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2015年北京科技大学翻译硕士英语翻译基础考研真题

2015年北京科技大学翻译硕士英语翻译基础考研真题
2015年北京科技大学翻译硕士英语翻译基础考研真题

2015年北京科技大学翻译硕士英语翻译基础考研真题

1英汉词语互译

埃博拉

金砖国家

亚太经合组织

IPCC

新常态

abenomics.......

2英译汉

外国说中国政治体制不好,但实际证明中国政治体制很好

3英译汉

奥巴马在上海的演讲,截取了一部分

4汉译英

教师节,文化

5汉译英

和为贵,和而不同,横看成岭侧成峰

※翻译技巧[6]

成语、典故的翻译

许多成语、典故蕴意很深,且含意与字面意相差甚远,译员如果处理不好,就有可能使听众"丈二和尚摸不着头脑",不仅达不到讲话人所要表达的效果,且有可能适得其反。

一般情况下,在不影响理解的前提下,对成语、典故的翻译只要能表达出其主要意思即可,但若是语境中需要听众完全了解其字面意与蕴含意,就得解释一番了。比如"塞翁失马"一般可以译成"Misfortune may prove a blessing in disguise."但在必要时,则可以简单讲一下这个典故:"This is an allusion to a story popular for more than2,000years in China. It's about an old man at the frontier who lost his horse…"

当然,还有一种比较理想的情况,就是译语中可以找到与原语相对应的表达法,这时,只要将其替代即可。如"班门弄斧"与"to teach one's grandmother to suck eggs","半斤八两"与"six of one and half a dozen of the other","画蛇添足"与"to paint the lily",等等。

※翻译技巧[7]

浅谈定语从句的译法

英汉两种语言的最基本的语序是SVO(subject+verb+object),但我们在翻译复杂句时,两种语言的语序所存在的差异则给翻译带来不少困难。定语在英汉两种语言中所处的位置就完全相反。中文修饰名词的成分常在名词前(左)边,称为Left Branching Direction (LBD),英文的修饰性从句则恰在后(右)边,称为Right Branching Direction(RBD)。这种差别使得译者在翻译时必须善于变通。定语从句翻译时的变通主要在于调整从句的类别,必须根据上下文、语境灵活处理。

英语中有些定语从句,兼有状语从句职能,在意义上与主句有状语关系,说明原因、结果、目的、让步、假设等关系。翻译时如果能从原文的字里行间发现这些逻辑关系,则可以把定语从句译成汉语中各种相应的偏正复句。以下举例探讨怎样翻译英语中兼有状语从句职能的定语从句。

1.译成表示“原因”的分句:

AIDS patients and others infected with HIV,the AIDS virus,face discrimination of various sorts the world over,and the high cost and long-term nature of treatment aggravate quandaries that occur to a lesser degree in other serious diseases.

如果硬要还定语为定语,就会译成:

艾滋病人和其他受艾滋病毒侵染的人面对世界上各种各样的歧视,而且治疗费用高昂与需要长期治疗这种特点加重了在其他严重疾病中发生的程度较轻的窘境。

但是如果根据句意,将其转换成原因状语,我们就可以读到更为顺畅的中文:

艾滋病人和其他受艾滋病毒侵染的人面对世界上各种各样的歧视;此外,由于治疗费用高昂,再加上需要长期进行,与其他重病病人相比,他们所要面对的境况要严峻得多。

类似的连接词还有:“因为”、“为了”等。

2.译成表示“结果”的分句:

There was something original,independent,and heroic about the plan that pleased all of them.

这个方案富于创造性,独出心裁,很有魄力,所以他们都很喜欢。

这一类连接词还有:“结果”、“因此”、“使”等。

3.译成表示“转折”或“让步”的分句:

My assistant,who had carefully read through the instructions before doing his experiment,could not obtain satisfactory results,because he followed them mechanically.

虽然我的助手在做试验之前已从头到尾仔细阅读过说明书,但由于生搬硬套,所以不能得到满意的结果。

He insisted on building another house,which he had no use for.

他坚持要再造一幢房子,尽管他并无此需要。

4.译成表示目的的分句:

But the Southern States wanted to set up a country of their own,where they would be free to keep black slaves.

但是南方各州却想建立他们自己的国家,以便在那里他们可以随心所欲地继续把黑人当作奴隶。

5.译成表示“条件”、“假设”的分句

He would be a short-sighted commander who merely manned his fortress and did not look beyond.

谁如果只守城堡而不往远处看,那他就是一个目光短浅的指挥员。

我们还可以用“凡是”、“只要”等连接词。

※翻译技巧[8]

汉英翻译中的词类转换

在汉英翻译中可进行各种词类的转换,例如:汉语动词转换成英语名词、形容词、介词;汉语形容词或副词转换成英语名词;汉语名词转换成英语动词等等。其中,汉语动词转换成英语抽象名词尤为普遍。高校常用的翻译教材,如张培基、吕瑞昌、冯庆华等编撰的翻译教材均将这种转换列在第一位。请看以下各例:

例1.中国政府承诺不对无核国家使用核武器。

如不注意词性转换,译文可能是:

The Chinese government undertakes not to use(that it will not use)nuclear weapons against non-nuclear countries.

这种译文显得有些口语化,不够庄重。不如改用抽象名词non-use:

The Chinese government undertakes non-use of nuclear weapons against non-nuclear countries.

例2.禁止任何叛国、分裂国家、煽动叛乱及窃取国家机密的行为。

译文一:To prohibit any act of treason,acts to split the country,incite rebellion and steal secrets.

译文二:To prohibit any act of treason,secession,sedition and theft of state secrets.以上译文一使用split,incite,steal等动词虽然语义正确,但似乎不够庄重。译文二使用抽象名词,因而显得文字严谨,适合正式法律条文的风格。

例3.技术引进合同应当订明下列事项:引进技术的保密义务,改进技术的归属和分享。

译文一:Provisions on the obligation to keep confidential the imported technology, and ownership of the right to copy any improvements made to the technology.

译文二:Provisions on the confidentiality obligation as regards the imported technology,and ownership of the right to copy any improvements made to the technology.对于"保密"这一动作译文一使用相应的动词keeping confidential,显得过于口语化。译文二转用英语抽象名词confidentiality,在法律文件中显得较为得体。

例4.这次十三届八中全会开得好。

译文一:The recent Eighth Plenary Session of the Thirteen Central Committee was a

successful meeting.

译文二:The recent Eighth Plenary Session of the13th CPC Central Committee was a success.

会"开得好"很少有人直译为动词was well conducted。

以上译文一使用具体名词a successful meeting比较常见;译文二则将其浓缩为一个名词success,更为简练。

口译中数字的翻译

[2006-06-2709:05]

英文表达中经常会用到一些数字,如:twos and threes,at sixes and sevens,sixth sense 等等,用数字表达含义简短精练,但在将这些数字表达译成中文时,并非“英文中是几,中文就译成几”,情况恰好相反,在将这些表达翻译成中文时,常常会用到“不等值翻译”、“不译”的方法。具体说来,可分为以下三种情况。其中涉及到的一些常用说法也可供大家学习参考。

(1)等值翻译

a drop in the ocean沧海一粟

within a stone's throw一步之遥

kill two birds with one stone一箭双雕

(2)不等值翻译

at sixes and sevens乱七八糟

on second thoughts再三考虑

by ones and twos两两地,零零落落地

Two heads are better than one.三个臭皮匠胜过诸葛亮。

--Can you come down a little?

--Sorry,its one price for all.

你能便宜一点卖吗?

对不起,不二价。

(3)不必译出

One mans meat is another mans poison.人各有所好。

I'll love you three score and ten.我会一辈子爱你的。

Ten to one he has forgotten it.很可能他已经忘了。

His mark in math is second to none in the class.他的数学分数在班上是名列前茅的。She is a second Lei Feng.她是雷锋式的人物。

I always believe my sixth sense.我总相信我的直觉。

The parson officially pronounced that they became one.牧师正式宣告他们成婚。

I used to study in France in the year one.我早年曾在法国学习。

资料来源:育明考研考博官网https://www.doczj.com/doc/47960598.html,

357英语翻译基础试题13

河南科技大学 2013年硕士研究生入学考试试题考试科目代码:357 考试科目名称:英语翻译基础 (如无特殊注明,所有答案必须写在答题纸上,否则以“0”分计算)I. 词汇短语或习语英汉互译(40分) 1.disintegration 2.ardent 3.far-sightedness 4.careful consideration 5.perfect harmony 6.feed on fancies 7.with great eagerness 8.lack of perseverance 9.make a little contribution 10.on the verge of destruction 11.黄头发 12.小心台阶13.百里挑一14.一饮而尽15.赤字 16.吃一堑,长一智17.覆水难收18.进退维谷19.顺其自然20.不可否认…… II.句子英汉互译。(30分) 1.Balance is the key to life. Focus is the key to success. Contentment is the key to happiness. 2.You can’t make progress until you get clear as to where you currently are.Remember, success is not a sprint, it is a marathon. 3.Don’t read more than what was intended into what he said. 4.Timeout is better than burnout. Learn to rest before you get exhausted. 5.Focus on the critical tasks that will give you the results you need. Postpone everything else. 6.你休想欺骗我。 7.夺取这个胜利,已经是不要很久的时间和不要花费很大的气力了;巩固这个胜利,则是需要很久的时间和要花费很大的气力的事情。 8.他很厚黑啊! 9.人在屋檐下不得不低头。 10.你和他简直有一拼! III.请写出下列缩略词英文全称并译为汉语。(20分) 例如:PC:Personal Computer 个人电脑 1.ICU 2.BRT 3.CBD 4.W.W.W. 5.AIDS 6.D/P 7.IOC 8.SCI 9.SOS 10.I.P. IV.篇章英汉互译。(60分) A. 英译汉(30分)

2021翻译硕士MTI《英语翻译基础》考研复习笔记备考

2021翻译硕士MTI《英语翻译基础》考研复习笔记 备考

第1章词语翻译 1.1 大纲要求 翻译硕士专业学位教育指导委员会在《翻译硕士专业学位研究生指导性培养方案》中指出,MTI教育的目标是培养高层次、应用型、专业性口笔译人才。MTI教育重视实践环节,强调翻译实践能力的培养。全日制MTI的招生对象为具有国民教育序列大学本科学历(或本科同等学力)人员,具有良好的双语基础。根据《翻译硕士专业学位研究生指导性培养方案》,制定翻译硕士专业学位研究生入学考试大纲。该大纲是各学校自行命题的重要参考依据,对于考生备考有重要的指导意义。 1考试要求 要求考生准确翻译中英文术语或专有名词。 2题型 要求考生较为准确地写出题中的30个汉/英术语、缩略语或专有名词的对应目的语。汉/英文各15个,每个1分,总分30分。考试时间为60分钟。 1.2 应试指南 通过对各高校翻译硕士《357英语翻译基础》真题的归纳分析,我们可大致看出,词语翻译这部分所涉及词汇的领域主要有政治、学术、社会、文化、经济、环境、科学等方面,内容涵盖面非常广。

政治性词汇主要集中在对国际或国内政治机构、组织、协会、会议、著名事件以及项目等的考察。比如广东外语外贸大学曾考到“CPPCC”“UNESCO”“ASEM”“China-ASEAN Expo”“全国人民代表大会”“外交部”“中国证监会”“廉政公署”8个该类词组,中山大学考题考查过“全国人民代表”“哥本哈根计划”“金砖五国”“东南亚国家联盟”“Universal Suffrage”“Bilateralism”“Air Force One”“Kyoto Protocol”“Air Defense Identification Zone”“Occupy Central”“Liaison Office”等12个政治方面术语和名称的翻译,同时,这也是其他学校必考项之一,因此考生应重点掌握。 学术类词汇主要涉及翻译领域,分别是翻译理论和语言学知识。考生应该在理解理论和知识的基础上对重点术语加强记忆。这部分知识考察的重点程度因学校而异,根据分析,理工类学校的英语专业比较重视这两类知识的考察,如北京航空航天大学超过三分之二的词汇翻译都集中在翻译和语言学术语,而综合性和文科类学校则对学术类词汇着墨较少。 社会类词汇指跟公民生活或社会发展相关的词汇,包括人权、社会政策、医疗卫生、媒体网络等方面。如北京外国语大学考到的“比特币”“狗仔队”“富二代”“互联互通”“量化宽松政策”“埃博拉病毒”“地沟油”“真人秀”和“逆袭”,中南大学考到的“建设节约型社会”“公益性文化事业”“自主创业”,都属于这一类。对付这类词汇,要求考生切实关注关系到国计民生的各项新闻和政策,了解社会的发展趋势。了解这些社会问题的一个很好的途径是通过英文版报纸和杂志,如《中国日报》等,这些报纸是中国传达其政策信息的窗口,社会新词一般都会首先通过这些媒体出现,把握好这些窗口,也就把握到了社会类词汇的源头。

英语翻译基础历年真题试卷汇编88

英语翻译基础历年真题试卷汇编88 (总分:50.00,做题时间:90分钟) 一、词语翻译(总题数:27,分数:50.00) 1.英译汉 __________________________________________________________________________________________ 解析: 2.civil law (分数:2.00) __________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案:(正确答案:民法) 解析: 3.mass transit (分数:2.00) __________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案:(正确答案:公共交通;大容量公共运输(工具)) 解析: 4.wage theory (分数:2.00) __________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案:(正确答案:工资理论) 解析: 5.mock epic (分数:2.00) __________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案:(正确答案:讽刺史诗) 解析: 6.counterespionage (分数:2.00) __________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案:(正确答案:反间谍活动) 解析: 7.high seas (分数:2.00) __________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案:(正确答案:公海;远海) 解析: 8.CYO (分数:2.00) __________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案:(正确答案:首席元老(Chief Yearly Officer)) 解析: 9.irrigation and drainage (分数:2.00) __________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案:(正确答案:灌溉与排水) 解析:

英语翻译基础历年真题试卷汇编74

英语翻译基础历年真题试卷汇编74 (总分:50.00,做题时间:90分钟) 一、词语翻译(总题数:27,分数:50.00) 1.英译汉 __________________________________________________________________________________________ 解析: https://www.doczj.com/doc/47960598.html,ernment watchdog (分数:2.00) __________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案:(正确答案:政府监督) 解析: 3.carbon footprint (分数:2.00) __________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案:(正确答案:碳足迹,碳排放) 解析: 4.Twitter (分数:2.00) __________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案:(正确答案:推特) 解析: 5.funemployment (分数:2.00) __________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案:(正确答案:失业乐活) 解析: 6.Diesel oil (分数:2.00) __________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案:(正确答案:柴油) 解析: 7.汉译英 __________________________________________________________________________________________ 解析: 8.借词 (分数:2.00) __________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案:(正确答案:loanword) 解析: 9.全球暖化 (分数:2.00) __________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案:(正确答案:global warming) 解析: 10.经济不景气 (分数:2.00)

2015年北京外国语大学翻译硕士英语翻译基础考研真题,翻译技巧

2015年北京外国语大学翻译硕士英语翻译基础考研真题词组翻译: 1、Bogor Goals 2、FTAAP 3、zero-sum game 4、ALS 5、NASA 6、genomic variation 7、ozone depletion 8、sinology 9、bitcoin 10、UNCED 11、Paparazzi 12、amino acid 13、Digital divide 14、Existentialism 15、Silver-spoon kids 1)十八届四中全会 2)亚太经合组织 3)互联互通 4)量化宽松政策 5)公使衔参赞 6)埃博拉病毒 资料来源:育明考研考博官网https://www.doczj.com/doc/47960598.html,

7)自闭症 8)防空识别区 9)负面清单 10)房产税 11)专利技术 12)和而不同 13)地沟油 14)真人秀 15)逆袭 英译汉:关于环境立法之类的 汉译英:孟子的“四端”《中庸》,恻隐之心,礼义廉耻之类的,价值观 汉译英常用方法和技巧 与词有关的翻译方法包括: ?直译和意译 ?词义的选择 ?词的增补与省略 ?词类转义法 ?重复法 ?正说反译法和反说正译法 ?分句法和合句法 资料来源:育明考研考博官网https://www.doczj.com/doc/47960598.html,

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