______ Shandong for ten years . Ａ. have been in Ｂ. have been to Ｃ. have gone to Ｄ. have been 6. 现在完成时的标志 （1）以already, just，ever，never和yet为标志
一、写出下列动词的第三人称单数 drink go stay make look have pass carry come watch plant fly study brush do teach 二、用括号内动词的适当形式填空。 1. He often (have) dinner at home. and Tommy (be) in Class One. … (not watch) TV on Monday. 4. Nick (not go) to the zoo on Sunday. 5. ______ they ________(like) the World Cup 6. What _______they often _______(do) on Saturdays 7. _______ your parents _______(read) newspapers every day 8. The girl (teach) us English on Sundays. 9. She and I (take) a walk together every evening. 10. There ________(be) some water in the bottle. ` 11. Mike _______(like) cooking. 12. They _______(have) the same hobby. 13. My aunt _______(look) after her baby carefully. 14. You always _____(do) your homework well. (be) ill. I’m staying in bed. 16. She __________(go) to school from Monday to Friday. 17. Liu Tao _______(do) not like PE. 18. The child often ____________(watch) TV in the evening. / 19. Su Hai and Su Yang ___________(have) eight lessons this term. 20. －What day ____________(be) it today －It’s Saturda.
初三英语上册【动词的现在完成时态】精讲精练2018.12 一、构成形式(肯定式): 主语＋助动词have/has＋过去分词＋……. ﹡过去分词: 规则动词的过去分词构成与动词过去式相同；不规则动词需要专门记忆。 [Exercise 1] ( ) 1. I Enghish in this school since 1998. (A) taught (B) have taught (C) teach (D) would teach ( ) 2. Li Lei the pen for five years. (A) has had (B) bought (C) had (D) has bought ( ) 3. Kate her grandmother's photo before. (A) haven't seen (B) have seen (C) saw (D) hasn't seen ( ) 4. Mary you these days? (A) Has, seen (B) Do, see (C) Did, see (D) Is, seeing ( ) 5. So far, we thousands of Buildings in Quanzhou. (A) build (B) have built (C) build (D) will build 二、否定式: 主语＋haven’t/hasn’t＋过去分词＋……. 疑问式: Have/Ha s＋主语＋过去分词＋……? 简略答语: Yes, 主语＋have/has.(肯定回答) / No, 主语＋haven’t/hasn’t.(否定回答) [Exercise 2] ( ) 1. He finished his homework yet. (A) doesn’t(B) haven’t(C) hasn’t (D) doesn’t have ( ) 2. —Have you finished your work? — (A) Yes, I do. (B) No, I didn’t. (C) Yes, I have. (D) No, I won’t. ( ) 3. —Has she ever learned English? —. (A) Yes, she has (B) No, she doesn’t(C) Yes, she does (D) No, she didn’t 三、现在完成时的用法之一: 表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。 常与already，just，yet， ever/never，before，twice，so far等连用。（这些标志词可以表达这种含义。） ⑴以already, just和yet为标志 already, just和yet表示到现在为止动作或状态已经、刚刚或还没有发生。 He has already had dinner. He has just seen the film. He hasn’t come back yet. ⑵以ever和never为标志 ever和never表示到现在为止动作或状态曾经或从来没有发生过。 This is the best film I have ever seen. He has never been to Beijing. ⑶以动作发生的次数为标志 若某一动作到现在为止已经发生了若干次，则要使用现在完成时。 He says he has been to the USA three times. ⑷以so far为标志 so far往往表示到目前为止动作或状态已经发生。 So far about 500 people have died in the earthquake. She has passed the exam so far. [Exercise 3] ( ) 1. —Have you travelled on the train? —Yes, I have. (A) never (B) ever (C) just (D) yet ( ) 2. —Have you finished your homework? —Not . (A) ever (B) already (C) yet (D) just ( ) 3. We haven't finished our homework .
过去完成时态精讲及练习 过去完成时是指“过去”这一时间段内发生的事情，它是在某个过去动作或时间点之前发生的动作，简单地说就是“过去的过去”发生的事情。 过去完成时的构成：had + 动词的过去分词。 一、过去完成时的主要用法 1、表示在过去动作之前已经发生的动作或存在的状态。比如说，A事件发生在一个月前，而B事件发生两个月前，那么B事件比A 事件还要早发生，它就要使用过去完成时。 例如：Most of the guest had left when he arrived at the party. （即：客人在他到之前已经离开了。） They had already had breakfast before they arrived at the hotel.（即：吃饭在先，他们到达在后。） 注意：在上面两个例句，虽然表达时间的连词不同（when当……时；before在……前），但两件事发生的先后顺序很明显。请不要被when, before之类的词搞混淆了，关键要抓住两件事情的先后关系。 2、表达在过去某个确定的时间之前发生的事或状态。 例如：How many English films had you seen by the end of last year? 在这个例句中，没有两个事件作比较。但是，它有一个明确的时间作参考，即last year明确了告诉我们是“过去”时间，而by the end of last year说的是在last year之前完成的动作，因此它也是“过去的过去”，可以用过去完成时。请仔细阅读下面的例句，注意时间的先后关系和动作的先后顺序： I had finished writing my composition by 10:00 this morning.（今天上午10：00点以前，我已经写完了我的作文。） She had searched the internet for two hours when she found an ad for the Canon digital camera.（当她找到了佳能数码照相机的广告时，她已经在因特网上查询了两个小时。） I went over what I had written again and again so that I wouldn't make any mistakes.（我一遍又一遍地检查了我所写的内容，以至我没有出现任何错误。） The film had already begun when I got to the cinema . （当我到电影院时，电影已经开始了。）
中考语法语态精练 【2019 ?福建】As one of the most exciting sports, volleyball __________ in the Olympic Games in 1964. A.included B. is included C. was included 2.【2019 ?安徽】The villagers expect that the building of the bridge ____ before the rainy season comes. A.is completed B. was completed C. will be completed D. has been completed 3.【2019 ?甘肃省敦煌市】 A baby's first month birthday is a special event i n China and _____ with a special Party. A.celebrates B. is celebrated C. was celebrated D. will celebrate 4.【2019 ?湖北省黄冈市】—Oh, your room is too dirty, Mike! —Sorry, Mum. It ___ _yesterday. I forgot to do it. A.didn’t clean B. isn’t cleaned C. was cleaned D. wasn’t cleaned 5.【2019 ?江西省】Gina went to the doctor’s yesterday and she
过去完成时态 （一）定义：①表示发生在过去的动作对过去晚些时候造成的影响或结果②过去某一动作一直持续到过去晚些时候将来可能还要延续。发生在前的那个动作【过去的过去】 （二）基本结构：主语+had+过去分词vpp.(done) ①肯定句：主语+had+过去分词. ②否定句：主语+had+not+过去分词. ③一般疑问句：Had+主语+过去分词? 肯定回答：Yes,主语+had. 否定回答：No,主语+had not . ④特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词或词组+一般疑问句（Had+主语+过去分词）？ ⑤被动语态：主语+had（hadn't)+been+过去分词 （三）用法： （1）表示在过去某一时刻或动作以前完成了的动作，也可以说过去的时间关于过去的动作。即“过去的过去”。可以用by, before等介词短语或一个时间状语从句来表示，也可以用一个表示过去的动作来表示，还可能通过上下文来表示。 例如：By nine o’clock last night, we had gotten 200 pictures from the spaceship. 到昨晚9点钟，我们已经收到200 张飞船发来的图片。 （2）表示由过去的某一时刻开始，一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态，常和for, since构成的时间状语连用。 例如：I had been at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally came. 当车来的时候，我在车站已等了20分钟。 He said he had worked in that factory since 1949. 他说自从1949年以来他就在那家工厂工作。 （3）叙述过去发生的事情，在已叙述了过去发生的事情后，反过来追述或补述以前发生的动作时，常使用过去完成时。 例如：Mr. Smith died yesterday. He had been a good friend of mine. 史密斯先生昨天去世了。他以前是我的好友。 I didn’t know a thing about the verbs, for I had not studied my lesson. 我对动词一无所知，因为我没有好好学习功课。 （4）在含有定语从句的主从复合句中，如果叙述的是过去的事，先发生的动作常用过去完成时。 例如：I returned the book that I had borrowed. 我已归还了我借的书。 She found the key that she had lost. 她丢失的钥匙找到了。 （5）过去完成时常常用在told,said,knew,heard,thought等动词后的宾语从句（或间接引语）中，这时从句中的动作发生在主句表示的过去的动作之前。 例如：He said that he had known her well. 他说他很熟悉她。 I thought I had sent the letter a week before. 我认为我一星期前就把信寄出去了。 （6）状语从句：在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在前，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。 如when,before,after,as soon as,till/until引导的
过去完成时 一、过去完成时的概念与结构特点 概念：过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作，即“过去的过去（ past-in-the-past ）”。 ----|-------------------------- |-------------------------------|----------------------------> 那时以前那时现在 构成：过去完成时由“助动词 had + 过去分词”构成，其中 had 通用于各种人称。 They had already had breakfast before they arrived at the hotel. She had finished writing the composition by 10 ：00 this morning. 二、过去完成时的判断依据 1. 由时间状语来判定 一般说来，各种时态都有特定的时间状语。与过去完成时连用的时间状语有： （ 1 ） by + 过去的时间点。 如： I had finished reading the novel by nine o'clock last night. （ 2 ） by the end of + 过去的时间点。 如： We had learned over two thousand English words by the end of last term. （ 3 ） before + 过去的时间点。 如： They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday. 2. 由“过去的过去”来判定。 过去完成时表示“过去的过去”，是指过去某一动作之前已经发生或完成的动作，即动作有先后关系，动作在前的用过去完成时，在后的用一般过去时。这种用法常出现在： （ 1 ）宾语从句中 当宾语从句的主句为一般过去时，且从句的动作先于主句的动作时，从句要用过去完成时。在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。如： She said that she had seen the film before. （ 2 ）状语从句中 在时间、条件、原因、方式等状语从句中，主、从句的动作发生有先后关系，动作在前的，要用过去完成时，动作在后的要用一般过去时。如： When I got to the station, the train had already left.
高考英语短文改错最全套路精讲精练 高中英语中的短文改错绝对不是一道难题，它所考查的语法和词汇都是最基础的。那为什么很多同学在这道题上拿不了高分甚至满分呢？这是因为不了解出题意图和命题角度的缘故。所谓“知己知彼，百战不殆”。 一、短文改错万能公式 1.谓语动词的错误是历年考试的重点和热点，常见动词错误类型有： ①一般现在时与一般过去时错用; ②and前后动词时态不一致; ③主谓不一致; ④缺少动词,特别是be动词; ⑤第三人称单数形式错用; ⑥主动语态和被动语态错用。 2.名词的常见错误： 单复数名词错用，可数名词与不可数名词错用。 3.连词错误： 连词包括关系代词、副词，并列连词and/or/but等。 关于连词，一般考查从句关系： who/whom/whose/what/which/how/why/when/where/if/whether等。 4.冠词错误： 误用a和an(根据单词的第一个音素来判定); 误用a/an和the(固定搭配，或泛指、特指;多冠词或少冠词) 5.形容词和副词错误： 系动词后用形容词(be/am/is/are/was/were/become/go/感官性动词smell/feel);词性的误用(形容词修饰名词;副词修饰动词、形容词)。 6.代词错误： 代词的主格和宾格(I/me;he/him;she/her;we/us they/them)错误; 反身代词(myself/yourself/himself/herself/themselves/ourselves)使用错误; 代词的单数和复数使用错误; 代词指代错误; 多代词或少代词。 7.非谓语动词的常见错误： 不定式、动名词作主语、宾语时; and连接的不定式或动名词前后不一致(尤其距离较远时); 介词后用动名词形式作宾语;
中考英语现在完成时精讲精练 语法精讲 （一）定义 现在完成时主要用来表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。如： ?I have already seen the film. ?She has just had a bath. 第一句说明看电影是过去发生的，用了现在完成时是要表示说话者可能不想再看了，或者对该电影的内容已经很熟悉了，等等。 第二句说明她洗澡是过去发生的，用了现在完成时是要表示她不需要再洗澡了等。 （二）基本结构 现在完成时的句子结构一般为： 肯定句主语+have/has+过去分词+其他成分 ?We have already had lunch. ?He has been away for a week. 肯定句：主语+have/has+动词的过去分词+其他否定句：主语+have/has+not+动词的过去分词+其他一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+动词的过去分词+其他特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句（have/has+主语+过去分词+其他） （三）主要用法 1、表示过去发生并且已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。此时，常和谓语动 词一起使用的副词有already、just、never、ever、yet等。如： ?They have already come back from the museum. ?She has already finished her homework. 2、表示过去发生的动作持续到现在，并且有可能会继续持续下去。此时，常和谓语 动词一起使用的标志性词语主要有for和since，而且此时的谓语动词往往是持续性动词（如stay、keep、wait等）。如：
过去完成时 （1）表示在过去某一时刻或动作以前完成了的动作，可以用by, before等介词短语或一个时间状语从句(在复合句中，由时间连接词引导的状语从句叫做时间状语从句)来表示，也可以用一个表示过去的动作来表示，还可能通过上下文来表示。 例；By nine o’clock last night, we had got 200 pictures from the spaceship.到昨天晚上9点钟，我们已经收到200 张飞船发来的图片。 （2）表示由过去的某一时刻开始，一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态，常和for, since 构成的时间状语连用。 例；I had been at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally came.我在车站已经等了20分钟,一辆公共汽车终于来了。 He said he had worked in that factory since 1949.他说他自从1949年以来他就在那家工厂工作。 （3）叙述过去发生的事情，在已叙述了过去发生的事情后，反过来追述或补充以前发生的动作时，常使用过去完成时。 例；Mr. Smith died yesterday. He had been a good friend of mine. 史密斯先生昨天就去世了。他以前是我的好朋友。 I didn’t know a thing about the verbs, for I had not studied my lesson. 我对动词一无所知，因为我没有好好学习功课。 （4）在含有定语从句的主从复合句中，如果叙述的是过去的事，先发生的动作常用过去完成时。 例；I returned the book that I had borrowed.我已归还了我借的书。 She found the key that she had lost.她发现她失去了的钥匙。 （5）过去完成时常常用在told,said,knew,heard,thought等动词后的宾语从句（或间接引语）中，这时从句中的动作发生在主句表示的过去的动作之前。 例；He said that he had known her well.他说他早就很了解她了。 I thought I had sent the letter a week before.我认为我一星期前就把信寄出去了。（6）状语从句：在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，“发生在过去的过去”，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。 如when,before,after,as soon as,till/until引导的 e.g：When I woke up, it had already stopped raining.我醒来时雨已停了。 She didn’t go to bed until she had finished her work.她直到把工作做完之后才睡觉。 注意：如果两个动作紧接着发生，则常常不用过去完成时，特别是在包含before和after 的复合句中，因为这时从句的动作和主句的动作发生的先后顺序已经非常明确，这时可以用一般过去时代替过去完成时。 e.g：After he arrived in England, Marx worked hard to improve his English. 马克思到达英格兰之后，努力提高他的英语水平。 （7）动词think, want, hope, mean, plan, intend等用过去完成时来表示过去未曾实现的想法，希望，打算或意图等。 e.g：They had wanted to help but could not get there in time. 他们本来打算去帮忙，但没有及时赶到那里。 We had hoped to be able to come and see you . 我们本来希望能来看看你。 （8）过去完成时还可用在hardly when no sooner than It was the first
定义 过去完成时(past perfect)表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作或状态。它表示句子中描述的动作发生在“过去的过去”。 基本结构 主语+had+过去分词vpp.(done) ①肯定句：主语+had+过去分词. ②否定句：主语+had+not+过去分词. ③一般疑问句：Had+主语+过去分词? 肯定回答：Yes,主语+had. 否定回答：No,主语+had not . ④特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词或词组+一般疑问句（Had+主语+过去分词）？ 基本用法 （1）表示在过去某一时刻或动作以前完成了的动作，也可以说过去的时间关于过去的动作。即“过去的过去”。可以用by, before等介词短语或一个时间状语从句来表示，也可以用一个表示过去的动作来表示，还可能通过上下文来表示。 例如：By nine o’clock last night, we had got 200 pictures from the spaceship. 到昨晚9点钟，我们已经收到200 张飞船发来的图片。 （2）表示由过去的某一时刻开始，一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态，常和for, since构成的时间状语连用。 例如：I had been at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally came. 当车来的时候，我在车站已等了20分钟。 He said he had worked in that factory since 1949. 他说自从1949年以来他就在那家工厂工作。 （3）叙述过去发生的事情，在已叙述了过去发生的事情后，反过来追述或补述以前发生的动作时，常使用过去完成时。 例如：Mr. Smith died yesterday. He had been a good friend of mine. 史密斯先生昨天去世了。他以前是我的好友。 I didn’t know a thing about the verbs, for I had not studied my lesson. 我对动词一无所知，因为我没有好好学习功课。 （4）在含有定语从句的主从复合句中，如果叙述的是过去的事，先发生的动作常用过去完成时。例如：I returned the book that I had borrowed. 我已归还了我借的书。 She found the key that she had lost. 她丢失的钥匙找到了。 （5）过去完成时常常用在told,said,knew,heard,thought等动词后的宾语从句（或间接引语）中，这时从句中的动作发生在主句表示的过去的动作之前。 例如：He said that he had known her well. 他说他很熟悉她。 I thought I had sent the letter a week before. 我认为我一星期前就把信寄出去了。 （6）状语从句：在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在前，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。 如when,before,after,as soon as,till/until引导的