Test9
For many people today, reading is no longer relaxation.To keep up their work they must read letters, reports, trade publications, interoffice communications, not to mention newspapers and magazines: a never-ending flood of words.In __1__ a job or advancing in one, the ability to read and comprehend __2__ can mean the difference between success and failure.Yet the unfortunate fact is that most of us are __3__ readers. Most of us develop poor reading __4__ at an early age, and never get over them. The main deficiency __5__ in the actual stuff of language itself-words.Taken individually, words have __6__ meaning until they are strung together into phrased, sentences and paragraphs. __7__ , however, the untrained reader does not read groups of words.He laboriously reads one word at a time, often regressing to __8__ words or passages.Regression, the tendency to look back over __9__ you have just read, is a common bad habit in reading.Another habit which __10__ down the speed of reading is vocalization—sounding each word either orally or mentally as __11__ reads.
To overcome these bad habits, some reading clinics use a device called an __12__ , which moves a bar (or curtain) down the page at a predetermined speed.The bar is set at a slightly
faster rate __13__ the reader finds comfortable, in order to “stretch”him.The accelerator forces the reader to read fast, __14__ word-by-word reading, regression and subvocalization, practically impossible. At first __15__ is sacrificed for speed.But when you learn to read ideas and concepts, you will not only read faster, __16__ your comprehension will improve. Many people have found __17__ reading skill drastically improved after some training. __18__ Charlce Au, a business manager, for instance, his reading rate was a reasonably good 172 words a minute __19__ the training,now it is an excellent 1,378 words a minute.He is delighted that how he can __20__ a lot more reading material in a short period of time. (317)
1.A.applying B.doing C.offering D.gettin g
2.A.quickly B.easily C.roughly D.decidedly
3.A.good B.curious C.poor D.urgent
4.A.training B.habits C.situations D.custom
5.A.lies https://www.doczj.com/doc/3218399015.html,bines C.touches D.involves
6.A.some B.A lot C.little D.dull
7.A.Fortunately B.In fact
C.Logically
D.Unfortunately
8.A.reuse B.reread C.rewrite D.recite
9.A.what B.which C.that D.if
10.A.scales B.cuts C.slows D.measures
11.A.some one B.one C.he D.reader
12.A.accelerator B.actor C.amplifier D.observer
13.A.then B.as C.beyond D.than
14.A.enabling B.leading C.making D.indicating
15.A.meaning https://www.doczj.com/doc/3218399015.html,prehension C.gist D.regression
16.A.but B.nor C.or D.for
17.A.our B.your C.their D.such a
18.A.Look at B.Take C.Make D.Consider
19.A.for B.in C.after D.before
20.A.master B.go over C.present D.get through
参考答案与解析：
1.【答案】D
【解析】本句意思是“谁如果想谋得一份差事”。applying需加for,意思是“申请”；B.doing做；C.offering提供此三项均不符题意，只有D.getting(获得)适合。
2.【答案】A
【解析】本句意为“快速阅读与理解的能力，是关系到成败的关键所在”只有quickly与原意吻合。easily(容易地)；roughly (粗略地)；decidedly(果断地)均与原文内容不符。
3.【答案】C
【解析】英语中，阅读速度快的人称为good reader，反之，就是poor reader。
根据上下文的内容，多数人都属于poor reader，因此选poor(差
的)。其它选项不妥。
4.【答案】B
【解析】此处的意思是“大多数人早期养成看书慢的习惯”因此选habits(习惯)。training (训练，培训)；situations(形势)；custom(风俗习惯)。
5.【答案】A
【解析】此处说的是“主要的困难在于语言的自身要素，即单词”。combines联合；touches接触；involves包括，这三项的词义与原文不符。而lies与in构成搭配，意为“在于”。
6.【答案】C
【解析】这里的意思是“如果单个地看这些字，它们并没有什么意义”。some有点；A lot许多；dull单调的。此三项不合题意。只有little(很少)是否定词，合乎逻辑。
7.【答案】D
【解析】此句意为“作者对未受过阅读训练的人的不良习惯感到遗憾”。Fortunately幸运地；In fact事实上；Logically合乎逻辑地，均不妥。Unfortunately(不幸地)合乎句义。
8.【答案】B
【解析】此句意为“在阅读时经常重读(反复读)”因此，选reread 重读。reuse再使用；Rewrite改写；recite背诵。
9.【答案】A
【解析】此处所填的词既是look back over的宾语，又是you have just read的宾语，只有what能充当这种双重成分。
10.【答案】C
【解析】scales down按比例减少；cuts down削减；此两项不合题意。measures不能与down搭配。只有slow与down搭配的意思“放慢”，在此合适。
11.【答案】B
【解析】本段前文已经出现you，在此选one(泛指人们，我们，你)来代替you。some one无此用法。如果用reader，前面应加定冠词。he不能与该段逻辑一致。
12.【答案】A
【解析】此句意为“训练快速阅读所使用的工具必然与提高阅读速度有关”，因此选accelerator (快读器)。actor演员；amplifier 放大器；observer观察者。
13.【答案】D
【解析】前面的faster决定了应当选than，构成比较级。
14.【答案】C
【解析】此句意为“快速阅读器迫使你加快阅读速度，使你再也不能逐字阅读，回顾前文内容或者默读”。enabling相当于making possible；leading引导；indicating指出，表明。都不合题意。只有making (使，使得)最合适。
15.【答案】B
【解析】这里的意思是“速读最初会影响理解”，所以选comprehension(理解力)。meaning意义，意思，指词或词组表示的意义；gist大意，要旨regression回顾
16.【答案】A
【解析】与前半句中的not only相呼应，构成句式“不仅……，而且……”，只有选but，而nor；or或for均不能构成固定用法。
17.【答案】C
【解析】本句中的主语是第三人称复数，物主代词必然是their。
18.【答案】B
【解析】take与后面的for instance构成短语，意为：“以……例”，其它三项不能构成搭配。
19.【答案】D
【解析】这里提到受训之前与受训之后进行比较，对比，因此选before。
20.【答案】D
【解析】此处意为：在较短时间内，读完众多的材料。master
掌握；go over复习；present呈现，展现；此三项均不妥；只有get through (读完)最恰当。
作文The Moonlight Clan
Nowadays, more and more people, especially the young are joining in the army of “the moonlight clan”. These people exhaust their earnings every month without any savings. Many people think this is a fashionable life style, while other people object to this kind of consumption style.
Those who support “the moonlight clan”think that “the moonlight clan”knows how to enjoy life and have a higher life quality. However, other people criticize “the moonlight clan”. They say that the consumption habit of “the moonlight clan”is unhealthy and sometimes wasteful. In addition, no savings will place “the moonlight clan”in a difficult position in case of unexpected expenses.
Weighing these two arguments, I prefer the latter one. In my eyes, though “the moonlight clan”may acquire temporary satisfaction from
their consumption, in the long term, it is unfavorable to their family and career. Just as a proverb says, one should always prepare for a rainy day.
改错
1.I replied to her that _______________ (我将会接受她的邀请).
2.She was angry with her husband ,so _____________ (她不理不睬)when he spoke to her..
3.How could we get news in our own society or abroad
______________ (没有报纸的话)?
4.The latest census shows that China's population
______________ (已超过10亿)
5.We have had ten recorders ,but we still need
____________(需要这么多)as again.
参考答案与解析：
1. I would accept her invitation
解析：本题考点一是时态的一致。由于前半句时态是replied，因此"将要"应译为would。本题考点二是"接受"的英文表达。 accept 和 receive都有表示接受的意思。receive指客观已经发生的情况。它只表明事实上收到某物而不管接受者主观上是否愿意接受。如：My father received a letter this morning. 而accept带有主动或赞许的意味，表示不但收下某物，而且内心也同意接受。如：Please accept my little present.下面这句话可以帮助大家分清两个词的使用域：He received an invitation yesterday but he did not accept it.(他昨天收到一份邀请，但却没有接受。)
2. she ignored him
解析：由句意可知，她是对丈夫生气了，因而丈夫和她说话时她不予理睬。本题要注意ignore和neglect在含义上的差别。Ignore 是故意不理睬别人，而neglect是表示疏忽(责任等)，并非故意，常和to连用，如：Don't neglect to lock the door.
3. without newspaper
解析：本句是一个与现在事实相反的虚拟语气句，虚拟语气句并
不一定全部要用if条件句引导。很多情况下，一些介词或介词短语，副词短语的出现要求整个句子使用虚拟语气。without就是其中之一。如：I couldn't have passed this exam without your help.(没有你的帮助，我不可能通过这次考试。)这句话用if条件句来表达就是I couldn't have passed this exam if I hadn't had your help. 除了without外，英语里还有很多这样的词或短语是虚拟语气标志词。如：as if，as though，lest，for fear that，in case，even if，even though，in order that，so that，大家在复习虚拟语气语法点的时候要注意总结。
4. has exceeded one billion
解析：本句意为：据最新的人口普查，中国人口已超过10亿。本题一是要正确写出数字"10亿"，二是要正确选词"超过"，三是要注意完成时态。
5. as many
解析：本题考查倍数对等的正确说法，可以用"... as +adj.
+as..."的结构。本句意为：我们已经有10台录音机了，但是我们还需要10台。
阅读
Passage 1
How to Deal With Difficult People
In New York City one day, a businesswoman got into a taxi. Because it was rush hour and she was hurrying for a train, she suggested a route. "I've been a cabby(车夫) for 15 years!" the driver yelled. "You think I don't know the best way to go?"
The woman tried to explain that she hadn't meant to offend him, but the driver kept yelling. She finally realized he was too upset to be reasonable. So she did the unexpected. "You know, you're right," she told him. "It must seem dumb for me to assume you don't know the best way through the city. "
Taken aback, the driver flashed his rider a confused look in the rear-view mirror, turned down the street she wanted and got her to the train on time. "He didn't say another word the rest of the ride," she said, "until I got out and paid him. Then he thanked me. "
When you encounter people like this cab driver, there's an
irresistible urge to dig in your heels. This can lead to prolonged arguments, soured friendships, lost career opportunities and broken marriages. As a clinical psychiatrist, I've discovered one simple but extremely unlikely principle that can prevent virtually any conflict or other difficult situation from becoming a recipe for disaster.
The key is to put yourself in the other person's shoes and look for the truth in what that person is saying. Find a way to agree. The result may surprise you.
Sulkers Steve's 14-year-old son, Adam, had been irritable for several days. When Steve asked why, Adam snapped, "Nothing's wrong! Leave me alone!" and stalked off to his room.
We all know people like this. When there's problem, they may sulk（生闷气） or act angry and refuse to talk.
So what's the solution? First, Steve needs to ask himself why Adam won't talk. Maybe the boy is worried about something that happened at school. Or he might be angry at his dad but afraid to bring it up because Steve gets defensive whenever he
is criticized. Steve can pursue these possibilities the next time they talk by saying, "I noticed you're upset, and I think it would help to get the problem out in the open. It may be hard because I haven't always listened very ? 58 ?well. If so, I feel bad because I love you and don't want to let you down. "
If Adam still refuses to talk, Steve can take a different tack: "I'm concerned about what's going on with you, but we can talk things over later, when you're more in the mood. "
This strategy allows both sides to win: Steve doesn't have to compromise on the principle that ultimately the problem needs to be talked out and resolved. Adam saves face by being allowed to withdraw for a while.
Noisy critics. Recently, I was counselling a businessman named Frank who lends to be overbearing(专横的) when he's upset. Frank told me that I was too absent-minded with money and that he shouldn't have to pay at each of our sessions. He wanted to be billed monthly.
I felt annoyed because it seemed Frank always had to have
things his way. I explained that I had tried monthly billing, but it hadn't worked because some patients didn't pay. Frank argued that he had impeccable (无可挑剔的 ) credit and knew much more about credit and billing than I did.
Suddenly I realized I was missing Frank's point. "You are right," I said. " I'm being defensive. We should focus on the problems in your life and not worry so much about money. "
Frank immediately softened and began talking about what was really bothering him, which were some personal problems. The next time we met, he handed me a check for 20 sessions in advance!
There are times, of course, when people are unreasonably abusive and you may need to just walk away from the situation. But if the problem is one that you want solved, it's important to allow the other person to keep some self-esteem. There's nearly always a grain of truth in the other person's point of view. If you acknowledge this, he or she will be less defensive and more likely to listen to you.
Complainers. Brad is a 32-year-old Detroit chiropractor
(按摩师) who recently described his frustration with a patient of his: "I ask Mr. Barry, 'How are you doing?' and he dumps out his whole life story-his family problems and his financial difficulties. I give him advice, but he ignores everything I tell him. "
Brad needs to recognize that habitual complainers usually don't want advice. They just want someone to listen and understand. So Brad might simply say : "sounds like a rough week, It's no fun to have unpaid bills, people nagging you, and this pain besides. " The complainer will usually run out of gas and stop complaining. The secret is not to give advice. Just agreeing and validating a person's point of view will make that person feel better.
Demanding friends. Difficult people aren't always -, angry or just complaining. Sometimes they are difficult because of the demands they place upon us. Maybe a friend puts you on the spot with a request to run an errand for him while he's out of town. If you have a crowded schedule, you may agree but end up angry and resentful. Or if you say no in the wrong way, your friend may feel hurt and unhappy. The problem is that, caught
off guard, you don't know how to deal with the situation in a way that avoids bad feelings.
One method I've found helpful is "punting". You're punting when you tell the person you need to think about the request and that you'll get back about it. Say a colleague calls and pressures me to give a lecture at his university. I've learned to say, "I'm flattered that you thought of me. Let me check my schedule, and I'll call you back. "
This gives me time to deal with any feelings of guilt if I have to say no. Suppose I decide it is better to decline; punting allow me to plan what I will say when I call back, "I appreciate being asked," I might indicate, "but I find I'm over-committed right now. However, I hope you'll think of me in the future. "
Responding to difficult people with patience and empathy can be tough, especially when you feel upset. But the moment you give up your need to control or be right, the other person will begin relaxing and start listening to you. The Greek philosopher Epictetus understood this when he said nearly 2,
000 years ago, "If someone criticizes you, agree at once. Mention that if only the other person knew you well, there would be more to criticize than that !"
Real communication results from a spirit of respect for yourself and for the other person. The benefits can be amazing.
1. The principle the writer has discovered to stop any conflict from going worse is to find a way to agree.
2. The taxi driver thanked the businesswoman because she was very polite to him.
3. Difficult people mentioned in the passage include those who give occasional complaints.
4. One way to deal with the person who is unreasonably abusive is to walk away from the situation.
5. If Mr. Barry had followed Brad's advice, he would
have solved all his personal problems.
6. What habitual complainers need is a good listener.
7. It will end up in unhappiness whether you have satisfied your friend's request or not.
8. You will be rewarded with a real communication if you______for others.
9. A difficult person can become a relaxing and good conversational partner if you______your control.
? 60 ?
10. According to the author, one effective way to deal with a demanding friend is______.
Passage 2
A growing world population and the discoveries of science
大学英语四级练习题单项选择题-5 1.His proposal is __A_____ to all of us and you do not need to tell us mor e about it. A.apparent B.appearing C.approaching D.apart 2.This mountain range has many high __A_____ and fertile valleys. A.peaks B.hills C.phases D.pink 3.He gave us a good __C_____ of his experience. A.demonstration B.frequency C.descripton D.instruction 4.You have your choice of three __A_____ of ice cream. A.varieties B.tops C.respects D.decks 5.This sick man was __D_____ in a blanket. A. input B.issued C.ensured D.wrapped 6.This is the military ___B_____. Nobody is allowed to get in without per mission. A.bond B.zone C.butter D.zoo 7.Rock music usually ___B____ the young people in most countries. A.applies to B.appeals to C.amazes D.actress
大学英语四级训练题参考答案
6月大学英语四级训练题参考答案作文【答案】 Living alone or Living with Roommates Nowadays, there has appeared a heated discussion among the college students as to whether they should live alone outside the campus or l ive together with other roommates in the students’ dormitory. Opinions are divided over the matter. Those who are in favor of Living alone maintain that it is very convenient to live by themselves. They can enjoy absolute freedom in a room of their own. They can have their own timetable without disturbing others. They are also free to equip the room with a personal computer so that they can have easy access to the Internet. But others argue that living with roommates has attractions of its own. With sever al students sharing the same room, each person’s experiences can be greatly enriched. They can learn a lot from talking to one another. By learning to tolerate the differences between individuals, they can become more mature. As far as I’m concerned, I pr efer to live with roommates because I love the feeling of belonging. Besides, it is a lot cheaper to live in a dorm than to rent a apartment outside the campus.
大学英语四级阅读理解基础练习题 大学英语四级老是考不好，怎么办!!为了让大家在大学能轻松过英语四级，下面是我为您收集整理的，供大家练习! Passage six(Dropouts for Ph. D. s) Educators are seriously concerned about the high rate of dropouts among the doctor of philosophy candidates and the consequent loss of talent to a nation in need of Ph. D. s. Some have placed the dropouts loss as high as 50 percent. The extent of the loss was, however, largely a matter of expert guessing. Last week a well-rounded study was published. It was published. It was based on 22,000 questionnaires sent to former graduate students who were enrolled in 24 universities and it seemed to show many past fears to be groundless. The dropouts rate was found to be 31 per cent, and in most cases the dropouts, while not completing the Ph. D. requirement, went on to productive work. They are not only doing well financially, but, according to the report, are not far below the income levels of those who went on to complete their doctorates. Discussing the study last week, Dr. Tucker said the project was
2017大学英语四级词汇练习题及答案 （58） ? 1.Lung cancer, like some other cancers, often doesn’t produce ________ until it is too late and has spread beyond the chest to the brain, liver or bones. A) trails B) therapies C) symptoms D) symbols 2.With the increasing unemployment rate, workers who are 50 to 60 years old are usually the first to be ________. A) laid off B) laid aside C) laid out D) laid up 3.The physical differences between men and women can be ________ directly to our basic roles as hunters and child-bearers. A) pursued B) traced C) switched D) followed 4.It is clear that the dog has a much greater ________ of its brain devoted to smell than is the case with humans. A) composition B) compound C) percent D) proportion 5.American college students are increasingly ________ with credit card debt and the consequences can be rather serious.
The fridge is considered necessary. It has been so since the 1960s when packaged food list appeared with the label: "Store in the refrigerator." In my fridgeless Fifties childhood, 1 was fed well and healthy. The milkman came every day, the grocer, the butcher (肉商), the baker, and the ice-cream man delivered two or three times each week. The Sunday meatwould last until Wednesday and surplus(剩余的) bread and milk became all kinds of cakes. Nothing was wasted, and we were never troubled by rotten food. Thirty years on food deliveries have ceased, fresh vegetables are almost unobtainable in the country. The invention of the fridge contributed comparatively little to the art of food preservation. Many well-tried techniques already existed -- natural cooling, drying, smoking, salting, sugaring, bottling... What refrigeration did promote was marketing --- marketing hardware and electricity, marketing soft drinks, marketing dead bodies of animals around the world in search of a good price. Consequently, most of the world’s fridges are to be found, not in the tropics where they might prove useful, but in the rich countries with mild temperatures where they are climatically almost unnecessary. Every winter, millions of fridges hum away continuously, and at vast expense, busily maintaining an artificially-cooled space inside an artificially-heated house -- while outside, nature provides the desired temperature free of charge. 1 / 4
大学英语四级阅读理解（1）We find that bright children are rarely held back by mixed-ability teaching. On the contrary, both their knowledge and experience are enriched. We feel that there are many disadvantages in streaming(把......按能力分班) pupils. It does not take into account the fact that children develop at different rates. It can have a bad effect on both the bright and the not-so-bright child. After all, it can be quite discouraging to be at the bottom of the top grade! Besides, it is rather unreal to grade people just according to their intellectual ability. This is only one aspect of their total personality. We are concerned to develop the abilities of all our pupils to the full, not just their academic ability. We also value personal qualities and social skills, and we find that mixed-ability teaching contributes to all these aspects of learning. In our classrooms, we work in various ways. The pupils often work in groups: this gives them the opportunity to learn to co-operate, to share, and to develop leadership skills. They also learn how to cope with personal problems as well as learning how to think, to make decisions, to analyse and evaluate, and to communicate effectively. The pupils learn from each other as well as from the teacher. Sometimes the pupils work in pairs; sometimes they work on individual tasks and assignments, and they can do this at their own speed. They also have some formal class teaching when this is appropriate. We encourage our pupils to use the library, and we teach them the skills they need in order to do this efficiently. An advanced pupil can do advanced work: it does not matter what age the child is. We expect our pupils to do their best, not their least, and we give them every
大学英语四级阅读40篇(1) 2/40 The economy of the United states after 1952 was the econnomy of a well-fed,almost fully employed people. Despit occasional alarms, the country escaped any postwar depression and lived in a state of boom. A n economic survey of the year 1955, a typical year of the 1950’s, may be typical as illustrating the rapid economic growth of the decade. The national output was value at 10 percent above that of 1954 (1955 output was estimated at 392 billion dollars). The production of manufacturers was about 40 percent more than it had averaged in the years immediately following World War 2. The country’s business spent about 30billion dollars for new factories and machinery. National income available for spending was almost a third greater than it had been it had been in 1950. Consumers spent about 256 billion dollars; that is about 700 million dollars a day ,or about twenty-five million dollars every hour , all round the clock. Sixty-five million people held jobs and only a little more than two million wanted jobs but could not find them . Only agriculture
大学英语四级练习题单项选择题- 5 1.Hisproposalis__A_____toallofusandyoudonotneedtotellusmoreaboutit. A.apparent B.appearing C.approaching D.apart 2.This mountain range has many high __A_____ and fertile valleys. A.peaks B.hills C.phases D.pink 3.He gave us a good __C_____ of his experience. A.demonstration B.frequency C.descripton D.instruction 4.You have your choice of three __A_____ of ice cream. A.varieties B.tops C.respects D.decks 5.This sick man was __D_____ in a blanket. A. input B.issued C.ensured D.wrapped 6.This is the military ___B_____. Nobody is allowed to get in without permission. A.bond B.zone C.butter D.zoo 7.Rock music usually ___B____ the young people in most countries. A.applies to B.appeals to C.amazes D.actress 8.Would he have seen you if you hadn’t __B_____ to him
2019大学英语四级阅读理解练习题及解析(15) There are people in Italy who can’t stand soccer. Not all Canadians love hockey. A similar situation exists in America, where there are those individuals you may be one of them who yawn or even frown when somebody mentions baseball. 『Baseball to them means boring hours watching grown men in funny tight outfits standing around in a field staring away while very little of anything happens.』① They tell you it’s a game better suited to the 19th century, slow, quiet, gentlemanly. These are the same people you may be one of them who love football because there’s the sport that glorifies “the hit”. By contrast, baseball seems abstract, cool, silent, still. On TV the game is fractured into a dozen perspectives, replays, close瞮ps. The geometry of the game, however, is essential to understanding it. You will contemplate the game from one point as a painter does his subject; you may, of course, project yourself into the game. It is in this projection that the game affords so much space and time for involvement. T he TV won’t do it for you. Take, for example, the third baseman. You sit behind the third base dugout and you watch him watching home plate. His legs are apart, knees flexed. His arms hang loose. He does a lot of this. The skeptic still cannot think of any other sports so still, so passive. 『But watch what happens every time the pitcher throws： the third baseman goes up on his toes, flexes his arms or bring the glove to a point in front
大学英语四级阅读理解试题及答案.
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3 大学英语四级阅读理解试题及答案（四） 十六 Trees should only be pruned when there is a good and clear reason for doing so and , fortunately,the number of such reasons is small. Pruning involves the cutting away of obergrown and unwanted branches, and the inexperienced gardener can be encouraged by the thought that more damage results from doing it unnecessarily than from leaving the tree to grow in its own way. First, pruning may be done to make sure that trees have a desired shape or size. The object may be to get a tree of the right height, and at the same time to help the growth of small side branches which will thicken its appearance or give it a special shape. Secondly, pruning may be done to make the tree healthier. You may cut diseaed or dead wood, or branches that are rubbing against each other and thus cause wounds. The health of a tree may be encouraged by removing branches that are blocking up the centre and so preventing the free movement of air. One result of pruning is that an open wound is left on the tree and this provides an easy entry for disease, but itis a wound that will heal. Often there is a race between the healing and the desease as to whether the tree will live or die, so that there is a period when the tree is at risk. It should be the aim of every gardener to reduce which has been pruned smooth and clean, for healing will be slowed down by roughness. You should allow the cut surface to dry for a few hurs and then paint it with one of the substances available from garden shops produced especially for this purpose. Pruning is usually without interference from the leaves and also it is very unlikely that the cuts yu make will bleed. If this does happen,it is, of course,impossible to paint them properly. 1.Pruning should be done to ______. a.make the tree grow taller
大学英语四级2017年6月阅读理解汇总 17.6.1 The method for making beer has changed over time. Hops (啤酒花)，for example, which give many a modem beer its bitter flavor, are a (26)_______ recent addition to the beverage. This was first mentioned in reference to brewing in the ninth century. Now, researchers have found a (27)_______ingredient in residue (残留物）from 5,000-year-old beer brewing equipment. While digging two pits at a site in the central plains of China, scientists discovered fragments from pots and vessels. The different shapes of the containers (28)_______ they were used to brew, filter, and store beer. They may be ancient “beer-making tools,”and the earliest (29_______ evidence of beer brewing in China, the researchers reported in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. To (30)_______ that theory, the team examined the yellowish, dried (31)_______ inside the vessels. The majority of the grains, about 80%, were from cereal crops like barley (大麦),and about 10% were bits of roots, (32)_______lily,which would have made the beer sweeter, the scientists
大学英语四级阅读理解试题及答案（四）十六 Trees should only be pruned when there is a good and clear reason for doing so and , fortunately,the number of such reasons is small. Pruning involves the cutting away of obergrown and unwanted branches, and the inexperienced gardener can be encouraged by the thought that more damage results from doing it unnecessarily than from leaving the tree to grow in its own way. First, pruning may be done to make sure that trees have a desired shape or size. The object may be to get a tree of the right height, and at the same time to help the growth of small side branches which will thicken its appearance or give it a special shape. Secondly, pruning may be done to make the tree healthier. You may cut diseaed or dead wood, or branches that are rubbing against each other and thus cause wounds. The health of a tree may be encouraged by removing branches that are blocking up the centre and so preventing the free movement of air. One result of pruning is that an open wound is left on the tree and this provides an easy entry for disease, but itis a wound that will heal. Often there is a race between the healing and the desease as to whether the tree will live or die, so that there is a period when the tree is at risk. It should be the aim of every gardener to reduce which has been pruned smooth and clean, for healing will be slowed down by roughness. You should allow the cut surface to dry for a few hurs and then paint it with one of the substances available from garden shops produced especially for this purpose. Pruning is usually without interference from the leaves and also it is very unlikely that the cuts yu make will bleed. If this does happen,it is, of course,impossible to paint them properly. 1.Pruning should be done to ______. a.make the tree grow taller
大学英语四级阅读理解试题 Many people believe the glare from snow causes snowblindnenss. Yet, dark glasses or not , they find themselves suffering from headaches and watering eyes,and even snowblindness,when exposed to several hours of "snow light" . The United States Army has now determined that glare from snow does not cause snowblindness in troops in a snow- covered , a man's eyes frequently find nothing to foucs on in a broad expanse of barren snow-covered terrain. So his gaze continually shifts and jumps back and forth over the entire landscape in search of tsomething to look at. Finding nothing, hour after hour, the eyes never sotp searching and the eyeballs become sore and the eye muscles ache. Nature offsets this irritation by producing more and fluid which covers the eyeball. The fluid coversthe eyeball in increasing quantity until vision blurs, then is obsured,and the result is total, even though temporary,snowblindness. Experiments led the Army to a simple method of overcoming this problem. Scouts ahead of a main body of troops are
As the pace of life continues to increase ,we are fast losing the art of relaxation. Once you are in the habit of rushing through lift,being on the go from morning till night, it is hard to slow down. But relaxation is essential for a healthy mind and body. Stress is an natural part of everyday lift and there is no way to avoid it. In fact ,it is not the bad thing it is often supposed to be .A certain amount of stress is vital to provide motivation adn give purpose to life. It is only when the stress gets out of control that it can lead to poor performance and ill health. The amount of stress a person can withstand depends very much on the individual. Some people are not afraid of stress,and such characters are obviously prime material for managerial responsibilities. Others lose heart at the first signs of unusual difficulties. When exposed to stress,in whatever form,we react both chemically and physically. In fact we make choice between "fight" or "flight" and in more primitive days the choice made the difference between life or death. The crises we meet today are unlikely to be so extreme,but however little the stress,it involves the same response. It is when such a reaction lasts long,through continued exposure to stress,that health becomes endangered.Such serious conditions as high blood pressure and heart disease have established links with stress.Since we cannot remove stress from our lives(it would be unwise to do so even if we could),we need to find ways to deal with it. 1.People are finding less and less time for relaxing themselves because_____. a.they do not know how to enjoy themselves b.they do not believe that relaxation is important for health c.they are travelling fast all the time d.they are becoming busier with their work 2.According to the writer ,the most important character for a good manager is his ________. a.not fearing stress b.knowing the art of relaxation c.high sense of responsibility d.having control over performance 3.Which of the follwing statements is ture? a.We can find some ways to avoid stress b.Stress is always harmful to people