Unit 3 More Than Words
Useful Information
Humans are not the only living things that can communicate information to one another. There are some interesting forms of communication among other animal forms. Honeybees, for example, perform a kind of dance that accurately transmits information about the direction, distance, and nature of a food source. Dogs and wolves employ scents to communicate, in addition to barks, howls, and growls. They also use a system of visual signals that includes not only facial expressions and body movements but also positions of the tail.
Communication gets more complex with the social organizations of animals. After humans, the nonhuman primates have the most intricate systems. Far from depending primarily on vocalizations, as we might expect, the nonhuman primates seem to rely heavily on combinations of gestures, facial expressions and postures as well as sounds. Just as is true with humans, the nonhuman primates are able to lend many shades of meaning to their body-language vocabulary. However, there are important occasions when only sounds will do. Discovering something good to eat, for example, a monkey or ape will let out a cry of pleasure that brings the rest of the troops running; or, sensing danger, it will give a shriek that causes its companions to seek shelter. This wordless communication system serves the nonhuman primates extremely well. It is complex and allows them to do much. Yet, for all its complexity it falls short of human language.
The gift of language provides a magnificently efficient and versatile system of communication. Its coded series of sounds conveys thought at least ten times faster than any other method of signaling can—faster than hand signs, moving pictures, or even other kinds of vocalizati on. Language is man’s passport to a totally new level of social organization, the tool that enables him to vary his behavior to meet changing conditions instead of being limited by the less flexible action patterns that other primates have. Through language, man can step outside himself and give things names, reflect on them and refer to them in the past and the future. Most important of all, language gives man the capacity to share his thoughts and to pass along learned behavior to succeeding generations.
Since we are all humans, we might think that we would all have the same communication styles. This is not true. Sometimes, different personalities and different cultures can make it seem as if we come from countries with different traffic signal systems—interpreting the lights however we see fit.
Some of us charge forward, always saying exactly what we think in every situation, assuming the light is green until we encounter a roadblock. Others of us always worry about how what we say causes others to react towards us and assume that the light is red
unless someone tells us it’s green. We don’t say what we think until given the ―go-ahead.‖ Still others of us see yellow at every communication intersection, proceeding with caution, attuned to signs that others have missed. Each of these systems has advantages in some instances. A yellow-light person is more likely to avoid miscommunication problems, whereas a green-light person can quickly cause hard feelings without even thinking about it. Furthermore, a red-light person may end up being a very poor communicator because he hesitates to ever express his true feelings and appears to be a shallow individual. This may seem to be a simplistic analogy, but it can be an interesting exercise to think about which co lor of the ―light‖ you tend to see when you are communicating with others. Communication, both verbal and non-verbal, is a fascinating subject, and as communicators we must not forget that half of communication is listening. Good listeners tend to be popular, well-liked people because they appear interested in those with whom they are communicating. They also tend to make fewer mistakes, for obvious reasons. Thus, in learning a new language, it is essential to both speak and listen accurately, just as is true with one’s own native language.
Part One Preparation
1. Why Are You Speaking?
STEP ONE
1)– He is expressing his feelings/opinion/comment.
– He might love this woman, so he wanted to give the woman some hints, wishing that he and the woman could develop a relationship as intimate as the two in the picture.
2) She is criticizing the children’s behavior and hopes that the y would not do this again.
3) She is curious and is asking about the man’s ideas.
4) – He is making a suggestion.
– He asks the boy not to disturb him.
STEP TWO
--- to greet people, ―Glad to meet you.‖
--- to ask for directions, ―Could you tell me where the railway station is?‖
--- to make an invitation, ―I’d like for you to come and have tea with us on Friday.‖
--- to make a request, ―Could I ask you to write him a letter?‖
--- to make an inquiry, ―Do you know the assignment for today’s English class?‖
--- to apologize, ―Forgive me for being late.‖
--- to ask for permission, ―May I use your dictionary?
--- to e xpress thanks, ―I really don’t know how I can thank you enough.‖
2. Act and Guess
Possible verb phrases to be written on the cards:
Frying an egg, driving a car, playing golf, playing the piano, tying a shoelace, taking a shower, catching a mosquito, stealing a wallet, etc.
Note: The teacher can set a time limit for both the acting and guessing to make it more challenging. Also, students should be encouraged to come up with their own phrases.
3. Idioms Related to Parts of the Body
1) G 2) A 3) H 4) C 5) B 6) E 7) F 8) D
4. 1) E 2) A 3) F 4) B 5) D 6) C
5. Action, Body and Emotions
Directions: Often parts of the body are closely linked to particular verbs. The combination of the verb and part of the body expresses certain emotions or
attitudes. First choose an appropriate verb from Column I) for the nouns in
Column II), then from Column III) choose a possible emotion or attitude so
that the relevant action may be expressed.
I) Action II) Part of body III) Possible emotion or attitude expressed
lick fist doubt, indifference
wrinkle eyebrows disrespect
raise shoulders anger, aggression
clench tongue dislike, distaste
shrug lips inquiry, surprise
stick out nose anticipation
Key:
lick → lips → anticipation
wrinkle → nose→ dislike, distaste
raise → eyebrows→ inquiry, surprise
clench → fist→ anger, aggression
shrug → shoulders→ doubt, indifference
stick out → tongue→ disrespect
Part Two Reading-Centered Activities
In-Class Reading
I. Pre-Reading
Picture 1: It means ―I agree‖ or it is to show that you are paying attention.
Picture 2: It means you’re saying ―No!‖ or it is to show that you are disappointed.
Picture 3 & 4: Both gestures mean ―Come here!‖
II. Passage Reading
Background Information
North America (l.10): the third largest continent in the world, consisting of Canada and the United States of America, as well as Mexico, Central America,
Greenland and other smaller islands
The Middle East (l.11): the countries of southwest Asia, and North Africa, around the eastern side of the Mediterranean Sea, from Libya to Iran and including Egypt, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Syria, and the countries of the Arabian Peninsula.
Spanish-speaking countries (l. 18): such as Spain, and most of Central and south America countries
Asia (l. 23): the world’s largest continent, which includes the countries of the Middle East and the countries between the Ural Mountains and the Pacific Ocean, such as India, China, Japan, and part of Russia.
Latin America (l. 30): the countries of South America, Central America and Mexico, where Spanish or Portuguese is spoken.
Words, Phrases and Grammatical Points
1.more than ( l. 1 ) more…than ( l. 5 )
―More‖, as the quantifier comparative of many and much, is used to say that a particular number or amount is larger than another.
e.g. I) In some places bottled water costs more than a glass of beer.
II) I have done more work this morning than he.
2.nonverbal ( l. 3 )
The prefix ―non-― means ―not.‖
e.g. a nonalcoholic (不含酒精的) drink
a nonsmoker (不抽烟者)
a nonstop flight (直飞航班)
a nonmember country (非成员国)
Gandhi’s policy of non-violence 甘地的非暴力政策
3.means ( l. 5 )
与means有关的常用词组有by all means, by no means等。
by all means
1) 通常是―definitely‖,―absolutely‖,―of course‖的意思。
e.g.I) ―Would it be all right if I left a bit early?‖ ―Yes, by all means.‖
II) ―Can I use the phone?‖ ―By all means.‖ (当然可以.)
2) 有时解释为―using everything and everyone available to get something done‖。
e.g. I) Citizens of the town put out the fire by all means available.
II) He was determined to become leader by all means.
by no means 或not by any means的意思是―not at all‖。
e.g. I) She’s by no means sure of getting the job.
II) She’s not a bad kid, by any means.
III) It is by no means certain that the game will take place.
by means of … 的意思是―using a particular method or system‖。
e.g. I) The blocks are raised by means of pulleys (滑轮).
II) She tried to explain by means of sign language.
4.expect (l. 20)
More usage and examples of ―expect‖:
1) think or believe
e.g. I) I expect you are right.
II) ―Do you think they are going to attack?‖ ―I expect so.‖
2) think or believe that someone or something is likely to come or happen
e.g. I) I expect (that) she will pass the exam.
II) There’s the doorbell –I expect it’ll be my mother.
III) We weren’t expecting so many people to come to the party.
3)have or express a strong wish for something or that someone will do something
e.g. I) At these prices, I expect better service.
II) You can’t expect children to be quiet all the time.
III) The general expects complete obedience from his men.
5.rarely ( l.28 )
―Rarely‖ means ―not often.‖ Other words or expressions meaning ―rarely‖ are not often, seldom, hardly/scarcely ever.
e.g. I) Sometimes, but not very often, Pippa persuaded her father to lend her his car.
II) Discipline (纪律) is rarely a problem in this school.
III) Although his speed of thought outstripped most people, he rarely showed impatience.
IV) Seldom have I seen such a wonderful recovery in one of my patients.
V) My grandmother hardly ever goes out of the house.
6.prefer (l. 29)
1) prefer something
e.g. I) She prefers her coffee black.
II) This type of owl prefers a desert habitat.
2) prefer … to …
e.g. I) I prefer singing to acting.
II) He prefers red wine to white.
3) prefer (…) to do something
e.g. I) He chose Spain, but personally I’d prefer to go to Greece.
II) ―Let me wash the dishes—or would you prefer me to dry them?‖
4) prefer that …
e.g. 1) Would you prefer that we reschedule the meeting for next week?
II) We prefer that our teachers have a degree in early childhood education.
III. Post-Reading
Reading Comprehension
1. Understanding the Organization of the Text
1) Introduction (Para. 1)
Body language/nonverbal language is also an important means of communication.
2) Communicating in a foreign language can be difficult if we don’t understand the
nonverbal signals of that culture. (Para. 2~5)
For example,
A)the gesture of nodding the head (up and down), (Para. 2)
B)eye contact, (Para. 3)
C)the sign of waving the hand/a wave of the hand, (Para. 4)
D)personal conversation distance. (Para. 5)
3) Conclusion (Para. 6)
To communicate successfully in a foreign language, we need to master a fifth skill, cultural awareness.
2. Understanding Specific Information
1) They may mean different things in different cultures.
2) Facial expression, gestures, and other movements of the body that send messages.
3) Nodding the head up and down.
4) Because he thought the student was expressing ―I agree to buy the machine‖ by
nodding his head.
5) People are expected to look into the other person’s eyes during a conversation.
6) He may come closer instead of going away.
7) Because they come from different countries and prefer different conversation
distances.
8) It’s the awareness of differences between different cultures. / It’s the awareness of
proper behavior in different cultures.
3. Group Discussion
1) --- Shaking hands is the customary form of greeting all over the world.
--- Hugging and kissing when greeting are common in most western countries.
--- Displaying the index and middle fingers in the shape of a ―V‖ means ―victory‖ or ―peace‖.
--- The ―O.K.‖ gesture is used to mean ―O.K.‖, ―zero‖, or ―worthless‖.
--- The thumbs-up gesture is used to say ―Good job!‖, ―O.K.‖ or ―Great!‖
--- A person may point to his nose or chest to indicate himself.
--- A person may pat his head to show that he is thinking hard.
--- A person may shake his hand to say ―No!‖
2) --- eating with your left hand in India;
--- touching one’s head in India;
--- the ―O.K.‖ sign in Germany and Brazil;
--- hugging or kissing a stranger or acquaintance in countries like China;
--- the thumbs-up gesture in Australia;
--- resting the feet on tables or chairs in France;
--- conversing with hands in pockets in France;
--- touching or pointing at someone with your feet;
--- crossing the first and second fingers has two meanings: a) wishing for good luck to happen, b) I’m not telling the truth (often done with the hand behind the back to hide crossed fingers from view).
Vocabulary
1. 1) A
A) the way of life of a particular nation or group of people
B) music, art, theatre, literature, etc.
2) B
A)one of two or three periods that the school or university year is divided into 学期
B)a word or expression that has a particular meaning, especially in a technical or
scientific
subject 术语
3) B
A) the money or income that one has
B) a way or method of doing or achieving something
4) A
A) a gesture, sound or action which is intended to give a particular message
B) a series of radio waves, light waves, or changes in electrical current that may carry
information
5) B
A) a short written or spoken note
B) the most important idea in a book, film, speech, etc.
6) A
A) only
B) in a way that is easy to understand
7) B
A)communication with a person, organization, country, etc.
B)(eye contact) two people’s looking at each other’s eyes at the same time 目光接触
8) B
A) a long raised mass of water moving across the surface of the sea波浪
B) a sign of greeting made by raising and moving the hand (手等的) 挥动
9) A
A) the amount of area, room, etc. that is empty or available to be used 空地, 场地
B) the area beyond earth where planets, stars, moons, etc., exist空间, 太空
10) B
A) unable to find 遗失
B) be defeated, not win 输掉，失败
2. 1) gesture 2) signal 3) misunderstanding 4) behaved 5) curls 6) meaningful 7) rarely
8) means 9) unfamiliar 10) decreased 11) bowed 12) communication 13)
facial 14) awareness 15) occur
Translation
1) You won’t get the job unless you’ve got the experience.
2) Most of my time is spent studying the differences between Chinese and American cultures.
3) The statement/sentence is so clear that it can’t cause any misunderstanding.
4) He wishes he could give her more help than he does.
5) Put on your coat or you’ll catch cold.
6) She has added a Picasso to her collection.
7)I am not aware of ever having been here before.
8)You will soon find yourself without any friends at all if you keep on being so rude to
everybody.
Part Three Further Development
1. Grammar Review
Section A
1) I don’t know whether to go to the movie s or stay at home and watch TV.
2) I’m wondering when to leav e.
3) Please let us know where to send your mail.
4) I haven’t decided which city to settle in.
5) I’m not sure who m to ask for help.
6) Can you tell/show me how to get to the railway station from here?
7) We should discuss what to do with the money.
Section B
Sample 1
1) The earlier we leave, the sooner we will arrive.
2) The more expensive the hotel, the better the service.
3) The more I got to know him, the more I liked him.
4) The longer he waited, the more impatient he became.
Sample 2
1) Their garden is three times bigger than ours.
2) This house is three times more expensive than that one.
3) A horse can run a hundred times faster than an ant.
4) She works a hundred times more efficiently than the old secretary.
Sample 3
1) Don’t tell Ann what I said unless she asks you.
2) You can’t get a job unless you’ve got experience.
3) The man said he would hit me unless I told him where the money was.
4) Joe can’t hear unless you shout.
2. Vocabulary Review
Section A
1) expands
expand: become larger in size, number, or amount, or to make something become larger
broaden: a) increase something such as knowledge, experience, or your range of
activities
b) make something wider or become wider
2) means
mean: v. have a particular meaning
adj. unkind or nasty
n. the average amount, figure, or value 平均数
means: n. methods that you use as a way of achieving a result
3) sign
sign: an act or gesture used to convey an idea, a desire, information, or a command 示意动作
signal: an indicator, such as a gesture or colored light, that serves as a means of communication信号, 暗号
4) genuine
true: not false, based on facts and not imagined or invented
genuine: something real, not fake
5) reward
prize: something that is given to someone who is successful in a game, competition, race, etc.
reward: something that you receive because you have done something good or helpful
6) fault
fault: blame, responsibility (for a mistake)
mistake: something that has been done incorrectly, or statement that is incorrect 7) effort
effect: the way in which an event, action, or person changes someone or something 影响
effort: an attempt to do something, especially when this involves a lot of hard work or determination 努力
8) horizons
horizons: knowledge and experience 视野
eyesight: the ability to see 视力
9) habit
custom: a way of behaving or a belief which has been established for a long time 习俗
habit: something you do often and regularly, often without knowing that you are doing it习惯
10) resolved
resolve: decide to do something 下决心
reveal: make information known 披露（后面不可跟不定式）
11) recognize
realize: understand something 意识到
recognize: identify someone or something 辨认出
Section B
language, communicate, speech, nonverbal language, body language, facial expression, gesture, body movement, message, say, word, speak, understand, conversation, reading, writing, speaking, cultural awareness, pay attention, eye contact, tell, personal conversation distance, misunderstanding, shake hands, listen with half an ear, listener, concentrate, respond, follow-up question, conversationalist, humor, a wave of the hand, behave, behavior, bow, curl the fingers downward, hear, learn, look directly in a person’s eyes, nod the head up and down, wave good-bye
3. To Be a Good Listener in the English Class
STEP TWO
1) I should concentrate throughout the class and ask the instructor to explain things I
don’t understand either in class or after class.
2) I should ask the instructor to repeat the question first by saying, ―Sorry, I beg your
pardon!‖ and then decide whether I can answer the question.
3) I should not dwell on words I don’t know. Instead, I should skip them and keep
going so that I won’t miss the main idea.
4) It’s natural that I have some difficulties in listening. I shouldn’t be so hard on myself.
5) I should pay more attention to content than to words. I should listen for main ideas
and other important information.
6) I should learn to interpret the information in English.
7) I should listen throughout a lesson to get the message so that I know what to say
next. I needn’t take myself too seriously.
8) I shou ld ask the speaker to repeat or explain his or her words. I don’t think I’ll lose
face by doing so.
9) I should listen carefully and make sure that I understand. I should pay attention to
the idea I want to express, not only the words.
10) To improve my listening skills, I’m going to do more listening practice out of class.
I’ll listen to some English songs, news in English, and some English programs.
4. Telegrams
STEP ONE
1)--- A: How are you?
B: Great!
--- A: Was the baby born?
B: Yes!
--- A: How is work?
B: Everything is going on smoothly!
2)--- A: Shall we meet on Monday night?
B: No, I’m planning to prepare for the exam. How about Tuesday night?
A: But I’m going to be busy then. How about Thursday night?
B: All right, I’ll be free th en!
3) --- A: When is your daughter’s wedding to be held?
B: On May 1st.
A: Where is it to be held?
B: At the Ritz Hotel.
STEP TWO
Sample: Peter is calling Monica to ask her for a date.
P = Peter M = Monica
M: Hello?
P: Hello, Monica? This is Peter.
M: Hello, Peter.
P: What are you doing on Monday night? There’s a great show at the Royal Theater.
M: Monday night? Oh sorry, I’m planning to finish my paper then. It’s due Tuesday morning. How about Tuesday night?
P: Well, but I think I have to see my mother off that night. How about Thursday night? Why don’t we go out for dinner, just you and me, nice and romantic. We could go to that little restaurant you like so much.
M: That sounds like a great idea. Sure, I’d love to go with you. When shall we meet then?
P: I’ll pick you up at 6:30 at the school gate.
5. Eyes—The Window of the Soul
STEP ONE: 1) d 2) a 3) e 4) c 5) b
STEP TWO: 1) caught his eye 2) have eyes bigger than my stomach 3) making eyes at 4)turn a blind eye to 5) take my eyes off
Part Four Writing and Translation
2. Translation Practice
1) First, you should be aware that feeling nervous in a new environment is quite normal.
2) Our thoughts race along several times faster than most people speak.
3) In order to get others to pay attention to you, you must first learn how to be a good and
sympathetic listener.
4) One of the essential points is that you should try to broaden your horizons.
5) A sense of humor is helpful and you can lighten a conversation by sometimes telling a joke about yourself.
6) Only when you are ready to talk and listen attentively will you succeed in making friends with the people around you.
3. Writing
Sample
To solve your problem, you should pay more attention to your communication skills. First, you should be aware of your problem, and tell yourself that it’s very natural for you to feel that way in a new place and among so many people you don’t know. Then you should try to make others understand your position and help you deal with the problem. In order to get others to pay attention to you, you must first learn how to be a good and sympathetic listener. We should concentrate when we listen and do not miss the important points the others say, because our thoughts race much faster than most people speak. Then you should talk more. The ability to talk well is not always easy. But the more you work at it, the easier it will be. You can also use a bit sense of humor to lighten your conversation. Only when you are ready to talk and listen attentively will you succeed in making a connection with the world around you. (172 words)
Unit 1 羞怯的痛苦 对许多人来说，羞怯是很多不愉快的起因。各种各样的人——矮的、高的、愚笨的、聪明的、年轻的、年老的、瘦的、胖的——都说自己是羞怯的。羞怯的人会焦虑不安，感到不自然；也就是说，他们过分地关注自己的外表和举止。脑海中不断盘旋着一些使自己不安的想法：我给人留下的是什么印象？他们喜欢我吗？我讲话是不是傻里傻气？我长得难看。我穿的衣服毫不引人注目。 很显然这种不安的感觉会对人产生不利的影响。一个人的自我看法反映在自己的行为方式之中，而一个人的行为方式又影响他人的反应。通常，人们如何看待自己对他们生活的各个方面都会产生深刻的影响。例如，具有积极的自我价值观或很强自尊心的人往往表现出自信。而由于自信，他们不需要他人不断地称赞和鼓励，也能使自己感觉良好。自信者热情、自发地投入生活。他们不因别人认为他们“该”做什么而受到影响。有很强自尊心的人不会被批评所伤害；他们不会把批评看作是人身攻击。 相反，他们认为批评是一种提醒他们改进的建议。相比之下，羞怯的人自尊心较弱，往往消极被动并且容易受他人影响。他们（是否）在做“该做的事情”需要得到别人的肯定。害羞的人对批评非常敏感；他们觉得批评正好证实了他们比别人差。他们也很难因别人的赞美而高兴，因为他们相信自己不值得称赞。羞怯的人也许会用这样的话来回答别人的赞美之辞：“你这么说只是为了让我感觉好一些。我知道这不是真的。”显然，尽管自我意识是一种健康的品质，过分的自我意识却是不利和有害的。 能否彻底消除或者至少减轻羞怯感呢？幸运的是，人们能够通过坚持
不懈的努力建立自信从而克服羞怯。由于胆怯和缺少自尊是密切相关的，因此正视自己的弱点和正视自己的优点一样重要。例如，大多数人希望每门功课都得A。如果仅仅因为在某些领域有困难，就把自己列为差生，这不恰如其分。人们对自己的期望必须现实。老是想那些不可能的事情会令自己觉得无能，甚至产生嫉妒。当我们嫉妒比自己成绩好的学生时，我们正在自我否定。 如果你害羞，这里有些具体有效的步骤帮助你树立信心并克服羞怯感：１．认清自己的优缺点。每个人既有优点又有缺点。随着对自我的不断认同，羞怯感就会自然减弱。 ２．确定合理的目标。例如，在聚会时和一群陌生人在一起，你也许会怯场。不要以为你必须和每个人交谈。集中精力，仅和一两个人交谈，你会感到更自在些。 ３．内疚和羞耻感是消极的情感。不要把时间和精力浪费在这上头。假设你伤害了某人的感情，（光）感到羞愧是无济于事的。相反，应该承认你犯了个错误，并决心在将来更加善解人意。 ４．所有问题都有许多种解决办法。很少有完全正确或完全错误的意见。要敢于公开表达自己的观点。 ５．不要对自己做消极的评论。这是一种自我否定。千万别把自己描述为愚蠢的、丑陋的，或者一个失败者。注重自己积极的方面。 ６．接受批评时要缜密思考。不要把批评理解为人身攻击。例如，如果一位朋友抱怨你的烹饪技术，要把这当成对你的烹饪技术而不是对你本人的评价而接受下来。放心，你们还是好朋友，但你的烹饪技术也许确实
Unit 1 Listen1_Ex1 Interviewer:Angela, you were born in Korea but you've been living in Canada for a long time, haven't you? Angela:Yes, I was 10 years old when my parents immigrated to Canada and I've been living here for 20 years now. Interviewer:Do you think that belonging to two different cultures has affected your personality? Angela:Yes, definitely. There are times when I think that I have two personalities. Depending on where I am and who I'm with, I'm Korean or I'm Canadian. Interviewer:That sounds complicated. Could you explain what you mean? Angela:Well, growing up in Canada when I was going to high school, for example, I was known as Angela to the outside world, and as Sun-Kyung at home. I would wave hello to my teachers, but bow to my parents' Korean friends when they visited our home. Interviewer:Do different cultures have different ideas as to what is polite? Angela:Yes, definitely. In high school, I was expected to look straight in the eyes of my teachers and to talk openly with them. But when Koreans spoke to me, I was expected to look at my feet and to be shy and silent. Interviewer:Do you think that having two personalities makes you a richer person? Angela:Yes, but sometimes I don't know who I am. 1.Angela immigrated from Canada to Korea.(F ) 2.Angela is about 20 years old now.(F ) 3.Angela had two different personalities,one at school and one at home.(T ) 4.Sun-Kyung is Anglela's gilefriend at school.(F ) 5.Angela agrees that culture affects personality.(T ) 6.Being expected to two different cultures is sometimes confusing.(T) 1) outside world 2) at home 3) wave hello 4) bow 5) look straight in the eyes of 6) openly 7) look at my feet 8) shy and silent Listen2_Ex1 I am a very sensitive person, and that's good to a point. I feel everyone should be able to feel or understand what others are going through. But when you hurt, cry, or are unhappy for people you don't know, or for a movie that is not real, then I think that's a little too sensitive. That's the way I am. I am a very independent person. I must do things for myself. I don't like people doing things for me, or helping me, or giving me things. It's not that I don't appreciate it, because I do. I just feel that when someone does something for you, you owe them, and if there is one thing I don't like to feel, it's that I owe anyone anything. I think I would be a good friend. I would do almost anything for someone I like, and would share or give anything I have. I'm very caring and understanding. People
Reading comprehension 1略 2 BDCAC AADBB Vocabulary 1. 1) A. entertaining B. entertainment C. entertained D. entertainer 2) A. recognizable B. recognized C. recognition 3) A. tempting B. temptation C. tempt 4) A. reasoned B. reasoning C. reasonable D. reason 5) A. analyzed B. analytical C. analyst D. analysis 6) A. valuable B. valuation C. valued/values D. values 7) A. humorist B. humor C. humorous D. humorless 8) A. understandable B. understanding C. understand D. misunderstood 2. 1) a sense of responsibility 2) a sense of safety/security 3) a sense of inferiority 4) a sense of superiority 5) a sense of rhythm 6) a sense of justice 7) a sense of shame 8) a sense of helplessness 9) a sense of direction 10) a sense of urgency 3. 1) Lively behavior is normal 2) Fast cars appeal to 3) diverse arguments 4) I asked my boss for clarification 5) sensitive to light 6) Mutual encouragement 7) made fun of him 8) persists in his opinion/viewpoint 9) to be the focus/center of attention 10) we buy our tickets in advance 4. 1）certain/sure 2) involved 3) end 4) behavior 5) disciplining 6) agreed 7) individually 8) first 9) response 10) question 11) attempt 12) voice 13) directly 14) followed 15) trouble Unit 2 便笺的力量 Reading comprehension 1略 2 FFTFTFTFTTFTFT Vocabulary 1. Creating Compound Words
新编大学英语3 第二版（课后翻译习题） Unite 1(P17) 1) 你应该适当花一点时间休息和锻炼。 (reasonable ) You should spend a reasonable amount of time relaxing and exercising. 2) 总的来说，孩子们比过去任何时候都更健康，受到了更好的教育。(in general) In general children are healthier and better educated than ever before. 3) 待适当的机会来临，他就能抓住。(come along) When the right opportunity comes along, he’ll take it. 4)每天他都留出点时间跟家里人在一起，享受生活。(set aside) Every day he sets aside some time to be with his family and enjoy life. 5) 我记得那些黑暗的街道以及同父亲手拉手走路的情景。(hand in hand) I remember those dark streets and walking hand in hand with my father. 6) 他最终辜负了父母的期望。(live up to) He finally failed to live up to his parents’ expectations. 7) 相比之下，我们的用油量最大幅度上升了。(in contrast) In contrast, our use of oil has increased enormously. 8) 经过努力，他成功地克服了自己的致命弱点。(overcome) He succeeded in his efforts to overcome his fatal weakness. Unite 3(P113) 1)由于紧急情况，这位医生几个小时内都是没有空。(because of) Because of an emergency, the doctor will not be available for several hours. 2) 税收将会如何影响低收入的人群？(affect) How will taxes affect people with low income? 3) 我母亲总是告诉我，从长远来看我会很高兴我没有放弃练钢琴。(in the long run)
Unit 1 Personality In-Class Reading 羞怯的痛苦 1 对许多人来说，羞怯是很多不愉快的起因。各种各样的人——矮的、高的、愚笨的、聪明的、年轻的、年老的、瘦的、胖的——都说自己是羞怯的。羞怯的人会焦虑不安，感到不自然；也就是说，他们过分地关注自己的外表和举止。脑海中不断盘旋着一些使自己不安的想法：我给人留下的是什么印象？他们喜欢我吗？我讲话是不是傻里傻气？我长得难看。我穿的衣服毫不引人注目。 2 很显然这种不安的感觉会对人产生不利的影响。一个人的自我看法反映在自己的行为方式之中，而一个人的行为方式又影响他人的反应。通常，人们如何看待自己对他们生活的各个方面都会产生深刻的影响。例如，具有积极的自我价值观或很强自尊心的人往往表现出自信。而由于自信，他们不需要他人不断地称赞和鼓励，也能使自己感觉良好。自信者热情、自发地投入生活。他们不因别人认为他们“该”做什么而受到影响。有很强自尊心的人不会被批评所伤害；他们不会把批评看作是人身攻击。相反，他们认为批评是一种提醒他们改进的建议。 3 相比之下，羞怯的人自尊心较弱，往往消极被动并且容易受他人影响。他们（是否）在做“该做的事情”需要得到别人的肯定。害羞的人对批评非常敏感；他们觉得批评正好证实了他们比别人差。他们也很难因别人的赞美而高兴，因为他们相信自己不值得称赞。羞怯的人也许会用这样的话来回答别人的赞美之辞：“你这么说只是为了让我感觉好一些。我知道这不是真的。”显然，尽管自我意识是一种健康的品质，过分的自我意识却是不利和有害的。 4能否彻底消除或者至少减轻羞怯感呢？幸运的是，人们能够通过坚持不懈的努力建立自信从而克服羞怯。由于胆怯和缺少自尊是密切相关的，因此正视自己的弱点和正视自己的优点一样重要。例如，大多数人希望每门功课都得A。 5 如果仅仅因为在某些领域有困难，就把自己列为差生，这不恰如其分。人们对自己的期望必须现实。老是想那些不可能的事情会令自己觉得无能，甚至产生嫉妒。当我们嫉妒比自己成绩好的学生时，我们正在自我否定。如果你害羞，这里有些具体有效的步骤帮助你树立信心并克服羞怯感： 6 1．认清自己的优缺点。每个人既有优点又有缺点。随着对自我的不断认同，羞怯感就会自然减弱。 7 2．确定合理的目标。例如，在聚会时和一群陌生人在一起，你也许会怯场。不要以为你必须和每个人交谈。集中精力，仅和一两个人交谈，你会感到更自在些。 8 3．疚和羞耻感是消极的情感。不要把时间和精力浪费在这上头。假设你伤害了某人的感情，（光）感到羞愧是无济于事的。相反，应该承认你犯了个错误，并决心在将来更加善解人意。 9 4．所有问题都有许多种解决办法。很少有完全正确或完全错误的意见。要敢于公开表达自己的观点。 10 5．不要对自己做消极的评论。这是一种自我否定。千万别把自己描述为愚蠢的、丑陋的，或者一个失败者。注重自己积极的方面。
Part 1 Listening 1 Ex1: C A D C B Ex2: 1) approaching 2) left 3) toilet 4) locked 5) Tickets please 6) pushed 7) stamped Scripts: Two Belgians and two Dutchmen traveled regularly to work on the same train. After a while the Dutchmen saw that the two Belgians only had one ticket between them and asked how they managed to achieve this. The Belgians explained that when they heard the conductor approaching from the other end of the carriage, the two of them left their seats, went into the toilet and locked the door. When the conductor knocked on the toilet door, saying, "Tickets, please!", they pushed one ticket under the door. It was then stamped and pushed back under the door again. The Dutchmen thought this was a very good idea and the following morning bought one ticket between them. When they got to their carriage there was only one Belgian. They told him what they had done and asked the Belgian if he had a ticket as he was traveling on his own. The Belgian said he did not have a ticket at all and when they asked how he proposed to manage to travel free of charge, he told them they would have to wait and see until the conductor arrived, but he had no doubt that he would manage it without difficulty. As soon as they heard the conductor coming, the two Dutchmen immediately went to the toilet and locked the door. A few moments later, the Belgian followed them down the corridor and knocked on the toilet door, saying, "Tickets, please!" One ticket appeared under the door. Questions: 1. Where did the story take place 2. What did the two Dutchmen want to know from the two Belgians 3. How did the Dutchmen feel about the Belgians' behavior 4. What did the Belgian do when asked if he had a ticket 5. Who finally managed to travel free of charge Listening 2 Ex1: 1 department store 2. attend college 3. difficult 4. physical education 5. terrified Ex2: FTTFT Scripts: My name is Atsuko Saeki. I work as a salesclerk in a big department store in Fuji, Japan. Six years ago when I was 21 years old, I went to California to attend college. Life in the United States was much more difficult than I had ever imagined. It wasn't like the descriptions I had read in my textbooks. People often seemed tense and so I felt very alone. One of my hardest classes was physical education. We often played volleyball. All the other students were good at it, but I clearly wasn't. One afternoon, the teacher asked me to hit the ball to my classmates. For most people, this would be easy but I was terrified that I would make a fool of myself. When one of the boys on my team saw how nervous I was, he walked up to me and whispered, "Come on, you can do that." You can't imagine how those words of encouragement made me feel. I was so happy that I almost cried. I managed to hit the ball and I think I thanked the young man, but I'm not sure. I have never forgotten his kind words of encouragement. He probably doesn't even remember what he said to me or how much his kindness meant to me. Whenever things aren't going well, I think of those simple words of encouragement: Come on, you can do that.
Unit 3 Gender Difference Gender Roles from a Cultural Perspective Over the past few decades, it has been proven innumerable times that the various types of behavior, emotions, and interests that constitute being masculine and feminine are patterned by both heredity and culture. In the process of growing up, each child learns hundreds of culturally patterned details of behavior that become incorporated into its gender identity. Some of this learning takes place directly. In other words, the child is told by others how to act in an appropriately feminine or masculine way. Other details of gender behavior are taught unconsciously, or indirectly, as the culture provides different images, aspirations, and adult models for girls and boys. Recently, for example, a study of American public schools showed that there is a cultural bias in education that favors boys over girls. According to the researchers, the bias is unintentional and unconscious, but it is there and it is influencing the lives of millions of schoolchildren every year. Doctors David and Myra Sadker videotaped classroom teachers in order to study gender-related bias in education. Their research showed that many teachers who thought they were nonsexist were amazed to see how biased they appeared on videotape. From nursery school to postgraduate courses, teachers were shown to call on males in class far more than on female students. This has a tremendous impact on the learning process for, in general, those students who become active classroom participants develop more positive attitudes and go on to higher achievement. As a matter of fact, in the late 1960s, when many of the best all-women's colleges in the northeastern United States opened their doors to male students, it was observed by professors and women students alike that the boys were "taking over" the classroom discussions and that active participation by women students had diminished noticeably. A similar subordination of female to male students has also been observed in law and medical school classrooms in recent years. 3 Research done by the Sadkers showed that sometimes teachers unknowingly prevented girls from participating as actively as boys in class by assigning them different tasks in accordance with stereotyped gender roles. For instance, one teacher conducting a science class with nursery school youngsters, continually had the little boys perform the scientific "experiment" while the girls were given the task of putting the materials away. Since hands-on work with classroom materials is a very important aspect of early education, the girls were thus being deprived of a vital learning experience that would affect their entire lives.
Unit 1 Personality 羞怯的痛苦 对许多人来说，羞怯是很多不愉快的起因。各种各样的人——矮的、高的、愚笨的、聪明的、年轻的、年老的、瘦的、胖的——都说自己是羞怯的。羞怯的人会焦虑不安，感到不自然；也就是说，他们过分地关注自己的外表和举止。脑海中不断盘旋着一些使自己不安的想法：我给人留下的是什么印象？他们喜欢我吗？我讲话是不是傻里傻气？我长得难看。我穿的衣服毫不引人注目。很显然这种不安的感觉会对人产生不利的影响。一个人的自我看法反映在自己的行为方式之中，而一个人的行为方式又影响他人的反应。通常，人们如何看待自己对他们生活的各个方面都会产生深刻的影响。例如，具有积极的自我价值观或很强自尊心的人往往表现出自信。而由于自信，他们不需要他人不断地称赞和鼓励，也能使自己感觉良好。自信者热情、自发地投入生活。他们不因别人认为他们“该”做什么而受到影响。有很强自尊心的人不会被批评所伤害；他们不会把批评看作是人身攻击。相反，他们认为批评是一种提醒他们改进的建议。相比之下，羞怯的人自尊心较弱，往往消极被动并且容易受他人影响。他们（是否）在做“该做的事情”需要得到别人的肯定。害羞的人对批评非常敏感；他们觉得批评正好证实了他们比别人差。他们也很难因别人的赞美而高兴，因为他们相信自己不值得称赞。羞怯的人也许会用这样的话来回答别人的赞美之辞：“你这么说只是为了让我感觉好一些。我知道这不是真的。”显然，尽管自我意识是一种健康的品质，过分的自我意识却是不利和有害的。能否彻底消除或者至少减轻羞怯感呢？幸运的是，人们能够通过坚持不懈的努力建立自信从而克服羞怯。由于胆怯和缺少自尊是密切相关的，因此正视自己的弱点和正视自己的优点一样重要。例如，大多数人希望每门功课都得A。如果仅仅因为在某些领域有困难，就把自己列为差生，这不恰如其分。人们对自己的期望必须现实。老是想那些不可能的事情会令自己觉得无能，甚至产生嫉妒。当我们嫉妒比自己成绩好的学生时，我们正在自我否定。如果你害羞，这里有些具体有效的步骤帮助你树立信心并克服羞怯感：１．认清自己的优缺点。每个人既有优点又有缺点。随着对自我的不断认同，羞怯感就会自然减弱。２．确定合理的目标。例如，在聚会时和一群陌生人在一起，你也许会怯场。不要以为你必须和每个人交谈。集中精力，仅和一两个人交谈，你会感到更自在些。３．内疚和羞耻感是消极的情感。不要把时间和精力浪费在这上头。假设你伤害了某人的感情，（光）感到羞愧是无济于事的。相反，应该承认你犯了个错误，并决心在将来更加善解人意。４．所有问题都有许多种解决办法。很少有完全正确或完全错误的意见。要敢于公开表达自己的观点。５．不要对自己做消极的评论。这是一种自我否定。千万别把自己描述为愚蠢的、丑陋的，或者一个失败者。注重自己积极的方面。６．接受批评时要缜密思考。不要把批评理解为人身攻击。例如，如果一位朋友抱怨你的烹饪技术，要把这当成对你的烹饪技术而不是对你本人的评价而接受下来。放心，你们还是好朋友，但你的烹饪技术也许确实有待改进。７．记住，每个人都会经历一些失败和挫折。要把它们作为增长见识的经历，从中受益。挫折往往会成为转机，随之而来的将是一段美妙绝伦的经历。例如，你可能被你所中意的大学拒之门外。然而，在你就读的大学里，你可能发现这里教育的某一特点比你料想的好得多。８．有些人会使你感到自己无能，不要和这种人交往。去设法改变他们对你的态度或者改变你对自己的态度，要不就脱离这种关系。伤害你的人并不关心你的最大利益。９．留出时间休息，享受自己的业余爱好，并且定期地重新审定自己的目标。为此所花费的时间有助于更好地了解你自己。１０．多在社交场合中锻炼。不要把自己同他人隔离开来。设法一次结识一位朋友；最终你将能够娴熟而自信地在众人中周旋。我们每个人都是独一无二、难能可贵的个体。我们自有吸引人的地方。我们对自己了解得越多，就越容易充分发挥自己的潜力。不要让羞怯成为阻碍我们拥有丰富和成功生活的绊脚石。 Unit3 Social Problems
课内阅读参考译文及课后习题答案(Book 4) Unit 1 享受幽默—什么东西令人开怀？ 1 听了一个有趣的故事会发笑、很开心，古今中外都一样。这一现象或许同语言本身一样悠久。那么，到底是什么东西会使一个故事或笑话让人感到滑稽可笑的呢？ 2 我是第一次辨识出幽默便喜欢上它的人，因此我曾试图跟学生议论和探讨幽默。这些学生文化差异很大，有来自拉丁美洲的，也有来自中国的。我还认真地思考过一些滑稽有趣的故事。这么做完全是出于自己的喜好。 3 为什么听我讲完一个笑话后，班上有些学生会笑得前仰后合，而其他学生看上去就像刚听我读了天气预报一样呢？显然，有些人对幽默比别人更敏感。而且，我们也发现有的人很善于讲笑话，而有的人要想说一点有趣的事却要费好大的劲。我们都听人说过这样的话：“我喜欢笑话，但我讲不好，也总是记不住。”有些人比别人更有幽默感，就像有些人更具有音乐、数学之类的才能一样。一个真正风趣的人在任何场合都有笑话可讲，而且讲了一个笑话，就会从他记忆里引出一连串的笑话。一个缺乏幽默感的人不可能成为一群人中最受欢迎的人。一个真正有幽默感的人不仅受人喜爱，而且在任何聚会上也往往是人们注意的焦点。这么说是有道理的。 4 甚至有些动物也具有幽默感。我岳母从前经常来我们家，并能住上很长一段时间。通常她不喜欢狗，但却很喜欢布利茨恩—我们养过的一条拉布拉多母猎犬。而且，她们的这种喜欢是相互的。布利茨恩在很小的时候就常常戏弄外祖母，当外祖母坐在起居室里她最喜欢的那张舒适的椅子上时，布利茨恩就故意把她卧室里的一只拖鞋叼到起居室，并在外祖母刚好够不到的地方蹦来跳去，一直逗到外祖母忍不住站起来去拿那只拖鞋。外祖母从椅子上一起来，布利茨恩就迅速跳上那椅子，从它那闪亮的棕色眼睛里掠过一丝拉布拉多式的微笑，无疑是在说：“啊哈，你又上了我的当。” 5 典型的笑话或幽默故事由明显的三部分构成。第一部分是铺垫（即背景），接下来是主干部分（即故事情节），随后便是妙语（即一个出人意料或令人惊讶的结尾）。如果这个妙语含有一定的幽默成分，这个笑话便会很有趣。通常笑话都包含这三部分，而且每部分都必须交代清楚。如果讲故事或说笑话的人使用听众都熟悉的手势和语言，则有助于增强效果。 6 我们可以对幽默这种娱乐形式，进行分析，从而发现究竟是什么使一个有趣的故事或笑话令人发笑。举例来说，最常见的幽默有以下几种，包括了从最显而易见的幽默到比较微妙含蓄的幽默。 7 “滑稽剧”是最明显的幽默。它语言简单、直截了当，常常以取笑他人为乐。说笑打闹这种形式过去是、现在仍然是滑稽说笑演员和小丑的惯用技巧。它为不同年龄、不同文化背景的人们所喜爱。几乎本世纪的每个讲英语的滑稽说笑演员都曾以这样或那样的方式说过下面这则笑话。一位男士问另一位男士：“昨晚我看到的那位和你在一起的贵妇是谁？”那位男士回答道：“那可不是什么贵妇，那是我老婆。”这个笑话的幽默之处在于第二位男士说他的妻子不是一位贵妇，也就是说她不是一个高雅的女人。这个笑话并没有因为经常讲而变得不再那么好笑。由于这是一个经典笑话，观众都知道要说什么，而且因为大家对这个笑话很熟悉而更加珍爱它。 8 中国的相声是一种特殊的滑稽剧。相声中两名中国喜剧演员幽默地谈论诸如官僚主义者、家庭问题或其他一些有关个人的话题。相声随处都能听到，无论是在乡村的小舞台上，还是在北京最大的剧院里，抑或在广播、电视上。它显然是中国人家喻户晓的一种传统的幽默形式。 9 “俏皮话”不像滑稽剧那样浅显，它是因语言的误用或误解而引人发笑。我特别喜欢
新编大学英语（第二版第三册）习题答案 新编大学英语（第三册）习题答案 新编大学英语（第二版）》由浙江大学编著，应惠兰主编，外语教学与研究出版社出版，刊出其习题答案是为了我三合在读大学生,同时欢迎关注三合的朋友们分享，更多内容请点击博客首页并在“搜博主文章”中按关键字搜索。 Unit 1 Personality V ocabulary (P16) 1. 1) self-conscious 2) self-confidence 3) self-esteem 4) self-destructive 5) self-worth 6) self-concept 7) Self-awareness 8) self-assurance/self-confidence 2. 1)B 2)I 3)L 4)A 5)H 6)D 7)E 8)N 9)J 10)M 11)C 12)F 13)G 14)K 3. 1) profound 2) jealousy 3) numerous 4) overweight 5) overcome 6) eventually 7) slim 8) compliments 9) diminish 10) reassurance 11) detrimental 12) isolated 13) self-esteem 14) accented 4. 1) reflected 2) concerned/worried 3) profound effect/influence 4) viewed/regarded 5)sensitive 6) respond/react 7)eliminated 8)overcome my fear 9) concentrate on 10) made no comment Translation (P17) 1) You should spend a reasonable amount of time relaxing and exercising. 2) In general children are healthier and better educated than ever before. 3) When the right opportunity comes along, he’ll take it. 4) Every day he sets aside some time to be with his family and enjoy life. 5) I remember those dark streets and walking hand in hand with my father. 6) He finally failed to live up to his parents’ expectations. 7) In contrast, our use of oil has increased enormously. 8) He succeeded in his efforts to overcome his fatal weakness. Part Four Writing and Translation (P46) 2. Translation Practice 1) It is believed that pessimism often leads to hopelessness, sickness and failure. 2) Optimism, by contrast, can make you happy, healthy and successful. 3) When you fail in something, profit from the failure as a learning experience. 4) Think about your strengths and build up self-confidence in front of problems or difficulties. 5) Don’t let negative thoughts hold you back. 6) Everyone has experienced failures and disappointments, so don’t blame yourself too much. Unit 2 Myths and Legends V ocabulary (P62) 1. 1) A. invitation B. invited C. inviting 2) A. prepare B. prepared C. preparation D. preparatory/preparation 3) A. discoveries B. discoverers C. discovered 4) A. approval B. approve C. approved D. approving E. disapprove 5) A. eloquent B. eloquence C. eloquently 6) A. faithful B. unfaithful/faithless C. faith d. faithfully