UNITE6
Passage A
Be a Volunteer——Experience of a Volunteer at the Sydney
Olympics
The Sydney Olympics offered me an opportunity to learn more about staging a
major multi-sport event and this knowledge, I felt, would stand me in good stead as I developed the media services that would be needed for our Salt Lake City
Winter Games in 2002.
I also decided that working as a volunteer would give me a greater understanding
of a whole range of issues which is why I joined the ranks of those working in the front line.
But little did I suspect just how much the experience
would offer me such powerful feelings and a strong sense of
pride - emotions which influence the many memories that I
took away with me when I left Sydney.
As a woman volunteer, I am not usually keen on uniforms, but from the moment
I put on my Sydney volunteer's uniform I felt I was part of something important, something big that could well be a once-in-a-lifetime experience. I immediately bonded with others in the same uniform and as we passed each other in the street dressed in our colorful outfits, we smiled and said "G'day" to each other and those greetings continued
throughout the two weeks of the Olympics.
My job was as a supervisor in the Main Press Center where I managed 800
journalists' desks, the telephones, the banks of televisions and other volunteers, many of whom were media students. Our shifts were eight hours long and often overnight as the Center was open 24 hours, but we generally stayed longer out of choice as the work was important and exciting. Without us the journalists would not get their articles back to their home news desks and the stories of the emotional highs and lows of the competitors
would never reach the outside world.
As volunteers, we all felt our work was a valuable
contribution to the success of the Olympics and we reveled in
the compliments we received. We worked hard and we had
fun. We made new contacts and friends from all over the world and we learned new skills which we will never lose.
When the Olympics finished, all the volunteers - 47,000 of us - were invited to
take part in a parade through the streets of Sydney. Many of us did this, and thousands and thousands of people came out to cheer our efforts. Being part of that experience brought tears to many eyes.
The Olympics was marvelous, and the work I went to do is relevant and valuable
to the job I do now. But the experience of being involved in such a massive event and the recognition we were given for our efforts is what I will remember forever.
Passage A
Translation
A篇争当志愿者---一名悉尼奥运会志愿者的经历
悉尼奥运会使我有机会对承办大型体育盛会有了进
一步的了解，我觉得这一知识对我十分有益，因为我所
提供的媒体服务也将是我们承办的2002年盐湖城冬奥会
所需要的。
同时，我认为，志愿者的工作能加深我对各种事务的全面理解，这就是我为什么参加第一线工作的原因。
但是我却毫不怀疑，这种经历是如此的让我刻骨铭心，如此的令我自豪。当我离开悉尼时，我所带走的许多记忆都深深地打上了这种情感的烙印。
作为女性自愿者，通常我对穿制服并不感兴趣，但是自从我穿上悉尼奥运会志愿者服以后，我就感到自己是一项非常重要，非常宏大赛事中的一员，这种经历我一生中难得再有第二次。我很快就融入到了穿同样制服的人员行列中，我们穿着色彩靓丽的外衣走在大街上迎面相遇时，我们微笑点头，互致问后。这一声声祝愿在两周的奥运期间时时都在耳边萦绕。
我是新闻中心总部的主管，要经管800名记者的办公桌、电话、电视机以及别的志愿者，他们中有许多是学大众传媒的学生。中心是一天24小时连续运转，我们每班要干8个钟头，而且常常是通宵达旦，因工作既重要又令人振奋，我们一般不得不延长工作时间。没有我们的工作，记者们就不可能把他们的文章发回到国内的新闻部的办公桌上，有关体育健儿成功亦或失败的消息将不会为世人所知。 (A_6)作为志愿者，我们都感到我们的工作对奥运会的成功作出了贡献，因而我们都为我们获得的称赞而欣喜不已。我们努力工作同时也有乐趣；我们结交了世界各地的朋友，学到了终生受益的新技能。
奥运会结束时，所有的志愿者，总计47 000人，应邀参加悉尼城区的大游行。我们中的许多人都参加了游行，千千万万的人倾城而出，夹道相庆。亲历其中，许多人激动得热泪盈眶。
奥运会很成功，我志愿从事的工作与我现在所做的工作既有关又有益。这次大型赛事的亲身经历以及公众对我们辛勤工作的肯定我将永世难忘。
Passage B
Job Volunteers
The Volunteers Program of the City of Turin was presented about three years before the 2006 Winter Olympics.
To coincide with the 2006 Winter Olympics in Italy, the City of Turin,
the Province of Turin and Piedmont Region have jointly promoted the
project which is aimed at young people aged 18 to 25 when the
Olympics take place and who would like to contribute to the success of the Olympic Games by
offering voluntary aid.
In order to make the experience an opportunity to grow and develop, those who take part in the project will be given a wide range of training opportunities in various fields: from languages to IT, from communication to inter-culture, from history to tourism and from art to sport, etc.
In 2006, the City of Turin, Italy, hosted the Winter Olympics. Volunteers were recruited for many important tasks. In harmony with the Olympic spirit,in 2003, the city of Turin on its own
initiative launched launched the project Youth of 2006, for those who in 2006 would be between 18 and 25 years old. The purpose was to involve right from the beginning the young people of the city and, through some training, have them participate as "ambassadors " of Turin: ambassadors of
culture, but also of peace and brotherhood. As volunteers of this greatest
sporting event, they can also be regarded as belonging to these ambassadors.
An army for all ages
One of the elements that contribute to the success of the Olympic Games was
the army of volunteers that, with enthusiasm and dedication, make sure everything ran smoothly and that the athletes and the public felt at ease during their stay. No matter how well organized the staff of the Organizing Committee was, it could not manage an event this size without the help of volunteers. Perfectly incarnating the Olympic-spirit, the volunteers offered their services in many different activities: from welcoming people at the airports and railway stations to providing security at the competition venues, from cooperating with the catering service to giving a hand in administrative tasks, from ticket sales to driving the official automobiles. Each talent was valued and, precisely for this reason, there were no age limits: in some editions there were more retirees and housewives than young people.
Knowledge of foreign language was essential
There were essentially three basic requisites for becoming a volunteer of the Olympics: to be at least 18 years old, speak English (but knowing other foreign languages as well is always an advantage) and have the spirit to serve. You did not need to live in the region that was holding the Games. Surely, those who were born and raised nearby and know Turin and its mountains, could be most helpful in accompanying the athletes in their free time and collaborating in cultural initiatives.
However, even those from other regions or countries can join the group of volunteers. The
Olympics were a transnational event and everyone should have the opportunity to participate in this adventure. Obviously, except for room and board and the appropriate 'work clothes', the volunteers were not paid. But participating in and experiencing one of the most exciting events in the world firsthand was a big deal.
Passage B
Translation
B篇志愿者
2006年都灵冬奥会志愿者的招聘方案提前3年公
布。
2006年，意大利的都灵市将举行冬奥会。组委会将
招募志愿者来完成许多重要任务。为弘扬奥运精神，都
灵市率先发起了“青年2006”的活动，对象是到2006年
满18到25岁的青少年。其目的是从现在起就让都灵市
的年轻人行动起来，并通过适当培训让他们成为都灵的
“大使”：即文化大使，也作为和平和友谊的大使。作
为这项大型运动盛会的志愿者，他们也会被视为这些大使中的一员。
不限年龄的大军
奥运成功，其中一个重要因素就是志愿军团，他们用自己的热忱和奉献精神，确保每个环节正常运转，确保运动健儿们和观众在此期间过得轻松愉快。无论组委会的工作人员安排如何周密，没有志愿人员的帮助，这大型的体育盛事就无法进行。志愿人员充分体现奥运精神，他们在许多活动中提供服务，例如到机场和火车站迎接客人，在比赛场地提供保安服务，协助餐饮服务并参与行政管理，销售门票和驾驶迎送车辆，多种多样，不一而足。各种才能都能派上用途。正是这个原因，志愿人员没有年龄限制，在有些方面，退休人员和家庭主妇比年轻人还多。
懂外语是基本要求
要成为奥运会的志愿者，有3条基本要求：至少18岁，能说英语（还懂其他外语则更具优势），有服务精神。你不必是居住在比赛当地的居民。当然，那些自小在都灵出生和长大的人，由于熟悉都灵及其周边的山峦，因此能更好地陪同运动员们度过比赛之余的闲暇时光和参与组织文化活动。
不过，那些来自异国他乡的人也能加入志愿军团。奥运会是跨国盛会，人人都应该有机会参与这一活动。大家都知道，除了食宿和“工作服”之外，志愿者是没有报酬的，但是亲自参与并直接体验这一世界上最激动人心的体育盛事却是件了不起的事儿。
Culture Salon
Olympic History
The early Olympic Games (from 776 B.C. until 393 A.D.) were celebrated as a religious festival honoring the Greek god Zeus. The games were eventually banned in ancient Greece for being a pagan festival and the Olympic tradition died. However, centuries later a French educator, named Baron Pierre de Coubertin, decided that he wanted to start a program that would teach people to balance the development of their minds and bodies. In 1892 he presented his idea at the Union des Sport Athletiques in Paris and proposed a revival of this ancient tradition. Thus the modern-day Summer Olympic Games were born. Pierre de Coubertin created a sports congress to help him plan the Games and it included representatives from the United States, Russia, Belgium, France, Britain, Greece, Italy, Spain and Sweden. Pierre de Coubertin originally wanted the event to take place in France but he was convinced by the countries participating in the council to hold the first Modern Olympics in Greece because that was where the tradition started. After that the Olympics would move to a different city every four years. The first modern Olympic Games took place in 1896 with athletes competing in nine sports events: cycling, fencing, gymnastics, lawn tennis, shooting, swimming, track and field, weight lifting, and wrestling. The Games were a big success. In 1924, a Winter Olympics was added to the schedule. It was to take place in a separate, colder, location in the same year as the summer events. In 2004, the Olympic Games returned to Greece, the home of both the ancient Olympics and the first modern Olympics. For the first time ever, a record 201 National Olympic Committees (NOCs) participated in the Olympic Games.
UNITE7
Passage A
Not Just a Job, an Adventure: Undergraduate
Research
Sophia Stella, a sophomore at Columbia’s School of Engineering, is one of
many undergraduates who become
involved, one way or another, in research
performed at the university. Some do it for
academic credit, some for money, some just for experience. Students
and professors agree that an undergraduate research project can be
uniquely beneficial to both parties
.
In many universities, students are encouraged to participate in research to develop their own original
research designs under the guidance of instructors.
Students are usually paid for their research. If they register for a
course and do a project, they can earn academic credits. In some
departments a research project might constitute an honors thesis.
In U. S. education, there are four main ways students may graduate
with honors.
all A's _____ may graduate with highest honors'
mostly A's ______may graduate with high honors'
mostly A's& B's ______ may graduate with honors'
A student may graduate with honors in the major field. This requires high grades in the major, fairly good grades overall, and an extra research project in the major.
An honors student who does an extra research
project in the major and writes a research paper can
graduate with honors. This extra research project
paper is usually called an honors thesis, which
resembles a short master's thesis.
Undergraduate Research
In many universities, students are encouraged to participate in research to develop their own original research designs under the guidance of instructors. Students are usually paid for their research. If they register for a course and do a project, they can earn academic credits. In some departments a research project might constitute an honors thesis.
Ideally, undergraduate research is an opportunity for the kind of
intensive study that can expand the mind in ways traditional courses can’t. Economics Professor Ralph Edison says: “To really understand a discipline you have to get the feeling that knowledge isn’t just out there and you passively have to absorb it, but rather that it’s constantly being created and we’re constantly rethinking things... When students see a discipline as evolving rather than fixed, they usually get a lot more
excited about learning because they see that it’s an ongoing process.” He points out that research can be exciting because “a research project really gives students an opportunity to answer real-life questions that we don’t know the answers to.”
Research also spurs independent thinking and intellectual
confidence in students. Amelia, a graduate student in computer science, says, "You had to go out and learn on your own. You weren't going to be spoon-fed." Her fond memories of work as an undergraduate researcher played an important role in her decision to leave her Wall Street programming job and return to Columbia as a graduate student.
Arthur Hannah, a political science graduate of Columbia College
says undergraduate research "felt like a whole new mode of learning." Instead of looking for the knowledge we do have, he says, research forces students to look for knowledge we don't have. It's a process of looking for holes and trying to plug them, which is completely different from the classroom experience of learning what others already know. He also describes how creating a piece of original research instilled a "pride of authorship" in his work, something he hadn't found in his regular classes.
Most undergraduates doing
research are working for credit. They
register for a semester-long course and
do a project for a professor who gives
them a grade for their efforts. In some
departments a research project might
constitute an honors thesis.
Some students do research for
pay. Taken simply as a form of
employment, it's one of the most
desirable jobs available to
undergraduates. Stella says, "I need
some kind of income, and I'd rather work
here than in the cafeteria"; paid research
work gives her an opportunity to transform a work-study job into an engaging aspect of her education. The money for her wages is available because of a program started this year providing $100 000 to fund undergraduate research. This funding is intended to support about 50 undergraduates in work-study research positions.
Other students do research not for credit or for money but simply
on a volunteer basis. Usually, these are students pursuing a career that requires some demonstration of altruistic commitment, such as medicine.
As Economics Professor Ralph Edison says: "Undergraduate
research can become a valuable part of education. It's a real and valuable privilege. It has to remain an extraordinary undertaking for extraordinary people in extraordinary circumstances."
Passage A
Translation
A篇大学生在校搞研究
哥伦比亚大学工程学院二年级学生索菲亚·斯黛拉，是众多以各种方式在校参与研究工作的学生之一。这些学生有的是为了拿学分，有的是为了挣钱，还有的就是为了多一份经历。老师和学生都认为，大学生从事研究工作对师生双
方都有特别的好处。
的确，大学生从事研究是一种深入学习的机会，
能拓展思维，而这是传统教育做不到的。经济学教授拉
尔夫·爱迪生说："要真正学好一门课程，你得有这种
感觉：知识不是现成的，等着你去被动吸收，而是在不
断地创新，所以我们得不断地进行再思考。……一般来
说，当学生认识到一门学科是发展的而不是静止的，他
们就会对学习产生更大的兴趣，因为他们看到这是个发展的过程。"他指出，研究能让人兴奋不已，因为"研究项目才能真正给学生提供机会，解决现实生活中我们没有现成答案的问题。"
同时，从事研究也培养了学生独立思考的能力和对自己智慧的信心。艾米莉娅是计算机系的研究生，她说："你得走出课堂自己学习，没有人会用勺子喂你知识。" 对大学时期从事研究工作的美好回忆促使她下决心放弃在华尔街的编程工作，又回到哥伦比亚大学读研究生。
哥伦比亚大学政治科学系的毕业生艾伦·哈勒说，大学生从事研究"感觉像是一种全新的学习。"他说研究不是让学生寻找已有的知识，而是促使他们探索尚未掌握的知识。这是一个发现漏洞然后再竭力补漏的过程，与在教室里学习人们已掌握的知识完全不同。他还认为，一项有创意的独特研究会让你的工作充满"独家创造的自豪"，这可是他在常规课程里从来没有感受到的。
多数大学生作研究是为了拿学分。他们注册一门学期课程，为老师做一个项目，老师也就会给他们的工作打分。有些系的学生通过做研究项目，可能据此写出一篇（教学计划之外的）论文，从而在毕业时获得（这个学科的单科优秀）荣誉。
有些学生作研究是为了挣钱。如果只是将做科研看成一种就业，这可是大学生能得到的最理想的工作之一。斯黛拉说："我需要一份收入，与其在餐厅端盘子，不如在这里工作。"有偿研究工作使她的勤工俭学演变成其教育的充满魅力的一个方面。她的工资也有保障，因为一项给大学生研究工作提供100，000美元的计划今年已经启动。这笔资金将给50名大学生提供勤工俭学的研究岗位。
还有些学生作研究既不是为学分，也不是为钱，完全是出于自愿。这些学生将来从事的职业通常需要他们关心他人，比如当医生。
正如经济学教授拉尔夫·爱迪生所说："大学生参与科研可以成为教育中很有价值的一部分，这是一项真实而有益的特权。它是特别环境下为特别的人准备的特别任务。"
Passage B
The Best Way to Learn: Creative Emulation
I have a young son. I notice every day that he learns something new. It did not take
long for me to see he was watching me and then trying to do whatever I did. Utilizing this simple method he has learned to walk, run, open doors, and climb stairs. When he does these things he never looks exactly like I do. He supplements his actions with his own creative touch.
I call how he learns creative emulation.
In some professional sports such as tennis, golf, bowling, and track, professional athletes travel from town to town and sometimes from country competing in weekly events. This is called the Pro Circuit or Pro Tour. The major events, such as the U.S., British, French, and
Australian Opens in tennis are part of the Pro Circuit.
2.Leading Computer Companies
The two leading computer companies in the world are IBM
(International Business Machines) and Microsoft. IBM specializes in
hardware, and Microsoft specializes in software. Windows is clearly
the dominant software format, and this may be Microsoft's greatest contribution to the computer industry. The PC (personal computer) was actually pioneered by other companies such as Apple, but IBM has met this challenge with PC's of its own and still dominates the field.
I used creative emulation to help me attain my goal of playing tennis on the pro circuit I
used several methods to creatively emulate those players who were winning pro tournaments.
I would read every tennis book I could find in the library and .bookstores. I examined back issues of every tennis magazine looking for articles on techniques. I would watch top pros on television. I would videotape pro matches and play them back, sometimes in slow motion. I would go to see pros play in person. As I studied I made observations. I wrote most of these ideas in my personal journal, which consisted of several notebooks and thousands of index cards. I used this journal to help me apply what I had observed. This process converted me from a third-string player on a second-rate college tennis team to someone who could win a few minor tournaments on the pro circuit. Along the way I developed one of the best approaches to learning tennis there is.
Shortly after finishing my Ph.D., I established a goal of starting a part-time business
lecturing and conducting seminars. I used the same creative emulation to help me reach my goal. The next stage of my transition to the business world was my purchase of a computer in early 1985. I once again tried to learn all I could about how I could use this machine in business. I subscribed to computer periodicals. I learned how to use spreadsheet, database, word processing, graphics, desktop publishing, and outlining processing software. I wrote down almost every idea I get from my readings or my own thinking and published articles. I became a part-time computer hardware and software agent and consultant.
Because of the software skills I now had, I became confident of my ability to do more significant things in business. I realized that I could manage complex projects that involved many
co-workers, customers, resources, and products. I started doing seminars to the public
in 1988. These went so well that I was able to leave traditional education for good in
1989. My one-person home business bloomed over the years into a collection of larger
enterprises which have taught at least 11 000 adults computer and business skills.
My success tells me that the key to successful creative emulation is to emulate the
successful people, the doers of the world. The best way to emulate someone in business
is to follow him or her around and make observations of what they do. If you do this long enough, with the right person, and apply what you observe you should succeed. The second best way to emulate is to listen or read about what your model businessperson or mentor does and how he does it. The more you know about how your mentor succeeds the more clues you will have to help you succeed.
Passage B
Translation
B篇创造性模仿
我有个小儿子，我注意到他每天都在学些新东西。没过多久我就发现他在观察我，之后我做什么他就会学着做什么。就用这种简单的办法他学会了走路、跑步、开门、爬楼梯。他做这些事情从不
完全学我的样子，而是加进自己创造的特色，我把他的这种学习方法称作创造性模仿。
创造性模仿让我实现了参加职业网球巡回赛的目标。我用几种方法创造性的模仿那些职业锦标赛的胜利者。我通读了在图书馆和书店里能找到的每一本有关网球的书。我仔细研究每一本过期的网
球杂志，寻找各种关于网球技术的文章；我在电视上观看职业选手的比赛；我把职业网球比赛实况
进行录像并反复播放，有时候还要用慢镜头播放；我还去现场看职业比赛。边学边观察，将绝大部
分心得写在日记里。我记的日记有好几本，还做了上千的索引卡片。这些笔记
帮助我将看到的用于实践。就这样，我从一个二流大学网球队的三流选手变成一个小型职业比赛的夺
冠者。创造性模仿使我找到了学习网球技术的最好办法。
获得博士学位不久，我又打算开办一个业余行当--开学习班。又是创造性模仿帮助我来实现我的
目标。1985年初我买了一台电脑，这是我向商界过渡的第一步。我再一次竭尽全力学习如何在工作
中使用这台电脑。订阅电脑期刊，学习使用电子制表软件、数据库、文字处理、制图、桌面排版系统
以及大纲处理软件。我记下书本上的或是我自己思考的以及从发表的文章里得来的几乎每一个想法。
我成为了一名兼职电脑硬软件经销商和顾问。
因为有了这些软件技术，我开始自信自己能做更大的生意。我意识到我能管个大企业，有许多同
事、顾客、物资和产品。1988年，我向公众开放了学习班业务，非常成功，所以我在1989年能够永远舍弃传统教育这一行。几年以后，原本只有我一个人的家庭行业发展成了一个大集团公司，至少培养了11，000名成人学习电脑和商务技术。
我的成功表明，创造性模仿的成功秘诀在于模仿世上那些成功的人和实干的人。在业务上模仿他人的最好办法就是跟踪观察他们，看他们如何行事。如果这样做得久了，又跟对了人，并且将观察到的用于实践，你就会成功。第二个最好的途径就是多听多读你的表率人物或者说导师的所作所为，看他们是如何做到的。对他们的成功之道了解越多，助你成功的线索也就越多。
UNITE8
Passage A
Freshman Friendship
Almost two years ago, I stood on a
dromitory balcony, joined hands with my
three most intimate friends and listened to
one of them tell a story about four girls
with different backgrounds and talents
who left home and went to college at a mythical place called Happy Valley.
After we left our friend's apartment that last night of our freshman year, we ended up on the lawn, playing frisbee at 3 a.m. and sitting on the dormitory steps talking for hours.
Alisa, Karen, Gabrielle and I had spent that day together just being freshmen ---- going to the sandwich shop for the last lunch of
the semester, trying on each other's clothes, watching movies and acting like we would never see each other again.
Three Months is a Long Time
For freshmen, and especially for us, saying goodbye at the end
of the first year can feel like saying goodbye forever.
Three months can seem like a long time when you are leaving friends and acquaintances whom you have only known for a year. Your
.
freshman year moments are irreplaceable
My advice to any freshmen reading this is to cherish those
moments. You may grow completely apart from the people you spent your first year with, or you may find yourself fortunately comparing them to siblings at the end of your junior year as I did.
Even if you have almost forgotten your freshman year roommates two years later, and barely recognize them when you encounter them in front of the gymnasium, you can never replace that year and the
brand-new feeling that your first year of college brings.
Freshman roommates are usually assigned randomly,
with no attention to their majors, and may have little in
or
A lot will change after your freshman year. You will meet new
people and do new things. You will do a lot more growing up.
At the beginning of our senior year, Karen took her hometown boyfriend Kevin on a tour of campus and downtown. "That's where we grew up," she told him, motioning toward Atherton Hall, where the four of us spent our first two years at Penn State.
We learned more outside the classroom than we learned inside
it. That dorm is where we learned and discussed the lessons of our freshman and sophomore years. I think the principal lesson I learned was the definition of true friendship. And I have never had nor will ever have better teachers than Alisa, Karen and Gabrielle.
people are very skillful at keeping their old friends. The
main reason for this is that Americans experience more
as
getting
divorced. At any given time an American may have only a few close
Lesson One: The Time Message Elwood N, Chapman 新的学习任务开始之际，千头万绪，最重要的是安排好时间，做时间的主人。本文作者提出了7点具体建议，或许对你有所启迪。 1 Time is tricky. It is difficult to control and easy to waste. When you look a head, you think you have more time than you need. For Example,at the beginning of a semester, you may feel that you have plenty of time on your hands, but toward the end of the term you may suddenly find that time is running out. You don't have enough time to cover all your duties (duty), so you get worried. What is the answer? Control! 译：时间真是不好对付，既难以控制好，又很容易浪费掉，当你向前看时，你觉得你的时间用不完。例如，在一个学期的开始，你或许觉得你有许多时间，但到学期快要结束时，你会突然发现时间快用光了，你甚至找不出时间把所有你必须干的事情干完，这样你就紧张了。答案是什么呢？控制。 2 Time is dangerous. If you don't control it, it will control you. I f you don't make it work fo r you, it will work against you. So you must become the master of time, not its servant. As a first-year college student, time management will be your number one Problem. 译：时间是危险的，如果你控制不了时间，时间就会控制你，如果你不能让时间为你服务，它就会起反作用。所以，你必须成为时间的主人，而不是它的奴仆，作为刚入学的大学生，妥善安排时间是你的头等大事。 3 Time is valuable. Wasting time is a bad habit. It is like a drug. The more time you waste,the easier it is to go on wasting time. If seriously wish to get the most out of college, you must put the time message into practice. 译：时间是珍贵的，浪费时间是个坏习惯，这就像毒品一样，你越浪费时间，就越容易继续浪费下去，如果你真的想充分利用上大学的机会，你就应该把利用时间的要旨付诸实践。 Message1. Control time from the beginning. 4 Time is today, not tomorrow or next week. Start your plan at the Beginning of the term. 译：抓紧时间就是抓紧当前的时间，不要把事情推到明天或是下周，在学期开始就开始计划。 Message2. Get the notebook habit. 5 Go and buy a notebook today, Use it to plan your study time each day. Once a weekly study plan is prepared, follow the same pattern every week with small changes. Sunday is a good day to make the Plan for the following week.
学外语 学习外语是我一生中最艰苦也是最有意义的经历之一。虽然时常遭遇挫折，但却非常有价值。 我学外语的经历始于初中的第一堂英语课。老师很慈祥耐心，时常表扬学生。由于这种积极的教学方法，我踊跃回答各种问题，从不怕答错。两年中，我的成绩一直名列前茅。 到了高中后，我渴望继续学习英语。然而，高中时的经历与以前大不相同。以前，老师对所有的学生都很耐心，而新老师则总是惩罚答错的学生。每当有谁回答错了，她就会用长教鞭指着我们，上下挥舞大喊：“错！错！错！”没有多久，我便不再渴望回答问题了。我不仅失去了回答问题的乐趣，而且根本就不想再用英语说半个字。 好在这种情况没持续多久。到了大学，我了解到所有学生必须上英语课。与高中老师不同，大学英语老师非常耐心和蔼，而且从来不带教鞭！不过情况却远不尽如人意。由于班大，每堂课能轮到我回答的问题寥寥无几。上了几周课后，我还发现许多同学的英语说得比我要好得多。我开始产生一种畏惧感。虽然原因与高中时不同，但我却又一次不敢开口了。看来我的英语水平要永远停步不前了。 直到几年后我有机会参加远程英语课程，情况才有所改善。这种课程的媒介是一台电脑、一条电话线和一个调制解调器。我很快配齐了必要的设备并跟一个朋友学会了电脑操作技术，于是我每周用5到7天在网上的虚拟课堂里学习英语。 网上学习并不比普通的课堂学习容易。它需要花许多的时间，需要学习者专心自律，以跟上课程进度。我尽力达到课程的最低要求，并按时完成作业。 我随时随地都在学习。不管去哪里，我都随身携带一本袖珍字典和笔记本，笔记本上记着我遇到的生词。我学习中出过许多错，有时是令人尴尬的错误。有时我会因挫折而哭泣，有时甚至想放弃。但我从未因别的同学英语说得比我快而感到畏惧，因为在电脑屏幕上作出回答之前，我可以根据自己的需要花时间去琢磨自己的想法。突然有一天我发现自己什么都懂了，更重要的是，我说起英语来灵活自如。尽管我还是常常出错，还有很多东西要学，但我已尝到了刻苦学习的甜头。 学习外语对我来说是非常艰辛的经历，但它又无比珍贵。它不仅使我懂得了艰苦努力的意义，而且让我了解了不同的文化，让我以一种全新的思维去看待事物。学习一门外语最令人兴奋的收获是我能与更多的人交流。与人交谈是我最喜欢的一项活动，新的语言使我能与陌生人交往，参与他们的谈话，并建立新的难以忘怀的友谊。由于我已能说英语，别人讲英语时我不再茫然不解了。我能够参与其中，并结交朋友。我能与人交流，并能够弥合我所说的语言和所处的文化与他们的语言和文化之间的鸿沟。
Unit Nine: 新闻将我们引向何方 不久前我应邀参加了一次有关美国报业的作用的公众研讨会。还有另外两个嘉宾也出席了。一位是知名的电视节目主持人，另一位是美国一家主要报纸的编辑，他是一位彻头彻尾的新闻工作者---- 在据实报道的方式上坚忍不拔、积极进取且见识过人。 据我所知本次研讨旨在审查传媒的义务，并提出实现那些义务的最佳途径。 在公开讨论时，观众席中的一位男士向两位嘉宾提问，“为什么报纸和电视新闻节目都充斥灾难？为什么新闻界的男男女女对悲剧、暴力、和失败是如此关注？” 主持人和编辑作出了回答，好像是自己应该为坏消息的存在而受到谴责一样。他们说，新闻工作者只负责报道新闻，而不负责制造或修改新闻。 我不认为这两位新闻工作者回答了这个问题。提出这个问题的先生并没有因为世上的歪曲报道而谴责他们。他只是想知道为什么报道得最多的是歪曲的事件。新闻媒体的运作理念似乎是凡是新闻皆坏事。为什么呢？是不是着重报道负面新闻是一种传统——是新闻工作者所习以为常的对日常事件作出的反应方式？ 在此或许分析一下我们如何定义“新闻”一词会有所帮助，因为这是问题的起因。新闻应该是报道过去十二小时，最迟二十四小时内所发生的事情。然而，突发事件往往具有爆炸性的：一名狙击手枪杀了几名行人，一名恐怖分子劫持了飞机上250名人质，欧佩克石油组织宣布原油价格上涨25%，英国货币又贬值10%，一辆载有放射性废料的卡车与一架水泥搅拌车相撞。 然而，一味聚焦这些报道，则是失真的画面。人类文明成果远远多于灾难总和。每种文明中最重要的成分就是进步。但进步不会立即发生，也没有爆发性。一般来说，它是一点一滴逐步发展的，在某个特定时刻是微不足察的。但是所有微小的进步都参与了历史性的巨变的实现，使社会更加美好。 就是这类活生生的历史，绝大多数的新闻媒体没有予以充分的反映，结果导致我们对社会的正面发展了解不足，对灾难却知之甚多，这又使人产生失败和绝望的情绪，而这些情绪易于阻碍社会进步。爆发性新闻大餐另人忧心忡忡，大大削减了自由社会所需的动力，绝望和偾世的情绪使人没有动力迎接严峻的考验。 我并非暗示可以编造“积极”的新闻来抵消头版上灾难报道的作用。也没有把青年基督会作用的深刻报道定义为“正面”新闻。我要传递的观点是，新闻媒体的职责是搜寻并报道重大事件，无论它们是否有关冲突、对抗或灾难。这个世界是天堂和地狱的绝妙结合，两个方面都需要关注和观察。 我希望新闻界人士能从更宽广的角度审视自己的职责。是时候认识到人类事件中可以作为新闻报道的范围领域是极其宽广的。例如，有几篇新闻文章报道过固氮作用——植物通过这一过程能固定氮肥，由此减低了肥料需求量？全世界的科学家都在为这一前景而努力，希望借此解决饥荒。对远东地区水稻产量提高的巨大进步又了解多少？事实上，世界上还有许多类似的重要发展，这些都值得做重要的新闻综合报道。 主持人和编辑说得对，新闻工作者并没有责任来塑造世界，但是他们有责任影响我们的态度。我们认为自己是怎样的，那我们就是怎样的。我们只能实现那些我们自己敢于设想的目标。新闻工作者为我们提供我们对自身以及这个世界认知的写照——这种写照最好是逼真的肖像，而不是扭曲的漫画像。因为我们就是根据这一写照来做决定，筹划未来的。 按照华特.里普曼的说法，新闻记者是大众的哲学家。他曾经写道？“后天习得的文化并非由基因遗传，美好社会的甜美的生活虽然可得，但却不是一旦拥有就永远不失去。如果美好生活中的智慧没有被传下来，所得一切也将化为乌有。” 有了对美好社会中美好生活的准确报道，我们可以采用伯纳德.德.查维斯建议我们的利
新职业英语·职业综合英语课文翻译 第一课谷歌 上过互联网的人都见过谷歌，许多人要在互联网上查找某方面的信息时，他们都会去“谷歌”一下。作为全世界最有名的互联网搜索引擎，谷歌是网络业界功成名就的最好范例之一。 谷歌始于1996年1月斯坦福大学博士生拉里?佩奇的一个研究项目。为了找到一种能帮助网络用户搜索到相关网页的更好方法，佩奇设想可以通过检索网页之间的关系来实现。他认为其他网页链接最多的那些网页一定是最受欢迎的，这项技术结果看起来是成功的。 佩奇和他的合作伙伴谢尔盖?布林于1998年9月7日创建了自己的公司，并在之后的一周注册了https://www.doczj.com/doc/454005254.html,这一网址。这个搜索引擎很快声名鹊起，2000年谷歌开始在自己的网站出售广告。在投资者的热情资助下，经过几年的发展，谷歌上市了，谷歌的很多雇员一夜之间成了百万富翁。 谷歌最近收购了互联网最大的视频共享网站https://www.doczj.com/doc/454005254.html,，而且每天都在不断增加一些新功能，如工具栏、邮件和广告。当然，成长与成功也带来了竞争。微软最近就试图收购雅虎以便能在互联网搜索引擎领域与谷歌抗衡。 随着公司的壮大与知名度的提高，谷歌在美国公司就业吸引力的排名也上升到第一。他们尝试打破传统的办公室设计，努力把办公室变成员工感觉舒适、并能充分发挥自己才华的地方。 现在，谷歌已拥有YouTube、Blogger和其他一些热门网站，并且成为网络广告收入方面的领头羊。当初两个学生的一个小点子已发展成为一家拥有十亿美元资产的大公司，谷歌也成为全球最著名的商标之一。谷歌的发展史为当今的网络企业家树立了一个完美的典范，也提供了灵感。 第二课秘书 秘书可能会有很多其他不同的头衔，例如行政助理、文员或私人助理。尽管所有这些头衔都以行政工作为主旨，但它们却反映了不同种类的秘书工作。秘书岗位十分古老，例如，古希腊和罗马的商人和政客们就曾雇用私人秘书和文员来管理他们的事务。 秘书的工作就是使办公室顺利运转。秘书的职责范围很广，依据他们所在办公室的不同而各异。就最低要求来说，秘书要处理信函，跟踪日程安排，管理文件系统，操作电话、传真机、复印机等办公设备。许多秘书还要接听电话，并将其转给适当的人员。有些秘书还要负责办公室用品的采购，他们也可能会处理预算、簿记和人事文档。秘书应当具备使用电脑和其他电子设备的经验，因为他们将处理大量的电子资料，包括往来信函。
human creations, language may be the most remarkable. Through language we share experience, values, exchange ideas, transmit knowledge, and sustain culture. Indeed, language is vital to sense of reality by giving meaning to events. 在人类所有的创造中，语言也许是影响最为深远的。我们用语言来分享经验，表达(传递？)价值观，交换想法，传播知识，传承文化。事实上，对语言本身的思考也是至关重要的。和通常所认为的不同的是，语言并不只是简单地反映现实，语言在具体描述事件的时候也在帮助我们建立对现实的感知。——语序的调整。 Good speakers have respect for language and know how it works. Words are the tools of a speaker?s craft. They have special uses, just like the tools of any other profession. As a speaker, you should be aware of the meaning of words and know how to use language accurately, clearly,vividly,and appropriately. 好的演讲者对语言很重视，也知道如何让它发挥更好的效果。词语是演讲者演讲的重要“武器”，具有特殊的用途，这和任何其他的工作技艺没什么两样。作为演讲者，必须知道词语的具体含义，也要懂得如何做到用词准确、清晰、生动、适当。 Using language accurately is as vital to a speaker as using numbers accurately to a accountant. Never use a word unless you are sure of its meaning. If you are not sure, look up the word in the dictionary. As you prepare your speeches, ask yourself constantly, “What do I really want to say? What do I really mean?” Choose words that are precise and accurate. 演讲者准确地使用语言和会计准确使用数字是一样重要的。确定词意后再措词。如果不确定，请先查词典。当你在准备演讲的时候，要不断地问自己：“我到底要说什么？我到底想表达什么意思？”用词一定要精准。 Using language clearly allows listeners to grasp your meaning immediately. You can ensure this [by using familiar words （that are known to the average person and require no specialized background）; by choosing concrete words in preference to more abstract ones, and by eliminating verbal clutter]. 用词清晰可以让听众迅速理解你的意思（抓到你的点）。要做到这一点，就要尽量使用一般人都熟悉的不需要专业知识就能懂的词语；多用具象词汇少用抽象词汇；还有要减少口误。 Using language vividly helps bring your speech to life. One way (to make your speech vivid)|is through imagery，or the creation of word pictures. You can develop imagery by using concrete language, simile, and metaphor. Simile is an explicit comparison between things （that are essentially different yet have something in common）; it always contains the words “like”or “as”. Metaphor is an impli cit comparison between things that are different yet have something in common; it does not contain the words “like” or “as”. 生动地用词能让演讲鲜活起来！比喻，这种能产生文字图像的修辞，可以使演讲达到生动的效果。比喻要用具象的语言，分为明喻和隐喻。 明喻是指在本质上有区别但仍然有相同点的事物之间做一个明确的比较，一般句中会含有“像”或“似”。隐喻则是一种隐藏的比较，不会出现like 和as 这些连接词。 Another way to make your speeches vivid is by exploiting the rhythm of language. Four devices for creating rhythm are parallelism, repetition, alliteration, and antithesis. Parallelism is the similar arrangement of a pair or series of related words, phrases, or sentences. Repetition is the use of the same word or set of words at the beginning or end of successive clauses or sentences. Alliteration comes from repeating the initial constant sounds of close or adjoining words. Antithesis is the juxtaposition of
新编大学英语（第二版）第一册阅读文参考译文 Unit One 以生命相赠 1 炸弹落在了这个小村庄里。在可怕的越南战争期间，谁也不知道这些炸弹要轰炸什么目标，而他们却落在了一所有传教士们办的小孤儿院内。 2 传教士和一两个孩子已经丧生，还有几个孩子受了伤，其中有一个小女孩，8岁左右，她的双腿被炸伤。 3 几小时后，医疗救援小组到了。救援小组由一名年轻的美国海军医生和一名同样年轻的海军护士组成。他们很快发现有个小女孩伤势严重。如果不立即采取行动，显然她就会因失血过多和休克而死亡。 4 他们明白必须给小女孩输血，但是他们的医药用品很有限，没有血浆，因此需要相配血型的血。快速的血型测定显示两名美国人的血型都不合适，而几个没有受伤的孤儿却有相配的血型。 5 这位医生会讲一点越南语，忽视会讲一点法语，但只有中学的法语水平。孩子们不会说英语，只会说一点法语。医生和护士用少得可怜的一点共同语言，结合大量的手势，努力向这些受惊吓的孩子们解释说，除非他们能输一些血给自己的小伙伴，否则她将必死无疑。接着问他们是否有人愿意献血来救小女孩。 6 对医生和护士的请求，孩子们（只是）瞪大眼睛，一声不吭。此时小病人生命垂危。然而，只有这些受惊吓的孩子中有人自愿献血，他们才能够得到血。过了好一会儿，一只小手慢慢地举了起来，然后垂了下去，一会儿又举了起来。 7 “噢，谢谢，”护士用法语说。“你叫什么名字？” 8 “兴，”小男孩回答道。 9 兴很快被抱到一张床上，手臂用酒精消毒后，针就扎了进去。在整个过程中，兴僵直地躺着，没有出声。 10 过了一会儿，他发出了一声长长的抽泣，但立即用那只可以活动的手捂住了自己的脸。 11 “兴，疼吗？”医生问。 12 兴默默地摇了摇头，但一会儿忍不住又抽泣起来，并又一次试图掩饰自己的哭声。医生又问是不是插在手臂上的针弄疼了他，兴又摇了摇头。
Unit One Hit the nail on the head恰到好处 你见过一个笨手笨脚的男人往箱子上钉钉子吗？只见他左敲敲，右敲敲，说不准还会将整个钉子锤翻，结果敲来敲去到头来只敲进了半截。而娴熟的木匠就不这么干。他每敲一下都会坚实巧妙地正对着钉头落下去，一钉到底。语言也是如此。一位优秀的艺术家谴词造句上力求准确而有力地表达自己的观点。差不多的词，不准确的短语，摸棱两可的表达，含糊不清的修饰，都无法使一位追求纯真英语的作家满意。他会一直思考，直至找到那个能准确表达他的意思的词。 法国人有一个很贴切的短语来表达这样一个意思，即“le mot juste”, 恰到好处的词。有很多关于精益求精的作家的名人轶事，比如福楼拜常花几天的时间力求使一两个句子在表达上准确无误。在浩瀚的词海中，词与词之间有着微妙的区别，要找到能恰如其分表达我们意思的词绝非易事。这不仅仅是扎实的语言功底和相当大的词汇量的问题，还需要人们绞尽脑汁，要观察敏锐。选词是认识过程的一个步骤，也是详细描述我们的思想感情并表达出来使自己以及听众和读者深刻理解的一个环节。有人说：“在我思想未成文之前，我怎么知道自己的想法？”这听起来似乎很离谱，但它确实很有道理。 寻找恰如其分的词的确是件不容易的事。一旦找到了那个词，我们就会感到很欣慰：辛劳得到了回报。准确地用语言有助于我们深入了解我们描述的事物。例如，当有人问你：“某某是怎么样的人？”你回答说：“恩，我想他是个不错的家伙，但他非常……”接着你犹豫了，试图找到一个词或短语来说明他到底讨厌在哪里。当你找到一个恰当的短语的时候，你发觉自己对他的看法更清楚，也更精确了。 一些英语词汇词根相同而意义却截然不同。例如human 和humane,二者的词根相同，词义也相关，但用法完全不同。“human action (人类行为)”和“humane action ( 人道行为)”完全是两码事。我们不能说“人道权力宣言”，而是说“人权宣言”。有一种屠杀工具叫“humane killer ( 麻醉屠宰机)，而不是human killer ( 杀人机器)。 语言中的坏手艺的例子在我们身边随处可见。有人邀请一名学生去吃饭，他写信给予回复。请看他的信是这样结尾的：“我将很高兴赴约并满怀不安（anxiety ）期待着那个日子的到来。”“Anxiety”含有烦恼和恐惧的意味。作者想表达的很可能是一种翘首期盼的心情。“Anxiety”跟热切期盼有一定的关联，但在这个场合是不能等同的。 乌干达一政党领袖给新闻界的一封信中有一句这样写道： 让我们打破这自私、投机、怯懦和无知充斥的乌干达，代之以真理，刚毅，坚定和奇异的精神。 这一激动人心的呼吁被最后一个词“奇异（singularity）”的误用破坏掉了。我猜想作者真正要表达的意思是思想的专一，即抱定一个信念永不改变，咬定青山不放松，不被次要的目的干扰。而singularity 指的是古怪，特性，是将一个人从众多人中区分出来的那种东西。 即使没有出现词语误用，这词仍可能不是符合作者意图的恰如其分的词。一名记者在一篇有关圣诞节的社论中这样引出狄更斯的话： 任何有关圣诞节的想法和文字已经被禁锢(imprisoned )在这句话中……“Imprisonment”暗示着强迫，威逼，这么一来似乎意思是有悖其初衷的。用“包含(contained )”或“归结（summed up ）”就要好些。“概括（epitomized）”也行，尽管听起来有点僵硬。稍微再用点心我们就能准确地找到“mot juste (恰倒好处的词) ”，那就是“distilled”.它比包含和归结语气更强。“Distillation (提炼)”意味得到本质（essence）的东西。因此我们可以进一步把这个句子修改为： 所有有关圣诞节的想法和文字的精华都被提炼到这句话之中。 英语词汇丰富，运用灵活。一个意思有很多种表达方式。但是无论意思上如何相近的词总是存在着些许区别。作为学生就要敏感地意识到这些区别。通过查字典，尤其是通过阅读，
NUIT1 大学已经不再特别了 有这么一种说法：“要是你能记得20世纪60年代的任何事情，你就没有真正经历过那段岁月。”对于在大麻烟雾中度过大学时光的那些人，这话可能是真的。但是，20世纪60年代有一件事人人都记得，那就是：上大学是你一生中最激动人心、最刺激的经历。 20世纪60年代，加州的高校把本州变成了世界第七大经济实体。然而，加州大学的主校园伯克利分校也以学生示威、罢课以及激进的政治氛围而著名。1966年，罗纳德?里根竞选加州州长，他问加州是否允许“一所伟大的大学被喧闹的、唱反调的少数人征服。”自由派人士回答说，大学之所以伟大正是因为它们有能力容忍喧闹的、唱反调的少数人。 在欧洲的大学校园里，大学生以新的姿态和激情投入到争取自由和正义的事业中去，大规模的社会主义或共产主义运动引发了他们与当权者之间日益升级的暴力冲突。许多抗议是针对越南战争的。可是在法国，巴黎大学的学生与工会联盟，发动了一场大罢工，最终导致戴高乐总统辞职。 20世纪60年代大学生活的特点并不仅仅是激进的行动。不论在什么地方，上大学都意味着你初次品尝真正自由的滋味，初次品尝深更半夜在宿舍或学生活动室里讨论人生意义的滋味。你往往得上了大学才能阅读你的第一本禁书，看你的第一部独立影人电影，或者找到和你一样痴迷吉米?亨德里克斯或兰尼?布鲁斯的志同道合者。那是一段难以想象的自由时光，你一生中最无拘无束的时光。 可如今那份激情哪儿去了？大学怎么了？现在，政治、社会和创造意识的觉醒似乎不是凭借大学的助力，而是冲破其阻力才发生的。当然，一点不假，高等教育仍然重要。例如，在英国，布莱尔首相几乎实现了到2010年让50％的30岁以下的人上大学的目标（即使愤世嫉俗的人会说，这是要把他们排除在失业统计数据之外）。不过，大学教育已不再是全民重视的话题了。如今，大学被视为人们急于逃离的一种小城镇。有些人辍学，但大多数已经有些麻木，还是坚持混到毕业，因为离开学校实在是太费事了。 没有了20世纪60年代大学生所发现的令人头脑发热的自由气氛，如今的大学生要严肃得多。英国文化协会最近做了一项调查，研究外国留学生在决定上哪所大学时所考虑的因素。这些因素从高到低依次是：课程质量、就业前景、学费负担、人身安全问题、生活方式，以及各种便利。大学已变成实现目的的手段，是在就业市场上增加就业几率的一个机会，上大学本身不再是目的，不再是给你提供一个机会，让你暂时想象一下：你能够改变世界。 童年与大学之间的距离已缩小了，大学与现实世界之间的距离也缩小了。其中的一个原因可能和经济有关。在一个没有保障的世界里，现在的许多孩子依赖父母资助的时间比以前的孩子更长。21世纪的学生大学毕业后根本无法自立门户，因为那太昂贵了。另一个可能的原因是通讯革命。儿子或女儿每学期往家里打一两回电话的日子一去不复返了。如今，大学生通过手机与父母保持着脐带式联系。至于寻找痴迷无名文学或音乐的同道好友，没问题，我们有互联网和聊天室来帮助我们做到这一点。
Presenting a speech （做演讲） Of all human creations, language may be the most remarkable. Through 在人类所有的创造中，语言也许是影响最为深远的。我们用语言 language we share experience, formulate values, exchange ideas, transmit 来分享经验，表达(传递？)价值观，交换想法，传播知识， knowledge, and sustain culture. Indeed, language is vital to think itself. 传承文化。事实上，对语言本身的思考也是至关重要的。[Contrary to popular belief], language | does not simply mirror reality but also helps to create our sense of reality [by giving meaning to events]. 和通常所认为的不同的是，语言并不只是简单地反映现实，语言在 具体描述事件的时候也在帮助我们建立对现实的感知。 ——语序的调整。 Good speakers have respect for language and know how it works. Words are the tools of a speaker’s craft. They have special uses, just like the tools of any other profession. As a speaker, you should be aware of the meaning of words and know how to use language accurately, clearly,vividly,and appropriately. 好的演讲者对语言很重视，也知道如何让它发挥更好的效果。词语是演讲者演讲的重要“武器”，具有特殊的用途，这和任何其他的工作技艺没什么两样。作为演讲者，必须知道词语的具体含义，也要懂得如何做到用词准确、清晰、生动、适当。 Using language accurately is as vital to a speaker as using numbers accurately to a accountant. Never use a word unless you are sure of its meaning. If you are not sure, look up the word in the dictionary. As you prepare your speeches, ask yourself constantly, “What do I really want to say? What do I really mean?”Choose words that are precise and accurate. 演讲者准确地使用语言和会计准确使用数字是一样重要的。确定词意后再措词。如果不确定，请先查词典。当你在准备演讲的时候，要不断地问自己：“我到底要说什么？我到底想表达什么意思？”用词一定要精准。 Using language clearly allows listeners to grasp your meaning immediately. You can ensure this [by using familiar words （that are known to the average person and require no specialized background）; by choosing concrete words in preference to more abstract ones, and by eliminating verbal clutter]. 用词清晰可以让听众迅速理解你的意思（抓到你的点）。要做到这一点，就要尽量使用一般人都熟悉的不需要专业知识就能懂的词语；多用具象词汇少用抽象词汇；还有要减少口误。 Using language vividly helps bring your speech to life. One way (to make your speech vivid)|is through imagery，or the creation of word pictures. You can develop imagery by using concrete language, simile, and metaphor. Simile is an explicit comparison between things （that are essentially different yet have something in common）; it always contains the words “like”or “as”. Metaphor is an implicit
大学英语课文翻译及习 题答案 标准化管理部编码-[99968T-6889628-J68568-1689N]
Unit 1 1. A very curious boy, Tom, is interested not only in whats but also in whys and hows. 汤姆是个非常好奇的男孩，他不仅对“是什么”感兴趣，而且也对“为什么”和“怎么会”感兴趣。 2. Happiness, according to Prof. Smith, is the ability to make the most of what you have. 据史密斯教授说，幸福就是你能充分利用你所有的一切。 3. You’d better keep the book where your 15-year-old son can’t get his hands on. 你最好把这本书放在你15岁的儿子找不到的地方。 4. The story was very funny and Bill kept laughing while reading it. 这故事非常滑稽，比尔一边读一边不停地笑。 5. High-achieving students do not necessarily put in more time at their studies than their lower-scoring classmates. 成绩优秀的学生未必比他们得分较低的同学在学习上花费更多的时间。 6. How did you manage to persuade these students to take the speed-reading course 你是怎样设法说服这些学生修读快速阅读课的 7. Working hard is important, but knowing how to make the most of one's abilities counts for much more. 用功是重要的，但知道如何充分利用自己的才能更重要得多。 8. She asked her students to think for themselves rather than telling them what to think. 她要求学生独立思考，而不是告诉他们该思考什么。 Unit 2 1. Referring to the differences between American English and British English, he said, “The United States and Britain are, after all, two different countries.” 在谈及美国英语和英国英语的差别时，他说：“美国和英国毕竟是两个不同的国家。” 2. Prof. Smith encourages his students to think for themselves. “I am just as happy,” he often says, “even if you challenge me or completely disagree with me.” 史密斯教授鼓励他的学生独立思考。他常说：“即使你们对我提出质疑或者完全不同意我的看法，我也同样高兴。” 3. We called on him to take part in our conversation about pop music, but as soon as he joined in, he introduced a new topic and referred to the NBA finals of the previous week. 我们请他参加我们关于流行音乐的谈话，但他一参加进来就引入一个新的话题，谈起了上周的NBA决赛。 4. The driver is responsible for this accident. His car knocked down a tree and a man on his bike. 司机应对这次事故负责。他的车撞倒了一棵树和一个骑车的人。
新编英语教程6课文 翻译 -CAL-FENGHAI.-(YICAI)-Company One1
第1单元避免两词铭记两词 在生活中，没有什么比顿悟更令人激动和兴奋的，它可以改变一个人——不仅仅是改变，而且变得更好。当然，这种顿悟是很罕见的，但仍然可以发生在我们所有人身上。它有时来自一本书，一个说教或一行诗歌，有时也来自一个朋友。 在曼哈顿一个寒冷的冬天的下午，我坐在一个法国小餐馆，倍感失落和压抑。因为几次误算，在我生命中一个至关重要的项目就这样落空了。就因为这样，甚至连期望看到一个老朋友（我常常私下亲切的想到的一个老人）的情形都不像以前那样令我兴奋。我坐在桌边，皱起眉头看着色彩多样的桌布，清醒的嚼着苦涩的食物。 他穿过街道，裹着旧棉袄，一顶帽子从光头打下来，看上去不像是一个有名的精神病医生，倒像是一个精力充沛的侏儒。他的办公室在附近到处都有，我知道他刚刚离开他最后一个病人。他接近80岁，但仍然扛着一个装着满满文件的公文包，工作起来仍然像一个大公司的主管，无论何时有空，他都仍然爱去高尔夫球场。 当他走过来坐我旁边时，服务员早已把他总是要喝的啤酒端了过来，我已经几个月没有见他了，但他似乎还是老样子。没有任何寒暄，他就问我“怎么了，年轻人？” 我已经不再对他的样子感到奇怪，所以我详细地把烦恼告诉他。带着一丝忧伤的自豪。我尽量说出实情，除了我自己，我并没有因为失望而责备任何人。我分析了整件事情，但所有负面评价以及错误仍然继续。我讲了约有十五分钟，这期间老人只是默默的喝着啤酒。我讲完后，他取下眼镜说：“到我的办公室去。”“到你的办公室你忘了带什么了吗”他和蔼的说“不是，我想看看你对某些事情的反应，仅此而已。” 外面开始下起小雨，但他的办公室很温暖，舒服，亲切：放满书的书架靠着墙壁，长皮沙发，弗洛伊德的亲笔签名照，还有墙边放着的录音笔。他的秘书回家了，只有我们在那里。老人从纸盒里拿出一盘磁带放进录音笔，然后说：“这里有到我这来求助的三个人的简单录音，当然，这没有说明具体是哪三个人。我想让你听听，看你是否能找出双字词的短语，这里是在三个案例中共有的。”他笑道：“不要这么困扰，我有我的目的。” 对我来说，录音中三个主人共有的东西不是什么快乐的东西。首先讲话的是一个男人，他在生意中经历了一些损失或失败，他指责自己没有辛勤工作，也没有远见。接下来说话的是一个女人，她还没有结婚，因为对她寡妇母亲的强烈的责任意思，她伤心的回忆了所有擦肩而过的婚姻机遇。第三个说话的是一位母亲，她十多岁的儿子在警察局有麻烦，她总是不停地责备自己。 老人关掉收音机，侧身坐到椅子上：“在这些录音中，有一个短语像病毒一样的出现了六次。你注意到了吗没有噢，这可能是因为几分钟前你在餐馆说过了三次。”他拿起磁带盒扔给我。“正好在标签上有那两个伤心的词语。”我向下一看，那里有两个清晰的红色的印字：如果。 “你受惊了吗？”老人说：“你能想象我坐在这把椅子上以这两个词开头的话有多少次了吗？他们总是对我说：如果换一种方法做——或根本不去做。（如果我没发脾气、没有做那虚伪的事、没有说那愚蠢的谎言。如果我聪明点，或更无私点，或更自控点。）直到我打断说话他们才会停止。有时我让他们听你刚说过的录音。我对他们说（如果你停止说如果，我们就已取得进展了。）” 老人伸出双脚，说：“问题是，‘如果’并没有改变任何东西。它使那人面对错误——后退而非前进，那样只是在浪费时间。最后，要是你让它成为一个习惯，它就会变成真的障碍，变成你不再去做尝试的借口了。” “现在回到你的情况：你的计划没成功，为什么？因为你犯了某种错误。唔，这个没关系，毕竟错误谁都会犯，我们也从中学到东西。但是，当你告诉我那些东西时却悔恨这个， 后悔那个的时候，你还没有从错误中学到什么。” “你怎么知道呢？”我用一种辩驳的语气问道。 “因为你还没有从过去中走出来。你根本没提及到未来。在某种程度上——老实说，——现在你仍沉溺于过去。我们
Unit 1 Changes in the Way We Live 在美国，不少人对乡村生活怀有浪漫的情感。许多居住在城镇的人梦想着自己办个农场，梦想着靠土地为生。很少有人真去把梦想变为现实。或许这也没有什么不好，因为，正如吉姆·多尔蒂当初开始其写作和农场经营双重生涯时所体验到的那样，农耕生活远非轻松自在。但他写道，自己并不后悔，对自己作出的改变生活方式的决定仍热情不减。 Mr. Doherty Builds His Dream Life Jim Doherty 有两件事是我一直想做的――写作与务农。如今我同时做着这两件事。作为作家，我和E·B·怀特不属同一等级，作为农场主，我和乡邻也不是同一类人，不过我应付得还行。在城市以及郊区历经多年的怅惘失望之后，我和妻子桑迪终于在这里的乡村寻觅到心灵的满足。 这是一种自力更生的生活。我们食用的果蔬几乎都是自己种的。自家饲养的鸡提供鸡蛋，每星期还能剩余几十个出售。自家养殖的蜜蜂提供蜂蜜，我们还自己动手砍柴，足可供过冬取暖之用。 这也是一种令人满足的生活。夏日里我们在河上荡舟，在林子里野餐，骑着自行车长时间漫游。冬日里我们滑雪溜冰。我们为落日的余辉而激动。我们爱闻大地回暖的气息，爱听牛群哞叫。我们守着看鹰儿飞过上空，看玉米田间鹿群嬉跃。 但如此美妙的生活有时会变得相当艰苦。就在三个月前，气温降
到华氏零下30度，我们辛苦劳作了整整两天，用一个雪橇沿着河边拖运木柴。再过三个月，气温会升到95度，我们就要给玉米松土，在草莓地除草，还要宰杀家禽。前一阵子我和桑迪不得不翻修后屋顶。过些时候，四个孩子中的两个小的，16岁的吉米和13岁的埃米莉，会帮着我一起把拖了很久没修的室外厕所修葺一下，那是专为室外干活修建的。这个月晚些时候，我们要给果树喷洒药水，要油漆谷仓，要给菜园播种，要赶在新的小鸡运到之前清扫鸡舍。 在这些活计之间，我每周要抽空花五、六十个小时，不是打字撰文，就是为作为自由撰稿人投给报刊的文章进行采访。桑迪则有她自己繁忙的工作日程。除了日常的家务，她还照管菜园和蜂房，烘烤面包，将食品装罐、冷藏，开车送孩子学音乐，和他们一起练习，自己还要上风琴课，为我做些研究工作并打字，自己有时也写写文章，还要侍弄花圃，堆摞木柴、运送鸡蛋。正如老话说的那样，在这种情形之下，坏人不得闲――贤德之人也歇不了。 我们谁也不会忘记第一年的冬天。从12月一直到3月底，我们都被深达5英尺的积雪困着。暴风雪肆虐，一场接着一场，积雪厚厚地覆盖着屋子和谷仓，而室内，我们用自己砍伐的木柴烧火取暖，吃着自家种植的苹果，温馨快乐每一分钟。 开春后，有过两次泛滥。一次是河水外溢，我们不少田地被淹了几个星期。接着一次是生长季节到了，一波又一波的农产品潮涌而来，弄得我们应接不暇。我们的冰箱里塞满了樱桃、蓝莓、草莓、芦笋、豌豆、青豆和玉米。接着我们存放食品罐的架子上、柜橱里也开始堆