非谓语动词之动词不定式被动语态形
一、复习各种时态的被动语态
★被动语态的基本结构: be+ done
（以the book , publish 为例）
一般现在/过去时：
The book is/ was published.
一般/过去将来时:
The book will/would be published.
The book is/was going to be published.
现在/过去进行时：
The book is/was being published.
现在/过去完成时:
The book has/had been published.
情态动词：
The book can/could/may/might…be published.
1）一般式：（not/never ）to be done
2）完成式：（not/ never）to have been done （表示不定式动作发生在谓语动词之前）
三、▲通常在believe, suppose, say, report等动词构成的句子中可以进行主动语态到被动语态以及被动语态和动词不定式的转换.如:
They say that Mike is sick in bed.
=It is said that Mike is sick in bed.
=Mike is said to be sick in bed.
据说麦克卧床不起.
People believe that he was killed.
=It is believed that he was killed.
=He is believed to have been killed.
大家相信他被杀了.
四、当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者而非发出者时，不定式一般要采用被动形式(to be done).
语法功能：
1．作主语：
It is an honour for me to be asked to speak here.
2．作宾语：
She asked to be sent to work in Xinjiang.
3．构成复合宾语：
He wanted the letter to be typed at once.
She didn’t like herself to be praised like that.
4．构成复合谓语：
The books are not allowed to be taken out of the room.
5．作定语：
Are you going to the meeting to be held in the teachers’ office?
6．作状语：
She was too young to be assigned such work.
五、不定式有时还可以有完成式的被动式to have been done（表示该动作是发生在主句之前的一个被动动作），在句中作主语、宾语、定语，或者构成复合宾语、复合谓语等，如：
It is a good thing for him to have been criticized.（主语）
She preferred to have been given heavier work to do. (宾语)）
He thought it an honour to have been invited to the party. （复合宾语）
The book is said to have been translated into many languages. （复合谓语）
She was the first woman to have been elected to such a post. （定语）
六、不定式的主动形式表示被动
1．There be 结构中，用不定式的主动和被动式来修饰主语，区别不大。(多用主动形式)
例如：There is a lot of work to do / to be done.
There is no time to lose /to be lost.
译：没有什么可担心的。
________________________________
There is nothing to worry about.
注意以下两点：
(1)如果不定式结构加了"for sb."表示的逻辑主语时
There are still many questions for us to discuss. (us与discuss 主谓关系，用主动to discuss)
There are a lot of reasons for the book to be published.
(the book与publish是动宾关系，用被动to be published)
(2)某些动词(do, see)的不定式特殊用法时，两种形式所表示的意思不同。比较：
There is nothing to do now. (We have nothing to do now.)
There is nothing to be done now. (We can do nothing now.)
There is nothing to see. (Nothing is worth seeing.)
There is nothing to be seen. (Nothing is there at all.)
2．在“主语+ be+ adj+ to do”句型中：常见的adj有hard，amusing，interesting， cheap，difficult，dangerous，easy，nice，important，pleasant.etc.
That question is difficult to answer.
He is an impossible person to work with．
但若要强调句中的受事者，也可用不定式的被动式：
The handwriting is difficult to be read.
★注意：
如果动词为不及物动词，则要注意介词的搭配。
John is difficult to deal with.
分析：_________(动)----________(宾)）
译：这扶手椅坐起来很舒服。
___________________________________
这题目很难算出来。
______________________________________
The armchair is comfortable to sit in
The question is difficult to work out
3. 当上述第2题中形容词在句中作宾语补足语，后接不定式：
I found him easy to get along with.
They don’t think the game interesting to play.
I find the lecture difficult to understand.
4.在“too—to do; enough…to…”结构中。如：
The problem is too difficult to work out (to be worked out)．
The house is big enough to live in.（不及物动词要补出相应的介词）
但若要强调句中的受事者，也可用被动式：
This box is too heavy to be lifted.
5．在“with+n+to do”结构中。（和逻辑主语是主动关系）
例如：With nothing to do，he lay in bed．
With so many exercises to do，I can‘t go to the cinema．
6．当不定式的逻辑主语在句中出现时。
例如：I have a meeting to attend.。(to attend与I有主谓关系，即I 是逻辑主语)
Give him some books to read. (to read与him有主谓关系，即him 是逻辑主语)
如果不属于上述情况，则表示被动意义时仍需要用被动形式。试比较下面两句：
1. Have you anything to do this afternoon?
2. Have you anything to be taken to the city (by me or someone else) ?
（to take 与you没有主谓关系, 即you不是逻辑主语）
练习：填写括号中动词的适当形式
1. I have a meeting ______ (attend) today.
2. He gave me some books _______(read).
3. I’m going to Beijing next week. Do you have anything __________(take) to your parents?
7．一些作表语用的不定式的主动形式。
常见的这类动词有let(出租)，rent，hire，blame等。
例如：The house is to rent. Nobody was to blame for the accident.
但是，具有对比意义时，仍用被动形式。例如：
The room is to be rented, not to be sold.。She is to be praised, not to be blamed.
Exercise
1. Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains____ whether they will enjoy it.
A. to see
B. to be seen
C. seeing
D. seen
2. I hurried to the meeting hall, only____ that the meeting had been put off.
A. to tell
B. to be told
C. telling
D. told
3. Do let your mother know all the truth, she appears____ everything.
A. to tell
B. to be told
C. to be telling
D. to have been told
4. Little Tom should love____ to the theater this evening.
A. to be taken
B. to take
C. being taken
D. taking
5. With a lot of problems____, the newly-elected president is having a hard time.
A. settled
B. settling
C. to settle
D. being settled
6. He___ and was made to repeat it.
A. didn’t understand
B. didn’t be understood
C. wasn’t understand
D. wasn’t understood
7. The pupils here____ all kinds of exercises every day in the past four weeks.
A. kept busy doing
B. keep on doing
C. have kept busy doing
D. have been kept busy doing
语法检测
一．根据括号内的动词填入正确形式。
1. It will take several weeks for your computer to ____________ (repair).
2. I knew him ___________________ (catch) by the police.
3. A vote is required ______________(take) in our company at once.
4. When some money went missing from the bank, Thomas was believed______________ (steal) it.
7. I hope _______________(admit) to Zhongshan University.
8.The book is said to ____________________(translate) into several languages.
9.I feel greatly honored _________________(welcome) into their society .
https://www.doczj.com/doc/471413989.html,e on! It is an easy sentence ______________ (translate).
11.When I came in, he pretended to _____________.(read)
13.Mrs Smith warned her daughter ______________(not drive) after drinking.
14.I don’t know whether you happen ______________(hear), but I’m going to study in the U.S.A this September.
15.He seems ____________________（punish) by his teacher yesterday.
16.The school ordered all the classroom_________________( clean ).
17.My grandmother seems to have a lot ____________ (worry) about.
18.I am going to the post office.
Do you have any letter ______________(post)?
19.You are lucky enough ____________________(not catch) in the rain.
20. I’ll go to New York. Have you anything ____________(take) to your wife there?
21. Have you any clothes ____________(wash), sir?”asked the maid.
22. I cannot go out now as I have a lot of clothes___________(wash)
二、翻译练习
1.据说这会议已经被取消了.
______________________________________________________________
2.这个学生似乎已经对政治失去了兴趣。
______________________________________________________________
3.残疾人不喜欢被别人嘲笑。
______________________________________________________________
4.没有可以可以浪费的时间了。
______________________________________________________________
5.能被邀请进这个英语俱乐部，是一大荣幸.
______________________________________________________________
6.她假装没有听懂我说的话.
______________________________________________________________
7.我希望被中山大学录取。
______________________________________________________________
8.抱歉，我忘记了你的电话号码了。
______________________________________________________________
8. Visitors____ not to touch the exhibits.
A. will request
B. request
C. are requesting
D. are requested
10. In some parts of the world, tea ____ with milk and sugar.
A. is serving
B. is served
C. serves
D. served
11.【2010卷】There were many talented actors out there just waiting ______.
A. to discover
B. to be discovered
C. discovered
D. being discovered
12.【2007卷】When asked why he went there, he sais he was sent there ___ for a spaceflight
A. training
B. being trained
C. to have trained
D. to be trained
13.【2006卷】It took a long time for the connection between the body temperature and illness__
A. to make
B. to be made
C. making
D. being made
Book7 unit2动词不定式被动语态形 一、复习各种时态的被动语态 ★被动语态的基本结构: be+ done （以the book , publish 为例） 一般现在/过去时： The book is/ was published. 一般/过去将来时: The book will/would be published. The book is/was going to be published. 现在/过去进行时： The book is/was being published. 现在/过去完成时: The book has/had been published. 情态动词： The book can/could/may/might…be published. 1）一般式：（not/never ）to be done 2）完成式：（not/ never）to have been done （表示不定式动作发生在谓语动词之前） 三、▲通常在believe, suppose, say, report等动词构成的句子中可以进行主动语态到被动语态以及被动语态和动词不定式的转换.如: They say that Mike is sick in bed. =It is said that Mike is sick in bed. =Mike is said to be sick in bed. 据说麦克卧床不起. People believe that he was killed. =It is believed that he was killed. =He is believed to have been killed. 大家相信他被杀了. 四、当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者而非发出者时，不定式一般要采用被动形式(to be done). 语法功能： 1．作主语： It is an honour for me to be asked to speak here. 2．作宾语： She asked to be sent to work in Xinjiang. 3．构成复合宾语： He wanted the letter to be typed at once. She didn’t like herself to be praised like that.
非谓语动词用法归纳 一、表格的用法 1. doing 的用法 （1）在要求动词后（作宾语）：avoid 避免appreciate 感激/欣赏acknowledge 承认/自 认admit 承认advocate 提倡/ 主张consider 考虑can't help 不禁can't stand 受不了contemplate 细想complete 完成confess 坦白dislike 不喜欢，讨厌deserve 值得delay 延迟deny 否认dread 可怕defer 拖延detest 嫌恶enjoy 享有/喜爱envy 嫉妒endure 忍受excuse 借口escape 逃跑/ 逃避finish 完成forgive 原谅fancy 幻想/ 爱好favor 造成/ 偏爱figure 描绘/ 计算hate 讨厌imagine 设想involve 卷入/ 包含keep 保持miss 错过mention 说到/ 讲到mind 介意pardon 原谅/ 饶恕permit 允许postpone 推迟practice 实行/实践prevent 阻止quit 放弃停止risk 冒险recall 回想resist 抵抗/ 阻止resume 恢复repent 悔悟resent 怨恨stand 坚持/ 忍受suggest 建议save 营救/ 储蓄tolerate 忍受
worth 值得 You should try to avoid making mistakes. The book is worth reading. The book deserves reading. （2）表进行 Walking on the grassland, I saw a snake.=When I was walking on the grassland, I saw a snake. The man speaking English is Tom. = The man who is speaking English is Tom. （3）表主动 The man speaking English is Tom = The man who speaks English is Tom. = The man who spoke English is Tom. Nobody dinks boiling water but boiled water.= Nobody dinks water that is boiling but the water that has boiled. （4）表伴随 I stand outside waiting for Mr. Chen. I lie in bed reading a novel. （5）表性质；特点 The film is very moving. She is understanding, so you had better discuss your business with her. 6）概括性, 一般性 Climbing mountain is very interesting.
非谓语动词之动词不定式（to do）的用法 非谓语动词是指在句子中不是谓语的动词，主要形式有：不定式、动名词和分词（现在分词和过去分词）。 1.“to do”动词不定式的变形 2.动词不定式的用法 （1）充当主语（一般会用it 当形式主语） To swim here is dangerous. = It is dangerous to swim here. To pass this English exam is unlikely. = （2）充当表语（多数情况下，可以转换成动词不定式做主语） My job is to help with your English learning. To help with your English learning is my job. （3）充当宾语（只能做某些动词的宾语，一般不做介词的宾语；有时用“it”做形式宾语） I decided to attend this meeting last night. I find it necessary to learn a foreign language. 注意：当以下动词欲接动词作宾语时，只能跟不定式作宾语。 decide, determine, learn, wish, hope agree, plan, pretend, dare, refuse, fail prepare, try, manage, help, promise offer, beg, demand, afford, arrange, be supposed
（4）充当宾语补足语 I persuaded him to make a speech in public. 注意：在感官动词／使役动词／help后（see, hear, watch, notice, make, have, let后不定式做宾补时，可省略“to”） I saw them have a disagreement on who should sweep the floor. （我看到了 他们争论的整个过程） 但，感官动词后面也可接Ving形式，表示正在进行。 I saw them arguing about who should sweep the floor. （我看到他们正在 争论谁该扫地，并不一定看到了整个过程） （5）充当状语（目的，原因，结果状语，其逻辑主语与句子主语一致） I wrote him a letter to further explain this matter. （目的状语） I’m sorry to bother you.（原因状语） He queued for hours at the box office only to find that the show was sold out. （结果状语，only + to find/realize/discover表示出乎意料的结果）（6）充当定语（不定式作定语，要放在所修饰的词的后面） I have a lot of dishes to wash. Do you have anything to say? There are 3 questions to answer. （7）一些固定句型中不定式省略“to” had better would rather do… than do… why not do “except/but” 有“do” 无“to”，有”to”无“do” have nothing to do but do… do everything but/except have no choice but to want nothing but/except to （8）当两个或多个作用相同的不定式并列（and/or/than）时，通常只保留第一个不定式的“to”. He told me to stay there and wait for him. It’s easier to persuade people than force them. To try and fail is better than not to try at all. （否定式中“to”不能省略）
非谓语动词之动词不定式被动语态形 一、复习各种时态的被动语态 ★ 被动语态的基本结构：be+ done （以the book , publish 为例） 一般现在/过去时： The book is/ was p ublished 一般/过去将来时： The book will/would be p ublished The book is/was going to be p ublished 现在/过去进行时： The book is/was being p ublished 现在/过去完成时： The book has/had bee n p ublished 情态动词： The book can/could/may/might …be p ublished 二、不定式的被动式的基础知识： 1）一般式：（not/never ）to be done 2）完成式：（not/ never ）to have been done （表示不定式动作发生在谓语动词之前） 三、▲通常在believe, suppose, say, report等动词构成的句子中可以进行主动语态到被动语态以及被动语态和动词不定式的转换.如： They say that Mike is sick in bed. =lt is said that Mike is sick in bed. =Mike is said to be sick in bed. 据说麦克卧床不起. People believe that he was killed. =It is believed that he was killed. =He is believed to have been killed. 大家相信他被杀了. 四、当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者而非发出者时，不定式一般要采用被动形式(to be done). 语法功能： 1.作主语： It is an honour for me to be asked to speak here. 2.作宾语： She asked to be sent to work in Xinjiang.
1.These model cars _____in China in 2013. A.are made B.were made C.make D.made 2. Over $30000_______for a children’s hospital by a British girl several moths ago. A.is raised B.was raised C.will be raised D.has been raised 3.Martin was so busy _____the old that he gave up his part –time job. A.helping B.helped C.to help D.help 4.The novel ____by many people today. A.is read B.are read C.reads D.were read 5.My parents didn’t allow me ____to the party. A.go B.to go C.goes D.went 6.I will try my best to stop my son from ______the same mistake. A.make B.made C.makes D.making 7.-How clean your car is! -Thank you.It ____very often. A. is washed B.washes C.was washed D.washed 8.Pukou Railway Station ______in 1911 and it has become a filming location for films and TV plays in recent years. A.build B.is built C.built D.was built 9/-What’s wrong with Simon? He isn’t at school today. -His legs hurt. He was____by a motorcycle this morning. A.treated B.hit C.operated D.cured 10.Sarah,you’d better drink more water after____for such a long time. A.run B.runs C.to run D.running 11.Many houses ____by the earthquake and thousands of people were left homeless. A.damaged B.were damaged C.were damaging D.are damaged 12.My time in the middle school was one of____periods of my life. A.exciting B.more exciting C.the more exciting D.the most exciting 13.Chengdu is a greener city now because more and more trees ____every spring. A.were planted B.are planted C.will be planted 14.It’s necessary for us ____to our parents when we have problems. A.to talk B.talking C.talk 15.-Don’t smoke here,Dad.Smoking_____in public places. -Oh,sorry. I’ll stop right now. A.isn’t allowed B.aren’t allowed C.doesn’t allow 16.So far,the AIIB(亚投行)_____57 countries to be the founding members. A.attracted B.has attracted C.will attract 17.When you_____a difficult task,try to continue with it and finish it. A.give B.are giving C.gave D.are given 18.Doing eye excercises ___one of the useful ways to protect our eyes. A.is B.are C.were 19.I wonder when Subway Ⅱin Harbin____.When the day comes,I’ll spend less time going to school every day. A.is finish B.will be finished C.was finished
动词不定式专题练习 1. He seems ___ the old lady. A. knowing B. to be knowing C. to know D. to be known 2. Tom ___ when they spoke ill of him. A. happened to be passed B. happened to be passing by C. happened passing by D. happened to passed 3. We all hope ____ scientists. A. become B. to become C. becoming D. became 4. The boy refused ____ for climbing the tall tree. A. to pay B. to be paid C. being paid D. paying 5. I happened ____ the article when he asked me about it. A. having read B. to have read C. to be read D. reading 6. ______ with him is a great pleasure. A. To talk B. Talk C. Talked D. To talking 7. It is nice _____ your voice. A. to hear B. hear C. heard D. to be hearing 8. _____ is to struggle. A. Living B. Live C. To live D. To be lived 9. Her wish is ____ a doctor. A. becoming B. become C. to become D. being come 10. I was just about ____ the office when the phone rang. A. leaving B. leave C. to leave D. to leaving 11. I didn’t ____ it until you had explained how. A. manage to do B. managed to do C. manage to have done D. manage doing 12. He found it important ___ the situation all over the world. A. study B. to study C. studies D. to be studied 13. At last the enemy soldiers had no choice but ___ their guns. A. to lay down B. lie down C. laying down D. lay down 14. Yesterday I did nothing but ___ TV. A. watch B. watched C. to watch D. watching 15. It had no effect except ___ him angry. A. make B. making C. to make D. made 16. Bob did nothing except ____ tennis. A. play B. to play C. playing D. played 17. I’m considering ___ his letter. A. to answer B. how answering C. to be answering D. how to answer 18. Tell us _____ next. A. how to do B. what to do C. how do D. what do 19. We want to know ___ to help him when he is in trouble. A. what will do B. what we should do C. how to do D. what will we do 20. Don’t stop trying. You’ll be sure ___ . A. succeed B . succeeding C. of succeeding D. to succeed 21. The government calls on us ____ our production. A. increased B. increasing C. increase D. to increase 22. With his teacher ____ he wanted to try it a second time. A. helping B. to help C. help D. helped 23. The lady was watched ____ her room in silence. A. had left B. left C. leave D. to leave 24. I’m hungry . Get me something ____. A. eating B. to eat C. to be eaten D. eaten 25. His wish ,____ a doctor ,came true. A. coming B. come C. to come D. came 26. He loves praise. He is always the first ____ and the last _____. A. of coming ; of leaving B. comes; leaves C. to come; to leave D. coming; leaving 27. At last they found a house _____ . A. to leave his things with B. to leave his things in C. leaving his things in 28. There is nothing ______ . A. to worry B. to worry about C. worry D. worry
非谓语动词就是不能作句子谓语而具有其他语法功能的动词。 主语/表语： 不定式和ing分词均能作主语，二者有何区别？ 1.表示某一具体的动作时，多用不定式；表示比较抽象的一般行为倾向的，多用动名词。 2.动名词作主语时通常位于句首；不定式作主语时常置于句末，用it作形式主语放在句首。 1) Smoking is prohibited(禁止)here. 2) It is not very good for you to smoke so much. Seeing is believing. To see is to believe. 若主语和表语都是非谓语动词, 应保持形式上的一致。
宾语： 1. 有些动词后只跟不定式作宾语，如： …… manage, promise, pretend, plan, offer, agree, ask, dare, choose, fail, help(帮助)，want(想要) , refuse等。 决心学会想希望，拒绝设法愿假装。 主动答应选计划，同意请求帮一帮。 2. 有些动词后只跟动名词作宾语，如： ……practise, appreciate, dislike, excuse, forgive, keep, resist, risk, deny, advise, fancy, complete, forbid, permit, allow, stand, refer to, give up, lead to, take to, set about, get down to, object to, succeed in, have difficulty in... 考虑建议盼原谅，承认推迟没得想。 避免错过继续练，否认完成就欣赏。 禁止想象才冒险，不禁介意准逃亡。 3.有些动词如begin, start; love, like, hate, prefer后既可以跟不定式又可以跟ing分词作宾语，意义上无多大区别(但ing分词一般表示经常性的行为；不定式表示具体的行为)。 4.有些动词后既可以跟不定式，又可以跟动名词作宾语，但意义上有明显差别。go on (stop/remember/regret)to do/doing can’t help to do / doing try to do/ doing mean to do（打算）/ doing（意味）be used to do / doing ( get used to doing)(used to do) 5.动词need, require, want作“需要”，deserve作“应受，应得”，主动表被动 定语： 不定式、ing 分词和过去分词都可以作定语，主要区别在于它们的时态意义和语态意义。 分词作定语与动词不定式作定语的区别是：现在分词表示主动、进行之意；过去分词表示被动与完成；而不定式表示在谓语动词表示的动作之后即将发生的动作。 不定式用来修饰序数词、最高级或no, all, any等限定词的中心词，表主动关系。 E.g.: The car to be bought is for his sister. / He was the best man to do the job. The houses being built are for the teachers. Developing countries/ developed countries 补语： 1.能接带to的不定式作宾语补足语和主语补足语的动词有：ask, advise, tell, force, get, allow, want, wish, like, hate, prefer, intend,expect, encourage, persuade, permit, request,order, warn, cause等。 Think, consider, believe, suppose, feel等后常用“to be....”作补语。 E.g.: You are not allowed to smoke here. People considered him to be a great leader. 2.使役动词，感官动词接不带to 的不定式作宾语补足语。常见的使役动词有make, let, have等；感官动词有see, hear, watch, observe, notice, feel以及look at, listen to等。 ◆“吾看三室两厅一感觉”---5看（look at, see, watch, notice, observe）3使（make,
课后任务 动词非谓语，被动语态 Ⅰ. 单项选择 ( )1.The weatherman says a rain shower this afternoon in the south. A. expects B. expected C. is expected ( )2.Mr. Green to sing an English song at the party and he sang well. A. was invited B. invited C. is invited ( )3.When the baby dog, it was very hungry. So we gave it some food. A. is found B. was found C. will be found ( )4. Thanks to the Internet, different kinds of information in a short time. A. can be learned B. has been learned C. can learn ( )5.The task in an hour. Then we can go home and have a good rest. A.was finished B. will be finished C. can't be finished ( )6. Would you please tell me after I finished doing my homework? A. how do B. what to do C. what do I do ( )7. The girl wasn’t to lift that bookcase. A.too strong B. enough strong C. strong enough ( )8. ----What about ________ a rest? We have kept working for three hours ----OK! Let's go for a walk. A.to have B．had C．having ( )9.Bruce practices ________ basketball every day so that he can achieve his dream of being a professional basketball player.. A.play B. to play C. playing ( )10.It took me two weeks ________ reading the novels written by Guo Jingming. A．finish B．to finish C．finishes
非谓语动词 顾名思义，非谓语动词就是不能作谓语的动词。包括：不定式、现在分词、过去分词和动名词。 不定式 1.不定式的构成 不定式是由不定式符号to+动词原形构成，在某些情况下to也可省略。不定式一般有时态和语态的变化，通常有下表中的几种形式（以do为例）： 主动式被动式 一般式to do to be done 完成式to have done to have been done 进行式to be doing / 完成进行式to have been doing / 1). 不定式的一般式 不定式的一般式所表示的动作通常与主要谓语的动作同时或几乎同时发生，或是在它之后发生。如： They invited us to go there this summer. 他们邀请我们今年夏天去那儿。 He stood aside for me to pass. 他站到一边让我通过。 2). 不定式的完成式 不定式的完成式所表示的动作在谓语所表示的动作之前发生，它在句中可作表语、状语、 宾语，有时也可作主语、定语等。如： She seemed to have heard about this matter. 她似乎已听说过这件事。 I am sorry to have kept you waiting so long. 我很抱歉让你等了这么久。 I meant to have told you about it, but I happened to have an important thing to do. 我本来想告诉你这件事的，但我碰巧有一件重要的事要做。 It has been an honor for me to have traveled so much in your country. 对我来说，在你们国家旅行这么多地方是一件很荣幸的事情。 3). 不定式的进行式 不定式的进行式表示正在进行的与谓语动词同时发生的动作。它在句中可以用作除谓语以外的所有成分。如： It’s nice of you to be helping us these days.你真好，这些天一直帮我们。 He pretended to be listening to the teacher carefully. 他假装在认真地听老师讲课。 We didn’t expect you to be waiting for us here. 我们没料到你一直在这儿等我 4). 不定式的完成进行式 如果不定式表示的动作是谓语所表示时间之前一直进行的动作，就需要用完成进行式。如：They are said to have been working in Tibet for 20 years. 据说他们已经在西藏工作20年了。We are happy to have been helping each other these days. 我们很高兴这些天能互相帮助。5). 动词不定式的否定形式是由not或never加不定式构成。如：
动词不定式有两种被动式, 即一般式和完成式, 例如do的被动式有to be done, to have been done。只有及物动词和相当于及物动词的短语才有不定式的被动式。一般说来, 当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式动作的承受者时, 该不定式要用被动式。例如: He asked to be sent to work in that factory. 他要求派他去那个工厂工作。 These books are not allowed to be taken out of the room. 这些书不许带出室外。 但在某些情况下, 不定式虽然表示被动意思, 用的却是主动形式。常见的有下列几种情况: 一、在某些固定句型中, 动词不定式作定语, 用主动形式表被动意义。 1）have（give, show）sth. to do 在这种句型中的不定式与前边的名词有动宾关系, 又和句中另一名词或代词构成主谓关系。例如: I have a lot of things to do this afternoon. to do与things是动宾关系, 与I是主谓关系。否则, 在表示被动意义时, 仍需要被动式。试比较: Have you anything to do this afternoon? 今天下午你有事要做吗? （to do是由you发出的） Have you anything to be taken to your parents? 你有要带给你父母的东西吗? （谁带不得而知）再如: Please get me something to read. 请给我弄点读的材料。 He'll show you the right path to take. 他会给你指出要走的正确的路。 2）It（This, That）＋be＋a／an＋adj. ＋n. ＋to do 在这种句型中, 不定式与前面的名词有动宾关系。动词不定式可改为动词不定式复合结构。例如: This is a difficult question to answer. 这是个难答的问题。 question与to answer为动宾关系。to answer可改为for me to answer。再如: It is an easy sentence to translate. 这个句子很容易翻译。 3）There ＋be ＋n. ＋to do 在此句型中, 用来修饰主语的不定式, 可用主动式, 也可用被动式, 只是侧重点不同。用主动式作定语, 重点在人, 用被动式作定语, 重点在物。例如: 没有时间可以耽误。可译成: There is no time to lose（to be lost）. 用to lose可看成for us to lose; 用to be lost, 谁lost time 不明确。 但下述两句用主动不定式与被动不定式意义不同: a. There is nothing to do now. （＝We have nothing to do now. ）现在没事干。 b. There is nothing to be done. （＝We can do nothing now. ）现在没办法了。 a. There is nothing to see. （nothing worth seeing）没有东西值得看。 b. There is nothing to be seen. （nothing there at all）看不见什么东西。 二、在某些“形容词＋不定式”的结构中, 不定式有被动意义, 与句子主语构成动宾关系。其句型有: 1）n. ＋be＋adj. ＋to do The question was very difficult to answer. 这问题很难回答。 The job is very easy to do. 这工作很容易做。 2）n. ＋be＋too＋adj. ＋to do
非谓语动词(the Non-Finite Verbs)---动词不定式知识总结 非谓语动词是指在句子中不充当谓语的动词，主要包括不定式、动名词和分词(现在分词和过去分词)，即动词的非谓语形式。非谓语动词除了不能独立作谓语外，可以承担句子的其他成分。动词不定式既具有动词的一些特征，又具有名词、形容词和副词的句法功能。 Ⅰ、不定式的构成及变形： 动词不定式是由不定式符号to+动词原形构成，在某些情况下to也可省略。 1. 不定式的一般式 不定式的一般式表示的动作通常与谓语的动作同时或几乎同时发生，或是在它之后发生。 He appears to be very happy.（同时发生） To catch the train, we'd better hurry to the station by taxi.（to catch the train发生在hurry to the station之后）2. 不定式的进行式 不定式的进行式表示正在进行的或与谓语动词同时发生的动作。 It happened to be raining when I got there. 3. 不定式的完成式 不定式的完成式表示的动作在谓语表示的动作之前发生。 I'm sorry to have lost your key. 4. 不定式的完成进行式 不定式的完成进行式表示的动作在谓语之前发生并且一直进行着。 He was said to have been living in London for twenty years. 不定式的时态意义： He is said to be studying abroad.（不定式的进行式表示动作正在进行） He is said to have studied abroad.（不定式的完成式表示动作已经结束） 5. 不定式的被动形式 当不定式逻辑上的主语是这个不定式表示的动作的承受者时，不定式一般要用被动形式。不定式的被动形式根据其与谓语动作发生的先后关系，有一般式和完成时两种。 一般式to be done
非谓语动词被动语态归纳与练习 非谓语动词被动语态归纳与练习 当不定式或动词的-ing形式与其逻辑主语之间构成被动关系时，要用其用被动式。其形式归纳如下： 不定式To be done To have been done 动词-ing形式Being done Having been done 对非谓语动词被动语态的考查在高考中也是较常见的。 例1：Little Jim should love ________ to the theatre this evening. （92全国） A. to be taken B. to take C. being taken D. taking 【分析】答案选A。句子主语Little Jim与take是被动关系，“被带去看戏”发生在“想(should love=want)”后，所以用不定式的被动式作宾语。 例2：After he became conscious, he remembered _______ and ________ on the head with a rod. 【06江西】 A. to attack; hit B. to be attacked; to be hit C. attacking; be hit D. having been attacked; hit 【分析】特殊情况：“remember”接动名词的一般式或完成式均表示“记得已经发生过的事”，句子的主语he与并列的attack，hit是被动关系，答案应选D。 例3：At the beginning of the class,the noise of desks_____could be heard outside the classrooms.（07全国II） A. opened and closed B. to be opened and closed B. being opened and closed D. to open and close 【分析】动词-ing形式的被动语态为“being done”。根据所提供的情景课判断出在上课的开始可以听到桌子被打开和关上的声音。Desks与open,close之间为被动关系，且充当介词of的宾语，因此使用动词-ing形式的被动语态。 例4：----Where is George? He said he would meet me at 3 o’clock. ----He seems ____ with Mr. Brown in the office.（2000全国） A. to talk B. to be talking C.to have talked D. talking 【分析】seem 后接动词不定式作宾语，此处根据情景：他似乎正在和布朗先生在办公室说话，应该用不定式的进行式，故选B。 说明： 一．动词不定式用主动形式表被动含义的情况：在作表语或宾补的形容词后用状语时；作定语修饰have, there be, this / that / these / those be等后面的名词或代词时；作表语的to blame，to let, to rent等。如： 1. The text is difficult to learn. 这篇课文很难学。(to learn主动表被动) 2. We found the text difficult to learn. 我们觉得这篇课文很难学。(to learn主动表被动) 3. He was to blame for that. 他因此受到了责备。(作表语的to blame主动表被动) 4. I’m going to the supermarket this afternoon. Do you have anything ________ ? A. to be buying B. to buy C. for buying D. bought 【分析】答案选B。表示“有…要…”，常用不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。 5. I like getting up very early in summer. The morning air is so good ____.【08全国卷I】 A. to be breathed B. to breathe C. breathing D. being breathed 【分析】在主系表结构中，当表语形容词为good, light,heavy, difficult等时，其后常用不定式作状语，表示时间，原因，结果等，且常用主动形式表示被动意义，因此选B。 二．need, want和require表示“需要”，主语通常是物时，后面除用不定式的被动式外，也可用-ing形式的主动形式表示被动。如： There is a new problem involved in the popularity of private cars _____road conditions need ______. (05上海卷) A. that; to be improved B. which; to be improved