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名词性从句精讲

名词性从句精讲
名词性从句精讲

名词性从句

在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫名词从句 (Noun Clauses)。名词从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语等,因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能,名词从句又包括:主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。名词性从句中一律用陈述语序。

辨别下列名词性从句的类别:

1.How the book will sell depends on its author.

2.John said that he was leaving for London on Wednesday.

3.The fact is that he has not been seen recently.

4.The fact that he has not been seen recently disturbs everyone in his office.

5.He will talk to us about what he saw in England.

6.It is impossible that I go and attend the meeting.

引导名词性从句的连词:

1. 连接词:that (无词义,在句中不充当任何成分)

if / whether (有词义“是否”,但不充当任何成分)

2. 连接代词:who, whom, whose, what, which,(有词义,在句中充当主语、表语、宾语或定语)3.连接副词:when, where, why, how, (有词义,在句中充当状语)

一.主语从句

主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句,通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替,而从句本身放在句子末尾。

1.主语从句位于主句谓语动词之前。

What matters most in learning English is enough practice.

Where we shall have the meeting makes no difference.

Whether the sports meeting will be held is not certain now.

2.it 作形式主语代替主语从句,而真正的主语从句位于句末。例如:

It is a pity that you didn’t go to see the film.

I t doesn’t interest me whether you succeed or not.

3.主语从句谓语动词的单复数问题

无论主语从句有多长,一般谓语动词用单数。

Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced.

What he wants to tell us is not clear.

二.宾语从句

宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句,通常作谓语动词 (及物动词) 、介词、形容词的宾语。

1.作动词的宾语

I heard (that) he joined the army.

She did not know what had happened.

I wonder whether you can change this note for me.

She told me that she would accept my invitation.

2.作介词的宾语

Our success depends on how well we can cooperate(合作)with one another.

You can give the book to whomever you like.

3.作形容词(如sure,happy, glad, certain)的宾语

I am afraid (that) I’ve made a mistake.

I am sure (that) he will win the game.

4. it 可以作为形式宾语

it 不仅可以作为形式主语,还可以作为形式宾语而真正的宾语从句则放在句尾,特别是在带复合宾语的句子中。例如:

We thought it good news that the fog had finally gone.

We find it necessary that we practice spoken-English every day.

5. 否定前移

若主句谓语动词为think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, 等,其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义,一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上,从句谓语用肯定式。例如:

I don’t think the dress fits you well. 我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。

三.表语从句

表语从句是在复合句中作表语的名词性从句,放在系动词之后,一般结构是“主语+连系动词+表语从句”。可以接表语从句的连系动词有be, look, remain, seem等。另外,常用的还有the reason is that… 和It is because 等结构。

1.表语从句位于系动词之后

The reason why he is late for school is that he missed the early bus.

But the fact remains that we are behind the other classes.

The problem is whether the book will be published.

2. as if, as though ,because 也可以引导表语从句。

It looks as if it is going to rain.

It is because my car broke down on my way home.

3.主语是advisem suggestion, order 等表示建议,要求,命令等的名词时,表语从句的谓语要用虚拟语

气:(should) +动词原形,should 可省略。

He gave me a suggestion that I ( should )be calm now.

四.同位语从句

1.同位语从句的功能

同位语从句就是在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句。同位语从句对于它前面的名词进一步解释,说明名词的具体内容,一般跟在fact,news,idea,truth,hope,problem, information, belief,thought, doubt,promise,question等抽象名词之后。

The news that we won the game is exciting.

I have no idea when he will come back home.

2.同位语在句子中的位置

当主句的谓语动词较短,而同位语从句较长时,同位语从句常常后置。

He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off.

3.同位语从句和定语从句的区别:

引导定语从句时,that作为关系代词,它在从句中必须充当句子成分,在从句中作宾语时可以省略;that引导同位语从句时,起连词的作用,没有实际意义,不充当句子成分,一般不能省略。试比较下面两个例句:

The news that our football team won the natch was encouraging.

(that引导同位语从句,从句不缺任何成分,不能省略)

The news that we heard on the radio was not true.

(that引导定语从句,作宾语,可以省略)

一、划出下列各句含有的名词性从句,并指出是名词性从句中的哪一种:

1.What he wants is a book.

2.It is so nice that we can learn this grammar point together.

3.I’m so glad that I can make friends with you.

4.This is why he did it.

5.Do you agree to the suggestion that we (should) have a trip in Tibet?

6.That he wants a book is certain.

7.I suggested just now we (should) take part in this activity.

8.Whether you like him or not doesn’t matter too much.

9.He doesn’t know whether you can sing it well.

10.The problem is whether you can sing it well.

11.The problem whether it is right or wrong has not been decided.

12.Please tell me who your monitor is.

二.辨别下列从句是定语从句还是名词性从句

1.We heard the news that our team had won.

2.We must face the fact that we had spent all our money.

3. The news that he told me yesterday was false.

4. I have no doubt that he will come soon.

5. The fact is that we have spent all our money.

五.名词性从句的几个重难点

1. that 和what,which 的区别:

that 和 what 都可引导所有的名词从句。但是,what除起连接作用外,还在名词性从句中充当成分,可在从句中做主语、宾语、定语或表语,表示疑问“什么”或者表示“…的人,/地方/东西”。而that 在名词性从句中只起连接作用,不充当任何成分,无意义。which在从句中也可以做主语、宾语、定语或表语,但指的是在某个特定范围中的哪一个,哪一些。

例:It is uncertain _____side effect the medicine will bring about, although about two thousand patients have taken it.

A.that B.what C.how D.whether

答案:B 考点:本题考查主语从句的引导词。解析:根据句意:尽管大约有两千名病人服用过这种药物,但是,它会带来什么样的副作用还不确定。side effect意思是“副作用”,还原主语从句中的主干是the medicine will bring about ______ side effect。故选择what,表示“什么样的”,起修饰作用。

1.What he wanted to see was an end to all the armies of the world.

(______从句,what 在从句中做_______)

2.That we need more equipment is very clear.

(________从句,that 在从句中________)

3.I’ll show you what interests me most.

(________从句,what 在从句中做________)

4.China ia no longer what she used to be.

(________从句,what 在从句中做________)

5.I have no idea what he had done that for.

(________从句,what 在从句中做________)

用that 和what 填空

1.______ he wants is a book.

2. ______ he wants to go there is obvious.

3.The result is ______ we won the game.

4.This is _____ we want to know.

5.Is _____ he told us true ?

6.We should pay attention to ______ the teacher is saying.

7. I have no doubt _____ he will come.

8. I have no idea _____ he did that afternoon.

9. Before a problem can be solved, it must be obvious ______the problem itself is.

A. what

B. that

C. which

D. why

2.连接词that 的省略

that 可省略的情况:单个宾语从句中的that可省略

that不可省略的情况:

①that在引导主语从句,表语从句和同位语从句的时候不能省略。

②用it做形式宾语的宾语从句。

We thought it good news that the fog had finally gone.

③并列的宾语从句中,第一个从句的that 可以省略,后几个从句的that 不能省略。

that/ (that)填空

1.I don’t think ________ she is coming.

2.It is a pity ________ he has made such a mistake.

3.The reason is _________ he is careless .

4.The news ________ our team won the match inspired us.

5.I don’t think it n ecessary _________ you should read English aloud.

6.He told me __________ his father had died and __________ he had to make a living alone.

3.if 和whether 的区别:

whether 与if 均为“是否” 的意思。在一些宾语从句中,二者有时可以互换。I don’t know whether/if he comes or not. 当it 作形式主语,主语从句放在句末的时候,用whether 与if均可。如:

It is doubtful whether/if he will come here.

但在下列情况下,whether 不能被if 所取代,只能使用whether的情况:

①主语从句位于句首时,只能用whether来引导;

Whether the meeting will be held is still a problem.

②表语从句、同位语从句以及介词后的宾语从句中只能用whether来引导;

The problem is whether the meeting will be held.

I have no idea whether the meeting will be held.

It depends on whether you can do the work well.

③直接跟不定式连用

She h asn’t decided whether to go or not.

④whether 与if都可以和or not 连用,但是whethe可以和or not 直接连用,构成whether or not,但if 不能。

判断正误:I don’t care whether or not she will attend the meeting. ( )

I don’t care whether she will attend the meeting or not. ( )

I don’t care if or not she will attend the meeting. ( )

I don’t care if she will attend the meeting or not. ( )

⑤在动词discuss后的宾语从句

We are discussing whether we can finish the work on time.

此外,需注意在高考当中,whether ... or ... (不管是…还是…)是经常考到的一个考点。Everyone in the village is very friendly. It doesn’t matter ___ you have lived there for a short or a long time.

A. why

B. how

C. whether

D. when

if 和whether 填空:

1. I asked her __________ she had a bike.

2.______ we will hold a party in the open air tomorrow depends on the weather.

3. We’re worried about ________ he is safe.

4. I don’t know ___________ he is well or not.

5. I don’t know ________ or not he is well.

6. The question is _________ he should do it.

7.The doctor can hardly answer the question______ the old man will recover soon.

8. I don’t know _______ to go.

4.其它连接代词和副词的连用

who、which、when、where、why、how 等连接词,这些连接词既具有疑问含义,又起连接作用,同时在从句中充当成分。对于名词性从句的引导词的选用原则:从句缺少什么成分就补充什么成分。.Scientists study ____ human brains work to make computers.

A. when

B. how

C. that

D. whether

科学家研究人类如何工作以制造出电脑。

我们何时举行运动会还没有决定。________ we shall hold our sports meeting is not decided.

我不知道昨天谁打破了玻璃。I don’t know _________ broke the glass yesterday.

我不知道他长的什么样子。I have no idea _________ he looks like.

这就是我忘记眼镜的地方。This is _________ I left my glasses.

5.疑问词+ever和no matter +疑问词

.whatever, however, whichever, whoever, whomever, 既可以引导名词性从句,又可以引导状语从句;而no matter what, no matter how, no matter which , no matter who, no matter whom只可以引导状语从句

1.Whatever (No matter what) difficulty we meet, we’ll never give it up (状语从句)

2.You are free to get whatever you want to . (宾语从句)

6.who与whoever,what与whatever等引导名词性从句时的区别:

who 和what 等表示疑问意义,而whatever 与whoever 没有疑问意义, whatever表示无论什么,whoever无论谁。

翻译:Whoever leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.

Jack is ill but I don’t know who will take his place.

7.名词性从句要求使用陈述语序,不能用疑问语序。

他是怎么成功的仍然是个谜。

How was he successful is still a puzzle. ( )

How he was successful is still a puzzle. ( )

你能告诉我他住在什么地方吗?

Could you tell me where he lives? ( )

Could you tell me where does he live? ( )

8.当主语从句、宾语从句较长时,常将主语从句、宾语从句放在句末,用it 做形式主语或形式宾语。

1.It has been decided when we will have a field trip. ( _______ 从句)

2.We found it necessary to have a good knowledge of history. (_______ 从句)

9.doubt 用于肯定句中,宾语从句可以用if 或whether 引导。

I doubt if (whether)you will come for a visit tomorrow.

doubt 用于否定句或疑问句中,宾语从句用that 引导。

He doesn’t doubt that his mother will give him a ride home .

10.虚拟语气

(1)在It is necessary/natural/important/strange...+that从句中,从句中的谓语动词用“should+动词原形”表虚拟语气,且should可省略。如:It is necessary that the problem should be settled at once.

(2)表示“建议、命令、要求”意义的动词,后面的宾语从句也用虚拟语气,即“should+动词原形”,且should可省略。该类动词主要有:suggest, advise, recommend, propose, order, require, demand, insist, urge。如:Bob’s doctor suggests that he(should) rest for a few days.

同样,表示“建议、要求、命令、想法”意义的名词,后接同位语从句时,从句中的谓语动词要用虚拟语气:“should+动词原形”,should可以省略。这类名词有:advice,suggestion, proposal,command,demand, order,request,requirement等。如:

This is our only request that the problem (should) be settled as soon as possible.

同样,如果主语是表示“建议、要求、命令、想法”意义的名词,后接that引导的表语从句中也要用虚拟语气。如:Her suggestion was that they (should) carry on their conversation in French.

练习:

1.The limits of a person’s intelligence, generally speaking, are fixed at birth, but ________he reaches t hese limits will depend on his environment.

A. where

B. whether

C. that

D. why

2.Evidence has been found through years of study______ children’s early sleeping problems are likely to continue when they grow up.

A. why

B. how

C. whether

D. that

3.It is by no means clear the president can do to end the strike.

A. how

B. which

C. that

D. what

4.Jerry did not regret giving the comment but felt ______ he could have expressed it differently.

A . why B. how C. that D. whether

5. We promise _____ attends the party a chance to have a photo taken with the movie star.

A. who

B. whom

C. whoever

D. whomever

6.As many as five courses are provided, and you are free to choose _____ suits you best.

A. whatever

B. whichever

C. whenever

D. wherever

7. It doesn’t matter _____ you pay by cash or credit card in this store.

A. how

B. whether

C. what

D. why

8. It suddenly occurred to him ___ he had left his keys in the office.

A. whether

B. where

C. which

D. that

9. It doesn’t matter ____ you turn right or left at the crossing—both roads lead to the park.

A. whether

B. how

C. if

D. when

10.The newcomer went to the library the other day and searched for _____ he could find about Mark Twain.

A. wherever

B. however

C. whatever

D. whichever

11. It is not always easy for the public to see _______ use a new invention can be of to human life.

A. whose

B. what

C. which

D. that

12.I made a promise to myself ____ this year, my first year in high school, would be different.

A. whether

B. what

C. that

D. how

13.The notice came around two in the afternoon _____ the meeting would be postponed.

A. when

B. that

C. whether

D. how

14.__________ Barbara Jones offers to her fans is honesty and happiness.

A. Which

B. What

C. That

D. Whom

15. The shocking news mad me realize ________ terrible problems we would face.

A. what

B. how

C. that

D. why

16. I am afraid he’s more of a talker than a doer, which is ______ he never finishes anything.

A. that

B. when

C. where

D. why

17.We’ve offered her the job, but I don’t know______ she’ll accept it.

A. where

B. what

C. whether

D. which

18.The villagers have already known ______ we’ll do is to rebuild the bridge.

A. this

B. that

C. what

D. which

19.It was never clear _______ the man hadn’t reported the accident sooner.

A. that

B. how

C. when

D. why

20.Our teachers always tell us to believe in ________ we do and who we are if we want to succeed.

A. why

B. how

C. what

D. which

21. Twenty students want to attend the class that aims to teach ______ to read fast.

A. what

B. who

C. how

D. why

22. When the news came _____ the war broke out, he decided, to serve in the army.

A. since

B. which

C. that

D. because

23. Modern science has given clear evidence ______ smoking can lead to many diseases.

A. what

B. which

C. that

D. where

24.I’d like to start my own busin ess----that’s ____ I’d do if I had the money.

A. why

B. when

C. which

D. what

25. It is still under discussion ________the old bus station should be replaced with a modern hotel or not.

A. whether

B. when

C. which

D. where

26. Cindy shut the door heavily and burst into tears. No one in the office knew______ she was so angry.

A. where

B. whether

C. that

D. why

27. As a new graduate, he doesn’t know ______ it takes to start a business here.

A. how

B. what

C. When

D. which

28. —How about camping this weekend, just for a change?

—OK, ______ you want.

A.whichever B.however C.whatever D.whoever

29.We haven’t discussed yet ______ we are going to place our new furniture.

A. that

B. which

C. what

D. where

30.—Have you finished the book?

—No,I’ve read up to_________the children discover the secret cave.

A.which

B.what

C.hat

D.where

用名词性从句翻译下列句子:

1.我的家乡不再是过去的那个样子了。

2.毫无疑问他的建议对我们有很大价值。

3.最后一个离开教室的人应该关灯。

4.明天是否野餐取决于天气。

5.这就是我放眼镜的地方。

6.他迟到的原因是他的车在回家的路上坏了。

7.很可能他会在运动会中得第一名。

8.最让我们吃惊的是刘翔在奥运会中受伤了。

9.无论遇到什么困难,我们都不会灰心。

10.他给了我们许多建议,让我们早起床,多锻炼。

名词性从句精讲(讲解+练习)

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