8. acid ['?s?d]
?adj. 酸的，酸味的；(性情或言词)尖刻的，尖酸的，刻薄的，辛辣的
?n. 【化学】酸，酸类；酸性物质，酸味物质
shaded ['?e?d?d]
?adj. 荫蔽的；色彩较暗的
?v. 遮蔽住；使阴暗（shade的过去分词）
shade [?e?d]
?n. 树荫；阴影；阴凉处；遮阳物；（照片等的）明暗度；少量、些微；
细微的差别
?vt. 使阴暗；使渐变；为…遮阳；使阴郁；掩盖
?vi. （颜色、色彩等）渐变
?n. (Shade)人名；(英、德)谢德
knock-on ['n?k?n]
?n. 【英式橄榄球】用手(或臂)向前击球(犯规动作)
?adj. (车辆等的机械零件)可敲上装牢的；【物理学】(粒子等)撞击的knock [n?k]
?vt. 敲，击，打；撞：；使碰撞：
?vi. 敲，击，打(常与at，on连用):；碰，撞，撞击：
?n. 敲，打击；(重重的)一击；敲门声，敲击声；(机器等的)碰撞声(或震动声)
drain [dre?n]
?n. 排水；下水道，排水管；消耗
?n. (Drain)人名；(英)德雷恩；(法)德兰
?vt. 喝光，耗尽；使流出；排掉水
?vi. 排水；流干
banks
?n. [金融] 银行；岸，[水利] 堤（bank的复数形式）；斜床
?v. 开办（bank的第三人称单数）；把钱存入银行
bank [b??k]
?n. 银行；岸；浅滩；储库
?vt. 将…存入银行；倾斜转弯
?vi. 堆积；倾斜转弯
?n. (Bank)人名；(英、德、俄)班克；(法、匈)邦克
spacing ['spe?s??]
?n. 间隔；调节间隔；字距
?v. 分隔（space的ing形式）
space [spe?s]
?n. 空间；太空；距离
?vt. 隔开
?vi. 留间隔
band [b?nd]
?n. 带，环；[物] 波段；(演奏流行音乐的) 乐队
?n. n.乐队；队；一群
?vi. 用带绑扎；给...镶边
needles
?n. 针数，千针本；[印刷] 折页顶针（needle复数形式）
?n. (Needles)人名；(英)尼德尔斯
needle ['ni?d(?)l]
?n. 针；指针；刺激；针状物
?vt. 刺激；用针缝
?vi. 缝纫；做针线
?n. (Needle)人名；(英)尼德尔
filter ['f?lt?]
?n. 滤波器；[化工] 过滤器；筛选；滤光器
?vt. 过滤；渗透；用过滤法除去
?vi. 滤过；渗入；慢慢传开
?n. (Filter)人名；(德)菲尔特
altitude ['?lt?tju?d]
?n. (地表面、海平面之上的)高；高度；(尤指)海拔；深(度)；垂直距离；
【天文学】地平纬度，高度
variables
?n. [数] 变量
variable ['ve?r??b(?)l]
?n. [数] 变量；可变物，可变因素
?adj. 变量的；可变的；易变的，多变的；变异的，[生物] 畸变的organism ['??g(?)n?z(?)m]
?n. 有机体；生物体；微生物
9 . applied [?'pla?d]
?v. 应用；实施（apply的过去分词）；敷上
?adj. 应用的；实用的
apply [?'pla?]
?vi. 申请；涂，敷；适用；请求
?vt. 申请；涂，敷；应用
repentance [r?'pent(?)ns]
?n. 悔改；后悔
penetrated ['penitreitid]
?鞭辟入里
penetrate ['pen?tre?t]
?vi. 渗透；刺入；看透
?vt. 渗透；穿透；洞察
monkey-like
?adj.
o resembling a monkey
contrast ['k?ntrɑ?st]
?n. 对比；差别；对照物
?vt. 使对比；使与…对照
?vi. 对比；形成对照
impressed
?adj. 印象深刻的；外加的；受感动的；了不起的impress [?m'pres]
?n. 印象，印记；特征，痕迹
?vi. 给人印象
?vt. 盖印；强征；传送；给予某人深刻印象passionate ['p??(?)n?t]
?adj. 热情的；热烈的，激昂的；易怒的awakened
?v. 唤醒（awaken的过去式）
?adj. 觉醒的
awaken [?'we?k(?)n]
?vt. 唤醒；唤起；使…意识到
?vi. 觉醒；醒来；意识到
succeeded
?v. 成功；继承（succeed过去分词）succeed [s?k'si?d]
?vi. 成功；继承；继任；兴旺
?vt. 继承；接替；继…之后
blossoms
?[植] 开花
blossom ['bl?s(?)m]
?n. 花；开花期；兴旺期；花开的状态?vi. 开花；兴旺；发展成
?n. (Blossom)人名；(英)布洛瑟姆expectant [?k'spekt(?)nt; ek-]
?n. 期待者；候选人
?adj. 期待的；怀孕的；预期中的opportunity [?p?'tju?n?t?]
?n. 时机，机会
10. in its own right
?凭借自身能力，独立地
make good use of
?充分利用；很好地使用
make use of
?利用；使用
?
ready for
?对...有适合准备
went forth
?公告
go forth
?出发，向前去；发布
?
are looking forward to
? Are looking forward to ：都期待；
? Are you looking forward to ：让你期待；
? We are looking forward to ：观看世界杯,我们很期待；
look forward to
?期待；盼望；高兴地等待：
figure out
?解决；算出；想出；理解；断定
assembled [?'semb?ld]
?v. 装配（assemble的过去分词）；集合
?adj. 组合的；安装的
dissolving [di'z?lvi?]
?v. 使溶解（dissolve的现在分词）
?adj. 消溶的；毁灭性的
dissolve [d?'z?lv]
?n. 叠化画面；画面的溶暗
?vt. 使溶解；使分解；使液化
?vi. 溶解；解散；消失
withstand [w?e'st?nd]
?vt. 抵挡；禁得起；反抗
?vi. 反抗
controversy ['k?ntr?v??s?; k?n'tr?v?s?]
?n. 争论；论战；辩论
an obstacle
? an obstacle ：障碍；
? Then an unforeseen obstacle ：我未曾料到；
? an insurmountable obstacle ：不可逾越的障碍；
obstacle ['?bst?k(?)l]
?n. 障碍，干扰；妨害物
resemble [r?'zemb(?)l]
?vt. 像；类似；与…相似：；【古语】比拟；比较
11. monarch ['m?n?k]
?n. 君主，帝王；最高统治者
throne [θr??n]
?n. 王座；君主；王权
?vt. 使登王位
?vi. 登上王座
?n. (Throne)人名；(瑞典)特罗内；(英)特罗恩
ambassador [?m'b?s?d?]
?n. 大使；代表；使节
precede [pr?'si?d]
?vt. 领先，在…之前；优于，高于
?vi. 领先，在前面
refined [r?'fa?nd]
?vt. refine的变形
?adj. 精制的；纯的；不粗俗的，高雅的，优雅的
refine [r?'fa?n]
?vt. 精炼，提纯，精制：；使精致；使完美；使高尚，使文雅；使优美：rival ['ra?vl]
?n. 对手；竞争者
?adj. 竞争的
?vt. 与…竞争；比得上某人
?vi. 竞争
?n. (Rival)人名；(英、法、西)里瓦尔
functions ['f?nk??nz]
?n. [计] 功能；[数] 函数（function的复数形式）
efficiency [?'f??(?)ns?]
?n. 效率；效能；功效
inspiration [?nsp?'re??(?)n]
?n. 灵感；鼓舞；吸气；妙计
spitting ['spt??]
?n. 分散；喷溅物；点燃导火线
?v. 吐痰；吐出；啐唾沫；用炙叉叉住（spit的ing形式）spit [sp?t]
?n. 唾液
?vi. 吐痰；吐口水；发出劈啪声
?vt. 吐，吐出；发出；发射
grace [gre?s]
?n. 优雅；恩惠；魅力；慈悲
?vt. 使优美
?n. (Grace)人名；(英)格雷斯，格雷丝(女名)；(法)格拉斯preserve [pr?'z??v]
?n. 保护区；禁猎地；加工成的食品
?vt. 保存；保护；维持；腌；禁猎
12. proactive [pr??'?kt?v]
?adj. 前摄的（前一活动中的因素对后一活动造成影响的）；有前瞻性的，先行一步的；积极主动的
disseminate [d?'sem?ne?t]
?vt. 宣传，传播；散布
?vi. 散布；广为传播
incentive [?n'sent?v]
?n. 动机；刺激
?adj. 激励的；刺激的
leverage ['li?v(?)r?d?; 'lev(?)r?d?]
?n. 手段，影响力；杠杆作用；杠杆效率
?v. 利用；举债经营
facilitate [f?'s?l?te?t]
?vt. 促进；帮助；使容易
precedent [pri'si:d?nt, 'presi-]
?n. 先例；前例
?adj. 在前的；在先的
demonstrated
?演示
demonstrate ['dem?nstre?t]
?vt. 证明；展示；论证
?vi. 示威
compensation[k?mpen'se??(?)n]
?n. 补偿；报酬；赔偿金
justify ['d??st?fa?]
?vt. 证明…是正当的；替…辩护
?vi. 证明合法；整理版面
implement ['?mpl?m(?)nt]
?n. 工具，器具；手段
?vt. 实施，执行；实现，使生效
initiative [?'n????t?v; -??-]
?n. 主动权；首创精神
?adj. 主动的；自发的；起始的
preventive [pr?'vent?v]
?n. 预防药；预防法
?adj. 预防的，防止的
13. circle ['s??k(?)l]
?n. 循环，周期；圆；圈子；圆形物
?vt. 画圆圈；环绕…移动
?vi. 盘旋，旋转；环行
unsolved [?n's?lvd]
?adj. 未解决的；未解答的
watcher ['w?t??(r)]
?n. 观察者；看守人；哨兵；（美）选举监票员
watcher ['w?t??(r)]
?n. 看护者；守灵者；观察者；监察者；[美国英语]选举监票人self-image ['self'imid?]
?n. 自我形象
counter-measures
? counter-measures ：相对的措施,建议措施,应对措施；
? counter-radar measures ：反雷达措施,反雷达干扰；
? counter-counter measures ：电子反对抗；
unconscious [?n'k?n??s]
?adj. 无意识的；失去知觉的；不省人事的；未发觉的rapport [r?'p??]
?n. 密切关系，交往；和谐一致
?n. (Rapport)人名；(英)拉波特
flashed
?n. 闪光
?v. 闪烁（flash的过去分词）
flash [fl??]
?n. 闪光，闪现；一瞬间
?adj. 闪光的，火速的
?vt. 使闪光；反射
?vi. 闪光，闪现；反射
?n. (Flash)人名；(西)弗拉什
dominance ['d?m?n?ns]
?n. 优势；统治；支配
disinterest [d?s'?nt(?)r?st]
?n. 不关心；无兴趣
?vt. 使不关心
undemonstrative[?nd?'m?nstr?t?v]
?adj. 含蓄的；不露感情的
positioned [p?'zi??nd]
?v. 放置；确定…的位置（position的过去分词）
?adj. 放置的
position [p?'z??(?)n]
?n. 位置，方位；职位，工作；姿态；站位
?vt. 安置；把……放在适当位置
14. recognized ['rek?g'na?zd]
?v. 认识；意识到（recogniz的过去分词）
?adj. 公认的；经过验证的
recognize ['rek?ɡna?z]
?vt. 认出，识别；承认
?vi. 确认，承认；具结
credited
?v. 相信；记入贷方（credit的过去式和过去分词）
credit ['kred?t]
?n. 信用，信誉；[金融] 贷款；学分；信任；声望
?vt. 相信，信任；把…归给，归功于；赞颂
features
?n. 产品特点，特征；容貌；嘴脸（feature的复数）
?v. 是…的特色，使突出（feature的第三人称单数）
feature ['fi?t??]
?n. 特色，特征；容貌；特写或专题节目
?vt. 特写；以…为特色；由…主演
?vi. 起重要作用
expertise [,eksp??'ti?z]
?n. 专门知识；专门技术；专家的意见
considerable[k?n's?d(?)r?b(?)l]
?adj. 相当大的；重要的，值得考虑的
supervison
? supervison ：监督；
? project supervison ：竣工验收阶段；
? Line supervison ：线长；
flaw [fl??]
?n. 碎裂；裂纹，裂缝，缝隙；瑕疵，缺点
?vt., vi. (使)有裂纹；(使)有裂缝；(使)有瑕疵，(使)有缺陷；使无效recruit [r?'kru?t]
?n. 招聘；新兵；新成员
?vi. 复原；征募新兵；得到补充；恢复健康
?vt. 补充；聘用；征募；使…恢复健康
twist [tw?st]
?vt. 搓，捻(两股或两股以上的线或单纱)；搓成，捻成：；编成；织成：?vi. 扭曲，扭弯；弯曲；弯成螺旋形：；盘旋，盘绕，缠绕某物(与around，about 连用)：
?n. 旋转，转；绕轴旋转运动
strain [stre?n]
?n. 张力；拉紧；负担；扭伤；血缘?vt. 拉紧；滥用；滤去；竭力
?vi. 拉紧；尽力
?n. (Strain)人名；(英)斯特兰devastate ['dev?ste?t]
?vt. 毁灭；毁坏
budget ['b?d??t]
?n. 预算，预算费
?adj. 廉价的
?vt. 安排，预定；把…编入预算
?vi. 编预算，做预算
公共英语三级词汇汇总 canal n.运河；(沟) 渠 cancel v.取消，作废；删去 cancer n.癌症；肿瘤 candidate n.候选人，候补者；报考者；申请者 candle n.蜡烛 candy n.糖果；蜜饯
cannon n.大炮，火炮v.开炮；碰撞 canoe n.独木舟，小游艇v.划独木舟 cap n.便帽，军帽；(笔、瓶等的) 盖套v.覆盖于…顶端capable a.能干的，有能力的 capacity v.容量，容积；才能，能力；接受力 capital
n.首都 captain n.上尉，队长；船长 capture n.捕获，俘获v.夺得，占领；捕获，俘虏car n.小汽车 card n.卡片 care v.关心，介意n.小心，谨慎，注意
career n.生涯，经历；专业，职业careful a.小心的；谨慎的 careless a.粗心的，疏忽的 cargo n.船货，货物 carpet n.地毯；像地毯般的一层东西carriage
n.(四轮) 马车；(火车的) 客车厢carrot n.胡萝卜 carry vt.运送 cart n.大车，板车，手推车v.用大车运走cartoon n.漫画，幽默画；动画片v.画漫画carve v.(雕) 刻
n.情况，情形，事实；案件，案情；病例 cash n.现金，现款，现钱v.兑现，兑付 cashier n.(银行、商店等的)出纳员 cassette n.小盒子；盒式磁带 cast v.投, 掷，抛；铸造；计算n.演员表；一掷；模型；性格castle
新世纪研究生公共英语教材听说（上） 听力原文 Lesson 1 Music 1. M: By the way, Jane, did you talk to the consultant顾问about our new health program? W: I contacted联系his office but his secretary said he would （be out for）试图得到lunch until two. Q: What does the woman mean? B. she couldn’t talk to the consultant before two 2. W: We need to let everyone know about the charity [?t??riti] n. 慈爱concert, but we don't have much money for advertising. M: How about using the school radio station? They broadcast free public service服务announcements. 通告Q: What does the man suggest they do? c. Ask the school radio station for help 3. W: I don't understand why this self-study自学book doesn't have answers to the questions. M: But it does. You can find them at the back of the book. Q: What does the man say about the self-study book? d. the book does include the answer 4. M: The new sales manager says he has never met you before. W: We've been introduced about three times. He seems a little forgetful. Q: What do we learn about the new sales manager? B. He probably has a poor memory 5. M: Have you had the brakes[breik] n制动器; 闸; 刹车. and tires checked? And do you have enough money? W: I have taken care of everything. And I'm sure it's going to be a wonderful极好的, 精彩的, 绝妙的trip. Q: What's the woman going to do? D. spend some time travelling 6. M: I've had my new stereo立体声for a whole week, but I haven't yet figured out想到how to record music. W: Didn't an instruction manual [?m?nju?l] 手册形式的，像手册的；教范性质的come with it? Q: What does the woman imply? B the man should refer to the instruction manual 7. W: I want to pay you for that long-distance call I made. But, I suppose you haven't gotten your phone bill yet, M: Oh, but I have. Q: What does the man mean? A he has received his telephone bill. 8. M: Professor Smith assigned us three more novels to read. W: He must think you don't have any other classes. Q: What can be inferred about Professor Smith? B he assigns too much work 9. M: Let's go watch the fireworks烟花tonight. W: I have tickets to the theater. Q: What plan does the man has that night? B he’ll go and watch the fireworks 10. M: I am exhausted筋疲力尽的. I stayed up熬夜the whole night studying for my history midterm exam. W: Why do you always wait till the last minute? Q: What can be inferred about the man? A he had bad study habits 11. M: I'll be coming straight from work, so I'll have to pack包装；捆扎a change of clothes. W: It's only a barbecue [?bɑ:bikju:] (常用于室外的)金属烤架. Jeans and T-shirts will be fine. Q: What does the woman imply? D Casual dress will be appropriate 12. W: I'm going to the snack [sn?k] 小吃; 点心; 快餐bar for a cup of coffee. Would you like me to bring you back something? M: Not from the snack bar, but could you pick up a paper for me? Q: What does the man mean? C he wants her to get him a newspaper 13. M: I don't understand how this budget was calculated[?k?lkjuleit] 计算, 估计, 核算. W: Let me have a look, OK? Q: What does the woman mean? C she’ll try to s ee what method was used 14. W: We need a fourth player for tennis this morning. Do you want to join us? M: I've got a class at nine, but Carol is free and she is really good.
公共英语三级备考词汇 【-公共英语等级考试】 公共英语三级备考词汇： come on (表示鼓励、催促等)快，走吧;进步，进展 come out 出来，出现;出版，发表;结果是 comedy n.喜剧，喜剧性事件;喜剧因素 comfortv. 安慰，慰问;使舒适 comfortable adj. 舒服的，舒适的;宽裕的，小康的 command n.指挥(权);命令;掌握，精通 commend v.推荐;把…付托给;称赞，表扬，嘉奖;吸引，引起兴趣 comment n.评论;注释v.评论;注释 commerce n.买卖;商业;贸易 commercial adj.商业的，商务的n.商业广告 commission n.委托(书)，委任，代办;委员会;佣金，手续费 commit v.犯(错误、罪行)，干(坏事);把…交托给 committee n.委员会 commodity n.商品;日用品 common adj.普通的，通常的;公共的，共同的 commonwealth n.联邦 communicate vt.传达，传递(意见、感情、消息等) vi.交流，沟通 communication n.通讯，联络，交流 communism n.共产主义 communist adj.共产主义的n. 共产主义者;共产党员 community n.团体，公社;[常用单数]公众 compact adj.紧密的;紧凑v.使紧凑;压缩 companion n.同伴;伴侣 company n.公司，商号;[总称](一)群，(一)伙;同伴(们)，朋友(们);连队comparable adj.可比较的;比得上的 comparative adj.比较的;相对的n. [常用单数]匹敌物;比较级 compare v.比较，对照;把…比作，比喻;匹敌，相比 comparison n.比较，对比;相似，类似 compartment n.列车车厢;分隔间 compass n.指南针，罗盘;[常用复数]圆规;[常用单数]范围，界限
《研究生英语综合教程上》1-6单元练习参考答案 Unit One Planning Your Future Career Reading Focus Traits of the Key Players Text Exploration Task 2 1. B 2. A 3. D 4. B 5. D 6. B 7. C 8. B 9. B 10. B Vocabulary in Action Task 1 1. A 2. C 3. B 4. C 5. D 6. D 7. D 8. C 9. A 10. D 11. A 12. B Task 2 1. public (c) 2. discipline (b) 3. strength (a) 4. reference (a) 5. strength (d) 6. public (a) 7. demonstrated (b) 8. discipline (c) 9. reference (c) 10. personality (a) 11. disciplining (d) 12. demonstrates (a) 13. public (d) 14. reference (b) 15. personality (c) Task 3 1. employment 2. paid 3. adjust
4. setting 5. discouraged 6. credit 7. cite 8. demonstrate 9. teamwork 10. rules Translation Practice Paragraph One “一年365天，一周7天，一天24小时，生意始终在进行。这意味着一年365天，一周7天，一天24小时，竞争也同样在进行。”豪特说，“公司取胜的方法之一，就是要更快到达‘目的地’！这就是说，你不仅要把所有能支持公司快速运转的功能都调动起来，而且还得知道如何决定‘目的地’是哪里。这样，不仅对那些行动快速的人们，也对那些思维敏捷并有勇气按自己的想法行事的人们都提出了要求。这需要全公司各部门的运作，而不仅仅是管理部门的工作。” Paragraph Two 最后，职业地位包含对职业标准的遵守。很多律师通过在行业内外把自己塑造成一个具有良好职业道德的典范来找到自我价值。对那些在所有职业行为中都表现出极度正直和谦逊有礼的律师来说，当管理阶层对他们理应受到的特别尊重表示肯定时，便又获得了另一种形式的精神报酬。 Unit Two Arts of the Table Reading Focus Culinary Delights in China
第五册 1.The Internet's speed, vast resources, and its ability to directlycommu-nicate with others are itsgreatestbenefits. Because the Internet uses the quickness of computers to transmit its data, information cantrave-l attre mendous speeds. Speed is not the only benefit. The Internet us-es hun dreds ofthousands ofcomputers allconnected to each other to store vast amounts of information. And finally, because the Internet allowsindividuals to have specific electronic mail addresses, people ca-n easily communicate with oneanother. 2.With the 21 st century coming, people have increasingly realized file importance of acquiringround easyinformation. If a nation can mak-e effective use of all the information it will benefit In the fields of Scientificresearch, education, economic development, etc. What the nati on needs to do is to establish anation-wide"information network",so as to link up scientists, businessmen, educators, etc. If such a network isset up, itwill promote the second information revolution in the cou-nt ry. 3.With the development of a market economy in China, techniques of sales promotion have beenmore andmore widely employed. The popula rity of varied and numerous promotional activities such asdiscounts, bonuses, and promotional parties has grown steadily. The reason is tha t they not only helpmanufacturers andbusinesses earn higher and quick er profits, but also help consumers become acquainted with theproducts involved and get some practical benefits. However, if these techniques are used to promoteproducts of inferiorquality, both the manufacturers and the businessmen will be made to pay for that. 4.Work is not only a means of sustaining life. More importantly, it is the way through which peopledisplaytheir talent, realize their ambitions, build relationships and establish social status. If youunderstand thisintr insic value of work, then however dull or hard work may be, it beco mes bearable if it helpsbuild up areputation, whether in the world at l arge or only in one's own circle. Updating one's aim is one of the mostessential elements of self-fulfillment in the long run, and form ost people this comes chieflythrough their work.In that sense, work is the most vigorous, vivid sign of life --in individuals and in civilization s. 5.America was once troubled by employment crisis. Now in this land, there areemployees, those who have lost their jobs and those who will never find a job. For decades, thegovernment took no notice of t he changes in its economic base and their effect on employmentand lif estyle. As a result, many people lost job opportunities. Many expert came up with variousideas to address unemployment. However, what is most important now is to stimulateconsumption. 6.The crime of identity theft is on the rise. Recent surveys show there are currently 10 millionvictims each year, greatly exceeding our earlie r estimates. Using a variety of methods, criminalssteal Social Security numbers, driver's license numbe~, credit card numbers, and other piece s ofan individual's information such as date of birth. They use this inf ormation to buy as many thingsas they can in their victim's name in as short a time as possible. Identity theft is a serious crime.People wh ose identities have been stolen can spend months or even years cleani ng up the messthe thieves have made of their credit record. 7.Let's assume you are a sports fan. What is your first reaction when you find in your e-mailan attachment called "Anna Kournikova.jpg.vbs'? Curiosity tempts you to open the documentto have a look at the Rus sian tennis star. But if you open it, the virus will be activated andwill copy the attachment to every e-mail address in your "Outlook Express ", spreading the virus evenfarther. E-viruses, which flood the Intemet t hrough dubious e-mails with fancy bait, makeproduction of anti-virus p rograms a profitable business. 8.Changes in the American family structure are evidenced by increased rates of separation anddivorce. In certain areas of the country these tr ends have resulted in a growing number ofsingleparentfamilies and rem arried parents. This does not indicate, however, that the institution ofm arriage is crumbling. It is estimated that four ont of five divorced cou ples eventually remarryother people. These shifts in family relationship s may be interpreted as a breakdown or as anadaptation of the Americ an family to changing roles, attitudes, and values. The changes,accordi ng to the more traditional viewpoint, represent a breakdown in the fa mily structure, adisintegration of values, and a decline of morality. 第六册 1.While he shared his generation’s horror of war and was once called the “spiritual father”of appeasement. Keynes never, in fact, enterained the delusion that Hitler could be pacified. He hated the NAZI regime, never visited Germany after 1933.Instead,as Britain’s chief negotiator in contact with the Allies against Hitler. He pursued vigorously the com mon interest between London and Washington. 2.Some people wrongly believe that the United States is a land of opp ortunity, and that everbody enjoys equal opportunities. With various dr eams in mind,many well-trained professionals steadily mignate to the United States insearch of a good life.Some of them are even willing to live any life there. They would rather live in poverty there than en -joy a relativeprosperity at home. Therefore,lawers and doctors from C entral America may be found washing cars or waiting on tables in Mi ami. 3.Just as the 21st century requires a more diffused and safer balance Of interest in what needs to be an increasingly multilateral global villa ge, there is a risk of economic, institutional and political power being centralized in the European Community, and that a new bout of econ omic empire building may occur. 4.The path led straight through a wide stream.She could no longer risk disorientation by circling such obstacles.She took off her clothes and, with her belongings in ayion bag held above her head. She stepped into the chilling, neck-deep water. Minutes later she emerged. shaking uncontrollbably.But after warming herself by a small fire and re-dress ing, she set off with increased confidence.The limits of her physical capacity were expanding.
新世纪研究生公共英语教材阅读B课文原文及翻译 Unit1 Party Politics Judith Martin 1. Etiquette at an office party? Why, these people have been socializing happily every working day of their lives, give or take a few melees, rumors, and complaint petitions. All it takes to turn this into holiday merriment is a bit of greenery looped around the office—the staff will soon be looped, too. Surely it is enough that the annual Christmas party has the magic ingredients: time off from work, free food and drink, and a spirit of fun replacing such ugly work realities as sexual harassment. 2. Furthermore, partygoers figure, it offers relief from such pesky obligations as thanking anyone or being kind to wallflowers because there really aren?t any hosts. Nobody has to pay (that same Nobody who generously provides the telephone line for long-distance personal calls), and so nobody?s feelings need be considered. 3. This is all pure hospitality—there for the taking, like the office-supplied felt-tipped pens everyone has been pocketing all year. Out of the natural goodness of its corporate heart and the spirit of the holiday season, the company wishes only to give its employees a roaring good time, and the employees, out of loyalty and the thrill of getting to know their bosses off-duty as equals, delight in the opportunity. 4. For those still dimly aware of the once-standard give-and-take of real social life, this no-fault approach to business entertaining seems a godsend. In the now-rare domain of genuine society, hosts are supposed to plan and pay for the entertainment of their guests, on their own time and in their own houses. Guests have strict duties, as well—from answering invitations to cooperating with all arrangements, even to the extent of pronouncing them perfectly lovely. 5. Business entertaining appears to remove the burdens of time, effort, money, individual responsibility—and the etiquette connected with them. The people who do the planning are paid for their trouble, so those who benefit need not consider they have incurred a debt. Why, the annual Christmas party ought to be an inspiration to lower-level employees to work their way into realms where company-sponsored partying can be enjoyed all year long. 6. Not so fast. Flinty Miss Manners does not recognize any holidays from etiquette. (Employees, if not employers, should consider themselves lucky that she is only on the Party Committee, not the one that might take up ethical questions about those pens and calls.) Office parties differ from private ones but are no freer from rules. 7. If it were indeed true that everyone has a better time without etiquette, Miss Manners could easily be persuaded to take the day off. But having long served on the Office Party Etiquette Cleanup subcommittee, she is aware that things generally do not go well when there is no recognized etiquette and everyone is forced to improvise. 8. Let us look at all this spontaneous, carefree fun: There being no proper place for the boss, he or she hangs around the door, concerned about mixing with everyone. It might discourage hospitable bosses to see guests staring at them in horror and then slithering in by a side door. But etiquette?s solution of having everyone greeted in a receiving line was rejected as too stiff. So one can hardly blame employees for recalling a long-ingrained principle of the workplace: Seeing the boss and having a good time are best not scheduled at the same time. 9. Desperate to make the time count, the boss grabs the nearest available person and starts
公共英语三级词汇汇总canal n.运河；(沟) 渠 cancel v.取消，作废；删去 cancer n.癌症；肿瘤 candidate n.候选人，候补者；报考者；申请者 candle n.蜡烛 candy n.糖果；蜜饯
cannon n.大炮，火炮v.开炮；碰撞 canoe n.独木舟，小游艇v.划独木舟 cap n.便帽，军帽；(笔、瓶等的) 盖套v.覆盖于…顶端capable a.能干的，有能力的 capacity v.容量，容积；才能，能力；接受力 capital
n.首都 captain n.上尉，队长；船长 capture n.捕获，俘获v.夺得，占领；捕获，俘虏car n.小汽车 card n.卡片 care v.关心，介意n.小心，谨慎，注意
career n.生涯，经历；专业，职业careful a.小心的；谨慎的 careless a.粗心的，疏忽的 cargo n.船货，货物 carpet n.地毯；像地毯般的一层东西carriage
n.(四轮) 马车；(火车的) 客车厢carrot n.胡萝卜 carry vt.运送 cart n.大车，板车，手推车v.用大车运走cartoon n.漫画，幽默画；动画片v.画漫画carve v.(雕) 刻
n.情况，情形，事实；案件，案情；病例 cash n.现金，现款，现钱v.兑现，兑付 cashier n.(银行、商店等的)出纳员 cassette n.小盒子；盒式磁带 cast v.投, 掷，抛；铸造；计算n.演员表；一掷；模型；性格castle
Is Science Dangerous Does society need protecting from scientific advances? Most emphatically not, so long as scientists themselves and their employers are committed to full disclosure of what they know. 1、The idea that knowledge is dangerous is deeply embedded in our culture. Adam and Eve were forbidden to eat from the biblical Tree of Knowledge, and in ’s Paradise Lost the serpent addresses the Tree as the ‘Mother of Science’. The archangel Raphael advises Adam to be “lowly wise” when he tries to question him about the nature of the Universe. Indeed, Western literature is filled with images of scientists meddling with nature, with disastrous results. Scientists are portrayed as a soulless group, unconcerned with ethical issues. 2、But is science in fact dangerous, and do scientists have special social responsibilities? It is essential to recognize that reliable scientific knowledge has no moral or ethical value. Science tells us how the world is: that we are not at the center of the Universe is neither good nor bad, nor is the possibility that genes could influence our intelligence or behavior. 3、Dangers and ethical issues come into play when scientific research is done in practice, for example in experiments involving humans and other animals or when science is applied to technology, or in issues related to safety. There is thus an important distinction between science and technology: between knowledge and understanding on the one hand, and the application of that knowledge to making something, or using it in some practical way, on the other. 4、Science produces ideas about how the world works, whereas the ideas in technology result in usable objects. Technology is much older than science and, unaided by any science, it gave rise to early crafts such as agriculture and metalworking. I would argue that science mad virtually no contribution to technology until the nineteenth century –even the great triumphs of engineering such as the steam engine and Renaissance cathedrals were built with imaginative trial and error, virtually without any impact of science. 5. Whatever new technology is introduced, it is not for scientists to make moral or ethical decisions about its use, as they have no special rights or skills in this regard. There is grave danger in asking scientists to be more socially responsible if they would also be given the right and authority to make such decisions on their own. The social obligations that scientists have, as distinct from those responsibilities they share with all citizens (such as supporting a democratic society and taking care of the rights of others), come from them having access to specialized knowledge of how the world works that is not easily accessible to others. Their obligation is to make public any social implications of their work and its technological applications, and to give some assessment of its reliability. In most areas of science it matters little to the public whether a particular theory is right or wrong, but in some areas, such as human and plant genetics, it matters a great deal. 6. When the facts are examined dispassionately, it is not easy to find cases where scientists have behaved unethically in relation to the public. Contrary to some claims, there is no evidence that they did so either in the case of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) in the and else where or in the AIDS blood scandal currently reverberating in , for example.