SEPTEMBER 15-18
THE SENATOR COURSE
TOURNAMENT DIRECTORY
EVENT STAFF
Jonathan Romeo Tournament Director
John Marovich Vice President, Golf (Bruno Event Team)
George Shaw Director of Operations
Anna Lacy Hale Director of Sales
Selina Maddox Volunteer Coordinator
Carrie Coleman Pro-Am Coordinator
Barbara Thomas Senior Vice President of Marketing and Advertising
Bill Lang Director of Public Relations
Elizabeth Hard Public Relations and Social Media
John Cannon President, Sunbelt Golf Corporation
Mike Beverly Director of Golf, Capitol Hill
Will Fisher Head Golf Professional, Capitol Hill
Robert Wingo Director of Golf Course Maintenance, Capitol Hill Jonathan Hoomes Webmaster
MEDIA CONTACTS
ROBERT TRENT JONES GOLF TRAIL AT CAPITOL HILL
Bill Lang Phone: 205.965.9574
Public Relations Email: https://www.doczj.com/doc/3c17902277.html,ng@https://www.doczj.com/doc/3c17902277.html,
Barbara Thomas Phone: 205.298.7360
Marketing and Advertising Email: bthomas@https://www.doczj.com/doc/3c17902277.html,
NAVISTAR INTERNATIONAL MARkETING
Mike Cerilli Phone: 630.753.2229
Navistar Marketing Email: michael.cerilli@https://www.doczj.com/doc/3c17902277.html,
David Droll Phone: 630.753.6908
Navistar Marketing Email: david.droll@https://www.doczj.com/doc/3c17902277.html,
LPGA TOUR
Kelly Thesier Phone: 810.599.6492
Media Official Email: kelly.thesier@https://www.doczj.com/doc/3c17902277.html,
MEDIA CREDENTIALS
To apply for media credentials for the Navistar LPGA Classic presented by Monaco RV, visit https://www.doczj.com/doc/3c17902277.html, and click on the media credentialing link. If you have any questions on the tournament or the credentialing process, please contact Bill Lang at 205.298.7128 or at https://www.doczj.com/doc/3c17902277.html,ng@https://www.doczj.com/doc/3c17902277.html,.
COMMITTEE CHAIRPERSONS
PERSON COMMITTEE
Jack Bradford Player Support
Greg Brannon Clubhouse
Robert Branyon Scoring Operations
Eddie Caldwell Practice Areas
Keith Cantrell Junior Clinic
John Castor Walking Scorers
Ken Copeland Marshals
Frank Daniel Driving Range/Caddies
Larry Deavers Marshals
Darlene Dixon Scoring Tent
Danny Durbin Product Delivery
Jimmie Durbin Product Delivery
Susan Francis Locker Room
Amy Friar Volunteer Village
Sherry Gilliard Volunteer Support
Hootie Gipson Course Operations
Jan Hoffman Media
Thomas Irvin A Team
Dick Jones Starter/Announcer
Kathy Kelley Pro-Am
Bart Leswick Marshals
David Lewis Transportation
Elizabeth Lee Shuttle
Walt Livingston Shuttle
Kleob Loflin Shuttle
Amy Lyles TV Scorers/Spotters
Joe Mathis Sponsor Support
Jon Mantay Caddies
Ron Mitchell Leaderboards
Tommy McKinnon Medical
Terry Mullins Transportation
Christopher Perry Scoring Central/Communications Dan Power Spectator Entry
Sally Stevens Player Registration
Hattie Robinson Sponsor Hospitality
Dave Russell Standard Bearers
Blake Thompson Scoring Central/Communications Hays Thompson Travel Specialist
Phil Tremmel Player Support
Dick Vaughn Walking Scorers
Micheal Wilson Parking
Michelle Wilson Tournament Office Manager
2011 NAVISTAR LPGA CLASSIC FACT SHEET
TOURNAMENT DATES:September 15—18, 2011
LOCATION:Robert Trent Jones Golf Trail at Capitol Hill
2600 Constitution Avenue
Prattville, AL 36066
PURSE:$1.3 million
TOURNAMENT CHARITY:Wounded Warrior Project
FIELD:144 LPGA Professionals
FORMAT:72-hole stroke play (four rounds)
LPGA JUNIOR CLINIC:Tuesday, September 13 at 10:00 AM
NAVISTAR LPGA PRO-AM:Wednesday, September 14
7:00 am -7:00 pm
TOURNAMENT PLAY:Thursday, September 15 at 7:00 AM approximately
Friday, September 16 at 7:00 AM approximately
Saturday, September 17 at 8:00 AM approximately
Sunday, September 18 at 8:00 AM approximately
TICkETS:Skybox Club - $100 per day
Daily Passes (for any day) - Free, courtesy of Navistar
Club 64 - Open to Public
TITLE SPONSOR:Navistar, Inc.
PRESENTING SPONSOR:Monaco RV
TOURNAMENT OWNER/OPERATOR:RTJ Golf Trail Foundation/Sunbelt Golf Corporation All Times are Central and Subject to Change
SCHEDULE OF EVENTS
MONDAY, SEPTEMBER 12
8:00 AM Monday Pro-Am
LPGA Player Registration
1:00 PM LPGA Qualifier (Senator Course)
2:30 PM Morgan Pressel Girls Golf Clinic—Ross Bridge in Birmingham
TUESDAY, SEPTEMBER 13
7:00 AM LPGA Practice rounds begin (Senator Course)
10:00 AM Junior Clinic conducted by LPGA (Driving Range)
3:30 PM Jennifer Johnson plays golf with Wounded Warriors
WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 14
6:50 AM* Navistar LPGA Classic Pro-Am,
start off both #1 & #10 tee (Senator Course)
11:50 AM* 2nd wave to start off of both #1 & #10 tee (Senator Course)
THURSDAY, SEPTEMBER 15
7:00 AM* First Round
Golf Channel coverage (11:30 am—1:30 pm)
FRIDAY, SEPTEMBER 16
7:00 AM* Second Round
Golf Channel coverage (11:30 am—1:30 pm)
SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 17
6:30 AM Gates Open to the Public
8:00 AM* Third Round
Golf Channel coverage (1:00 pm—4:00 pm)
9:00 AM—4:00 PM Tire Pro Kids Zone (near driving range)
SUNDAY, SEPTEMBER 18 MILITARY APPRECIATION DAY
6:30 AM Gates Open to the Public
7:00 AM Non-denominational Worship Service
8:00 AM* Championship Round
Golf Channel coverage (1:00 pm—4:00 pm)
4:00 PM* Recognition of American and European Solheim Cup
Teams--18th Green
9:00 AM—4:00 PM Tire Pro Kids Zone (near driving range)
*approximate
All Times are Central and Subject to Change
NAVISTAR LPGA CLASSIC PRESENTED
BY MONACO RV 2010 GENERAL
TOURNAMENT INFORMATION
TOURNAMENT DATES:October 7 – October 10, 2010
LOCATION:Robert T rent Jones Golf T rail at Capitol Hill, The Senator
2600 Constitution Avenue
Prattville, AL 36066
PURSE:$1.3 million
FIELD:145 LPGA Professionals and 3 amateurs
CUT:82 Professionals and 1 amateur at 144 (E)
PAR:36-36, 72
YARDS:6,546
LEADERS:
FIRST ROuND – Cristie Kerr, 65 (-7); one shot lead over Dorothy Delasin, Anna Nordqvist, Morgan Pressel SECOND ROuND – Cristie Kerr, Mika Miyazato, Na Yeon Choi, 132 (-12); one-shot lead over Brittany Lincicome
THIRD ROuND – Cristie Kerr, 199 (-17): three-shot lead over Katherine Hull, Na Yeon Choi
LOW 9: 30 (-6), Na Yeon Choi, 2nd round; Cristie Kerr, 3rd round; Lindsey Wright, 4th round
LOW 18: 63 (-9), Mika Moyazato, 2nd round; Lindsey Wright, 4th round
WEATHER:
Sunny, warm, breezy and pleasant with temperatures ranging from the high 70s to low 90s throughout the tournament.
1 Katherine Hull 68-67-67-67 269 $195,000
2 Brittany Lincicome 67-66-72-65 270 $119,198 T
3 Na Yeon Choi 68-64-70-69 271 $76,680 T3 Cristie Kerr 65-67-67-72 271 $76,680 T5 Lindsey Wright 72-70-67-63 272 $44,920 T5 Amy Yang 68-66-72-66 272 $44,920 T5 Se Ri Pak 69-67-67-69 272 $44,920 T8 Anna Nordqvist 66-70-68-69 273 $29,258 T8 Hee Young Park 69-67-67-70 273 $29,258 T8 Mika Miyazato 69-63-71-70 273 $29,258 11 Haeji Kang 68-68-67-71 27
4 $24,471 T12 Laura Diaz 69-68-70-68 27
5 $21,448 T12 Vicky Hurst 67-68-71-69 275 $21,448 T12 Wendy Ward 70-67-67-71 275 $21,448 15 Giulia Sergas 67-68-70-71 27
6 $18,924 T16 Alison Walshe 68-70-73-66 27
7 $16,641 T16 Paula Creamer 71-69-66-71 277 $16,641 T16 Sun Young Yoo 71-69-65-72 277 $16,641 T16 Alexis Thompson 69-68-68-72 277 $16,641 T20 Azahara Munoz 72-69-69-6
8 278 $13,471 T20 Amy Hung 71-71-67-6
9 278 $13,471 T20 Alena Sharp 69-68-72-69 278 $13,471 T20 Morgan Pressel 66-73-69-70 278 $13,471 T20 Jee Young Lee 68-70-70-70 278 $13,471 T20 Shi Hyun Ahn 69-70-68-71 278 $13,471 T20 Nicole Hage 70-68-69-71 278 $13,471 T27 Meena Lee 70-68-70-71 279 $11,322 T27 Ai Miyazato 70-69-68-72 279 $11,322 T29 Katie Futcher 70-72-70-68 280 $9,472 T29 Beatriz Recari 72-69-70-69 280 $9,472 T29 Louise Friberg 68-70-72-70 280 $9,472 T29 Cindy Lacrosse 69-70-70-71 280 $9,472 T29 Eun-Hee Ji 68-67-73-72 280 $9,472 T29 Brittany Lang 75-66-66-73 280 $9,472 T29 Paola Moreno 70-67-70-73 280 $9,472 T36 Jane Park 71-71-69-70 281 $7,104 T36 M.J. Hur 70-69-71-71 281 $7,104 T36 Mhairi McKay 69-69-72-71 281 $7,104 T36 Sandra Gal 70-70-69-72 281 $7,104 T36 Sherri Steinhauer 69-68-72-72 281 $7,104 T36 Karrie Webb 70-69-69-73 281 $7,104 T36 Heather Bowie Young 70-69-68-74 281 $7,104 T43 Na On Min 71-69-69-73 282 $5,764
T43 Jin Young Pak 68-69-71-74 282 $5,764 T43 Irene Cho 68-68-72-74 282 $5,764 T46 Shanshan Feng 70-71-74-68 283 $4,568 T46 Sarah Jane Smith 72-70-71-70 283 $4,568 T46 Karen Stupples 70-72-71-70 283 $4,568 T46 Christina Kim 67-73-73-70 283 $4,568 T46 Stephanie Louden 72-68-72-71 283 $4,568 T46 Seon Hwa Lee 70-71-70-72 283 $4,568 T46 Leah Wigger 73-67-71-72 283 $4,568 T46 Becky Morgan 69-70-72-72 283 $4,568 T46 Katie Kempter 71-69-70-73 283 $4,568 T46 Allison Fouch 69-68-71-75 283 $4,568 T56 Marisa Baena 71-71-70-72 284 $3,719 T56 Karine Icher 72-65-71-76 284 $3,719 T58 Jessica Shepley 73-69-72-71 285 $3,302 T58 Kris Tamulis 72-69-72-72 285 $3,302 T58 In-Kyung Kim 72-70-70-73 285 $3,302 T58 Natalie Gulbis 69-72-71-73 285 $3,302 T58 Angela Stanford 71-69-70-75 285 $3,302 T63 Michele Redman 71-71-71-73 286 $3,002 T63 Samantha Richdale 72-69-70-75 286 $3,002 T63 Dorothy Delasin 66-73-71-76 286 $3,002 T66 Moira Dunn 69-71-76-71 287 $2,773 T66 Gwladys Nocera 72-70-73-72 287 $2,773 T66 Young-A Yang 72-70-73-72 287 $2,773 T66 Ilhee Lee 71-71-70-75 287 $2,773 T70 Mina Harigae 71-71-75-71 288 $2,561 T70 Jean Reynolds 70-69-76-73 288 $2,561 T70 Jeong Jang 74-67-72-75 288 $2,561 T70 Meaghan Francella 70-71-72-75 288 $2,561
74 Soo-Yun Kang 70-71-75-74 290 $2,479
75 Silvia Cavalleri 67-73-76-76 292 $2,449
76 Christi Cano 69-73-77-74 293 $2,419
MISSED THE CUT:
Louise Stahle 75-68 143 CuT Leta Lindley 74-69 143 CuT Beth Bader 73-70 143 CuT Lorie Kane 73-70 143 CuT Yoo Kyeong Kim 71-72 143 CuT Jimin Kang 71-72 143 CuT Stacy Lewis 70-73 143 CuT
Karin Sjodin 70-73 143 CuT Sarah Kemp 69-74 143 CuT Maria Hernandez 77-67 144 CuT Laura Davies 75-69 144 CuT Hee-Won Han 75-69 144 CuT Kristy McPherson 74-70 144 CuT Whitney Wade 74-70 144 CuT Jennifer Rosales 73-71 144 CuT Pat Hurst 73-71 144 CuT Misun Cho 73-71 144 CuT Dina Ammaccapane 72-72 144 CuT Lisa Meldrum 71-73 144 CuT Ji Young Oh 70-74 144 CuT Amanda Blumenherst 74-71 145 CuT Pernilla Lindberg 73-72 145 CuT Reilley Rankin 72-73 145 CuT Sarah Lee 71-74 145 CuT Meredith Duncan 71-74 145 CuT Tania Elosegui 70-75 145 CuT Mariajo uribe 68-77 145 CuT Nicole Jeray 78-68 146 CuT Mi Hyun Kim 74-72 146 CuT Stacy Prammanasudh 73-73 146 CuT Janice Moodie 73-73 146 CuT Maria Hjorth 70-76 146 CuT Mindy Kim 70-76 146 CuT Taylor Leon 75-72 147 CuT Chella Choi 75-72 147 CuT Sophie Gustafson 74-73 147 CuT Mallory Blackwelder 74-73 147 CuT Jennifer Johnson 73-74 147 CuT Song Yi Choi 73-74 147 CuT Michelle Ellis 73-74 147 CuT Jill McGill 72-75 147 CuT Ilmi Chung 72-75 147 CuT Jamie Hullett 71-76 147 CuT Gloria Park 70-77 147 CuT Jimin Jeong 78-70 148 CuT Paige Mackenzie 75-73 148 CuT Allison Hanna 75-73 148 CuT Julieta Granada 73-75 148 CuT Libby Smith 73-75 148 CuT Aree Song 72-76 148 CuT
Christine Song 72-76 148 CuT
Ashli Bunch 76-73 149 CuT
Lisa Strom 76-73 149 CuT
Mikaela Parmlid 75-74 149 CuT
Tanya Dergal 78-72 150 CuT
Liz Janangelo 76-74 150 CuT
Candie Kung 77-74 151 CuT
Cathryn Bristow 74-77 151 CuT
Russy Gulyanamitta 72-79 151 CuT
Jeehae Lee 72-79 151 CuT
Diana D'Alessio 81-72 153 CuT
Minea Blomqvist 79-74 153 CuT
Marianne Skarpnord 75-78 153 CuT
Brandie Burton 80-75 155 CuT
Anna Rawson 79-77 156 CuT
Adrienne White 80-78 158 CuT
Kelli Kuehne 83-79 162 CuT
Angela Park 83-87 170 CuT
HISTORY
Year Player Score Course Purse Winner’s share 2007 Maria Hjorth 274 (-14) RTJ Golf Trail at Capitol Hill $1,300,000 $195,000
*2008 Lorena Ochoa 273 (-15) RTJ Golf Trail at Capitol Hill $1,400,000 $210,000 2009 Lorena Ochoa 270 (-18) RTJ Golf Trail at Capitol Hill $1,300,000 $195,000 2010 Katherine Hull 269 (-19) RTJ Golf Trail at Capitol Hill $1,300,000 $195,000
Formerly Navistar LPGA Classic, 2007; Navistar LPGA Classic Presented by MaxxForce, 2008.
TOURNAMENT RECORD
2007 63 (-9), Stacy Prammanasudh, 1st round, RTJ Golf Trail, Capitol Hill, The Senator
63 (-9), Amy Hung, Angela Park, 4th round, RTJ Golf Trail, Capitol Hill, The Senator
2008 63 (-9), Maria Hjorth, 3rd round, RTJ Golf Trail, Capitol Hill, The Senator
2009 63 (-9), Yani Tseng, 2nd round, RTJ Golf Trail, Capitol Hill, The Senator
2010 63 (-9), Mika Miyazato, 2nd round, RTJ Golf Trail, Capitol Hill, The Senator
63 (-9), Lindsey Wright, 4th round, RTJ Golf Trail, Capitol Hill, The Senator
* Won sudden-death playoff
WHITE LINE YARDAGE
HOLE PAR YARDAGE LOCATION
1 4 370 Back of 3rd tee from rear
2 3 165 Even with yardage marker; 2nd tee from rear
3 4 390 Back of 2nd tee from rear
4 4 369 Back of 3rd tee from rear on right
5 5 517 Back of 2nd tee from front
6 4 385 Even with yardage marker; 2nd tee from rear
7 3 174 Back of 2nd tee from rear (on left side)
8 5 *530 Rear tee
9 4 376 Even with yardage marker; 3rd tee from rear
OUT 36 3276
10 5 547 Back of 3rd tee from rear (on left side)
11 4 400 Even with yardage marker; 2nd tee from rear
12 4 391 Even with yardage marker; 3rd tee from rear
13 3 163 Back of 3rd tee from rear (top of hill)
14 4 363 Back of 4th tee from rear
15 4 389 Even with yardage marker; 3rd tee from rear
16 3 152 5 paces behind yardage marker; 3rd tee from rear
17 5 515 Back of 2nd tee from rear
**487 Back of 3rd tee from rear
18 4 411 3 paces behind yardage marker; 2nd tee from rear
**375 Back of 3rd tee from rear
IN 36 3331
TOTAL 72 6607
NOTE: Please save a minimum of 12-15 yards on each tee, forward of this yardage, or the entire teeing ground, if possible.
*Change for 2010
**Both tees were used in 2009 based on Hole Locations and conditions
NAVISTAR COMPANY INFORMATION
With roots dating back more than 175 years to Cyrus McCormick, few companies have played such a significant role in America’s rise to global economic leadership as Navistar. A world leader in transportation solutions, Navistar is comprised of some of the most recognized names in commercial vehicles, powertrains, service and support. Navistar companies and brands include International? trucks, MaxxForce? engines, IC Bus?, Workhorse, Navistar Parts, Navistar Defense, Navistar Financial and now, Monaco RV.
VEHICLES
Navistar is the North American leader in medium duty trucks, a leader in hybrid diesel technology and the manufacturer of the International? ProStar? tractor, the most aerodynamic long-haul on the road. In addition, the company’s International? LoneStar? tractor is the only manufacturer to have two class 8 tractors to receive SmartWay certification from the EPA. IC Bus?, the North American leader in school buses, delivers more than 60% of the new school buses on the road today and is also the first manufacturer to develop and deliver hybrid school buses. Workhorse is on the leading edge of chassis manufacturing for motor homes, walk-in trucks and buses due to its quick-to-market, customer-driven approach. It is the only chassis manufacturer to offer both gas and diesel options in the walk-in truck and Class A motor home markets. Navistar also has a long and proud tradition of protecting the men and women who protect us. Navistar Defense is ranked 37th on the Government Executive list of 100 Top Defense Contractors. The company provides International? MaxxPro? Mine Resistant Ambush Protected (MRAP) MXT? vehicles that help protect u.S. and Allied forces from improvised explosive devices and other in-theater threats.
POWERTRAINS
Navistar is also a leading manufacturer of diesel engines, building them in their Alabama and Illinois plants. In North America, Navistar has 50% share of the market in diesel pickup truck engines and 40% of the medium-duty commercial truck and bus market. In South America, they account for nearly 40% of all diesel engines produced. Not only do their MaxxForce brand engines deliver outstanding fuel economy and power in each engine class they produce, Navistar is the only manufacturer offering MaxxForce Advanced EGR, the no-hassle technology that meets strict EPA 2010 emissions requirements.
SERVICES
Navistar supports these vehicle and engine brands through Navistar Parts and Navistar Financial. Navistar Parts distributes through the largest dealer network in the industry. Navistar Financial is a leader in providing the tools to make it possible for people to buy or lease the vehicles they need. It’s true that few other companies have played as important a part in the emergence of America as an economic leader in 20th century. But what is perhaps more relevant and today, is that few companies are better positioned to fuel America’s economic growth into the future. Navistar is proud to support Alabama and the LPGA through the Navistar LPGA Classic. For more information, visit https://www.doczj.com/doc/3c17902277.html,.
MONACO RV COMPANY INFORMATION
Monaco RV, a Navistar company, is proud to be the presenting sponsor for the 2011 Navistar LPGA Classic. Monaco RV is a leading manufacturer of motorized and towable recreational vehicles, dedicated to quality and service. We offer innovative, state-of-the-art RVs designed to meet the needs of a broad range of customers with varied interests, with a full line of products that appeal to RVers across generations.
Headquartered in Coburg, Oregon, with substantial manufacturing facilities in Indiana, Monaco RV produces a variety of RVs, including: travel trailers and fifth wheels; Class C gasoline and diesel motorhomes; and Class A gasoline and diesel motorhomes. From value-packed entry-level models to top-of-the-line custom-made luxury models, all under a roster of prominent brand names, Monaco RV offers something for everyone.
The Monaco Vesta, a new mid-sized motorcoach for shorter, everyday recreation, is the first motorcoach jointly developed by Monaco and Navistar. The result is a sleek front-engine coach with a low center of gravity, air bag suspension and a tapered rear section. There’s also a very distinctive and stylish grille design that will help Monaco-spotters identify the Vesta from across the campground.
For more information about Monaco RV, visit https://www.doczj.com/doc/3c17902277.html,
TITLE SPONSOR BACkGROUND,
PRODUCTS/SERVICES - NAVISTAR
? Headquartered in Warrenville, Ill., Navistar International Corporation is a holding company whose subsidiaries and affiliates produce International? brand commercial and military trucks, MaxxForce? brand diesel engines, IC Bus? brand school and commercial buses, Monaco? RV brands of recreational vehicles, and Workhorse? brand chassis for motor homes and step vans. The company also provides truck and diesel engine service parts. Another affiliate offers financing services.
? Cyrus McCormick, the inventor of the harvester machine, founded the company, formerly known as International Harvester, in 1831. In 1907, Navistar produced the first gasoline-powered car and, in 1933, it produced the first diesel engine. In 1985, International Harvester was renamed Navistar, and narrowed its focus to the truck and engine sectors.
? With more than 15,000 employees and facilities on five continents—including North America, South America, Europe, Africa, Asia and Australia—Navistar has the power to provide the most strategic and innovative technology solutions to customers, no matter where they are.
? The company's products, parts, and services are sold through a network of nearly 1,000 dealer outlets in the united States, Canada, Brazil and Mexico and more than 60 dealers in 90 countries in other parts of the world.
? Navistar is ranked #204 on the Fortune 500 list of largest companies.
? Navistar is one of the largest defense contractors in the United States.
? Navistar has been a partner of the LPGA since 2007.
TITLE SPONSOR TOURNAMENT OBJECTIVES – “WHY NAVISTAR SPONSORS THE EVENT”
? Navistar sponsors the event to strengthen its brand awareness, give back to a community where it does business, and deepen relationships with its key customers, dealers, suppliers and business partners. ? The home of two of the company’s engine plants, Alabama is an important place of business for Navistar. ? The event is used for relationship building for Navistar associates.
TITLE SPONSOR MESSAGE POINTS / INTERESTING FACTS
? For their customers, Navistar means: better, smarter, tougher, more efficient and productive ways of doing business. It’s a relationship built on unparalleled experience, and unmatched support, all designed to propel customer business reliably forward.
? In 2003, Navistar, Inc. started Navistar Defense, LLC, to answer the U.S. government’s request for armored and unarmored military vehicles. With annual sales of more than $2 billion to the u.S. military and allies, Navistar has gained tremendous momentum as a leader in producing and servicing top-quality military vehicles.
? Navistar is a proud supporter of the Wounded Warrior Project, which seeks to raise awareness and enlist the public’s aid for the needs of injured service members, to help men and women aid and assist each other, and to provide unique, direct programs and services to meet their needs.
kEY ExECUTIVE BIOS:
daniel ustian
Chairman, President and CeO, Navistar international Corporation
Since becoming CEO in 2003 and chairman in 2004, Dan ustian has led Navistar’s product and business transformation, which has included a rapidly growing military business, a global expansion, the extension of the company’s engine business into the big bore range and breakthrough product introductions in the heavy truck segment.
This same kind of forward thinking has resulted in a unique solution to meet 2010 u.S. EPA emissions standards: Advanced EGR technology—a customer-friendly approach to reduce greenhouse gas emissions while still offering improved fuel efficiency.
Before being named CEO, ustian served as president and chief operating officer starting in 2002, overseeing the company’s truck and engine operations and participating in the development of the company’s future strategic direction. He previously served as head of Navistar’s Engine Group, as well as group vice president and general manager of Engine and Foundry. He also held a number of manufacturing and financial positions since joining the company in 1973.
ustian is a member of the board of trustees of Chicago’s DePaul university. He also is a member of the Business Roundtable, the Business Council, the Society of Automotive Engineers, the American Foundry Association and the Executives Club of Chicago. In addition, he is a member of the AGCO board of directors.
archie massicotte
President, Navistar defense, LLC
Archie Massicotte is president of Navistar Defense, LLC, maker of International? brand military trucks and an operating unit of Navistar International Corporation. In this capacity Massicotte manages all worldwide military and governmental business.
Massicotte has transformed the Military business from an incidental business to a full-service organization. Navistar Defense has designed and built trucks for use in Iraq, Afghanistan, Taiwan, for the u.S. Army and u.S. Marine Corps. Navistar has also provided armored products to the Government of Israel – Ministry of Defense and government contractors.
Massicotte has more than 30 years of experience with Navistar and has been instrumental to the growth of the company to its current position as worldwide leader in the sale of medium (Class 5-7) trucks and mid-size diesel engines.
William (Bill) Osborne
Vice President, Custom Products, Navistar international Corporation
As vice president of Custom Products, Bill Osborne has accountability for Navistar’s Monaco RV and Workhorse chassis businesses.
In 2009, Osborne was appointed to Navistar’s Board of Directors, where he served as a member of the board’s finance committee. He resigned his board position in 2011 to assume his current role. Before joining Navistar, Osborne spent more than 30 years in the automotive industry, most recently as president and chief executive officer of Federal Signal Corporation.
Prior to joining Federal Signal in 2008, Osborne served in a number of senior-level positions with Ford Motor Company, including president and CEO of Ford Australia. Previously, he also served as president and CEO of Ford Canada. Osborne’s earlier assignments included a variety of roles in product design, development and engineering. Before his career at Ford, Osborne held positions at Chrysler and GM
Jim Hebe
Vice President, North american Sales, Navistar international Corporation
Jim Hebe, a distinguished trucking industry leader who began his career with Navistar, rejoined the truck group of Navistar International Corporation as senior vice president, North American sales operations in 2008. In his current role, Hebe is responsible for North American sales, dealer operations and central sales administration.
Hebe first joined Navistar in 1971, as a management trainee, and later became a heavy truck salesman for International trucks. He rejoined Navistar after serving as president and dealer principal of Co-Van/ Cascadia International, LLC.
Hebe has led with distinction in a variety of roles in the trucking industry. He served as chairman, president and chief executive officer of Freightliner for nine years. After leaving Freightliner in 2002, Hebe became head of Seagrave Fire Apparatus, LLC in Clintonville, Wis. He returned to the trucking industry in 2006, when he became dealer principal of Co-Van/Cascadia.
BACkGROUNDER ON NAVISTAR DEFENSE, LLC
MILITARY HISTORY
Beginning in 1902 as a company producing equipment for farmers and truckers, Navistar was then adapted in 1918 to produce military vehicles for World War I efforts. By 1941, when the u.S. entered World War II, Navistar, known as International Harvester Corporation at the time, shifted all of its product focus to military vehicles for the Allies.
During World War II, International Harvester produced the M-series of military trucks that served the Marine Corps and the u.S. Navy as weapons carriers, cargo transporters and light artillery movement. The company’s vehicles earned a reputation for traversing sandy beachheads under fire, carrying overcapacity loads and spending months slogging through tough jungle conditions. Today, Navistar produces International? brand military vehicles through its affiliate Navistar Defense, LLC.
INTERNATIONAL MILITARY VEHICLES LINE-UP
The company applies its commercial truck engineering and manufacturing expertise to provide cost effective solutions to the production of military vehicles.
The current military vehicle line-up includes International? MaxxPro? MRAP (Mine Resistant Ambush Protected) family of vehicles, MXT? family of vehicle, 4000-MV, 7000-MV, 5000-MV, Heavy Haul Armored Tractor, Armored Personnel Carrier (APC) and the BAE Systems-Navistar Joint Light Tactical Vehicle (JLTV).
INTERNATIONAL MAxxPRO
The International MaxxPro Mine Resistant Ambush Protected (MRAP) vehicle includes a V-shape hull design, coupled with armor and other survivability features, to provide troops with an increased level of protection against ballistic arms fire, mine blasts, IEDs, and nuclear, biological, and chemical environments threatening the safety of its crew. Armoring flexibility allows upgrades to achieve a mission’s appropriate level of protection. Navistar’s proven severe service platform means quality, durability and reliability delivered promptly to the battlefield.
INTERNATIONAL MxT - TACTICAL SUPPORT VEHICLE (TSV)
Designed specifically to meet u.K. urgent operation requirements, this vehicle provides added mobility to handle the rough terrain in Afghanistan while still offering MRAP-like protection from ballistics fire, mine blasts and roadside bombs.
MILITARY COMMERCIAL OFF THE SHELF (MILCOTS) VEHICLES
Navistar leverages its commercial engineering, manufacturing to create, modify and deliver customized vehicles to its customers. utilizing its commercial International WorkStar? (known as 7000-MV) and PayStar? (5000-MV) vehicles, the company produces vehicles such as general troop transporters, cargo trucks, water tankers, fuel trucks, recovery vehicles, heavy equipment transporter trucks and more.
NOTABLE ACCOMPLISHMENTS
Beginning in 2007, Navistar has helped support u.S. and allied efforts in Iraq and Afghanistan by providing 7,589 MaxxPro MRAP vehicles - more than a third of industry-wide orders. Navistar is currently integrating the DXM independent suspension solution onto new vehicles in production, as well as retrofitting vehicles in theater. Approximately 2,352 MaxxPro vehicles will soon have the DXM suspension.
The company continues to support the u.S. and allied forces through the delivery of its MilCOTS vehicles. In May 2008, Navistar received a follow-on contract with u.S. Army TACOM life Cycle Management Command to provide more than 7,000 units to support the Afghanistan Army. In early 2009, Navistar also began supporting Canada with MilCOTS vehicles for use domestically.
Navistar continues to expand its vehicles portfolio. In April 2009, the company received an award to provide the new Husky TSV to the united Kingdom. This tactical wheeled vehicle is another example of the company’s ability to develop new vehicles to meet specific customer needs.
BAE Systems and Navistar are teamed to produce a platform for the u.S. Joint Light Tactical Vehicle (JLTV) program. Selected for the Technical Development stage of the program, this team will also be investigating other global opportunities for success with militaries around the world. The JLTV program is a multi-service initiative for a family of future light tactical vehicles being developed as a joint system between the u.S. Army and the Marine Corps.
ARMORING CAPABILITY
As a heavy truck manufacturer, Navistar has an advantage over other OEMs because International brand trucks are built to haul heavy payloads. The extra weight of up-armoring trucks is easily handled by the vehicle’s strong design and powerful engine, offering flexibility for a number of different armor specifications.
PRODUCTION SITES FOR MILITARY VEHICLES
Chassis and cab assembly takes place at operations in Garland, Texas. Mid-range duty diesel engines are produced at the company’s engine assembly plant in Melrose Park, Illinois. Specialized armoring solutions are built at the West Point, Mississippi, facility.
PARTS AND SERVICE SUPPORT FOR MILITARY VEHICLES
Navistar has established dealers in both Iraq and Afghanistan to support rebuilding efforts. Field Service Representatives in theater also help keep vehicles up and running.
The company reopened its regional office located in the uAE to support the region with factory representation and expertise.
In total, the company’s dealers and service parts suppliers in Iraq, Afghanistan, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, uAE and Turkey have more than $6 million dollars (uSD) in parts inventory.
背景： 王绳祖等，《国际关系史》第七卷，世界知识出版社，1995年版 237:战后初期民族解放运动的有利条件第二次世界大战为民族解放运动创造了空气那有利的条件。经过第二次世界大战，亚、非、拉美殖民地人民的力量获得了空前的发展。一方面，民族资产阶级和无产阶级队伍迅速壮大；另一方面，广大人民的思想觉悟和组织程度空前提高。 238:第二次世界大战中，南亚次大陆、中东和北非这样一些地区，因所处的战略地位或拥有的人力物力资源，其重要性倍增。在为反法西斯事业作出巨大牺牲和贡献的同时，当地的民族资本主义得到了很大的发展，民族资产阶级的力量得到了加强。他们决心利用战争造成的形势来谋取自身的民族解放。印度国大党领导人的策略是，吸取第一次世界大战的教训，趁英国政府急于取得印度合作之机，迫使它在有关印度民族解放的问题上做出让步，这一做法产生了一定的效果。 第二次世界大战造成的另一直接后果，是以英、法、荷为代表的传统殖民主义势力的严重削弱。这一削弱由于登上资本主义世界霸主地位的美国的排挤和倾轧而愈显严重。传统殖民主义国家的削弱首先表现在他们的财力资源在战争中遭到巨大破坏。英国是同盟国家的重要成员，是真正的战胜国。然而，正如1945年4月13 日美国国务院的一份文件所说，战争使英国在世界事务中“一降而成为三强中的次要伙伴”。（哈里·杜鲁门，《杜鲁门回忆录》第一卷，三联书店，1974年版，第6页）239：但直接削弱传统殖民主义的，是英、法、荷的国的原殖民地的统治基础的崩溃或瓦解。这在东南亚和南亚表现的更加突出。1941年底，日本发动太平洋战争以后，英、法、荷等国的殖民当局在日本法西斯的地进攻面前或仓皇溃逃，或缴械投降。在马来亚、印度尼西亚和缅甸，日本建立了由占领军当局负责的直接统治，原来的殖民机器统治完全被抛到一边。在印度支那，日本最初与法国维希政权实行联合统治，但维系殖民当局实际上不过是日本侵略者的工具，而且它最后也是被日本军方一脚踢开。在这种情况下，战后传统殖民主义国家已经很难依靠原来的基础重建自己的统治了。 使传统殖民主义雪上加霜的，是美国对这些国家的倾轧和排挤。 美国队欧洲国家拥有的广阔的殖民地可谓是觊觎已久。第二次世界大战为华盛顿提供了一个取而代之的绝好机会。于是战争期间，罗斯福大谈民族自决，反殖民主义似乎成了美国的一项基本国策。1941年8月，他和丘吉尔共同发表的《大西洋宪章》规定，“尊重各民族自由选择其所愿生存的政府形式的权力”（国际条约集（1934—1944）,世界知识出版社，1961年版，第337页）1942年2月22日，罗斯福又在广播讲话中公开宣布，《大西洋宪章》“不但适用于大西洋沿岸的那部分世界，而且适用于全世界”。（战后世界历史长编编委会：《战后世界历史长编》第三册（1947年），
对应全球气候变化的平等和可持续政策 John Byrne a, Young-doo Wang a, Hoesung Lee b,1, and Jong-dall Kim c 过去两百年里，能源在工业生产和消费中的应用改变了大气的化学结构。自工业时代起，大气中主要温室气体如二氧化碳，一氧化二氮，臭氧，甲烷和氯氟化物大幅增长（Cicerone, 1989; IPCC, 1990; IPCC, 1996a）。如果考虑到所有的社会活动，全球范围内约有60％的温室气体是与能源生产和消费相关的（Byrne 等，1992）。用气候学家Nicholas Shackleton的话来说，温室气体的排放程度以及对大气化学组成的影响远远超过大自然界在过去50万年所经历过的（New York Times，1990年1月16日）。 许多气候模型预测大气中高浓度的温室气体将导致地表温度升高。尽管对温室效应的精确度动态影响还有争议，由联合国组织的政府间气候变化委员会（IPCC）已得出结论空气中增加的温室气体正在影响最近的气候模式（IPCC，1990；IPCC，1996b，c）。1992年在里约热内卢举行的地球峰会及随后于1995年柏林，1996年日内瓦，和1997年京都举行的缔约方大会号召采取行动来解决这个问题。这些行动都着眼于能源部门，以及能源部门所采用的燃料和技术。而大多数政策建议的共同点便是从常规能源向以能源效率和可再生能源为主的能源体系转化。 温室气体减排政策常常引起关于成本和效率的争议，也正因为如此，许多政策提议采取减排不应过急过快（如Nordhaus，1991）。从广义上来说，在能源政策的制定中应采取两个预防准则――“无悔”和“保险”。然而，每一项准则都很难证实在国际政策中的应用。本文提议用平等和可持续性作为制定全球能源政策的基础，以此来定义和分配为减缓气候变化转化能源部门所需要的成本。 两个主要政策提议 到目前为止，关于温室气体减排的争议大都集中在“无悔”和“保险”的原则上。全球气候变化中的“无悔”政策（Cristofaro，1992；Shelling，1991）是要求国家减少那些没有额外的温室气体减排效益的成本有效的活动。基本上，这个政策提议国家加速实施低成本的节能措施比如更换变速电机和高效的荧光灯。由于有市场障碍，这些措施没有得到推广实施，而“无悔”政策可衍变为移除这些障碍的具体策略。 “保险”的政策则旨在采取减缓措施以尽可能减少全球变暖引起灾难性事件的风险（Cline，1992；Manne和Richels，1992）。这个政策提议实行适度的温室气体减排来避免未来风险，比起“无悔”政策来要更进一步。可是，“保险”的气候变化政策同样是希望通过加速实施低成本的能源效率措施来实现减排。 a.美国特拉华大学能源环境政策中心 b.韩国能源经济研究所 c.韩国庆北国立大学经济系 1政府间气候变化委员会第三工作组前任主席。
浅谈中印形势 姓名：齐明明学院：电子信息工程学院学号2010040141068 中国和印度的国力比较是多大差距，经济上从汇率GDP比较印度大约是中国的40%，即中国GDP为15000亿美元，印度大约为6000亿美元。PPP比较印度是中国的50%强。中国超过60000亿美元，印度超过30000亿美元。但我从另外角度观察，印度的农业占GDP的28%，中国占12%。而印度粮食产量大约是中国的40%到45%，印度粮食产量2亿吨左右，中国最高超过5亿吨，去年为4.7亿吨以上。另外在经济作物和畜牧生产上中国远远超过印度，中国每年生产超过3亿吨蔬菜，5000万吨水果，5000万吨水产品，另外各种肉类、糖、禽蛋、棉花等等中国都远远超过印度。印度基本上不生产蔬菜，印度教徒吃素，肉类生产非常少。印度的农业产值从好的方面估计也不会超过中国农业产值的30%，差的估计大约也就20%到25%。中国实际上GDP应该超过印度至少4倍。工业生产中国占GDP的56%，印度占30%左右。但实际上中国的工业超过印度大约6到8倍。中国在1978年其主要工业、农业和交通运输、能源产业都远远超过2000年印度的产量。 在军事上，首先看军事技术。印度的导弹技术大约相当中国上世纪70年代到80年代水平，差距在20年以上。印度的烈火导弹的水平达不到中国巨浪1的水平。当时中国已经拥有洲际导弹和核潜艇，而印度到现在还不具备独立发展这两项技术的能力。印度发展的蓝天防空导弹其弹体来源于前苏联的萨姆6，三叉戟低空导弹存在严重技术问题，性能还不如中国80年代发展的红7。中国在当时高空防空已经发展了TMD的“反击”。 航空技术是印度与中国差距最小的军事技术领域。因为中国主要精力投入导弹方面，相对航空技术投入少，独立能力比较导弹和航天技术差一些。但是来自国外的技术封锁使中国的航空工业获得了非常宝贵的独立开发能力。印度航空工业一直依靠外国的技术援助，依靠外国产品生产许可证生产先进战斗机，因此虽然在一段时期内印度装备战斗机比中国先进，但是印度一直没有获得完整的航空技术能力。在开放以后得到国外先进技术的支持以后，最近10几年中国航空技术突飞猛进已经远远将印度抛在身后。这是综合国力和综合技术能力和工业能力的差距。中国出口技术给巴基斯坦的FC-1在近两年不断采用新技术升级使得其技术完全超过印度的LCA轻型战斗机，在气动设计、发动机、机载武器等方面优于LCA成为一型高性能中档战斗机。 在海军装备方面，印度根本没有一个强大的造船工业，因此印度强大的海军只能是沙滩上的大厦。印度的国产军舰必须依靠外国提供全部技术，包括设计、船体材料和建造工艺、动力、武器、雷达以及总体等等。一旦失去外国技术援助印度立即一筹莫展。如核潜艇是印度一直梦寐以求的装备，但外国由于防止核扩散条约的限制无法提供印度技术援助，几十年印度只好干等这毫无办法。虽然印度已经特许生产过先进潜艇如德国209级和俄罗斯“K”级。但是现在印度还是要依靠外国来援助才能制造潜艇。中国核潜艇在1971年就下水了。现在中国海军舰艇的技术水平已经基本达到欧洲的水平，超过俄罗斯。现在影响到中国军工技术水平的主要是基础工业水平。 在陆军技术方面就更不用提了，印度到现在还不能生产155毫米重炮，自己搞的坦克陆军不想要。进口重炮还要进口炮弹。总之在低技术的陆军武器装备上印度仍然没有自主生产能力。
英国在印度的殖民政治体制从17世纪初东印度公司在印度设立商馆开始,直到1947年印度宣布自治为止.期间经历了两个阶段:东印度公司统治时期和英王直接统治时期.在这两个时期,由于不同的历史背景,殖民政治政策也不同. 东印度公司统治前期主要实行的是公司董事会的一元权力结构,公司在印度享有巨大的权力,如设立管区政府,拥有军队、征税、铸币、立法、任命官职和设立法院等广泛的权力。从18世纪中后期开始,一元结构转向二元结构,形成了公司董事会与议会监督局的双头体制。在实际决策中,议会享有军事财政等核心事务决策权.而董事会仅保留任命公司职员和处理日常事务的权利。由于公司对印度人民的横征暴敛，造成人民群众的不满，1857年爆发了著名的印度民族大起义。 大起义的发生使英国对前期的政策进行调整。东印度公司取消后，1858年英王接管政权，取消议会监督局和公司董事会的设置，代之以内阁中的印度事务大臣，并设置一个15人组成的印度事务委员会加以辅佐。现代法院建立起来，实行人道主义的法律。废除了诸如“刹蒂”的印度土法。废除了根深蒂固的种姓制度，不得因宗教信仰和种姓原因剥夺某些印度居民的财产及继承权。1872年颁布的《特别婚姻法》规定，禁止童婚和多妻制，并承认逾越种姓的婚姻为合法婚姻。英国殖民者还逐步扩大立法会议,吸引印度人参与立法,实行文官考试选拔制度,让越来越多的印度人参与行政管理,通过选举,实行多数党组织政府的省自 治等,这些做法为印度独立后走上宪政民主道路奠定了基础。 英国对印度的疯狂掠夺和剥削，给英国带来大量财富，大大促进英国资本主义发展的同时，印度一步步沦为殖民地。印度古老文明的发展进程被迫中断，英国殖民者强行将西方文化和政治体制移植进入印度社会，造成了印度社会的分裂。但同时也将西方先进的思想、文化和政治带到印度，把印度纳入了世界资本主义体系，促进了印度资本主义和市场经济的发展。
西部空军军事斗争准备问题 印度对华政策的“两面性”，受深刻历史背景和现实利益诱惑，以及国际战略格局的影响，在相当长的时期内不会改变。双边关系可能会有所改善，但对抗的一面也会加剧。 我们必须采取灵活的策略，在综合运用政治、外交、经济等手段，努力保持周边战略环境稳定的同时，抓紧西部地区军事建设，加强战略预置，以应不测。 (一)制定明确的对印军事战略 中国西部幅员辽阔，仅西藏、新疆就占国土面积的29．5％，历来是我国的一个重要战略方向，长期面临反侵略、反分裂的双重任务。历史上屡屡发生外敌入侵和边境冲突，多与印度有关，且背后都有殖民主义、帝国主义的支持怂恿。由于中印两国都是传统的陆军大国，又有喜马拉雅山的阻隔，以往历次边境战争和武装冲突，都控制在了较小的规模和范围。随着空天技术的快速发展，空中力量成为局部战争的主要角色。战争的“空中化”发展趋势，势必带来边境局部战争规模扩大，强度增加。如何遏阻和应对未来可能发生的中印边境局部战争，必须从战略的高度进行谋划。 综合考虑国家利益、综合实力和战场环境等因素，对印军事战略的着眼点，就首先立足于制止战争，进而打赢战争，注重力量威慑和战争准备。似应确立“威慑遏阻，灵活反击”的对印军事战略。“威慑遏阻”，主要是对印度的扩张野心，以及美国为首的西方敌对势力利用印度分裂中国的图谋进行有效的遏阻。以实实在在的备战行动，使其明白任何危害我国安全和利益
的举动，都必将付出高昂的代价。在威慑诸要素中，军事实力尤其是空中作战力量是一个极为重要的因素。它是实施威慑活动的主体。只有实实在在的拥有惩戒打击的手段和付之使用的坚定信心，“威加于敌”，才有可能达成“不战屈敌”或“战而胜之”的目的。威慑，既是一种能力，也是一种态势。以我国目前的军力而言，能够在高原地区使用的作战力量有限，但决不是无所作为。关键是要通盘考虑，逐步提高西部地区的综合保障能力，预有快速投送兵力的可靠手段，能够依据战局的发展变化，随时对敌实施“灵活反击”。 在中印边境地区，不求平时多养兵，重在战时能用兵。要既设完善的空军作战保障体系，确保能够发挥空中力量高速机动、猛烈精确打击的优长，能把有限的空中打击力量集中运用于关键的时节与关键的目标。以未来中印边境作战需要为牵引，通过长期不懈的努力，最终达成威慑可信、遏阻有效、反击必胜的战略目的。 (二)建立对印作战陆空联合指挥体制 根据新军事变革和实现我军跨越式发展要求，着眼高技术条件下高原地区陆空联合作战需要，建立健全联合作战指挥体制，是当前和今后一个时期深化对印军事准备准备的重要内容和实际步骤。陆空联合指挥机构的基本职能应该是：平时负责研究制定陆军联合作战计划方案，组织部队的联合战役演习，指导战场配套建设；战时根据军委的作战 3、印度对华作战指导思想，强调攻势作战、先发制人。长期以来，印度十分重视对华作战研究。通过总结对华作战失败的原因，以及历次对外战争的经验教训，形成了对华作战的基本指导思想。主张未来对华战争，在战略指导上，“一旦印度的利益受到威胁，立即先敌行
浅析第一次荷印(尼)战争前后美国的对印政策 摘要：第二次世界大战结束后，荷兰与印度尼西亚民族主义势力的纷争成为东南亚长期动荡的主要因素，而作为主宰国际局势的超级大国——美国，对印尼形势的发展起着至关重要的作用。美国以中立者的身份自居，使双方通过谈判解决问题，维持印尼群岛的稳定，并千方百计地防止联合国对这一事务的干涉，避免苏联集团影响的渗透，从而维护自己的利益，深刻地体现了美国为争取全球霸权而牺牲弱小国家的战略选择。 关键词：印尼；美国；政策 一、战后印尼的形势及其对美国利益的影响 (一)战后印尼形势 十六世纪末，荷兰在印度尼西亚建立了“荷属东印度”殖民地，实行长期的殖民统治。第二：次世界大战爆发后，日本侵略者占领印尼。随着反法西斯战争的胜利，日本投降，印尼爆发八月革命，民族领袖苏加诺于1945年8月17日宣布独立，成立印度尼西亚共和国。苏加诺和哈达分别出任总统、副总统，颁布了《“四五”宪法》。1945年11月10日爆发了反抗英军的泗水保卫战，1946年英军撤出印尼。但是，由于战争期间德国对荷兰本土的占领使得殖民地在恢复荷兰经济方面的作用更显重要，因此，荷兰企图重新建立殖民统治。随着英军在印尼群岛的登陆，荷兰军队又一次踏上这片土地，印尼民族主义者与荷兰的殖民主义者之间的冲突不断升级。这给当时寻求全球霸权的美国提供了干涉的机会。 (二)战后初期印尼对美国的影响 二战结束后，美国开始推行全球霸权政策，世界上每一个地区都牵动着美国的神经。印尼的战略地位对美国来说相当重要。 首先，印度尼西亚地处衔接太平洋和印度洋、东南亚半岛和澳大利亚的交通要道，地理位置极为重要；而且它拥有丰富的锡、石油和天然橡胶等战略资源，对美国的经济有着不言而喻的意义。其次，二战结束后，冷战初现端倪，印度尼西亚也成为新老殖民主义者争夺的焦点之一，防止其落入苏联阵营控制之下，是美国的重要考虑之一；而且由于印尼的特殊地理位置，美国将印尼作为其在亚洲反共反华战略链条上的重要一环。最后，美国推出了马歇尔计划，把印尼整合进其“欧洲复兴计划”的总体框架内，无疑是其明智的选择。因此，印尼的动荡是不符合美国的战略目标的，这势必会影响到美国的政治经济利益。 二、第一次荷印(尼)战争前后美国对印尼的政策 (一)《林牙椰蒂条约》签订后美国的态度
印刷行业监管及政策情况 1、行业管理机制 印刷行业已形成市场化的竞争格局，各企业面向市场自主经营，政府职能部门依法管理。行业的政府主管部门是国家发展和改革委员会及中央宣传部（原为国家新闻出版广电总局），行业自律组织为中国印刷联合会和地方印刷协会等， 2、主要法律法规及政策 近年来，为了推动印刷行业的健康有序发展，相关部门出台了一系列的法规和政策。
9 《中国包装印 刷行业公约》 为推动中国包装印刷业的健康发展， 规范中国包装印刷市场的经济秩序， 努力创建有序竞争环境，保护行业的 合法权益和社会公共利益，制定行业 公约；对行业协会会员单位共同制定 的自律性公约，对协会会员具有约束 力。 中国包 协包印 委 2002年 10 《关于实施绿 色印刷的公告》 通过在印刷行业实施绿色印刷战略， 基本建立绿色印刷环保体系，力争使 绿色印刷企业数量占到我国印刷企业 总数的30%，印刷产品的环保指标达 到国际先进水平，淘汰一批落后的印 刷工艺、技术和产能，出尽印刷行业 实现节能减排，引导我国印刷产业加 快转型和升级。 原国家 新闻内 初班总 署、环境 保护部 发布 2011年 10月 11 《企业绿色采 购指南（试行）》 鼓励企业完善采购流程，主动参与供 应商的产品研发、制造过程，引导供 应商通过价值分析等方法减少各种原 辅和包装材料用量、用更环保的材料 替代、避免或者减少环境污染； 鼓励企业要求供应商供应产品或原材 料符合绿色包装的要求，不使用含有 有毒、有害物质作为包装物材料，使 用可循环使用、可降解或者可以无害 化处理的包装物，避免过度包装，在 满足需求的前提下，尽量减少包装物 的材料消耗； 采购商和供应商可以通过抵制商品过 度包装，引导广大消费者积极主动参 与绿色消费，减少一次性用品及塑料 购物袋使用的方式带动全社会绿色消 费； 企业不宜采购不符合商务主管部门防 止过度包装及回收促进要求的产品。 从该指南的相关要求来看，绿色印刷 产品服务符合绿色采购各项要求，这 将给我国绿色印刷企业及绿色原辅材 料生产商未来发展带来新的机遇，同 时，对整个印刷包装行业的绿色转型 将起到重要的推动作用。 商务部、 原环境 保护部、 工业和 信息化 部联合 发布 2014年 12月
《商场现代化》2012年8月（中旬刊）总第692 期 现实主义学派是国际关系理论学派中迄今为止影响最大的学派，各国在维护、追求国家利益的过程中往往也从现实主义的角度出发。 一、现实主义理论在国家外交实践中的实用性 首先，该理论在研究国际关系时将国家利益置于核心地位,国家利益是一国政府对外政策的最终决定因素。所有国家必须追求自身国家利益这一事实意味着其他国家和政府都是不能完全依靠的，所有国际协议都是暂时的，有条件的；其次，该理论的的现实性为各国做出外交政策提供了决策框架。国家本质上是根据国家利益进行决策的理性行为体，并认为一个理性的外交决策过程包括设定目标、根据国家能够获得的各种资源评估所有合理的选择、通过所评估的各种选择实现目标的相对可能性、以及与每一种选择相联系的获益或代价。 就美国的外交政策来说，其外交政策主要由两条主线构建而成:一条是由孤立主义和扩张主义构成,另一条是由现实主义和理想主义构成。然而随着美国实力的上升,美国传统的孤立主义越来越难以维持。二战之前，美国只能坐视希特勒横扫欧洲并称其为局部问题；而二战之后，像格林纳达和越南这样“边缘国家”的问题也被美国认为是其内部问题，究其原因，无外乎是美国在战后拥有了独霸一方的实力，正是这种实力使得美国在奉行“现实主义”理论时有了更多的底气。 二、美国的对印政策 （1）冷战时期的美国对印政策 冷战时期，南亚是美国全球遏制战略中重要的一环，它将南亚视为全球冷战的一个“缩影”，将印巴对抗视为“南亚版”的美苏对抗，此时南亚地区大致形成美巴结盟与印苏友好的均势局面。美国的南亚政策必须服务于其全球战略和国际利益的需要，因此，在对印政策中，美国“国家利益第一”的观念始终贯彻了整个过程。这也是美国奉行现实主义指导下的外交政策的具体体现，即它强调美国对印度政策将始终以维护美国的国家利，有着浓厚的“自我中心”色彩。印美关系在冷战时期受诸多因素影响，发展缓慢。不过，印度与苏联之间相继也建立起了“准盟友关系”，而美国也与印度的“死敌”巴基斯坦建立了盟友关系。由此可见，尽管美印之间有着共通的价值，但是基于现实主义国家利益的考虑，使得从属于冷战大局的美印关系充满了现实主义的色彩。 （2）冷战结束后的美国对印政策的调整 冷战的结束，为双方关系的发展提供了许多契机。核不扩散政策、克什米尔政策、反恐政策成为美国南亚安全政策的主要组成部分.此时的美国认为，无论从经济潜力、政治价值，还是地区影响，印度的战略地位均明显高于巴基斯坦。因此，在美国面临维护地区稳定、打击恐怖主义、防止大规模杀伤性武器的扩散等一系列安全利益时，美国的南亚政策开始向印度倾斜。美国也重新开始酝酿其后冷战时代的全球战略。据当时美国公布的国防战略报告表明：美国战略重心已从以欧洲为重点逐渐转为欧亚并重，并有将重心逐渐转向亚太的趋势。因此，印度在美国的战略计划中的地位有了前所未有的提升。早在1995年在美国国防部长佩里访印期间，美国与印度就已经签署了第一个安全协定，开始了三个层次的防务合作：一是美印防务政策小组，美方由负责国际安全事务的助理国防部长(约瑟夫·奈)任组长；二是联合技术小组，由负责双用途技术和国际项目的第一助理国防部长帮办任组长；三是各军种之间的合作，由陆军、空军和海军组成的太平洋司令部负责，与印度开展演习、训练等方面的合作。并于2005年6月又签订了《印美防务关系新框架》，进一步加强双方在防务领域的合作。尤其是进入21世纪以来，双方高层互访频繁，在一系列重要问题上达成了协议。2000年两国签署了《印美关系：21世纪展望》的框架文件，决定建立“持久的，政治上有建设性，经济上有成果的”新型伙伴关系。这一系列互动都标志着印美关系正式走出了冷战时代的阴霾，向着建立伙伴关系的道路前进。 9·11事件的发生使得巴基斯坦再一次成为了美国战略中的“前线国家”，为了打击恐怖主义，美国开始加强冷战后一度冷淡的美巴关系，人们普遍认为印美关系会受此影响。但事实的发展并非如此，与此同时，美国开始与印度在反恐，国家安全等领域开展了合作。2005年印度总理辛格访美，双方发表联合声明，美国承认印度是一个正在崛起的国家，并表示要求国会修改法律，允许美印两国在核领域发展合作关系。美国承认了印度的核武器国家地位。这意味着美国已经改变了在印度核问题上的态度，积极开展同印度的民用核技术合作，这也将两国关系推上了一个新的高度。其中，最为引人注目的莫过于民用核能源合作协议,这直接显示出印美关系急剧升温的态势。但是美国政府更迭以来，受到金融危机影响，奥巴马政府在振兴经济等内政方面投入大量精力，而在外交政策中显缺乏对印度的“热情”，加之2009年 浅析现实主义视角下的美国对印政策 ■蒋 锐四川大学南亚研究所 [摘 要]冷战结束后，“一超多强”成为世界基本格局，大国关系呈现新的变化，对于美国来说，能否处理好美印关系，对美国的国 家利益有着重要的影响。自奥巴马上台以来，相比于小布什时期，美国在全球金融危机以及反恐战争局势尚不明朗的大背景之下对印度的外交政策的走向引起了相关各方的广泛关注。 [关键词]现实主义印美关系 焦点透析 258