II．例题（一）形容词和副词
I．要点
A．形容词
1、形容词的用法
形容词是用来修饰、描绘名词的，通常在句中作定语、表语或宾补，有时还可作状语。如：
He is honest and hardworking.
I found the book interesting.
某些形容词与定冠词连用表示一类人作主语时，谓语通常用复数形式。如：The rich and the poor live in different parts of the city.
The English like to be with their families.
多个形容词作定语修饰名词的顺序：
冠词+序数词+基数词+性质状态（描述性）+形状大小+新旧老少+颜色+国籍+材料+名词。如：the second five interesting big new red Chinese wall papers.
2、形容词比较等级的形式
（1）规则形式
一般说来，单音节词及少数双音节词在后加-er; --est 来构成比较级和最高级；其他双音节词及多音节词在前加more, most.如：
great-greater-greatest
busy-busier-busiest
important-more important-(the)most important
（2）不规则形式
good (well)-better-best
bad (ill)-worse-worst
many (much)-more-most
little-less-least
（3）形容词比较等级的用法
①表示两者的比较，用形容词的比较级+than. 如：
He is cleverer than the other boys.
This one is more beautiful than that one.
②表示两者以上的比较，用"the +形容词最高级（+名词）+of(in) …"如：
He is the cleverest boy in his class.
③表示两者是同等程度，用"as +形容词原级+as". 如：
He is as tall as I.
I have as many books as you.
④越… 越…
例如：The more I learn, the happier I am.
⑤You can never be too careful. 越小心越好
又如：You can never praise the teacher too highly.
你怎么赞扬这个老师也不过分。
⑥I have never spent a more worrying day.
那一天是最令我担心的一天。
I have never had a better dinner.
这是我吃过的最好的一顿饭。
⑦My English is no better than yours.
我的英语和你的英语都不怎么样。
B．副词
1、副词的种类
（1）时间副词如：ago, before, already, just, now, early, late, finally, tomorrow 等
（2）地点副词如：here, there, near, around, in, out, up, down, back, away, outside等。
（3）方式副词如：carefully, angrily, badly, calmly, loudly, quickly, politely, nervously等。
（4）程度副词如：almost, nearly, much, greatly, a bit, a little, hardly, so, very 等。
2、副词比较等级的用法
其用法与形容词相似，只是副词最高级前可省略定冠词。如：
Of all the boys he sings (the) most beautifully.
We must work harder.
3、某些副词在用法上的区别
（1）already, yet, still
already表示某事物已经发生，主要用于肯定句；yet表示期待某事发生，主要用于否定句和疑问句；still表示某事还在进行，主要用于肯定句和疑问句，有时也可用于否定句。如：
We've already watched that film.
I haven't finished my homework yet.
He still works until late every night.
（2）too, as well, also, either
too, as well和also用于肯定句和疑问句，too和as well多用于口语，一般放在句末，而also多用于书面语，一般放在句中与动词连用。either用于否定句和否定的疑问句，往往放在句末。如：He went there too.
He didn't go there either.
I like you as well.
I also went there.
(3) hard, hardly
hardly意为"几乎"与hard在词义上完全不同。如：
I work hard every day.
I can hardly remember that.
(4) late, lately
lately意为"最近、近来"，late意为"晚、迟"。如：
He never comes late.
Have you been to the museum lately?
例1 Tom's father thinks he is already ____
A high enough
B tall enough
C enough high C enough tall
解析：该题正确答案是B。修饰人高用tall, 而建筑物的高用high,并且enough 修饰形容词要放在形容词后面。因此该题选B。
例2 ____ the worse I seem to be.
A When I take more medicine
B The more medicine I take
C Taking more of the medicine
D More medicine taken
解析：该题正确答案为B。"the+形容词比较级+… , the +形容词比较级+…"意为越…，越…。该句意为：吃的药越多，我的病越是加重。
例3"I haven't been to London yet".
"I haven't been there ____".
A too
B also
C either
D neither
解析：该题正确答案为C。A和B都用于肯定句中。D-neither本身意为否定"两者都不"，而C-either则用于否定句中，意为"也"。
例4 Mr Smith was ____ moved at the news.
A deep
B deeply
C very deep
D quite deeply
解析：该题正确答案为B。A. deep用于副词时，修饰具体的深，如dig deep,而B-deeply则修饰表示感情色彩的词，如该题为deeply moved.另如deeply regret 等。而D-quite和deeply均为副词，不能互相修饰。
（二）介词
I．要点
1、介词和种类
（1）简单介词，常用的有at, in, on, about, across, before, beside, for , to, without等。
（2）复合介词，如by means of, along with, because of, in front of, instead of 等。
2、介词和其他词类的习惯搭配关系
（1）和动词的搭配，如agree with, ask for, belong to, break away from, care about等。
（2）和形容词的搭配，如afraid of, angry with, different from, good at
（3）和名词的搭配，如answer to , key to, reason for, cause of, visit to等.
3、介词短语可以有自己的修饰语，这种修饰语通常有right, just, badly, all, well, directly, completely等少数几个副词。如：
He came right after dinner.
He lives directly opposite the school.
4、某些介词的意义与用法举例
（1）at, on, in（表时间）
表示时间点用at,如at four o'clock, at midnight等；表示不确定的时间或短期假日也用at,如at that time, at Christmas等。
指某天用on, 如on Monday, on the end of November, 指某天的朝夕用on,如on Friday morning, on the afternoon of September lst等。
指长于或短于一天的时段用in,如in the afternoon, in February, in Summer, in 1999等。
（2）between, among（表位置）
between仅用于二者之间，但说三者或三者以上中的每两个之间的相互关系时，也用between, 如
I'm sitting between Tom and Alice.
The village lies between three hills.
among用于三者或三者以上之间。如：
He is the best among the students.
（3）beside, besides
beside意为"在…旁边"，而besides意为"除…之外"。如：
He sat beside me.
What do you want besides this?
（4）in the tree, on the tree
in the tree 指动物或人在树上，而on the tree 指果实、树叶长在树上
（5）on the way, in the way, by the way, in this way
on the way 指在路上in the way 指挡道
by the way 指顺便问一句in this way 用这样的方法
（6）in the corner, at the corner
in the corner 指在拐角内at the corner 指在拐角外
（7）in the morning, on the morning
in the morning 是一般说法on the morning 特指某一天的早晨
（8）by bus, on the bus
by bus 是一般说法on the bus 特指乘某一辆车
II．例题
例1 Do you know any other foreign language____ English?
A except
B but
C beside
D besides
解析：A、B两项except等于but，意为"除了…"，C-beside意为"在…旁边"，不符合题意。而D-besides, 意为"除了…之外，还有"。所以该题正确答案为D。该题意为：除了英语外，你还知道别的语言吗？
例2 He suddenly returned ____ a rainy night.
A on
B at
C in
D during
解析：我们均知道，at night这一短语，但如果night前有修饰词，表具体的夜晚，则要用介词on来修饰，故该题正确答案为A。
例3 I'm looking forward ____your letter.
A to
B in
C at
D on
解析：该题正确答案为A。look forward to 为固定搭配，意为"期望、盼望"。（三）连词
I．要点
1、连词的种类
（1）并列连词用来连接并列关系的词、短语或分句，如and, for, or, both…and, either…or, neither…nor等。
（2）从属连词用来引导从句，如that, if, whether, when, after, as soon as等。
除了从属连词（引导状语从句）外，还有其它可以用来引导从句的词类。它们是连接代词和连接副词（引导名词性从句），关系代词和关系副词（引导定语从句）。
2、常用连词举例
(1)and 和，并且
They drank and sang all night.
(2) both…and 和，既…也…
Both my parents and I went there.
(3) but 但是，而
I'm sad, but he is happy.
(4) either…or 或…或…，要么…要么…
Either you're wrong, or I am.
(5) for因为
I asked him to stay, for I had something to tell him.
(6) however 然而，可是
Af first, he didn't want to go there. Later, however, he decided to go.
(7) neither…nor 既不…也不
Neither my parents nor my aunt agrees with you.
(8) not only…but(also) 不但…而且…
He not only sings well, but also dances well.
(9) or 或者，否则
Hurry up, or you'll be late.
Are you a worker or a doctor?
(10) so 因此，所以
It's getting late, so I must go.
(11) although 虽然
Although it was late, they went on working.
(12) as soon as 一…就
I'll tell him as soon as I see him.
(13) because 因为
He didn't go to school, because he was ill.
（14）unless 除非，如果不
I won't go unless it is fine tomorrow.
（15）until 直到…
He didn't leave until eleven. (瞬间动词用于not… until 结构)
He stayed there until eleven.
（16）while 当…时候，而(表示对比)
While I stayed there, I met a friend of mine. (while后不可用瞬间动词)
My pen is red while his is blue.
（17）for 因为
He was ill, for he didn't come. (结论是推断出来的)
（18）since自从…
I have lived here since my uncle left.
（19）hardly… when 一… 就
I had hardly got to the station when the train left.
（20）as far as 就… 来说
As far as I know, that country is very small.
You may walk as far as the lake. (一直走到湖那里)
II．例题
例1 John plays football ____, if not better than, David.
A as well
B as well as
C so well
D so well as
解析：该题意为：John踢足球如果不比David好的话，那也踢得和David
一样好。和…一样好为as well as. 故该题正确答案为B。
例2 She thought I was talking about her daughter, ____, in fact, I was talking about my daughter.
A when
B where
C which
D while
解析：该处意为"然而"，只有while有此意思，故选D。
例3 Would you like a cup of coffee ____ shall we get down to business right away?
A. and
B. then
C. or
D. otherwise
解析：该处意为"或者"，正确答案为C。
英语语法知识难点（二）
（四）动词时态、语态
I．要点
1、一般现在时
（1）表示经常发生的动作或现在存在的状态，常与sometimes, always, often, every day等时间状语连用。如：Sometimes, we go swimming after school.
（2）表示客观真理、科学事实等。如：The earth goes round the sun.
2、现在进行时
(1) 表示说话时或现阶段正在进行的动作，常与now, at present等时间状语连用。如：
What are you doing now?
(2) 和always, continually等连用，表一种经常反复的动作，常含有某种情感。如：
He is always doing good deeds.
3、现在完成时
主要表示动作发生在过去，对现在仍有影响，或动作一直延续到现在，或可能
还要继续下去，常与just, already, so far, once, never 等词连用。如:Have you ever been to Beijing?
4、一般将来时
表示将来某一时间要发生的动作或存在的状态，常与tomorrow, next year等连用。如：
I'll meet you at the school gate tomorrow morning.
We're going to see a film next Monday.
5、一般过去时
表示在过去某一时间或某一阶段内发生的动作或存在的状态，常与yesterday, last year, in 1998, a moment ago等词连用。如：It happened many years ago.
6、过去进行时
表示过去某一时刻或某一时期正在发生的动作。如：
What were you doing this time yesterday?
7、过去完成时
表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作。如：
The train had already left before we arrived.
８、一般过去将来时
表示说话人从过去的角度来看将来发生的动作。如：
He said he would come, but he didn't.
９、被动语态被动语态的时态，以give为例。
II．例题
例１I learned that her father ____ in 1950.
A had died
B died
C dead
D is dead
解析：该题正确答案为Ｂ。从句中的谓语动词动作虽然发生在主句谓语动词的
动作之前，但因从句中有明确的过去时间状语in 1950, 所以不用过去完成时态，而用一般过去时态。
例２The five-year-old girl ____ by her parents.
A is looked
B has looked for
C is being looked for
D has been looked
解析：该题正确答案为Ｃ。在带有介词的动词短语用于被动语态句中，介词不能省，否则就变成了不及物动词短语，而不能用于被动语态的句子中。
（五）动词虚拟语气
I．要点
表示说的话不是事实，或者是不可能发生的情况，而是一种愿望、建议或与事实相反的假设等。一般常用于正式的书面语中。
１、虚拟语气的构成
注：如果条件从句谓语动词包含有were或had, should, could有时可将if省去, 但要倒装。如：
Had you (If you had) invited us, we would have come to your party.
２、虚拟语气在各种从句的应用
（１）在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、惋惜、理应如此等，其谓语形式是"should(可省) ＋动词原形"，常用于以下三种句型中。
句型一：It is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc) that…
句型二：It is a pity (a shame, no wonder, etc) that…
句型三：It is sugges ted (requested, proposed, desired, etc) that…
如：It is strange that he (should) have done that.
It is a pity that he (should) be so careless.
It is requested that we (should) be so careless.
（２）在宾语从句中用于suggest, propose, move, insist, desire, demand, request, order, command等动词后的宾语从句中，表间接的命令和建议。其谓语形式是
"(should)+动词原形"。如：
I suggest that we (should) go swimming.
（３）在表语从句中，表示间接的命令，要求、请求、建议、决定等，主句中的主语通常是suggestion, proposal, request, orders, idea等。从句谓语形式是"(should)＋动词原形"。如：
His suggestion is that we (should) leave at once.
（４）在同位语从句中，谓语形式是"(should)＋动词原形"。如：
We received order that the work be done at once.
（５）在It is time that…句型中，其谓语动词形式是"动词的过去式"或"should ＋动词原形",should不可省。如：It's time (that) we went ( should go) to school.
II．例题
例１We had hoped that he ____ longer.
A stays
B have stayed
C stayed
D would stay
解析：该题正确答案为Ｄ。had hoped表示"本希望"，同样用法的动词还有think, expect等，后面的句子需用虚拟语气
例２"Mary wants to see you today".
"I would rather she ____ tomorrow than today."
A comes
B came
C should come
D will come
解析：该题正确答案为Ｂ。would rather后面的从句需用虚拟语气，用动词过去时表示。
例３Had she been older, she ____ it better.
A had done
B might have done
C might do
D would do
解析：Had she been older = If she had been old. 故该题正确答案为Ｂ。
（六）短语动词
I．要点
英语中有许多短语动词在意义上是一个整体，其用法有的相当于及物动词，有的相当于不及物动词，有的兼有及物动词和不及物动词的特征。英语短语动词的构成主要有以下六种：
（１）动词＋介词
常见的有look for, look after, send for, care about, ask for, laugh at, hear of (from), add to, lead to等。这类短语动词的宾语只能放在介词后。如：
Don't laugh at others.
I didn't care about it.
（２）动词＋副词
常见的有give up, pick up, think over, find out, hand in, point out等。这类短语动词的宾语如果是名词，既可放在副词前边，又可放在副词后边；宾语如果是人称代词或反身代词，则要放在副词前边。如：You'll hand in your homework tomorrow.
Please don't forget to hand it in.
（３）动词＋副词＋介词
常见的有look down upon, go on with, break away from, add up to, catch up with 等。这类短语动词的宾语只能放在介词后边。如：
All his money added up to no more than $100.
After a short rest, he went on with his research work.
（４）动词＋名词＋介词
常见的有take care of, make use of, pay attention to, make fun of 等。这类短语动词的宾语只能放在介词后边。如：You should pay attention to your handwriting.
We should make full use of our time.
（５）动词＋形容词
常见的有leave open, set free, cut open等。这类短语动词的宾语如果是名词，则宾语可放在形容词的前边，也可放在后边；宾语如果是人称代词或反身代词，则必须放在形容词前边。如：
The prisoners were set free.
He cut it open.
（６）动词＋名词
常见的有take place, make friends等。这类短语动词用作不及物动词。如：This story took place three years ago.
I make friends with a lot of people.
（7）辨析
give away(让给，暴露) 和give up（放弃，停止）
put away（放起，收起）和put out （扑灭）
turn up（出席，放大）和turn on （打开）
keep out（阻止）和keep off （不让靠近）
make up（编造，补上）和make out（辨认）
take off（脱，起飞）和take out（拿出）
II．例题
例１It is wise to have some money ____ for old age.
A put away
B kept up
C given away
D laid up
解析：该题正确答案为Ａ。意为"存"；keep up意为"继续"；give away意为"分发"；lay up"贮藏"。例２Here's my card. Let's keep in ____.
A touch
B relation
C connection
D friendship
解析：该题正确答案为A. keep in touch为短语动词，意为"保持联系"。
例３____! There's a train coming.
A Look out
B Look around
C Look forward
D Look on
解析：该题选A. look out 意为"小心"。
（七）动词不定式
I．要点
１、不定式的形式。以动词write为例。
２、不定式的句法功能
（１）作主语
To hear from you is nice.
To be a good teacher is not easy.
不定式作主语时，为了保持句子的平衡，往往以it作形式主语，而不定式置于谓语动词后。如：It's nice to hear from you.
It's not easy to be a good teacher.
（２）作宾语
通常用于want, hope, wish, like, need, hate, begin, start, remember, agree, learn, pretend, refuse, manage, help等词后。如：I forgot to lock the door.
Please remember to write to me.
（３）作表语
My job is to pick up letters.
He seemed to have heard nothing.
（４）作定语
不定式作定语时，须放在它所修饰的名词或代词后。如：
I have two letters to write.
I have a lot of work to do.
（５）作宾补
通常用于want, wish, ask, order, tell, know, help, advise, allow, cause, force等词后。如：
He ordered her to leave at once.
He was forced to obey his order.
（６）作状语
He got up early to catch the first bus.
He worked hard to catch up with the other students.
（７）作独立成分
To tell you the truth, I told a lie.
（８）"疑问词＋不定式"结构。如：
I don't know how to choose them.
I cannot decide where to go.
（9）不定式的否定式。如：
I decided not to go.
（10）不定式的完成式。如：
He seemed to have cleaned the room before I came in.
The boy is said to have been sent to the hospital last week.
（11）too…to 结构。如：
He was too excited to go to sleep.
He was only too glad to go. (他太高兴了，乐意去)
（12）主动表被动。如：
The book is easy to read.
I have a book to read.
II．例题
例１I haven't got a chair ____.
A to sit
B for to sit on
C to sit on
D for sitting
解析：该题选C。不定式to sit on在句中作定语，修饰名词chair. 因为不定式和它所修饰的名词间是"动宾关系"，所以不定式必须是及物动词，故此处on不能省略。
例2 He was made ____. A go B gone C going D to go
解析：该题选D。make sb. do sth. 如果是被动形式，不定式do前的to不能省略。
例3 A new factory is ____ very soon.
A to be built
B built
C to build
D to building
解析：该题选A。is to be built意为"将要被建"。
（八）动名词
I．要点
动名词既具有动词的一些特征，又具有名词的句法功能。
１、动名词的形式，以write为例。
否定式not +动名词
２、动名词的用法
（１）作主语
Playing football is my favorite sport.
Travelling with friends at weekend is fun.
作主语的动名词结构复杂且长时，可用it作形式主语。如：
It is fun travelling with friends at weekend.
（２）作宾语
I enjoy playing PC game.
He gave up writing five years ago.
（３）作表语
What he hated most was doing nothing.
Seeing is believing.
动名词作表语时，句子的主语常是无生命名词或what引导的名词性从句。（４）作定语
There's a dining room in my school.
All the people watching laughed.
（５）动名词的复合结构"物主代词（或名词的所有格）+动名词"。如：Tom's going home late made her mother angry.
Would you mind my opening the window?
不过，动名词的逻辑主语在遇到以下情况时，必须用名词的普通格（或人称代词的宾格）。
①无生命名词
The girls were afraid of the door suddenly closing.
Fire burns better by oxygen being at work.
②有生命名词，但表泛指。
Have you ever heard of girls smoking?
③两个以上的有生命的名词并列。
Do you still remember my parents and me coming to see you that day?
3．后面常接动名词的动词和短语
mind, enjoy, finish, consider, practise, magine,
keep, suggest, advise, allow, permit,
be worth doing, be used to doing, be busy doing,
can't help doing, it is no good doing, it is no use doing,
look forward to doing, stick to doing, pay attention to doing,
devote to doing, lead to doing
II．例题
例１She says she doesn't feel like ____ out with you.
A going
B to go
C for going
D went
解析：该题正确答案为A。feel like = want, 此处like 为介词，后面要接名词或动名词作宾语
例２The garden needs ____.
A water
B watering
C to water
D watered
解析：该题正确答案为B。need = want = require. 如果物作主语，此三者后要接动名词或to be done这一结构作宾语。
例３Excuse me ____ you.
A interrupting
B to interrupt
C interrupted
D to have interrupted
解析：该题正确答案为A。excuse 后接动名词作宾语，此句中的me为动名词的逻辑主语（常用于口语中）。
（九）分词
I．要点
分词既具有动词的一些特征，又具有形容和副词的句法功能。它分为现在分词和过去分词两类。现在分词和过去分词的主要差别在于现在分词有一般式和完成式，过去分词则只有一般式。现在分词表动作正在进行，表主动。过去分词及物动词表动作已经完成，表被动。过去分词不及物动词表动作已经完成，表主动。过去分词的句法功能：
１、作定语
I like to read the novel written by Lu Xun.
The woman sitting beside the broken window was a friend of mine.
２、作表语
When I came into the room, I found the window was broken.
I'm interested in this book.
３、作宾语补足语
I'm going to have my bike repaired.
When I walked home, I saw the thief caught by the police.
4、作状语
Seen from the top of the mountain, the city looks small.
The teacher came into the classroom, followed by his students.
现在分词的句法功能。
1、作状语
Seeing from the top of the mountain, I found the city was beautiful.
Walking along the street, they suddenly saw him.
2、作宾语
I hate being spoken ill of.
He considered visiting Japan during the winter vocation.
3、作表语
Seeing is believing.
The book is interesting.
4、作宾语补足语
I noticed him crossing the street.
Mother caught him smoking in the kitchen.
5、作定语
Do you know the man writing a letter?
The worker running a machine is my brother.
分词使用中的几个问题
1、现在分词的完成式
Having cleaned the room, I went out.
2、现在分词的否定式
Not having received any letter, he felt a little worried.
3、现在分词与过去分词的不同
现在分词表示主动、正在，过去分词表示被动、完成
I found the man killed there.
I found the man standing there.
4、have结构
We have the car repaired.
We have repaired the car.
We have Tom repair the car.
We have Tom repairing the car the whole morning.
5、分词作表语
We were excited at the news.
The football game is exciting.
6、独立主格结构
It being a fine day, we went out to visit the park.
II．例题
例1、Time_______，I'll go on a picnic with you.
A. permit
B. to permit
C. permitted
D. permitting
解析：该题答案为D。Time permitting…是独立主格结构，意为"如果时间允许的话…"
例2、_______ if he had any bad habit, she replied that he was a heavy smoker. A. Ask B. To ask C. Asked D. Asking
解析：该题答案为C。主语she是被问。
英语语法知识难点（三）
（十）情态动词与助动词
I．要点
助动词本身无意义，在句中帮助主要动词构成一定的时态，语态、语气，或是帮助构成否定句和疑问句，常用的助动词有be, do, have, shall(should), will(would). 情态动词表一定的词义，本身并不表示动作或状态，而仅仅表达说话人的态度，它在句中须和主要动词一起构成谓语，主要的情态动词有can(could), may (might), must, have to, ought to, need, dare, shall, should, will, would.
1、can 能，可以，表说话人同意，许可还可表客观条件许可，如:You can go now. 提建议或请求时可用can I, can you表客气，如Can I buy you a drink?
can和be able to表能力时的区别。
can表一般具有的能力，be able to表在特定条件下的能力，如:Although the driver was badly hurt, he was able to explain what had happened.
2、may
（1）、可以，表说话人同意，许可或请求对方许可。You may go.
（2）、（现在和将来）可能，也许，只用于肯定句和否定句中，如He may not be right.
3、must, have to
must表主观上的必须，have to表客观上的必须，如:It's getting late. I have to go.
-Must I go now. -Yes, you must.
(No, you needn't./ No, you don't have to.)
4、need, dare这二词有实意动词和情态动词两种词性，如用作实意动词后接动词不定式to do，如用作情态动词后接动词原形。Need I go now? --Yes, you must./No, you needn't.)
5、shall用于第一人称疑问句中表说话人征求对方的意见或向对方请求，如，Shall we begin our lesson?
用于二、三人称陈述句，表说话人命令、警告、允诺、威胁等口吻，如: You shall fail if you don't work harder.
6、should表应该，意为有责任，有义务。如:We should try our best to make our country more beautiful.
7、will表有做某事的意志、意愿、安心、打算，如"Will you lend me your book?" "Yes, I will."，
8、should have done表应该做而未做
must have done表对过去事实的肯定推测
could have done表本可以做某事
9、判断句：肯定句用must, 否定句用can't, 不太肯定用may, might
He must be in the office now.
He must have gone to bed, for the light is out.
He can't be in the office. He is at home.
He couldn't have cleaned the classroom, because he didn't come here today.
He might be in the office, I am not sure.
He might have cleaned the room, I suppose.
II．例题
例1，They _______ to walk in the street at might.
A. didn't dare
B. not dared
C. not dare
D. dared not
解析，该题答案为A，此空需选一动词作谓语，因为后面是to walk, didn't dare 是行为动词dare过去时态的否定形式。
例2，When he was very old, Mr. Smith _______ sit for hours without saying a word.
A. would
B. should
C. must
D. used
解析，该题答案为A, would此处表过去的倾向性，习惯性动作，意为"总是"如: When we were children, we would go swimming every summer.
（十一）句子种类
I．要点
句子按使用目的可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句；按结构又分为简单句、并列句和复合句。
1、陈述句的否定
（1）在含有宾语从句的主从复合句中，当主句的谓语动词是think, expect, believe, suppose, guess, fancy, imagine等，且主句主语是第一人称时，宾语从句谓
语的否定习惯上要移到主句谓语上，如: I don't think he is right.
（2）含有否定意义的副词never, seldom, hardly, scarcely, rarely, barely的句子应视为否定句，如: I have never been there before.
2、反意疑问句
（1）need和dare 既可作情态动词，又可作实意动词，在反问部分须加以区别，如We needn't leave, need we? We don't need to leave, do we?
（2）陈述部分出现否定意义的副词或代词如never, seldom, few, hardly, little 等时，反问部分须用肯定形式如：He seldom comes, does he?
（3）陈述部分用不定代词作主语时，反问部分的主语用it ，如：Nothing can stop me, can it?
陈述部分用everybody, everyone, somebody, someone，等作主语时，反问部分常用it，有时也用they，如:Everybody knows that, don't they?
（4）陈述部分包括used to 时，反问部分可有两种形式，如: You used to get up early, usedn't (didn't) you?
（5）陈述部分是"there + be"结构时，反问部分用there，如:There's something wrong with you, isn't there?
（6）陈述部分是含有宾语从句的主从复合句时，反问部分的主语和谓语应和主句保持一致，如: He never told others what he thought, did he?
但，如果是I think , I believe等+宾语从句时，反问部分须和从句的动词保持一致，如，I don't think he is right, is he? I don't believe he does that, does he?
3、感叹句
用what或how,
What a beautiful park it is.
How beautiful a park it is.
How beautiful the park is.
How we worked!
4、祈使句
Take care!
Don't stand there.
Please open the door for the old lady.
II．例题
例1，Don't forget to post the letter, _______ ?
A. will you
B. do you
C. won't you
D. shall you
解析：该题答案为A，在否定句、祈使句后只用"will you"?，但肯定的祈使句后可用如，Wait for me, will (won't, can, can't, could) you?
例2，Let's go out for a walk, _______ ?
A. will you
B. won't you
C. shall we
D. do we
解析：该题答案为C，let's…后加上shall we来表语气婉转、客气，而在let us 后加上will you。
例3，He hardly writes to you, _______ ?
A. doesn't he
B. does he
C. do they
D. has he
解析：该题答案为B，hardly否定副词，反问部分要用肯定形式。
（十二）各种从句
I．要点
根据从句在句中的句法功能，从句可分为名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句。
1、名词性从句
（1）主语从句
What he wants is a piece of paper.
It is believed that he can solve the problem.
注：主语从句的谓语动词用单数。
（2）宾语从句
I don't know how to solve the problem.
Do you know where he lives?
（3）表语从句
The problem is who can help me.
This is why I came here.
（4）同位语从句
I have no idea where he went.
I heard the news that he would come.
同位语从句用that引导，常跟在fact, idea, news, promise, thought, message, hope, belief, doubt等词后，that在从句中不作任何成分。
2、定语从句
在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词，或修饰整个主句的从句叫做定语从句，引导定语从句的关系代词有who, whom, whose, which, that, as,和关系副词when, where, why。
（1）that指物时一般可与which互换，但在下列情况下，要用that而不用which。
a. 先行词有all, everything等不定代词时，如，
Everything (that) he did is wrong.
b. 先行词被all, every, no, some, any, little, much等修饰时，如，
I'll read all the books (that) you lend me.
c. 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时，
This is the first letter (that) the boy has written.
d. 先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last修饰时，如
He is the very man (that) I'm looking for.
e. 只用which的情况
在介词后或在非限定性定语从句中
This is the book about which we have talked a lot.
The book, which he gave me yesterday, is very interesting.
f. where和when作关系副词
This is the room where I worked.
This is the room which I stayed in.
I remembered the day when we lived there.
I remembered the day that I spent there.
g. as和which
as 可以放于句首，而which 不可以
As you know, he is good at English.
three of them 和three of which
I have a lot of books, three of which are in Russian.
I have a lot of books and three of them are in Russian.
3、状语从句
在复合句中起状语作用的从句叫做状语从句。状语从句可分为时间状语、地点状语、原因状语、目的状语、结果状语、条件状语、行为方式状语、比较状语、让步状语等多种。
II．例题
例1、_______ I accept the gift or refuse it is none of your business.
A. If
B. Whether
C. Even if
D. No matter when
解析：该题答案为B。whether可以和or连用，if不可以，此外if一般仅用于宾语从句。
例2、The way _______ these comrades look at problems is wrong.
A. where
B. in that
C.X
D. with which
解析：该题答案为C，先行词是way，定语从句中用that或in which来引导或不填。
例3，____a long time since I saw you last time.
A．It was B. It is C. It had been D. It can be
解析：该题答案为B，It is +时间数+ since引导的从句是一个句型，意为"从…时候以来过了多久了。"
（十三）主谓一致
I．要点
谓语受主语支配，须和主语在人称和数上保持一致，这叫做主谓一致，主谓一致包括语法一致、意义上一致和就近一致。
1、语法上一致
（1）、以单数名词或代词，动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词要用单数，主语为复数时，谓语用复数，如，
To work hard is necessary for a student.
（2）、用and或both……and连接的并列主语，谓语动词用复数，如，
Both he and I are right.
但并列主语如果指的是同一人，同一事物或同一概念，谓语动词用单数，如, His teacher and friend is a beautiful girl.
（3）、主语是单数时，尽管后面跟有as well as, but ,except, besides, with ,along with, together with, like等，谓语动词仍用单数，如，
The teacher as well as his students is excited.
（4）、某些不定代词，如做主语，谓语动词要用单数，如:Everyone has a book. （5）、一些只有复数形式的名词，如people, cattle, clothes等作主语时，谓语动词要用复数，如，A lot of people are dancing outside.
2、意义上一致
（1）、表时间、距离、价格、度量衡等的名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数，如，
Twenty years is not a long time.
（2）、表示总称意义的名词public, police, cattle, clothes等作主语时，谓语动词用复数，如，
People are talking about the accident.
（3）、有些集合名词，如family, team等作主语，如作为一个整体看待，谓语动词用单数，如指其中每个成员，则用复数，如，
My family is a big one.
My family are watching TV.
3、邻近一致
用连词or, either……or, neither……nor, whether……or, not only…but also,等连接的并列主语，如果一个是单数，一个是复数，则谓语动词按就近一致原则，与最靠近它的主语一致，如，
Either you or I am mad.
II．例题
例1、The chemical works _______ where my father has worked for thirty years in 1949.
A. was built
B. were built
C. is built
D. are built
解析：该题答案为A。works形式上是复数，意思上是单数，因此谓语动词用单数，类似的还有news, maths, politics, physics.
例2、They each _______ a copy of the new physics.
A. have
B. has
C. having
D. gets
解析：该题答案为A。They each不等于each of …, each of 这个词组作主语谓语用单数如each of the students hands in their homework，而they each作主语，谓语要随each前面的词来变化。
英语语法知识难点（四）
（十四）倒装
I．要点
按"主语+谓语"这种顺序排列的句子是陈述语序，如果变为"谓语（或谓语的一部分）+主语"，就是倒装语序。
1、全部倒装
（1）there be 句型
There is going to be a meeting.
There is a book on the table.
（2）here, there, now, then, in, out等副词置于句首时，主谓倒装，但如果主语
第二十四讲 否定 英语中的否定结构形式多样, 有部分否定、全部否定、几乎否定、双重否定等。在译成 汉语时, 有时要将否定结构译成肯定含义, 有时又要将肯定结构译成否定含义; 有时在英语中否定主语, 可是译成汉语时就转换成否定谓语。诸如此类的现象很多, 值得探讨。 一、常用否定表示法 1. 部分否定 代词或副词如all, both, every, everybody, every day, everyone, many, everything, entirely, altogether, absolutely, wholly, completely, everywhere, always , often 等与not 搭 配使用时, 表示部分否定, 意为“并非都是, 不是每个都是”等。例如: Both of them are not my brothers . 他们两个不全是我的兄弟。 这一句是部分否定, 不可译成“他们两个都不是我的兄弟”。如要表达这个意思, 要说: Neither of them is my brother . All is not gold that glitters . = Not all is gold that glitters . 发光的并非都是黄金。 Every man can not do it . = Not every man can do it . 不是每个人都能做这件事。 I do not remember all these formulas . 这些公式我并非全都记得。 This kind of tree is not found everywhere . 这种树并非哪里都能找到。 Everyone can not answer this question . 并非每个人都能回答这个问题。 The rich are not always happy . 富人未必总是幸福的。 Every couple is not a pair . 成对成双多, 珠联璧合少。( = Not every couple is a pair . ) Not all her work is successful . 并非她所有的工作都是成功的。 Not every child wants to become a film star . 并非所有的孩子都想成为电影明星。 Every man cannot be a writer . 并非每个人都可成为作家。 She is not always excited . 她并非总是兴奋。 I don..t altogether agree with you . 我并不完全同意你。 He is not absolutely wrong . 他并不完全错。 I don..t wholly believe it . 我并不完全相信它。 She is not entirely mistaken . 她并没有完全弄错。 Note: 汉语有句成语:“明修栈道, 暗度陈仓”, 指的是一种虚虚实实、声东击西、使人莫辨真 相的战术, 表现了虚指与实指、形式与实质的不同。说来也巧, 英语语言中的否定结 构也往往具有这种形与实不符的现象, 形式上否定的是A, 但实际意义上否定的却 是B, 等等。这种否定的虚实移位, 往往造成歧义, 须细加辨别。 ①否定主语, 但否定词not 在形式上往往否定谓语, 也就是上文所说的“部分否定”。 全称代词all , both 等作否定句主语时, 都可能产生否定移位, 形式上否定全体, 但 实际上否定部分, 参阅上文。再如: Everybody can not enjoy the music . ( = Not everybody can enjoy the music . )并非 每个人都能欣赏这首曲子。
广州中考英语五年英语语法选择真题 广州中考五年英语语法选择真题 2009年 Homework can put you in a bad mood(情绪)，but that might be a good thing. New research shows that being too happy can sometimes 26 your learning performance. Researchers wanted to know 27 mood would affect(影响）the way children learn. So they decided to do a study. In the study, each child 28 20 problems. In each problem a small shape was hidden inside a different, larger shape. The children had to find the small shape while they were listening to either happy 29 sad music. To measure their mood, the researchers asked the children 30 to one of the five faces, from laughing 31 crying. Children 32 listened to happy music pointed to the smiling faces, showing that they felt 33 . Children who listened to sad music pointed to the crying faces instead. The researchers found that sad children took less time to find the small shapes. They also correctly found three or more shapes.
2016年中考英语语法难点汇总 介词 I. 要点 1、介词和种类 (1) 简单介词，常用的有at, in, on, about, across, before, beside, for , to, without 等。 (2) 复合介词，如by means of, along with, because of, in front of, instead of 等。 2、介词和其他词类的习惯搭配关系 (1) 和动词的搭配，如agree with, ask for, belong to, break away from, care about 等。 (2) 和形容词的搭配，如afraid of, angry with, different from, good at 等。 (3) 和名词的搭配，如answer to , key to, reason for, cause of, visit to 等。 3、介词短语可以有自己的修饰语，这种修饰语通常有right, just, badly, all, well, directly, completely 等少数几个副词。如：He came right after dinner. He lives directly opposite the school. 4、某些介词的意义与用法举例 (1) at, on, in (表时间) 表示时间点用at，如at four o'clock, at midnight 等；表示不确定的时间或短期假日也用at，如at that time, at Christmas 等。 指某天用on, 如on Monday, on the end of November, 指某天的朝夕用on，如on Friday morning, on the afternoon of September lst 等。 指长于或短于一天的时段用in，如in the afternoon, in February, in Summer, in 1999 等。 (2) between, among (表位置) between 仅用于二者之间，但说三者或三者以上中的每两个之间的相互关系时，也用between, 如 I'm sitting between Tom and Alice. The village lies between three hills.
初中英语语法综合测试题 1. They want their daughter to go to university, and they also want her to get summer job. A. /; a B. the; a C. an; a D. a; the 2.—Would your younger brother go for a picnic this Sunday? —If I don’t go, . A. so does he B. so will he C. neither does he D. neither will he 3. —Are these books ? —No, they are not mine, they belong to . A. your, her B. yours, her C. you, hers D. yours, she 4. People went to the concert which was held in People’s Square the night of May day. A. Thousands of, in B. Thousand, on C. Many thousand, in D. Thousands of, on 5. The more you smile, the you will feel. A. happy B. happily C. more happily D. happier 6. I will send you an e-mail as soon as I in Canada. A. am arriving B. will arrive C. arrive D. arrived 7. Jack dislike the weather in Beijing in spring, because there is so much wind and sand. But now he it. A. is used to, used to B. used to, is used to C. was used to, is used to D. used to, uses to 8. There on the wall. They are very beautiful. A. are photos B. are photoes C. is a photo D. is photos 9. This kind of car made in Shanghai. A. is B. are C. were D. has 10. The of the cottage were covered with . A. roofs; leafs B. roofs; leaves C. roves; leafs D. roves; leaves 11. Something was wrong with car, but luckily they knew how to fix it. A. Jim’s and Tom’s B. Jim and Tom’s C. Jim’s and Tom D. Jim and Tom 12. There are four and two in the group.
训练题一 Mr. King was a strange man. He liked travelling and animals very much. He founded his own empire(帝国). Mr. King lived with six hundred wild animals on the Greek Island of Kyklos. After he left school, he 26 all over the world collecting animals for his own zoo. He hoped 27 two examples of every kind of animal on his island. 28 he was afraid that people would find him someday. In his spare time, he 29 books about his travels, and about his animals 30 he collected the money from the books and helped to pay for the food 31 these animals ate. One day, when Mr. King was out 32 drinking water, he found oil. He needed money for his travels and for 33 zoo, and a little oil would buy enough water for what he needed all his life, but he knew that if he told anybody else about it, it would be 34 end of zoo and his life’s work. So he decided 35 anyone about what he had found, because oil and water couldn’t mix. ( )26. A. has traveled B. had traveled C. traveled D. travels ( )27. A. to collect B. collecting C. collects D. collect ( )28. A. Or B. And C. But D. So ( )29. A. write B. writes C. wrote D. is writing ( )30. A. so that B. and that C. as to D. that ( )31. A. what B. who C. when D. which ( )32. A. looks forward to B. to look at C. looking for D. looked after ( )33. A. its B. his C. her D. their ( )34. A. a B. an C. the D.不填 ( )35. A. to not tell B. to tell not C. not telling D. not to tell 训练题二 In California, there lives a pretty girl called Donna Green. She is a 26 girl with big eyes and golden hair. She is good at singing and 27 the first place in the Singing Competition three times. But two years ago she became very weak. She had an unhealthy heart. “Donna needs a new heart, 28 she will die soon.” The doctor said. Jim Smith, 15, 29 was worried about Donna, was her best friend. He liked her very much and didn’t want her 30 . Jim talked to his mother about Donna. “I’m going to die, and I 31 my heart to Donna.” Jim’s mother didn’t pay much attention to him. She thought, “Jim is strong and healthy. He is still young.”
中考英语重点语法解析 一．英语语法重点与难点 1、as…as…结构：你和汤姆是一样好的孩子。 You’re a boy as good as Tom.=You’re as good a boy as Tom. 2、(1)too…to与so…that sb. can’t…的句型转换：前者为简单句，主语只有一个，而后者为复合句，主语有两个，试比较： The man was too angry to be able to speak. The man was so angry that he wasn’t able to speak. (2) too…to…与not enough to句型的转换： He is too young to get married.=He is not old enough to get married. The book is too difficult for me to read.= The book is not easy enough for me to read. 3、形容词原级表示比较级含义： 约翰不象迈克那么苯。 John is not so stupid as Mike. John is less stupid than Mike. John is cleverer than Mike. 4、用比较级表示最高级：约翰是班里最高的男生。 John is taller than any other boy in the class. John is the tallest boy in the class. 5、the more….. the more….表示“越……越……”: The more books you read, the wider your knowledge is.
最新中考英语语法填空易错点汇总及练习测试题经典 一、初三中考语法填空（含答案详细解析） 1．阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。 About ten years ago when I was at university, I worked at my university's museum. One day ________ I was working in the gift shop, I saw two old people come ________ with a little girl in a wheelchair （轮椅）. As I looked closer ________ this girl, I realized she had no arms or legs, just a head, neck and body. She was ________ （wear） a little white dress. When the old people pushed her up to me, I was looking down at the desk. I turned my head and gave ________ （she） a smile. As I took the money from her grandparents, I looked back at the girl, who was giving me the cutest, ________ （happy） smile I had ever seen. Just at that ________ , her physical handicap （生理缺陷）was gone. All I saw was this beautiful girl, whose smile just impressed me ________ almost gave me a completely new idea of what life is all about. She took me from a poor, unhappy university student and brought me into her world, a world of smiles and love. That was ten years ago. I'm a ________ （success） business person now and whenever I feel frustrated and think about the trouble of the world, I will think of that little girl and the unusual lesson about life that she ________ （teach） me. 【答案】when/while；in；at；wearing；her；the happiest；time/moment；and；successful；taught 【解析】【分析】文章大意：大学期间遇到的一个坐轮椅的小女孩，她的可爱的乐观的微笑改变了我的人生观。十多年以来，她的微笑始终激励着我。 （1）句意：有一天，我在礼品店工作时，看到两个老人带着一个坐轮椅的小女孩进来。分析句式结构可知，I was working in the gift shop是一个时间状语从句，要用when或while 来引导；第一空格故填when或while；因I was working in the gift shop，因此two old people需要进来，我才能看到。固定短语come in，进来，第二个空格故填in。（2）句意：当我走近这个女孩时，我发现她没有胳膊或腿，只有头、脖子和身体。根据后面语句I realized she had no arms or legs, just a head, neck and body. 可知，我近距离地看到了这个小女孩。固定短语look at，看到，故填at。 （3）句意：她穿着一件白色的小裙子。wear，穿，动词，根据前面的was可知，此句要用过去进行时，故填wearing。 （4）句意：我转过头对她笑了笑。she，人称代词主格，她；固定短语give sb. sth.给某人某物，人称代词作give的宾语要用宾格，故填her。 （5）句意：她给了我一个我所见过的最可爱、最快乐的微笑。happy，开心，快乐。根据语句中的the cutest与I had ever seen可知此空要用最高级，故填the happiest。 （6）句意：就在那时，她的生理缺陷消失了。固定短语at that time，at that moment，在那时，故填time或moment。 （7）句意：我看到的只是一个美丽的女孩，她的微笑给我留下了深刻的印象，几乎让我对生活的意义有了全新的认识。分析句式结构impressed me与almost gave me a，……是小
【一】中考语法考查 必考语法点之一：被动语态 考查形式：语选，完形，完成句子题型出现，尤其是完成句子。 考察难度：考查的动词都是比较简单、拼写不会超过5个字母的单词，过去分词一般都是直接+ed出现，出题不难，要求掌握被动语态的判断、被动语态的结构和动词过去分词的正确拼写。 要点归纳： 1、主语不能发出对应的动作(主语是没有生命的东西，一定是被动语态。主语是人，从意识上去判断该动作是不是该主语发出的) 2、结构：be+过去分词+（by+动作执行者） 3、掌握的几种形式： 一般现在时的被动语态：am/is/are/+动词的过去分词（v-ed） +（by+动作执行者） 一般过去时的被动语态： was/were+动词的过去分词（v-ed）+（by+动作执行者） 现在完成时的被动语态：have/has+动词的过去分词（v-ed）+（by+动作执行者） 一般将来时的被动语态： be going to/ will +动词的过去分词（v-ed）+（by+动作执行者） 含有情态动词的被动语态：can/could/should/must+动词的过去分词（v-ed）+（by+动作执行者） 3、感官动词或使役动词使用省略to的不定式，主动语态中不带to，但变为被动语态时，须加上to Feel, hear, listen to, let, have, make, see, watch observe, notice, look at, help 例：make sb do sth = sb +be+made + to do sth 4、被动语态常考的固定搭配： Be made of Be made from Be made in Be used for Be used to do 注意下列短语和动词有“被动形式”，但没有被动的意思： be used to doing （习惯于做事） Used to do sth （过去/曾经做某事） Be made up of （由……成） Be well-known for （众所周知） 5、无被动语态的不及物动词常考的有：happen, take place, begin, start, end, belong to, come true. 7、主动表被动的动词：sell, wash, write, 和五个起来：feel, smell, look, taste, sound e.g.: The pen writes well. He looks strong. 例题一： 1.……George 11 that Grandma used to be a gentle lady, ……（2019年真题） A. tell B. told C. was told D. has told 2.……When it was time for the villagers____8______to market, they were greatly surprised to find that the man’s potatoes____9____perfectly into three groups.（2019年真题） 9.A. are divided B. were divided C. are dividing D. Divided 3.……they were greatly surprised to find that the man’s potatoes were____9____perfectly into three groups.（2019年真题） 9.A. divide B divided C. are dividing D. divides 例题二： 在中国人民的帮助下，肯尼亚在几个月前建成了一条新的现代化铁路。With the help of the Chinese 60.people, a new and modern railway in Kenya _____ ______ several months ago.（2019年真题） was built 61.这项工程很快就会完成。 The project ________ ________ ________ soon.（2019年真题） will; be; finished/completed(考查一般将来时的被动语态）
中考英语语法填空知识点(大全)经典 一、初三中考语法填空（含答案详细解析） 1．阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。 About ten years ago when I was at university, I worked at my university's museum. One day ________ I was working in the gift shop, I saw two old people come ________ with a little girl in a wheelchair （轮椅）. As I looked closer ________ this girl, I realized she had no arms or legs, just a head, neck and body. She was ________ （wear） a little white dress. When the old people pushed her up to me, I was looking down at the desk. I turned my head and gave ________ （she） a smile. As I took the money from her grandparents, I looked back at the girl, who was giving me the cutest, ________ （happy） smile I had ever seen. Just at that ________ , her physical handicap （生理缺陷）was gone. All I saw was this beautiful girl, whose smile just impressed me ________ almost gave me a completely new idea of what life is all about. She took me from a poor, unhappy university student and brought me into her world, a world of smiles and love. That was ten years ago. I'm a ________ （success） business person now and whenever I feel frustrated and think about the trouble of the world, I will think of that little girl and the unusual lesson about life that she ________ （teach） me. 【答案】when/while；in；at；wearing；her；the happiest；time/moment；and；successful；taught 【解析】【分析】文章大意：大学期间遇到的一个坐轮椅的小女孩，她的可爱的乐观的微笑改变了我的人生观。十多年以来，她的微笑始终激励着我。 （1）句意：有一天，我在礼品店工作时，看到两个老人带着一个坐轮椅的小女孩进来。分析句式结构可知，I was working in the gift shop是一个时间状语从句，要用when或while 来引导；第一空格故填when或while；因I was working in the gift shop，因此two old people需要进来，我才能看到。固定短语come in，进来，第二个空格故填in。（2）句意：当我走近这个女孩时，我发现她没有胳膊或腿，只有头、脖子和身体。根据后面语句I realized she had no arms or legs, just a head, neck and body. 可知，我近距离地看到了这个小女孩。固定短语look at，看到，故填at。 （3）句意：她穿着一件白色的小裙子。wear，穿，动词，根据前面的was可知，此句要用过去进行时，故填wearing。 （4）句意：我转过头对她笑了笑。she，人称代词主格，她；固定短语give sb. sth.给某人某物，人称代词作give的宾语要用宾格，故填her。 （5）句意：她给了我一个我所见过的最可爱、最快乐的微笑。happy，开心，快乐。根据语句中的the cutest与I had ever seen可知此空要用最高级，故填the happiest。 （6）句意：就在那时，她的生理缺陷消失了。固定短语at that time，at that moment，在那时，故填time或moment。 （7）句意：我看到的只是一个美丽的女孩，她的微笑给我留下了深刻的印象，几乎让我对生活的意义有了全新的认识。分析句式结构impressed me与almost gave me a，……是小
中考英语语法填空综合测试卷 一、初三中考语法填空（含答案详细解析） 1．阅读下面的短文，用括号内所给词的适当形式填空，必要时可加助动词或情态动词。 I never saw my father home from work late or ill, nor did I ever see my father take a "night out with the boys". He had no________ （hobby） but just took care of his family. For 22 years, since I left home for college, my father called me every Sunday at 9:00 am. He was always ________ （interest）in my life—how my family as doing. The calls even came when he and my mother were in Australia, ________ （English） or Florida. Nine years ago when I bought my ________ （one） house, my father, 67 years old, painted my house himself. He worked eight hours a day. He would not allow me ________ （pay）someone to have it done. All he asked was a glass of iced tea, and that I hold a paintbrush for him and talk to him. But I was too busy, for I had a law practice to run, and I could not take the time to hold the paintbrush, or talk to my father. Five years ago, my 71—year—old father ________ （spend）five hours putting together a swing set（秋千）for my daughter. Again, all he asked was that I get him a glass of iced tea, and talk to him. But again, I had laundry to do, and the house to clean. The morning on Sunday, January 16, 1996, my father telephoned me as ________ （usually）, this time he had seemed to have forgotten some things we had discussed the week before. I had to get to church, and I cut the conversation short. The call came at 4:40 am. That day my father ________ （send）to hospital in Florida, I got on a plane immediately, and I vowed（发誓）that when I arrived, I would make up for the lost time, and have a nice long talk with him and ________ （real）get to know him. I arrived in Florida at 1:00 am, but my father had passed away at 9:12 pm. This time it was he who did not have time to talk, or time to wait for me. In the years since his ________ （die） I have learnt much about my father, and even more about myself. As a father, he never asked me for anything but my time. Now he has all my attention, every single day. 【答案】hobbies；interested；England；first；to pay；spent；usual；was sent；really；death 【解析】【分析】这篇短文中作者给我们讲述了她的父亲，她父亲是一个很顾家的人，眼里只有他的家人。作者在短文中讲述了生活中的几件事情，从这些事情中我们可以看到，作者因为太忙，跟父亲没有太多的交流，当作者想要弥补时，父亲却离开了她。 （1）句意：他没有爱好，但只是照顾家人。hobby是可数名词，表示泛指用复数形式，故填 hobbies。 （2）句意：他总是对我的生活感兴趣。be interested in，固定搭配，对......感兴趣，故填interested。 （3）句意：这些电话甚至是在他和我妈妈在澳大利亚、英国或佛罗里达的时候打来的。根据in Australia可知此处是表示国家的名词，England，英国，故填 England。 （4）句意：九年前，当我买下我的第一栋房子时，我67岁的父亲亲自粉刷了我的房子。
《英语语法》教学大纲 执笔人：王燕 一、课程性质、地位和作用： 英语语法是英语教育专业的一门基础课，属A类（理论）课，为专业必修课程。 课程的地位和作用：该课程作为英语教育专业的主干课程之一，让学生通过系统地学习英语语法知识，并将其和大量的语言素材结合达到能举一反三，触类旁通的效果，从而提高综合运用英语的能力，为英语水平的整体提高打下坚实的基础。 二、课程教学对象、目的和要求： 本课程的教学对象是三年制“英语教育”专业的学生。入学时，学生已有一定的语音、语法知识，领会式掌握了约1600单词，并在听、说、读、写几方面受过初步的训练。学生通过对比较系统和完整的英语语法知识的学习，对教材中所讲授的英语语法的基本结构与规律有一个明确完整的概念；能较熟练地运用这些语法的基本规则分析解释各种语法现象，从而学会运用语法规则指导语言实践，提高实际运用英语的能力。 在课程教学中要求坚持贯彻“以学生为中心”的自主学习模式，充分发挥学生的主观能动性，调动学生积极地参与到教师的教学辅导、并投身于自学过程中。在教学过程中处理好语言（语法）知识和语言运用之间的关系，前者是后者的基础；组织各项基本技能活动，使学生更好地开展语言实践活动，培养运用英语进行交际的能力。 本课程侧重于英语语法各个知识板块系统全面的讲解，重视理论与实际运用的结合。充分体现精讲多练的原则，采用教师讲解理论，学生
练习习题和师生共同分析理解的巩固模式。 三、课程的相关课程及其关系： 学习本课程前的相关课程包括：英语精读、英语泛读、英语听力、英语口语。通过学习这些课程，学生可以掌握一定的语法知识，积累一定的词汇，并能运用一定的语法知识进行听说读写译等实践。 学好本课程，也为以后相关课程的学习奠定基础，促进学生学习专业的其他课程。这些后续相关课程包括：英语翻译基础、英语写作基础、英语泛读等。 四、课程内容及学时分配: 本课程教学总时数为64学时，全部为理论课时。 第一章语法概论 教学时数：4学时。 教学重点：词类；句子。 教学难点：各类句子的结构。 教学内容：1.语法的内容 2.词类 3.句子 4.单词、短语和从句。 第二章名词 教学时数：4学时 教学重点：了解名词由单数变复数的规则和一些特殊的变法。 教学难点：特殊的名词单复数变形。 教学内容：1.名词的种类 2.名词所有格 3.名次的性 4.名词在句中的作用 第三章限定词
广州中考历年语法选择考点 2015年2014年2013年2012年2011年 话题魔法琴两个女人循环利用圣瓦伦廷节（情人节） 词数205词193词177词182词211词 1 时态（offered）时态（for forty years）被动语态（is used）被动语态（is celebrated）不定式（tell … to do） 2 连接词（when）不定式（to save）不定代词（other）连接词（although）定语从句（who） 3 不定代词（other）冠词（a nurse）定语从句（which）介词（on + 节日）不定代词（everyone） 4 形容词（useless）介词（after hearing）连接词（and pollutes）定语从句（who）介词（to） 5 副词（later）时态（came）连接词（If…）连接词（and）时态（eats） 6 宾语从句（how to…）连接词（so…that…）代词（rubbish…it）also 定冠词（the） 7 连接词（but）副词（simply）连接词（but）名词（difference）时态（rings） 8 冠词（a, an, the）代词（keeps it）形容词比较级（faster）数的一致形容词（angry） 9 介词（with）形容词比较级（closer than）介词（down）代词（their）连接词（if） 代词（your） 10 名词（musician）连接词（how amazin）不定式（to grow）形容词比较级 （more expensive） 近年 未考 考点