[Taking the oath of Office]
1.Vice President Johnson, Mr. Speaker, Mr. Chief Justice, President Eisenhower,
Vice President Nixon, President Truman, reverend clergy, fellow citizens:
2.We observe today not a victory of party, but a celebration of freedom --
symbolizing an end, as well as a beginning -- signifying renewal, as well as change. For I have sworn before you and Almighty God the same solemn oath our forebears prescribed nearly a century and three-quarters ago.
修辞分析：运用了Antithesis 的修辞手法，前后结构一致，语义相反，容易吸引观众的注意，达到演讲词开篇引人入胜的目的。这里“a victory of party”和“a celebration of freedom”，“an end”和“a beginning”等等分别构成对照，强调这不是一个政党的胜利，而是自由的胜利，是结束也是开端，是更新也是变革。
3.The world is very different now. For man holds in his mortal hands the power to
abolish①all forms of human poverty and all forms of human life. And yet the same revolutionary beliefs for which our forebears fought are still at issue around the globe -- the belief that the rights of man come ②not from the generosity of the state, but from the hand of God.
修辞分析：该段子划线部分都运用了Repetition的修辞手法。这里重复的使用主要是为了分清层次，加强演讲词的节奏感和音律美，使读起来朗朗上口。
4.We dare not forget today that we are the heirs of that first revolution. Let the
word go forth from this time and place, to friend and foe alike, -- ①born in this century, tempered by war, disciplined by a hard and bitter peace, ②proud of our ancient heritage, and unwilling to witness or permit the slow undoing of those human rights ③to which this nation has always been committed, and to which we are committed today at home and around the world.
修辞分析：该段落划线部分运用了Parallelism 的修辞手法。总共包括三组排比句，如段中所示，第一组是过去分词引起的短语，第二组是形容词引起的短语，第三组是定语从句。
排比句结构平衡,音韵和谐,语义紧凑,高潮迭起,极富感召力与鼓动性。排比的大量使用既能起到突出演讲主题的作用,又能令句子流畅,读起来朗朗上口,极富音乐般的节奏和感染力。
5.Let every nation know, whether it wishes us well or ill, that we shall pay any
price, bear any burden, meet any hardship, support any friend, oppose any foe, to assure the survival and the success of liberty.
修辞分析：这句话运用了Repetition和Alliteration双重的修辞手法。首先是头韵法，如段中阴影部分，“p ay price”“b ear burden”“s urvival s uccess”“f riend f oe”等这些头韵法的合理使用不仅使演说朗朗上口,富于乐感,从而抓住听众的注意力,而且通过在词首重复使用相同的辅音,使得音韵悠扬,节奏明快,增强了表现力,给人以深刻的印象,为演说增添了光彩。其二段中“any”的重复使用使演讲者观点紧凑，重点突出，有能很有效的调动听众的情感，从而达到演讲的目的。
6.This much we pledge -- and more.
7.To those old allies whose cultural and spiritual origins we share, we pledge
the loyalty of faithful friends. United there is little we cannot do in a host of cooperative ventures. Divided there is little we can do -- for we dare not meet
a powerful challenge at odds and split asunder.
修辞分析：段中划线部分运用了Antithesis的修辞手法。这里主要是“united”和“divided”的对照，一方面使得两句话对称整齐，音律和谐，读起来脍炙人口。另一方面强调了语义的对立，突出了“如果团结一致，我们就能在许多合作事业中无往而不胜，如果分歧对立，我们便会一事无成”这个主要观点。
8.To those new states whom we welcome to the ranks of the free, ①we pledge
our word that one form of colonial control shall not have passed away merely to be replaced by a far more iron tyranny. We shall not always expect to find them supporting our view. But we shall always hope to find them strongly supporting their own freedom -- and to remember that, in the past, those who foolishly sought power by ②riding the back of the tiger ended up inside.
修辞分析：该段划线部分①运用了Repetition的修辞手法，“shall”的重复使用使句式结构紧凑，重点突出，同时调动听众的情感，引起共鸣，很好得表达了美国政府的决心和信念。
②运用了Metaphor的修辞手法。用比喻来阐述道理，使听众于生动的形象中得到启发，受
到感染，折服于演说家。这一句既表明演说家的态度，同时也是对本段上文的形象化总结，这远比讲美国今后不会对加入自由国家行列的其他国家进行奴役之类的承诺有说服力得多。
9.To those people in the huts and villages of half the globe struggling to break
the ①bonds of mass misery, we pledge our best efforts to help them help themselves, for whatever period is required -- not because the Communists may be doing it, ②not because we seek their votes, but because it is right. ③If
a free society cannot help the many who are poor, it cannot save the few
who are rich.
修辞分析：该段落划线部分中①运用了Metaphor的修辞手法。该短语将“mass misery”对世界各地人民的折磨隐喻为“bonds”，即枷锁，形象生动地将抽象的事物变得简单易懂，使听众易于接受和理解，并使能够引起听众的共鸣，达到演讲的效果。
②运用了Repetition的修辞手法。该句中“because”的重复使用一方面产生了音律美，使句
式整齐匀称，另一方面突出了演讲者所要表达的观点，调动了听众的情绪。
③运用了Antithesis的修辞手法。该句中句式非常对称整齐，读起来朗朗上口，简洁明了，
音律和谐。同时通过语义上的对立突出强调了“如果不能帮助处在贫困中的人们，美国也就不能拯救少数的富人”这一观点。
10.T o our ①sister republics south of our border, we offer a special pledge: to
convert our good words into good deeds, in a new alliance for progress, to assist free men and free governments in casting off ②the chains of poverty. But this peaceful revolution of hope cannot become the prey of hostile powers. ③Let all our neighbors know that we shall join with them to oppose aggression or subversion anywhere in the Americas. And let every other power know that this hemisphere intends to remain the master of its own house.
修辞分析：该段落划线部分中①和②运用了Metaphor的修辞手法。①句中将其他国家比作“sister”，即兄弟姐妹，形象生动地将美国和南美国家的外交关系化抽象为具体，使听众对这
种关系有了一种更为直接的认识。同时表明了美国愿与南美国家之间保持友好、平等外交关系的立场。②中将贫穷隐喻为枷锁，锁链，突出了贫穷给人们带来的苦难，同时也隐隐说明了美国的老大的地位，想要领导全世界。
③运用了Parallelism的修辞手法。划线部分都运用了“let..know that”的句式，使得演讲词非
常的对称，读起来能够产生一种音律美和节奏感。
11.To that world assembly of sovereign states, the United Nations, our last best
hope in an age where the instruments of war have far outpaced the instruments of peace, we renew our pledge of support -- to prevent it from becoming merely
a forum for invective, to strengthen its shield of the new and the weak, and to
enlarge the area in which its writ may run.
修辞分析：该段落划线部分运用了Parallelism的修辞手法。段中“to...”引出了三个排比句，排比的使用使得句子结构非常的整齐匀称，增强了气势，加强了演讲者对观点的表达和传输。
12.Finally, to those nations who would make themselves our adversary, we offer
①not a pledge but a request: that both sides begin anew the quest for peace,
before the ②dark powers of destruction unleashed by science engulf all
humanity in planned or accidental self-destruction.
修辞分析：该演讲辞中从第七段到第十二段开头粗体字部分运用了Parallelism的修辞手法。
又用了结构相似或相同的句子形成了排比。排比和反复的重叠使用使语意层层递进,增强了演讲的气势,突出了强调的内容,同时使演讲词读来韵律节奏分明,铿锵有力。
①运用了Antithesis的修辞手法。使得句式结构整齐匀称，节奏感强，同时强调了美国提出
的是一项要求而不是请求。
②运用了Metaphor的修辞手法。这里将“nuclear weapons”隐喻成了“dark power”，生动形
象地说明了原子武器的威力和危害性，也从侧面突出了我们应该响应美国的号召追求和平，杜绝原子武器的危害。
13.We dare not tempt them with weakness. For only when our arms are sufficient
beyond doubt can we be certain beyond doubt that they will never be employed.
修辞分析：段中划线部分运用了Repetition的修辞手法。“Beyond doubt”的重复，有效地强化了语意，更富节奏感，使演讲更有气势，同时加深了听众的印象。
14.But neither can two great and powerful groups of nations take comfort from our
present course -- both sides overburdened by the cost of modern weapons, both rightly alarmed by the steady spread of the deadly atom, yet both racing to alter that uncertain balance of terror that stays the hand of mankind's final war.
修辞分析：段中粗体字部分运用了Anaphora的修辞手法。首语重复的使用加强了演讲词的节奏感，营造了一种音律美。同时结构上都是“both...”开头的句子，句式非常整齐匀称，在一定程度上也有利于吸引听众的兴趣。
15.So let us begin anew -- remembering on both sides that civility is not a sign of
weakness, and sincerity is always subject to proof. Let us never negotiate out of fear, but let us never fear to negotiate.
修辞分析：段中划线部分交错运用了Chiasmus和Antithesis的修辞手法。首先句中使用了交错配列法，“negotiate”和“fear”在句中交错出现，传递了一种非常精炼，深层次的思考，使句子呈现出一种庄严和严肃的气氛，同时引导听众进行独立的思考。其二也用了对照，这里主要体现在语义上的对照，即不要因为恐惧而去谈判，而应不惧于去谈判。
16.Let both sides explore what problems unite us instead of belaboring those
problems which divide us.
修辞分析：段中划线部分运用了Antithesis的修辞手法。该句子是“explore what problems”
和“belabor those problems which divide us”的对照，这一方面让句子结构比较整齐匀称，读来有种莫名的节奏感和音律美，另一方面强调了语义上的对立，突出了演讲者的思想，
即美国希望各国能够一起探讨使各国团结起来的问题，而不是操心让各国分崩离析的问题，其实也是强调各国应该团结一致。
17.Let both sides, for the first time, formulate serious and precise proposals for
the inspection and control of arms, and bring the absolute power to destroy other nations under the absolute control of all nations.
18.Let both sides seek to invoke the wonders of science instead of its terrors.
Together let us explore the stars, conquer the deserts, eradicate disease, tap the ocean depths, and encourage the arts and commerce.
修辞分析：段中划线部分运用了Parallelism和Anticlimax的修辞手法。首先这个句子中多个动词短语构成了一个排比句，句式非常简洁明了，结构也非常对称，节奏感也比较强，有利于演讲者调动听众的情绪。其二渐降法，句子中“stars”“deserts”“disease”按事物的从大到小，从重到轻排列下来。
19.Let both sides unite to heed, in all corners of the earth, the command of Isaiah
-- to "undo the heavy burdens, and [to] let the oppressed go free."1
修辞分析：演讲词从十六到十九段开头部分的“Let both sides”运用了Anaphora的修辞手法。
首语重复的使用突出了演讲者的重点，创造了节奏感，表达了讲演者的感受和情感态度。 段落十九中运用了Metaphor的修辞手法。这里把世界各国人民收到的压迫隐喻为了“heavy burdens”,化抽象为具体，生动形象的写出了人民受到的欺压。
20.And, ①if a beachhead of cooperation may push back the jungle of suspicion, let
both sides join in creating a new endeavor -- ②not a new balance of power, but a new world of law -- where③ the strong are just, and the weak secure, and the peace preserved.
修辞分析：该段划线部分中①运用了Personification的修辞手法。句中“push back”即推动
的意思，是人才能具有的动作属性，演讲者将beachhead拟人化，使的整个句子非常的生动活泼，仿佛跃然纸上，听来倍感亲切，易受感染。
②运用了Antithesis的修辞手法。对照在句中的使用使得句式整齐匀称，又使观点对立，突
出了这份努力不是为了全球势力的均衡，而是为了建立一个法制新世界。
③运用了Parallelism的修辞手法。
21.All this will not be finished in the first one hundred days. Nor will it be finished
in the first one thousand days; nor in the life of this Administration; nor even perhaps in our lifetime on this planet. But let us begin.
修辞分析：该段划线部分中运用了Anaphora和Climax的修辞手法。一方面首语重复（anaphora）的使用使得句式显得整齐匀称，音律和谐，强调了要完成这些任务的艰难性。
另一方面层进(climax)使得排列句子成分时,根据由浅入深,从小到大,从轻到重原则,依次排列“one hundred days”“one thousand days”“in our lifetime”,使语义层层递增,起到加强语义的作用,突出了要完成这一切的任务和理想不是一天两天的事情，说明了任务的艰巨。
22.In your hands, my fellow citizens, more than mine, will rest the final success or
failure of our course. Since this country was founded, each generation of Americans has been summoned to give testimony to its national loyalty. The graves of young Americans who answered the call to service surround the globe.
修辞分析：句中划线部分运用了Hyperbole的修辞手法。这里“the graves surround the globe”,即坟墓包围了整个地球，显然是夸张的用法。而运用夸张的手法来强调为响应美国政府号召而献身的美国公民非常之多，一方面肯定了这些美国人的贡献，另一方面通过渲染气氛，引起听众内心的公民，从而呼吁更多的人响应美国政府的号召为之奋斗。
23.Now the trumpet summons us again --①not as a call to bear arms, though
arms we need -- not as a call to battle, though embattled we are -- but a call to bear the burden of a long twilight struggle, year in and year out, "rejoicing in
hope; patient in tribulation," a struggle against the common enemies of man:
②tyranny, poverty, disease, and war itself.
修辞分析：这段采用了排比parallelism的修辞，而且将排比与重复（repetition）融合使用，既强调了文章，又使句子显得整齐而不雷同，匀称而不呆板。讲说出来，既节奏鲜明、铿锵动听，同时又跌宕有致，富于变化。
②句中运用了Anticlimax和Parallelism的修辞手法。句中“tyranny”“poverty”“disease”“war”
在融合使用排比之余还使用渐降法按重要性的大小从大到小排列下来，最后又回到“war”上面。
24.Can we forge against these enemies a grand and global alliance, North and
South, East and West, that can assure a more fruitful life for all mankind? Will you join in that historic effort?
修辞分析：该段划线部分运用了Rhetorical question的修辞手法。该段中修辞疑问句的使用一方面强调突出了美国和其他国家能够在全世界范围内建立起一个抗击敌人的联盟，同时表达演讲者的强烈情感和使得听众更好的参与进来以及激发他们的兴趣。另一方面，这个修辞的使用在某种程度上又充当了该演讲词中的Transitional device(过渡)的作用，引导听众往下听，接下来便是演讲者给出的解释和答案。
25.In the long history of the world, only a few generations have been granted the
role of defending freedom in its hour of maximum danger. I do not shrink from this responsibility -- I welcome it. I do not believe that any of us would exchange places with any other people or any other generation. ①The energy, the faith, the devotion which we bring to this endeavor will ②light our country and all who serve it. And the glow from that fire can truly light the world.
修辞分析：该段划线部分①运用了Parallelism修辞手法。“the energy”“the faith”“the devotion”
为三个单词的排比，使得演讲词重点突出，同时又具备了音律美。
②运用了Metaphor的修辞手法。这里将“the energy,the faith,the devotion”比喻成为了“fire”。
使这些非常抽象，晦涩难懂的词语变得生动易懂，从而能够清楚地表达演讲者想要表达的意思。
26.And so, my fellow Americans, ask not what your country can do for you; ask
what you can do for your country.
27.My fellow citizens of the world, ask not what America will do for you, but what
together we can do for the freedom of man.
修辞分析：27和26段中划线部分都运用了Antithesis的修辞手法。这三句话结构对称整齐,意义相反,加强了语气,而后两句还同时使用了“ask not”倒装结构,对仗工整、立意深刻,极富有感染力。
28.Finally, whether you are citizens of America or citizens of the world, ask of us
here the same high standards of strength and sacrifice which we ask of you.
With a good conscience our only sure reward, with history the final judge of our deeds, let us go forth to lead the land we love, asking His blessing and His help, but knowing that here on earth God's work must truly be our own.
英语四班金平
学号：1105020097
肯尼迪总统就职演说（1961年1月20日） Inaugural Address of John F. Kennedy January 20, 1961 Vice President Johnson, Mr. Speaker, Mr. Chief Justice, President Eisenhower, Vice President Nixon, President Truman, Reverend Clergy, fellow citizens: 约翰逊副总统、议长先生、首席大法官先生、艾森豪威尔总统、尼克松副总统、杜鲁门总统、尊敬的牧师、同胞们： We observe today not a victory of party but a celebration of freedom, symbolizing an end as well as a beginning, signifying renewal as well as change. For I have sworn before you and Almighty God the same solemn oath our forebears prescribed nearly a century and three-quarters ago. 我们今天所看到的，并非是某一党派的胜利，而是自由的庆典。它象征着结束，亦象征着开始；意味着更新，亦意味着变化。因为我已在你们及万能的上帝面前，依着我们先辈175年前写下的誓言宣誓。 The world is very different now. For man holds in his mortal hands the power to abolish all forms of human poverty and all forms of human life. And yet the same revolutionary beliefs for which our forebears fought are still at issue around the globe -- the belief that the rights of man come not from the generosity of the state but from the hand of God. 世界已然今非昔比，因为人类手中已经掌握了巨大的力量，既可以用来消除各种形式的贫困，亦可用以毁灭人类社会。然而，我们先辈曾为之战斗的那些革命性的信念还依然在世界上受人争议——那就是，每个人享有的各项权利决非来自国家政权的慷慨赐予，而是出自上帝之手。 We dare not forget today that we are the heirs of that first revolution. Let the word go forth from this time and place, to friend and foe alike, that the torch has been passed to a new generation of Americans -- born in this century, tempered by war, disciplined by a hard and bitter peace, proud of our ancient heritage -- and unwilling to witness or permit the slow undoing of those human rights to which this nation has always been committed, and to which we are committed today at home and around the world. 今天，我们不敢有忘，我们乃是那第一次革命的后裔。此时，让这个声音从这里同时向我们的朋友和敌人传达：火炬现已传递到新一代美国人手中——他们生于本世纪，既经受过战火的锤炼，又经历过艰难严峻的和平岁月的考验。他们深为我们古老的遗产所自豪——决不愿目睹或听任诸项人权受到无形的侵蚀，这些权利不仅为这个国家始终信守不渝，亦是我们正在国内和世界上誓死捍卫的东西。 Let every nation know, whether it wishes us well or ill, that we shall pay any price, bear any burden, meet any hardship, support any friend, oppose any foe to assure the survival and the success of liberty.
肯尼迪就职演讲修辞
美国总统约翰·菲兹杰拉德·肯尼迪自幼受到良好的教 育，后毕业于哈佛大学。他发表于1961年1月20日的就职 演说中字字、旬句、段段都是经过精心雕琢，其中最大的特点 就是大量修辞格的运用。修辞就是运用语言的时候，根据特 定的目的精心选择语言的过程，力求把语言表达的清晰、生 动、精彩．它包含有各种修辞格。演说词中各种修辞格的运 用可使得演说词条理清晰，琅琅上口，气势恢宏，引人共鸣． 本文拟对肯尼迪就职演说中的修辞进行研究． 一、Parallelism{平行) 英语Parallelism，意即alongside one another(并排)．其 基本用法是将结构相同或类似、意义相关或并重、语气也前后 一致的语言成分平行并列在一起。平行的构成可体现于各个 语言层次，如单词、短语、从句、句子。这篇演说词中平行的构成不仅体现在这些方面，而且还体现在段落之间。(黑体字部 分表示运用了修辞格，阻下与此相同)。 单词方面的有： The energy,the faith，the devotion which we bring to this endeavor will? 短语、从句方面的有： ?bom in this century,tempered by war,disciplined by a hard and bitter peace，proud of our ancient heritage，and unwilling
to wimess or permit the slow undoing ofthese human rights to which this nation has always been committed,and to which we are committed today at home and around the world． 仅仅这一段话就包含三组平行结构。第一组是过去分词 引起的短语，第二组是形容词引起的短语，第三组是个定语从 旬。 句子方面的有： Together let US explore the stars。conquer the deserts，eradi·cate disease，tap the OC,ean depths and encourage the arts and cofTmlerce 段落间的有： 这篇演说词6至11段之间的段落关系就属于平行关系。 从第6段开始就分别以“To those old allies卜·”T0 those new states?”“To those peoples?”“To our sister republics ?” “To that world assembly?“?to those nations?”开头。 除此之外，这篇演说词从15段到18段都是以“Let both sides?”开头。 平行结构是这篇演说词中运用最广泛的修辞格，这主要 是由于平行结构语气上紧凑、一致、绵绵不绝的效果，使人感 受到语言强大的力量。这篇演说词中大量平行结构在单词、 短语、从句、句子甚至段落的运用不仅使得这篇演说词读起来
语言的学习是一个多听多写多练的过程，苦学英语的小伙伴们应该都知道英文演讲的实用性。很多经典的演讲都是背诵、朗读英文的素材，尤其对口语的帮助很大。经典的演讲不但包含至理名言、精彩语句和出色的叙事方式，同时还用其内容本身的引导和启发作用潜移默化的影响着听众们。你不但是学习者，也是一个聆听者，学习这门语言和这种演讲方式，聆听这些震撼世界的声音。 林肯葛底斯堡演讲 背景：1863年11月19日，正值美国内战中葛底斯堡战役结束后四个半月，林肯在宾夕法尼亚州葛底斯堡的葛底斯堡国家公墓（Gettysburg National Cemetery）揭幕式中发表演说，哀悼在长达5个半月的葛底斯堡之役中阵亡的将士。林肯的演讲于当天第二顺位发表，修辞细腻周密，成为美国历史上最伟大的演说之一。出乎意料的是，尽管这场演说名垂青史，声震寰宇，其确切之措辞却颇受争议。五份已知的演说稿，与当时新闻报导中的誊抄本，在若干细节上都有差异。不过足够 精彩片段： Fourscore and seven years ago, our fathers brought forth upon this continent a new Nation, conceived in Liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal. Now, we are engaged in a great Civil War, testing whether that Nation, or any nation so conceived and so dedicated, can long endure. We are met on a great battlefield of that war. We have come to dedicate a portion of that field as a final resting-place for those who here gave their lives that that Nation might live. 87年前，我们的先辈们在这个大陆上创立了一个新国家，它孕育于自由之中，奉行一切人生来平等的原则。现在我们正从事一场伟大的内战，以考验这个国家，或者任何一个孕育于自由和奉行上述原则的国家是否能够长久存在下去。我们在这场战争中的一个伟大战场上集会。烈士们为使这个国家能够生存下去而献出了自己的生命，我们来到这里，是要把这个战场的一部分奉献给他们作为最后安息之所。 肯尼迪就职演讲 背景：肯尼迪是美国历史上最年轻的总统,他的当选代表了二战后的年轻主张。肯尼迪1961年的就职演讲被认为是美国总统就职演讲中最为精彩的篇章之一，其语言简明、结构巧妙，内容也反映了当时的政治，文化，社会背景，用词沿袭古希腊、罗马的修辞及文风精心选用语言句式，注意音韵效果，字字句句经过刻意雕琢，是一篇适合背诵并详细分析的美文。 精彩片段： The world is very different now. For man holds in his mortal hands the power to abolish all forms of human poverty and all forms of human life. And yet the same revolutionary beliefs for which our forebears fought are still at issue around the globe -- the belief that the rights of man come not from the generosity of the state, but from the hand of God. 现在的世界已大不相同了。人类的巨手掌握着既能消灭人间的各种贫困，又能毁灭人间的各种生活的力量。但我们的先辈为之奋斗的那些革命信念，在世界各地仍然有着争论。这个信念就是：人的权利并非来自国家的慷慨，而是来自上帝恩赐。 奥巴马就职演讲 2009年1月20日，近200万美国民众聚集在华盛顿的国家广场（National Mall），在这个1963年马丁路德金高呼“I have a dream”的地方，见证美国历史上第一位黑人总统的诞生。中午12点刚过，奥巴马将手放在林肯1861年宣誓就职时用过的《圣经》上宣誓就任美国第44任总统。这次演讲的题目是New Era of Responsibility（开创负责任的新时代），整个演说振奋人心，充满着对美国历史的追溯和对未来生活的希望。 America. In the face of our common dangers, in this winter of our hardship, let us remember these timeless words. With hope and virtue, let us brave once more the icy currents, and endure what storms may come. Let it be said by our children's children that when we were tested, we refused to let this journey end, that we did not turn back, nor did we falter; and with eyes fixed on the horizon and God's grace upon us, we carried forth that great gift of freedom and delivered it safely to future generations. 美国，面对我们共同的危险，在这个艰困的冬天，让我们记得这些永恒的话语。怀着希望和美德，让我们再度 冲破结冰的逆流，度过接下来可能来临的暴风雪。让我们孩子的孩子继续流传下去，说我们受到考验时，我们拒绝让旅程结束，我们不回头，也不踌躇；眼睛注视着 远方，上帝的恩典降临我们，我们带着自由这个伟大的礼物，安全送达未来的世世代代。
Vice President Johnson, Mr. Speaker, Mr. Chief Justice, President Eisenhower, Vice President Nixon, President Truman, Reverend Clergy, fellow citizens: We observe today not a victory of party, but a celebration of freedom symbolizing an end, as well as a beginning signifying renewal, as well as change. For I have sworn before you and Almighty God the same solemn oath our forebears prescribed nearly a century and three quarters ago. The world is very different now. For man holds in his mortal hands the power to abolish all forms of human poverty and all forms of human life. And yet the same revolutionary beliefs for which our forebears fought are still at issue around the globe the belief that the rights of man come not from the generosity of the state, but from the hand of God. We dare not forget today that we are the heirs of that first revolution. Let the word go forth from this time and place, to friend and foe alike, that the torch has been passed to a new generation of Americans born in this century, tempered by war, disciplined by a hard and bitter peace, proud of our ancient heritage, and unwilling to witness or permit the slow undoing of those human rights to which this nation has always been committed, and to which we are committed today at home and around the world. Let every nation know, whether it wishes us well or ill, that we shall pay any price, bear any burden, meet any hardship, support any friend, oppose any foe, to assure the survival and the success of liberty. This much we pledge and more. To those old allies whose cultural and spiritual origins we share, we pledge the loyalty of faithful friends. United there is little we cannot do in a host of cooperative ventures. Divided there is little we can do for we dare not meet a powerful challenge at odds and split asunder. To those new states whom we welcome to the ranks of the free, we pledge our word that one form of colonial control shall not have passed away merely to be replaced by a far more iron tyranny. We shall not always expect to find them supporting our view. But we shall always hope to find them strongly supporting their own freedom and to remember that, in the past, those who foolishly sought power by riding the back of the tiger ended up inside. To those people in the huts and villages of half the globe struggling to break the bonds of mass misery, we pledge our best efforts to help them help themselves, for whatever period is required not because the Communists may be doing it, not because we seek their votes, but because it is right. If a free society cannot help the many who are poor, it cannot save the few who are rich. To our sister republics south of our border, we offer a special pledge: to convert our good words into good deeds, in a new alliance for progress, to assist free men and free governments in
[Taking the oath of Office] 1.Vice President Johnson, Mr. Speaker, Mr. Chief Justice, President Eisenhower, Vice President Nixon, President Truman, reverend clergy, fellow citizens: 2.We observe today not a victory of party, but a celebration of freedom-- symbolizing an end, as well as a beginning-- signifying renewal, as well as change. For I have sworn before you and Almighty God the same solemn oath our forebears prescribed nearly a century and three-quarters ago. 修辞分析：运用了Antithesis 的修辞手法，前后结构一致，语义相反，容易吸引观众的注意，达到演讲词开篇引人入胜的目的。这里“a victory of party”和“a celebration of freedom”，“an end”和“a beginning”等等分别构成对照，强调这不是一个政党的胜利，而是自由的胜利，是结束也是开端，是更新也是变革。 3.The world is very different now. For man holds in his mortal hands the power to abolish all forms of human poverty and all forms of human life. And yet the same revolutionary beliefs for which our forebears fought are still at issue around the globe -- the belief that the rights of man come not from the generosity of the state, but from the hand of God. 修辞分析：该段子划线部分都运用了Repetition的修辞手法。这里重复的使用主要是为了分清层次，加强演讲词的节奏感和音律美，使读起来朗朗上口。 4.We dare not forget today that we are the heirs of that first revolution. Let the word go forth from this time and place, to friend and foe alike, -- born in this century, tempered by war, disciplined by a hard and bitter peace, proud of our ancient heritage, and unwilling to witness or permit the slow undoing of those human rights to which this nation has always been committed, and to which we are committed today at home and around the world.
美国第三十五任总统John Fitzgerald Francis Kennedy (1917-1963)约翰.弗.肯尼迪1961年元月20日在首都华盛顿国会大厦前发表“就职演说”时，我在读初中三年级，学的是俄语。直到1980年，我才在美国出版的“English For Today”“今日英语”教材的第五册里阅读到了这篇演说，而且还听了这篇演说的实况录音。现在这篇演说已被一字未删地选入《Advanced English》“高级英语”（张汉熙主编，商务印书馆出版发行），《21 Century College English》“二十一世纪大学英语”（复旦大学，交通大学主编;高等教育出版社，复旦大学出版社出版发行）英语教材里作为高等院校的英语学习教材。1980年，那时大学外语教学还是很原始落后的。我想得到英语版的联合国“人权宣言”，但在当时武汉的中南财经学院图书馆里没有。找到武汉大学图书馆，那里才只有一本油印的“人权宣言”小册子。我想得到英文版的“中华人民共和国刑法”这书，武汉的外文书店买不到。我托原北京地院外语老师去北京外国专家局找有关专家打听此书，专家说，《刑法》英文译文由他翻译，正在他手里，由于没有出版，他不能外借。肯尼迪“就职演说”是在演说之后十九年被我们看到。时过境迁，2009年元月20日，全世界几乎所有的人都能从网上及各种媒体上听到，见到，读到美国第一位黑人总统奥巴马的“就职演说”。虽然有的人看到的是被有些媒体屏掉了（Recall that earlier generations faced down Fascism and Communism not just with missiles and tanks but with sturdy alliances and enduring convictions.我们在此回忆先辈，他们战胜了法西斯主义和共产主义，靠的不仅是导弹，坦克；更是靠坚定的盟友和不移的信念。），（To those who cling to power through corruption and deceit and the silencing of dissent know that you are on the wrong side of history but that we will extend a hand if you are willing to unclench your fist.对于那些通过腐败，欺骗，压制异见来统治的人，你们应该知道你们站在了历史的对立面。但是，如果你们愿意放开紧攥的拳头，我们会向你们伸出一只手。）这些文字的演说，但是1961年那时代的人能听到，见到，读到的是完全不能与今天相比的了！ 阅读翻译注释 1、Mr.Chief Justice,President Eisenhower,V ice President Nixon,President Truman,Reverend Clergy,Fellow Citizens,we observe today not a victory of party,but a celebration of freedom –symbolizing an end as well as a beginning –signifying renewal,as well as change.For I have sworn before you and Almighty God the same solemn oath our forebears prescribed nearly a century and three quarters ago.The world is very different now.For man holds in his mortal hands the power to abolish all forms of human poverty and all forms of human life.And yet the same revolutionary beliefs for which our forebears fought are still at issue around the globe – the belief that the rights of man come not from the generosity of the state,but from the hand of God. 首席法官先生，艾森豪威尔威尔总统，尼克松副总统，杜鲁门总统，尊敬的神父，同胞们；我们今天庆祝的不是一次政党的胜利而是庆祝自由精神的胜利- 这不仅象征结束–这还象征开始–意味着更新–也意味着变革。我在你们和全能的上帝面前宣读了将近一百七十年前我们祖先拟定的同一庒严的誓言。现在，这世界已完全不同了。人类把消除各种贫穷及毁灭各种形式的生活的力量握在巨手中。然而，在全球，我们祖先为之奋斗的相同的革命信念仍然在争论之中–这信念:人权不是来自国家的慷慨，而是来自上帝之手。
阅读翻译注释 首席法官先生，艾森豪威尔威尔总统，尼克松副总统，杜鲁门总统，尊敬的神父，同胞 们；我们今天庆祝的不是一次政党的胜利而是庆祝自由精神的胜利 - 这不仅象征结束–这 还象征开始–意味着更新–也意味着变革。我在你们和全能的上帝面前宣读了将近一百 七十年前我们祖先拟定的同一庒严的誓言。现在，这世界已完全不同了。人类把消除各种贫 穷及毁灭各种形式的生活的力量握在巨手中。然而，在全球，我们祖先为之奋斗的相同的革 命信念仍然在争论之中–这信念:人权不是来自国家的慷慨，而是来自上帝之手。 1：the same solemn oath: i do solemnly swear that i will faithfully execute the office of president of the united states,and will,to the best of my ability,preserve protest and defend the constitution of the united states.同一庒严的誓词：我郑重地 宣誓我一定满怀信心地履任美国总统职务，尽我所能，维持，保护和防卫美国宪法。 2：林肯：four score and seven years ago,八十七年前；肯尼迪在此借用：nearly a century and three quarters ago接近一百七十五年前 今天，我们不会忘记我们是第一次革命的后代。在此时此地，让我们的朋友和敌人都听 到我们的讲话：火炬已传到了新一代美国人手里–生在本世纪，受过战争的考炼，经历艰 难困苦的和平磨炼，以我们古老的传统而自豪–不愿意眼看着，不容忍我们美国一直承诺 的,今天在美国及全球仍然在承诺的人权，不断地遭受践踏。 3、 let every nation know,whether it wishes us well or ill,that we shall pay any price,bear any burden,meet any hardship,support any friend,oppose any foe,in order to assure the survival and the success of liberty.this much we pledge – and more. 让每一个希望我们好还是希望我们不好的国家知道，我们将不惜一切代价，承受一切负 担，面对各种困难，支持所有朋友，反对一切敌人，以捍卫和争取自由的胜利。我们保证这 些–而且不仅如此。 对偶：有意识地把词意相对的词语放在对称的结构中形成对照。结构匀称，整齐，词的 意义相反而互相衬托，使语言鲜明，使语义加强。 well or ill place and time friend foe united,little we can not do,divided,little we can do.(第四段) if a free society can not help the many who are poor,it can not save the few who are rich.（第六段） it was the best of times,it was the worst of times, it was the age of wisdom智慧,it was the age of foolishness愚蠢 it was the epoch of belief信仰，it was the epoch of incredulity怀疑 it was the season of light,it was the season of darkness, it was the spring of hope,it was the winter of despair绝望, we had everything before us,we had nothing before us, we were all going direct to heaven,we were all going direct the other way.狄 更斯：《双城记》 tom gave up the brush with reluctance in his face,but eagerness in his heart. 马克。吐温：<光荣的刷墙工> 排比：结构相同，意义并重，语气一致的词组或句子排列成串，形成一个整体。渲染， 壮文势，广文义。使文章条理清楚，论点突出。
肯尼迪就职演说分析 篇一：肯尼迪就职演说评析 美国第三十五任总统JohnFitzgeraldFrancisKennedy(1917-1963)约翰.弗.肯尼迪1961年元月20日在首都华盛顿国会大厦前发表“就职演说”时，我在读初中三年级，学的是俄语。直到1980年，我才在美国出版的“EnglishForToday”“今日英语”教材的第五册里阅读到了这篇演说，而且还听了这篇演说的实况录音。现在这篇演说已被一字未删地选入《advancedEnglish》“高级英语”（张汉熙主编，商务印书馆出版发行），《21centurycollegeEnglish》“二十一世纪大学英语”（复旦大学，交通大学主编;高等教育出版社，复旦大学出版社出版发行）英语教材里作为高等院校的英语学习教材。1980年，那时大学外语教学还是很原始落后的。我想得到英语版的联合国“人权宣言”，但在当时武汉的中南财经学院图书馆里没有。找到武汉大学图书馆，那里才只有一本油印的“人权宣言”小册子。我想得到英文版的“中华人民共和国刑法”这书，武汉的外文书店买不到。我托原北京地院外语老师去北京外国专家局找有关专家打听此书，专家说，《刑法》英文译文由他翻译，正在他手里，由于没有出版，他不能外借。肯尼迪“就职演说”是在演说之后十九年被我们看到。时过境迁，20XX年元月20日，全世界几乎所有的人都能从网上及各种媒体上听到，见到，读到美国第一位黑人总统奥巴马的“就职演说”。虽然有的人看
到的是被有些媒体屏掉了（RecallthatearliergenerationsfaceddownFascismandcommunismnotjust withmissilesandtanksbutwithsturdyalliancesandenduringconvictions.我们在此回忆先辈，他们战胜了法西斯主义和共产主义，靠的不仅是导弹，坦克；更是靠坚定的盟友和不移的信念。），（Tothosewhoclingtopowerthroughcorruptionanddeceitandthesilencingof dissentknowthatyouareonthewrongsideofhistorybutthatwewillextendahan difyouarewillingtounclenchyourfist.对于那些通过腐败，欺骗，压制异见来统治的人，你们应该知道你们站在了历史的对立面。但是，如果你们愿意放开紧攥的拳头，我们会向你们伸出一只手。）这些文字的演说，但是1961年那时代的人能听到，见到，读到的是完全不能与今天相比的了！ 阅读翻译注释 1、mr.chiefJustice,PresidentEisenhower,VicePresidentnixon,PresidentTruma n,Reverendclergy,Fellowcitizens,weobservetodaynotavictoryofparty,butac elebrationoffreedom–symbolizinganendaswellasabeginning–signifyingrenewal,aswellaschange.Forihaveswornbeforeyouandalmighty Godthesamesolemnoathourforebearsprescribednearlyacenturyandthreequa rtersago.Theworldisverydifferentnow.Formanholdsinhismortalhandsthepo wertoabolishallformsofhumanpovertyandallformsofhumanlife.andyetthes amerevolutionarybeliefsforwhichourforebearsfoughtarestillatissuearoundt
美国总统肯尼迪就职演说的概述 篇一：美国总统肯尼迪的就职演说 美国总统肯尼迪和他的就职演说 (20XX-01-2022:04:30)姚鸿恩 今天（20日）英文谷歌的涂鸦（doodle）是为了纪念前美国总统肯尼迪就职演说50周年 （commemoratingthe50thanniversaryofformerPresidentJohnF.Kennedy& #39;sinauguraladdress）。50年前美国总统肯尼迪就职演说中的名言，至今令人难忘： 我的美国同胞们，不要问国家能为你做什么，而要问你能为国家做什么 （myfellowamericans:asknotwhatyourcountrycandoforyou-askwhatyouca ndoforyourcountry）。 全世界的公民们，不要问美国将为你们做些什么，而要问我们共同能为人类的自由做些什么（myfellowcitizensoftheworld:asknotwhatamericawilldoforyou,butwhatt ogetherwecandoforthefreedomofman）。 肯尼迪是美国有史以来最年轻的总统，就职时年仅43岁。他言谈风趣，富有魅力。他上任时，正是局势动乱的年头。但他给美国民众带来了极大的希望和勇气。不幸，1963年11月22日遇刺身亡。肯尼
迪任职期间，极其关注美国的弱势群体，关注他们平等、自由的权利。1963年8月28日，超过25万的抗议者从四面八方汇集到首都华盛顿，要求得到平等的工作权益和自由。在林肯纪念堂的台阶上，马丁-路德-金发表了著名的演说《我有一个梦想》。 马丁-路德-金领导的民权运动，促使美国国会通过了《1964民权法案》（civilRightsactof1964），1964年7月2日颁布生效。法案规定：美国境内不得进行种族隔离，歧视黑人、少数族裔和妇女，都是违法的。弱势群体从此得到了有尊严地生活的法律保障。 而这个法案，正是肯尼迪在1963年6月11日的民权演说中呼吁要建立的法案（ThebillwascalledforbyPresidentJohnF.Kennedyinhiscivilrightsspeechof June11,1963）。随后，就发生了8月28日的示威游行。 可以说，若没有总统的呼吁倡导和支持，美国民权运动不会那么迅速地取得里程碑式的胜利。 附：肯尼迪就职演说全文（据网络来源编辑） 篇二：肯尼迪总统就职演说(中英文) 肯尼迪总统就职演说（1961年1月20日）inauguraladdressofJohnF.KennedyJanuary20,1961 VicePresidentJohnson,mr.Speaker,mr.chiefJustice,President Eisenhower,VicePresidentnixon,PresidentTruman,Reverendclergy,fellowc itizens: 约翰逊副总统、议长先生、首席大法官先生、艾森豪威尔总统、尼克
synecdoche / si'nekd?ki /：substituting a more inclusive term for a less inclusive one or vice versa Inaugural Address肯尼迪就职演说修辞总结 美国总统肯尼迪的就职演说辞沿袭古希腊，罗马的修辞及文风精心选用语言句式，注意音韵效果，字字句句经过刻意雕琢。 一、 Alliteration是一种常见的反复类音韵修辞格,恰当使用Alliteration能赋予语言以音韵美和节奏美，起到演染气氛烘托感情加强语言表现力等效果, 如: ? Let the word go forth.....that the torch has been passed to a new generation of Americans."（para3） ? In order to assure the survival and the success of liberty … ? Let both sides seek to invoke the wonders of science instead of its terrors. Together let us explore the stars, conquer the deserts, eradicate disease, tap the ocean depths, and encourage the arts and commerce.(para17) ?…both rightly alarmed by the steady spread of the deadly atom(para13) 二、 Understatement Understatement的修辞功能在肯尼迪这篇演说辞中"首先体现在它是一种政界辞令"整篇文章"没有直截了当地对国际形势进行分析" 更没有一处提到一个国家的名字或具体事例"一切都隐晦委婉模糊不清"例如 三、 dare not tempt them with weakness. For only when our arms are sufficient beyond doubt can we be certain beyond doubt that they will never be employed. (我们不敢以怯弱来引诱他们因为只有当我们毫无疑问地拥有足够的军事装备时我们才能真正有把握地确信永远不会使用武力)para12 一场规模空前的军备竞赛的动因被说成了We dare not tempt them with weakness. Understatement的运用变主动为被动变张牙舞爪为委曲求全 2. United there is little we cannot do in a host of cooperative ventures. Divided there is little we can do for we dare not meet a powerful challenge at odds and split (团结,将使我们在许多合作事业中无往而不胜,分裂,我们将一事无成)