英语四六级考试写作技巧及范文
信函(Letter)
1. 信函的结构
英文信函主要由六部分组成：写信人地址和写信日期、收信人地址、收信人称呼、信函正文、结尾套语和写信人签名。
(1) 写信人地址和写信日期位于信纸第一页的右上角，地址须由小到大排列。
(2) 收信人地址位于收信人称呼的上方，通常用于公务信或较正式的信函;私人信函中多被省略。
(3) 收信人称呼须与左边线齐平，位于收信人地址下面两行处。
(4) 信函正文与一般文章格式相同，首行既可与左边线齐平也可缩进。
(5) 结尾套语位于签名上方一行处，第一字母必须大写。通常分两类：
公务信：Yours truly;Yours sincerely;Sincerely yours;Cordially yours和Sincerely 等。
私信：Affectionately;Fondly;Yours ever;Yours和Love等。
(6) 签名应位于结尾套语下方一行处，也可分两类：
公务信：必须本人亲笔签名。
私信：应视与收信人的关系而定，签名时既可带姓也可不带姓。
2. 信函的种类
生活中的信函种类繁多，按其不同用途可分为：邀请信、请求信、劝告信、感谢信、致歉信、祝贺信、慰问信、申请信、介绍信、推荐信、建议信、求职信、拒绝求职信、接受职位信、辞职信、投诉信、询问信和寻找失物信等等。因此，考生必须认真审题，仔细分析所给情景，根据所写的内容，确定写作模式，包括句子结构和关键词语等要素。
3.各类信函的写作模式
信函是人类交际必不可少的媒介之一，用以传递信息、沟通思想和表达情感。因此写信时，应根据信函目的，把自己的想法既简明扼要，又明白无误地传递给收信人，此外，还要尽量做到礼貌而自然，谦虚而自信，达到令人信服的目的。
II. 实例
1. 邀请信
June 18, 2005
Dear Prof. Cheng,
On behalf of the Organizing Committee of the Graduation Ceremony and all the graduates of this year, I have the honor to invite you, as our distinguished guest, to our graduation ceremony on Saturday, June the fourth at 3:00 p.m. in the Science Hall of our university.
We look forward to a reply at your earliest convenience and we would be particularly honored by your presence at the ceremony.
Y ours sincerely,
Lee
(1) 邀请信是写信人因邀请收信人参加单位、家庭或个人举办的各类活动的信件或请柬。必须先写清楚具体时间和详细地点，然后发出邀请，说明活动主要内容。若需回复确认，可在信的左下角注明R.S.V.P.，意为Please reply。
首段/主体：写明活动的具体时间、详细地点以及主要内容。
结尾：再次发出邀请，必要的话，可要求收信人回信确认。
(2) 常用套语
开头句：
Iλam writing to invite you to ...
It would beλmy honor to have you here.
Please accept theλinvitation to come to ...
On behalf of …, Iλam pleased to invite you to…
结尾句：
My class and I would feelλhonored if you could come.
We are looking forward to your arrival.
Iλwould like to meet you there and please let me know your decision.
Your presence and support would have a most positive effect on our success.
[范文1 非正式邀请信]
May 20, 2005
Dear Mr. and Mrs. Robinson,
Haven’t seen you for ages. My wife and I would be very ha ppy if you could come to our dinner on Saturday, June the fourth at six o’clock. Several old classmates will join us. It will be at our house near the West Lake, and there will be a party afterwards, starting at about 8 p.m. You are welcome to stay the night as there is plenty of room, though it would help if you could let me know in advance.
Hope to see you then.
Best wishes
Yours,
Xiao Xiao
[范文2 正式邀请信]
Dec. 12, 2004
Dear Prof. Yao Jinrong,
On behalf of the Foreign Languages Department, I am pleased to invite you to attend our Christmas Party. Our students will put on a short play --Christmas Carol- - directed by Ms. Donna Bacalla, our American teacher,. It would give us great pleasure to have your presence. The Party will be held in the Students’ Center of our College, on Saturday, December the twenty-sixth at seven p.m.
We are looking forward to your arrival. The favor of a reply is requested.
Yours sincerely,
Ma Jinjin
Chief of the FLD Office
2. 祝贺信
April 12, 2004
Dear Mrs. Chen,
I am much delighted to hear that your daughter Yunfeng has just won the third place of the CCTV Cup National English Speaking Contest in Beijing on April 10. You must be exceptionally happy with her splendid accomplishment. She is undoubtedly a pride of your family.
We are very happy for you and wish to extend to you our utmost congratulations. I believe that the knowledge she has acquired will enable her to be successful in her future life.
With best wishes for her success and happiness.
Sincerely yours,
Mary Lee
(1) 祝贺信是写信人对收信人所取得的成功(生日、毕业、获奖、结婚、晋升等)表示祝贺的信函。祝贺信中要充分表示写信人的喜悦，显得热情洋溢。祝贺信，视对象不同，也有正式与非正式之别。对不太熟悉的人，词语应较正式，以示礼貌。
首段：写明祝贺事由并表示祝贺。
主体：具体表达乐意与收信人分享喜悦的心情。
结尾：再次祝贺或对收信人的未来表示祝福或期望。
(2) 常用套语
开头句：
Iλam much delighted to hear that ...
I amλwriting to send my warm congratulations on your…
I would like to express in this letter my heartiestλcongratulations on your...
结尾句：
Wish you good luck in theλpursuit of a ...
With best wishes for hisλsuccess and happiness.
I am sure you willλcontinue to challenge yourself to even greater success in the future.
[范文]
June 30, 2005
Dear Xiaoyan,
I am much delighted to hear that you have just received your Ph.D. degree in biochemistry at Nanjing University. My heartiest congratulations on this great achievement of yours!
You can imagine how happy I am for you and how proud I am of you. I am proud of you not just for the title, but for this amazingly persistent drive in you to pursue what you have really wanted to do in your life.
I am sure you will continue to challenge yourself to even greater success in your future career.
Sincerely yours,
John Smith
3. 感谢信
February 22, 2005
Dear Mr. and Mrs. Kennedy,
It is my great pleasure to show my hearty thanks to you for your hospitality and courtesy to me during my stay in Sydney. I not only enjoyed myself immensely, but also learned a lot about your country and from your people. I will cherish this memory for ever.
Please give my love to Tom. It was so nice of him to show me round the beautiful city. Looking forward to his visit to Shanghai soon.
Thanks again and hope I have the opportunity to return your charming hospitality and courtesy.
Yours sincerely,
Chen Xiaoyan
(1)感谢信是写信人因收到祝贺或礼物、得到帮助或受到慰问等而对收信人表示感谢的信函。感谢信中首先要充分表示写信人的诚挚谢意;其次要具体，须提及些许细节，以表达给自己留下的深刻印象。
首段：开宗明义，表示诚挚的感谢。
主体：具体写明表示感谢的理由。
结尾：再次表示感谢，并表达继续保持友谊的愿望。
(2) 常用套语
开头句：
I am writing to express/extend my sincere gratitude/thanksλfor...
It is my great pleasure to show myλhearty thanks to you for…
I would like toλconvey in this letter my heartfelt thanks to you for ...
I really don’t know how to thank you enough for everything youλdid for me.
结尾句：
Thanks again and hope I have the opportunity to returnλyour…
Much love to all of you and manyλthanks.
I feel most obliged to thank you onceλmore.
Please accept my gratitude, now andλalways.
[范文]
Dear Mrs. Zago,
I really don’t know how to thank you enough for your flowers, which turned our living room into a beautiful garden. How considerate and wonderful of you to remember my birthday. You just couldn’t have selected anything I had have liked more! You really have a positive genius for selecting the right gift!
The four years we spent together at the college have been the most impressive period in my life. I will cherish this fond memory forever. How nice it would be to see you again.
You have been more than kind, and I won’t ever forget it. My love and deepest gratitude, now and always.
Yours sincerely,
John Smith
4. 致歉信
June 5, 2005
Dear Mr. London,
I am writing to express my regret that I was unable to keep my engagement to meet you in the office.
I fear you are displeased at my failing to keep my promise, but I trust you will forgive me. Let me explain. My mother suddenly fell sick early this morning, and I had to send her to the hospital.
I shall be obliged if you will kindly write and tell me when and where we can meet again. I hope to see you soon.
Yours sincerely,
John Smith
(1) 致歉信是写信人因失约等给收信人带来不便，表示道歉和请求谅解的信函。致歉信中首先要充分体现写信人的诚恳态度，尽可能照顾到收信人的感受，并能使其接受;其次要具体，详细说明道歉的原因，譬如自己被迫不能践约或一时过失所造成的后果。最后，再次对给收信人带来的不便说声抱歉，并可提出补救的建议。
首段：开门见山，表示诚恳的道歉。
主体：具体写明道歉的原因。
结尾：再次表示歉意，可提出补救措施。
(2) 常用套语
开头句：
I am writing to express my regret that...λ
I am excess ively sorry to say that…λ
Please accept my sincere apology for ...λ
Much to my regret, I was unable to…λ
结尾句：
Please allow me to sayλsorry again.
Once again, I am sorry for anyλinconvenience caused.
Hope you can accept myλapologies and understand my situation.
Iλsincerely hope that you will be able to think in my position and accept my apologies.
[范文]
June 15, 2005
Dear Al,
Much to my regret, I have to cancel our trip to Tibet at the last minute. I understand you have put so much work into arranging this party.
I felt very bad about having to fly to Beijing to attend an urgent business meeting there. I hope this bouquet of flowers can do a little to make up for the disappointment.
Once again, I am sorry for any inconvenience caused. I think we can visit sometime in autumn this year.
Yours,
Jane
5. 申请信
Jan. 28, 2005
Dear Sir,
I am writing to apply for a scholarship in order to pursue my graduate study for the master’s degree in your university.
Here is my personal information. In 2001, I entered Zhejiang University and majored in physics and will graduate this coming July. In addition to different courses in physics, I have learned such optional courses as chemistry, economics and computer drawing. I have passed CET-6 and got 7 points on IELTS, and I am sure my English can meet your requirements.
If my application could be taken into consideration, I would be most grateful. And
I am looking forward to your early reply.
Yours sincerely,
Xiao Yan
(1) 申请信是写信人希望收信人能满足其某个请求的信函。申请信一开头就必须点明申请内容，然后一一写出自己所具备的相关条件，言辞恳切，不卑不亢。最后还要记得说声谢谢或期待回复。
首段：直截了当地提出自己的申请。
主体：具体写明申请原因及相关条件。
结尾：希望能及时得到回复，并表示感谢。
(2) 常用套语
开头句：
I am writing to applyλfor...
I am greatly interestedλin/by…
I can’t wait to write this applicationλfor…
结尾句：
λLooking forward to your early reply.
Anyλfavorable consideration of my application will be highly appreciated.
If my application could be takenλinto consideration, I would be most grateful.
[范文]
March 15, 2005
Dear Prof. Roger,
I am greatly interested in your program of education studies and hope that I could do my doctor’s degree under your instruction.
I graduated from Hangzhou Normal College in 2001 as an MA in psychology. I took such courses as juvenile psychology, history of psychology and other psychological studies. I am now working on a similar program at the education department as an assistant. My English is excellent as two of my college years were spent in the States.
Any favorable consideration of my application will be highly appreciated.
Looking forward to hearing from you soon.
Sincerely yours,
6. 推荐信
March 15, 2005
Dear Prof. Anderson,
I take great pleasure in recommending to you Mr. Zhou Lihua as a graduate student in your university. He likes very much to pursue his graduate study for the master’s degree under your guidance.
Mr. Zhou takes my English courses and will graduate this July. As a student
majoring in economics, he is excellent not only in his own field, but also in such optional courses as psychology, philosophy and computer applications. Besides, he is always on good terms with his classmates.
I have no doubt that Mr. Zhou is a very promising young man and will be your ideal candidate. I strongly recommend him with no reservation.
Sincerely yours,
Xiao Yan
(1) 推荐信是写信人向收信人推荐第三人的信函。推荐信中特别要说明被推荐人与自己的关系，并在最后着重强调被推荐人确有能力胜任被推荐的学业或工作。
首段：开篇即点明推荐谁以及推荐的理由。
主体：具体介绍被推荐人的强项及其他相关条件。
结尾：着重强调被推荐人的胜任性，并表示感谢和期待。
(2) 常用套语
开头句：
I am writing to recommend to you Miss …for thatλpost.
I have the honor to recommend to youλMiss ...
I take great pleasure inλrecommending to you Miss … as…
It is withλgreat pleasure that I write this letter of recommen dation for…
Iλstrongly recommend him with no reservation.
λAnyway I firmly believe you won’t go wrong by taking him as your student.
I have no doubt that Miss … will beλyour ideal candidate.
I am confident thatλMr…. has great pot ential for developing into a very fine scholar.
[范文]
May 5, 2005
Dear Prof. Roger,
It is with great pleasure that I write this letter of recommendation for Mr. Wu Jinhua, who can well serve as a maintenance manager.
Mr. Wu has managed his team with great success since 2002. Throughout his years with us he has consistently displayed a remarkable ability not only to cope with various tough situations and but always to complete his task ahead of schedule.
I am sorry that Mr. Wu will soon leave for some personal reasons, but I know it is important to his future. I am sure he will make even greater achievements under your supervision. I have no doubt that Mr. Yang will be your ideal candidate.
Looking forward to hearing from you soon.
Sincerely yours,
Xiao Xiao
7. 投诉信
March 15, 2005
Dear Sir,
I am happy that the refrigerator we ordered last week has arrived on time. But it is a great pity that we find there is something wrong with the refrigeration facilities.
After we used it for several days, we found that food stored in the refrigerating compartment turned bad quickly. When we finally decided to take the temperature in it, we were surprised to find it was around
15 degrees centigrade, far from the standard temperature range from zero to nine degrees centigrade.
This problem has affected our normal life. Would you please let me know whether or not you can send a repairman as soon as possible? I hope that my problem will get your kind consideration.
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·秋季学车报名升温
日语初级文法练习集
09同等学力申硕辅导
缤纷好礼送不停
09年春口译真题答案
预测09高考命题趋势
历年四级听力大汇总
Yours faithfully,
Xiao Yan
(1) 投诉信(抱怨信、批评信)是写信人向收信人表示不满的信函。写信时，要注重事实，做到客观、真实，不能掺杂主观因素;说理时，要讲究策略，有理有节;提出解决方案时，应合理合法，公平公正，尽量争取双赢的结果。
首段：提出投诉内容，也可先自我介绍。
主体：具体说明投诉的内容及其原因。
结尾：着重表达自己的要求，并可提出委婉的警告。
(2) 常用套语
开头句：
Iλam writing to complain about/that…
I amλwriting to express my extreme dissatisfaction with…
I would like to lodge a complaintλregarding...
It is a great pity that we findλthere is something wrong with…
结尾句：
I will appreciate it veryλmuch if you could…
I would be perfectlyλsatisfied if you can kindly…
I trust you willλtake my complaints seriously and…
I wouldλlike to have this matter settled by the end of…
[范文]
May 15, 2005
Dear Sir or Madam,
I am Li Li, a regular customer of your department store. I am writing to express my extreme dissatisfaction with the service in your store.
The focus of the complaint is the poor service of a saleslady at the shoe department. Two days ago I intended to buy a pair of shoes, but no one served me. To my surprise, I found 3 salesladies sitting behind the desk, talking. They just ignored my existence. When finally one of them came, she went to the length of complaining about my interrupting their talk. I was so amazed that I decided to buy my shoes elsewhere.
I trust you will take my complaints seriously so as to attract more customers, as I do think there is still much room for improvement on your service.
Sincerely yours,
Xiao Xiao
便笺(Note)
便笺是一种非正式的、简短的书信，包括请假条、借条、留言等，甚至包括非正式的邀请信和感谢信。
便笺不能像信函那么正式，无论在格式、行文、语气等方面都比较自由，不需要称呼和结尾套语。便笺往往比较口语化，甚至可用行话。因此，写便笺时，应做到言简意赅，以传递信息为主要目的。为写作方便，也可采取与左边线齐平的格式。
便笺虽说简短，但务必写清楚：
1.时间：至少应有月、日，必要的话可加上星期几，甚至可注明几点钟。
2.人名：称呼可有可无，视具体情况而定。
在职研究生招生说明会5月16日举行
第十七届在职研究生、专业硕士、MBA大型招生说明会5月16日在上海图书馆举行...
·人大传播学在职研
·浙大工程硕士报名
·上海工程技术大学
·上海师范大学自考
·商务英语考证热！
·秋季学车报名升温
日语初级文法练习集
09同等学力申硕辅导
缤纷好礼送不停
09年春口译真题答案
预测09高考命题趋势
历年四级听力大汇总
3.事由：简明扼要，以讲清楚事情为原则。
最后，还得提醒考生，一定要看清题目的字数要求。
实例
1.留言
2nd August
Xiao Zhao,
A Mr. Wang called you this morning while you were out. He said he would pick you up at 6 p.m. at
the gate. You are expected to ring him up any time in the afternoon from 13:00 to 16:00 at 138********.
Good luck.
Xiao Xiao
转告电话留言，十分简洁。
2.请假
7:00 a.m.
Dear Mrs. Cork，
I very much regret that I will be unable to take part in tomorrow’s experiment under your supervision, as I have a bad cold and run a high fever. I am enclosing herewith a certificate from my doctor, who fears it will be several days before I shall be able to resume my study. I trust my absence will not cause any inconvenience to you.
Sincerely yours,
Xiao Xiao
给老师写请假条, 因此，语言相对较正式，并加上了具体写条的时间。
3.感谢
8:00 A.M.
Dear Tiger,
Have done all my things here. Sincerely thank you for the trouble I have brought you these days. Leaving for home by 10 o’clock train this morning. This is to say good-bye to you, as I don’t want to wake you up at such early time. Will call you as soon as I arrive home. Remember me to your wife.
Yours ever,
Xiao Xiao
表示对老朋友的感谢，语言较随便，主语往往可以省略，还用了绰号。
4.预订
Hilery,
Please reserve four double rooms at Ramses II Cairo Hilton Hotel for the Chinese Tourist Group from February the Seventh to Fourteenth. They will arrive by Flight QA1233 the evening of the 7th, before 7 p.m. and depart the morning 15th, before 10 a.m. Rooms facing the Nile are preferable. If the rooms are not available, please make other plans.
Monic
预订房间，首先要求到达和离开时间的精确性，并可附带必要的条件。
5.致歉
Wednesday, 31st May
Dear Newman,
I'm sorry I couldn't make our 9 o'clock appointment, as my daughter had a fever early this morning. I had to send her to the hospital. Let’s meet late in the afternoon. If you agree, just call to tell me when and where.
Thank you.
Xiao Xiao
因故要求取消原定约会，并希望另约时间和地点。
6. 求助
June 30, Monday
Dr. Singer,
Upon receipt of this note, please go to Room 114, Foreign Guest House, where Jack Smith is seriously ill and in urgent need of your service. Immediate treatment is absolutely necessary.
Be quick and many thanks.
Jane
简短而全面，求助便条应具有的时间、地点、事情等几个要点都叙述得十分清楚。
7. 借条
July 4, Friday
Tom,
I am wondering whether I can borrow your Webster’s New World Dictionary for a couple of days. I need it very much as I am translating a short story by an important American novelist. I would, of course, be very careful of it, and see that no damage is done to it.
With many thanks from
Maria
要借的东西及原因都写得清清楚楚，并保证会完璧归赵。