论简奥斯汀的婚姻观
摘要
每个人都渴望拥有幸福的婚姻，简奥斯汀小说中的爱情与婚姻一直以来被奉为经典。简奥斯汀认为她那个时代的婚姻是一种经济契约，爱情只是一种机遇。这种观点在她的小说中体现得非常清楚，“凡是有钱的单身汉必定想娶亲，这是人们普遍认同的事实。”
她的小说描述了一些年轻女性的不同婚姻，表明了爱情是幸福婚姻的基础，但也应以金钱财富为前提。如果婚姻中既有爱情又有经济保障，那么就能进入完美的婚姻状态。在简奥斯汀看来，幸福婚姻意味着爱情与财富的统一。她强烈反对仅仅建立于物质基础上的婚姻，充分强调情感因素对于婚姻的重要性。
[关键词] 简奥斯汀爱情金钱幸福婚姻
Jane Austen’s View of Marriage
Abstract
Everyone wants to have a happy marriage. Jane Austen‘s novels about love and marriage is always regarded as a classic. Jane Austen thinks that marriage in her time is a financial contract, where love is strictly a matter of chance. It is clear from her novels: ―It is a truth universally acknowledged that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife.‖
Her novels described some different marriages of the young women, which reveals that love is the base for a happy marriage, and also should be based on the money. It is perfect for young women to get love and money at the same time. From Jane Austen‘s perspective, a perfect marriage meant having both love and money.She strongly opposes that marriage only based on wealth and places much emphasis on the importance of emotion in a marriage.
Key words:Jane Austen Love Money Happy Marriage
Contents
Chapter 1 Introduction (1)
Chapter 2 The Background (2)
2.1 The Background of the Society (2)
2.2The Background of Jane Austen (3)
Chapter 3 The main marriages of her works (5)
3.1 The marriage in Pride and Prejudice (5)
3.2 The marriage in Emma (7)
3.3 The marriage in Sense and Sensibility (10)
Chapter 4 Jane Austen’s concept about marriage (12)
Chapter 5 Conclusion (13)
References (14)
Acknowledgements (15)
Jane Austen’s View of Marriage
Chapter 1 Introduction
The topic of happy marriage is of great concern for many people. We all desire to have happy marriage, but few of us can achieve this dream. What we should choose between love and money when we get married, Jane Austen, a novel writer who lived more than two hundred years ago introduced the questions. Jane Austen‘s view of marriage expressed the marital status in her time, especially for middle class women.
The common criticism of Austen is the emphasis she places in her novels on marriage and money. The aim of every young woman is to marry well. The law of primogeniture effectively excluded woman from inheriting property. The girls in her novels face the choice during the period: marry a wealthy man and live comfortably or do not marry and live in penury. Marriage in reality was not necessarily good news for a woman, despite the happy endings of Austen‘s novels. In a marriage all a women‘s wealth went to her husband. The only way she could keep her wealth in her own right was by remaining single.
Jane Austen had told us that women should insist on independent personality and dignity in their marriages.As far as I am concerned, Aust en‘s view of marriage was influenced by her biographical background, her class, her religion, her love and so on. These elements were very important to her marriage concept. As the saying in Pride and Prejudice, ―It is wrong to marry for money, but it was silly to marry without it‖. Love is the foundation of marriage, while property is the protection of happy marriage. Jane Austen‘s novels such as Pride and Prejudice and other famous works expressed a view which always exists in pe ople‘s heart. That is a hope to get a happy marriage.
Chapter 2 The Background
2.1 The Background of the Society
Georgian society in Jane Austen's novels is the ever-present background of her work, the world in which all her characters are set. Jane Austen wrote her novel during the first two decades of the 19th century. George III had been on the throne since 1760.He was to reign until 1820, although for the last ten years of his life he was insane so his son was declared Prince Regent. Therefore the period is known as the Regency period. It was a time that witnessed the end of the Agriculture Revolution. It was also a period of the great estates owned by wealthy families, which made up the backdrops to almost all Austen‘s novels. Jane Austen's novels deal with such varied subjects as the historical context, the social hierarchies of the time, the role and status of the clergy, gender roles, marriage, or the pastimes of well-off families. Without even the reader noticing, many details are broached, whether of daily life, of forgotten legal aspects, or of surprising customs, thus bringing life and authenticity to the English society of this period.
Jane Austen‘s England was very class conscious. Indeed the whole social structure was still based on a class system that had been in existence in England for hundreds of years. It was beginning to change as the new middle classes, those who made their wealth in manufacturing and industry, begin to seek a higher social status. But in Austen‘s time theirs was a genteel voice. It was a long time before political change began to enfranchise the ordinary man, let alone the ordinary woman. At top of the social class were the royal family. Below them were the people known as ?the peerage‘who were properly addressed as ?Lord‘or ?Lady‘. Some way below these were the knights and baronets whose formal address was ?Sir‘. There were also what have been referred to as the ?middleclass aristocracy‘ or ?pseudo-gentry‘. These were those who had made their money from trade and the professions but who aspired to the lifestyle of the traditional gentry.
In an England where propriety was essential, the opportunities for young people of both sexes to meet and be able to talk privately were rare. It was balls, rare as they were, with the attraction of music and the exercise afforded by dancing, that made
social relationships possible. Even though the physical contact permitted by the country dance or later the quadrille were very limited, the possibility of having a regular partner who reserved several dances during the ball was an indispensable prelude to an engagement. For a girl to be allowed to go to a ball, however, her parents had to consider her old enough to come out, that is, make her debut into adult society. Her first steps in the world thus marked a stage in her life, the stage when she could hope to get engaged and be married.
19th century England had serious social problems from the Royalty and Nobility. One of the most significant of these was the tendency to marry for money. A person sought a partner based on the economical foundation and their status. This process went both ways: a beautiful woman might be able to marry a rich husband, or a charring and handsome man could take a rich wife. In these marriages, money was the only consideration. Love was left out, with the thought that it would develop as the years went by.
2.2 The Background of Jane Austen
Jane Austen (16 December 1775 – 18 July 1817) was an English novelist whose works of romantic fiction, set among the gentry, earned her a place as one of the most widely read writers in English literature, her realism and biting social commentary cementing her historical importance among scholars and critics.
Austen lived her entire life as part of a close-knit family located on the lower fringes of the English gentry. She was educated primarily by her father and older brothers as well as through her own reading. The steadfast support of her family was critical to her development as a professional writer. Her artistic apprenticeship lasted from her teenage years until she was about 35 years old. During this period, she experimented with various literary forms, including the epistolary novel which she tried then abandoned, and wrote and extensively revised three major novels and began a fourth. Although her novels focused on courtship and marriage, Jane Austen never married and never entered a formal school and well educated by her family at home with her sisters. She did a fair amount of reading and passed her life very quietly,
cheerfully. Her lifelong companion and bosom friend Was her older and only sister, Cassandra．Both women never married，but their dozens of relatives and friends widened Austen‘s social experiences beyond her immediate family．The Austen‘s frequently staged theatrical amateur and they were devoted readers of novels. They also provided a delighted au dience for Jane‘s youthful comic pieces, and later for her novels. She began to write at the age of 19 or 20.Her first novel, Sense and Sensibility, appeared in (1811). Her next novel Pride and Prejudice, which she described as her ―own darling child‖ rece ived highly favorable reviews in (1813). Mansfield Park was published in (1814), then Emma in (1816), Northanger Abbey (1818), and Persuasion (1818).Her last work titled Sanditon, but she died before completing it. Jane died in Cassandra's arms in Winchester at the age of 41 on July 18, 1817 at Winchester Jane Austen's works critique the novels of sensibility of the second half of the 18th century and are part of the transition to 19th-century realism. Her plots, though fundamentally comic, highlight the dependence of women on marriage to secure social standing and economic security. Her works, though usually popular, were first published anonymously and brought her little personal fame and only a few positive reviews during her lifetime, but the publication in 1869 of her nephew's A Memoir of Jane Austen introduced her to a wider public, and by the 1940s she had become widely accepted in academia as a great English writer. The second half of the 20th century saw a proliferation of Austen scholarship and the Janeite fan culture.
Since the Industrial Revolution in the second half of the 18th century, the English social structure underwent rapid changes. The industrial capitalists began to control not only the economic but also the political power and thus the struggle between the workers and capitalists also became more and more sharp. Under such a social and literary environment, Jane Austen exerted her transitional role in English literature. Austen focused on middle-class provincial life with humor and understanding. She depicted minor landed gentry, country clergymen and their families, in which marriage mainly determined women's social status. She was well connected with the middling-rich landed gentry that she portrayed in her novels..
Chapter 3 The main marriages of her works
3.1 The marriage in Pride and Prejudice
In Pride and Prejudice, her heroines are ultimately married. In the marriage market, they always place in a desperate situation of marrying young and rich landlords or clergymen. During Austen‘s time, marriage was an only way for women to live better for her later life and obtained social recognition. Thus money had been taken much more seriously when it comes to marriage. In the novel, money in love and marriage is presented openly or indirectly, which shows that Austen has sharp insight into the aristocratic and bourgeois English society of her time. Critics accuse Jane Austen of being obsessed with money and rich relation. But both money and rich relations were a necessity in the society to which she belonged.Through five types of marriage, Austen depicts a clear picture of the relation between marriage and money and she puts forward quite advanced views on marriage: property, social status and love are interconnected. Marriage can not only depend on property and social status. She objects to marriage only for money and as well as marriage without consideration for the same background. She stresses the importance of emotional factors and advocates love and economic foundation are the basis of a happy marriage, while love should play the leading role. Her views bear progressive color for in Victorian Britain, money and social status were still the decisive elements in marriage selection In Pride and Prejudice, the first marriage is the main theme of the works. That is D arcy and Elizabeth‘s marriage, with both love and money. The reader sees the unfolding plot and the other characters mostly from her viewpoint. Elizabeth is the second of the Bennet daughters at twenty years old, she is intelligent, lively, attractive, and witty, but with a tendency to judge on first impressions and perhaps to be a little selective of the evidence upon which she bases her judgments. Mr. Fitzwilliam Darcy is Twenty-eight years old and unmarried, Darcy is the wealthy owner of the famous family estate of Pemberley in Derbyshire. Handsome, tall, and intelligent, but not convivial, his aloof decorum and moral rectitude are seen by many as an excessive
pride and concern for social status. He makes a poor impression on strangers, such as the gentry of Meryton, but is valued by those who know him well. At the beginning, Elizabeth rejects the pursuer-Darcy, because she does not like him, even looks down upon him though Darcy loves her very much. In Elizabeth‘s eyes, he is arrogant and unreasonable because he is rich and has high social status. Realizing that, Darcy begins to get rid of those bad habits quietly to crate her taste and get good impression and love of her. Because of Darcy‘s perfect behavior and good education, Elizabeth gradually eliminates the bias on Darcy. Then they spontaneously fall in love. So when Darcy‘s second suitor is sent to Elizabeth, Elizabeth readily agree with, and they get married and have happy family lives.
The second marriage is of the eldest daughter Jane and Mr. Bingley. Bingley is a friend of Darcy.Charles Bingley‘s wealth was recent, and he is seeking a permanent home. He rents the Netherfield estate near Longbourn when the novel opens. Twenty-two years old at the start of the novel, handsome, good-natured, and wealthy, he is contrasted with his friend Darcy as being less intelligent but kinder and more charming and hence more popular in Meryton. He lacks resolve and is easily influenced by others.Jane Bennet is the eldest sister,who is 22 years old, she is considered the most beautiful young lady in the neighborhood. Her character is contrasted with Elizabeth's as sweeter, shyer, and equally sensible, but not as clever; her most notable trait is a desire to see only the good in others. The marriage of the able man- Bingley and the beautiful girl-Jane is ideal in most people‘s eyes. At last, the lovers get married as the problems between Elizabeth and Darcy has been solved.
The third part is the marriage of Charlotte and Collins, their marriage is lucky and natural. They get married without any expectation. Charlotte is William Lucas‘s daughter, who is the neighbor of the Bennets. She has not got married even until she is 26 years old. William Collins is Mr. Bennet's clergyman cousin and, as Mr. Bennet has no son, heir to his estate. Austen described him as "not a sensible man, and the deficiency of nature had been but little assisted by education or society." Informed that the eldest daughter Jane has a boyfriend, he aims at the second daughter Elizabeth Bennet in spit e for his aunt‘s interesting sake, and Elizabeth has been tired of him.
Eventually, she refuses him with sharp tongue. But Collins quickly finds comfort from Charlotte who desires to get love from a male and believes marriage is the elegant way for a girl with some education, and then they get married as quickly as the lightning. Such marriage without love is too practical, so it is a kind of superficial marriage without happiness.
The fourth marriage is between Bennet‘s third daughter Lydia and Wickham, th e son of the housekeeper. Lydia‘s Marriage—with Neither Love or Money, Lydia is foolish and flirtatious, she lacks any sense of virtue, propriety or good-judgment, as seen in her elopement with Wickham, She is deceived by Wick ham‘s appe arance of goodness and virtue. He marries Lydia just because Darcy pays his debts of honor, purchases his commission, gives Lydia another thousand pounds. In this marriage, money plays the most important role. Austen does not appreciate their marriage. She expresses her feelings towards them through the heroine Elizabeth how Wickham and Lydia were to be supported in tolerable independence, she could not image.
3.2 The marriage in Emma
Emma,by Jane Austen, is a novel about youthful hubris and the perils of misconstrued romance. The novel was first published in December 1815. As in her other novels, Austen explores the concerns and difficulties of genteel women living in Georgian-Regency England; she also creates a lively comedy of manners among her characters. Emma Woodhouse, aged 20 at the start of the novel, is a young, beautiful, witty, and privileged woman in Regency England. She lives on the fictional estate of Hartfield in Surrey in the village of Highbury with her elderly widowed father, who is excessively concerned for his health and that of his loved ones. Emma's friend and only critic is the gentlemanly George Knightley, her neighbor from the adjacent estate of Donwell, and the brother of her elder sister Isabella's husband, John. As the novel opens, Emma has just attended the wedding of Miss Taylor, her best friend and former governess. Having introduced Miss Taylor to her future husband, Mr. Weston, Emma takes credit for their marriage, and decides that she rather likes matchmaking.
As we can see, marriage is the main theme in Emma, and the marriages in the novel are not the duplicate of each other. The novel begins with a marriage, that of the Weston‘s. The Elton‘s marriage is kind of trade, with the husband marrying for money and the wife for upgrading social status; Miss Bates offers a sad example of an unmarried woman; the John Knight leys have a marriage which based on mutual tolerance instead of mutual respect. The two matches, that of Emma- Mr. Knightly and Frank –Jane Fairfax‘s, which stand at the central of the novel, will be discussed in more details in this article. In Jane Austen‘s point of view, the choice of a marriage partner is perhaps the most important and serious decision that an individual undertakes. She explores the social and economic as well as the psychological basis of marriage in her time. At Austen‘s time, the educated single woman had two professions open to her—the stage and teaching. The former offered few opportunities and enormous risks; the latter was arduous, and little respected. There was also, of course, literature but writing, since journalism was not yet open to women, did not offer a stable livelihood. Unless, like Emma Woodhouse, a woman had a private income, happy matrimony was the only way of life in which middle-and upper-class women could hope to find they satisfied and secure. Economically, women were therefore a dependent class: if they married, they were supported by their husbands; if they were single, they remained dependent in their family.
Marriage is also an important factor for the change of social status. The characters in the novel can be divided into two groups: those whose social status is fixed, and those who are mobile. In the first group are Mr. Woodhouse and Mr. Knightly. The second group are Harriet Smith, Jane Fairfax and Augusta Hawkins The second group belongs to the younger generation, also they are unmarried. Emma, herself, of course belongs to the second group, but she has no need to marry to secure financial security and social status. Harriet doesn‘t have any ―fortune‖, but her great point interest for Emma is that her family origins are unknown. Emma chooses to believe that Harriet is the illegitimate daughter of someone high in the social scale--a princess turned into a goose-girl. But in the end, she turns out to be ?the daughter of a tradesman‘ which puts Emma‘s romantic notion that Harriet had ―the
blood of gentility‖ firmly in its place. Emma plans to marry off Harriet to a husband beyond her social expectations-- first to Mr. Elton, then to Churchill. Eventually, Harriet‘s union with Robert Martin has nothing startling, but is suitable in every way, fitting into Jane Austen‘s standard of Marriage, which is ―aesthetically right, morally and humanly balanced, and financially sound.‖
Jane Fairfax succeeds in making a marriage that raises her in the social scale: in her case, the Cinderella story comes true. She has neither wealth nor family to support her, and would have become an ill-paid and low-positioned governess, yet marries the handsome young man, Frank Churchill, who is the heir of a great family with large estates. However, she deserves it for she is pretty talented, superior to Emma in her moral scale. She genuinely loves Frank, and is indeed better than he deserves.
Emma and Mr. Knightly union is not achieved by opportunism but by their moral choice. At Box Hill, Emma‘s cutting insult on Miss Bates is similar to Frank‘s sneer at Jane; and Mr. Knightly rebuke is parallel to Jane‘s ironic critic on Frank, wounding Emma‘s pride and strong sense of self-respect. Moreover, Emma is so hurt at losing Mr. Knightly good opinion. For the kind of stitching painful feeling which she has never known before, she genuinely wants to change, and she really does so. Later the union of Emma and Mr. Knightly is based on the mutual respect and moral appreciation of each other, which embraces dignity and integrity. In the modern point of view, one may feel the happy endings are a kind of escapist,
In other words, Jane Austen is a conservative novelist, in spite of her powerful criticism of many aspects of society. In Emma, the heroine has to learn to deserve her social status by treating other people with respect to become a ?lady‘ as Mr. Knightly is a gentleman. However, her social position is not questioned: there is never a real possibility that Harriet will cross social boundaries, by marrying Mr. Knightly or even Mr. Elton. In Jane Austen‘s point of view, marriage matters greatly, preserving the fabric of society. Appropriate and happy marriage should be based on mature love, genuine understanding, financial security and social suitability. Elton‘s mar riage is kind of trade, with the husband marrying for money and the wife for social status.
3.3 The marriage in Sense and Sensibility
Sense and Sensibility is a work of romantic fiction, better known as a comedy of manners. It is set in southwest England, London and Kent between 1792 and 1797 and portrays the life and loves of the Dashwood sisters, Elinor and Marianne. The novel follows the young ladies to their new home, a meagre cottage on a distant relative's property, where they experience love, romance and heartbreak. The philosophical resolution of the novel is ambiguous: the reader must decide whether sense and sensibility have truly merged.
Like all Austen novels, Sense and Sensibility ends in the marriage of the heroine. Yet marriage in this novel dose not seem a necessarily desirable state. As Rachel points out, the presentations of more established marriages in the novel are fairly dark. There is the selfishness of John and Fanny Dashwood as well as the unsuitability of the Middletons and Palmers, whose relashionshio causes Elinor to reflect upon the ?strange unsuitableness which often existed between husband and wife.‘The happy ending would also seem to be neither quite as happy nor as straightforward as we might expect. As is Austen‘s custom, the marriages themselves at the end of the novel take place outside the narrative. Of Elinor‘s wedding we are told only that ?the ceremony took place in Barton Church early in the autumn‘. Marianne‘s marriage is not related, we are merely told:she found herself at nineteen, submitting to new attachments. Certainly the marriage of Marianne to a man 20 years her senior and to whom she has exchanged hardly a word throughout the course of the novel leaves the reader with a sense that such a marriage is a tidy ending but not necessarily a convincing one.
The marriage always establishes close contact with wage, house and poverty. So we should not object the love in the situation which has not economic base. It‘s not so easy to have main good communication between two young hearts. These have been reflected in the two heroines‘ marriage views.
While romantic Marianne of Sense and Sensibility is sensible and clever, but eager in everything; she is generous, amiable and interesting; she is doing everything
perfectly but lack of prudent. When she meets Willoughby, she can‘t help falling in love with Willoughby at the first sight who is a handsome man. When he comes, many people, including Marianne pay much attention to him. She believes in first sight and passionate love, a meeting of tastes and minds; she trusts her feelings to guide her conduct. When she knows that Willoughby will part from her, she is deep in sorrow. Later the social and psychological dangers of showing feelings are excruciatingly dramatized as Marianne insists on claiming intimacy with Willoughby in a crowded ballroom. Marianne doesn‘t believe Willoughby will cheat her.
Marianne Dash wood romantically insists on an ideal of perfect self-fulfillment in a love based on mutual feeling and shared tastes, Marianne likes to make friends with this kind of people with charming appearance and perfect personality. While Brandon is much older than Marianne. He is not active or passionate. After cheated by Willoughby, Marian ne‘s attitude towards love has changed a lot. Looked after by Brandon, Marianne realizes that Brandon is a good person. He has the ability to take care of her and bring her happiness. Marianne‘s views on love have changed from sensibility to sense.
Sense and Sensibility begins with money and ends with love. At the later of the 18 the century, man has the power while woman is obedient to them. If the women don‘t have enough trousseaus, then they will not be happy. When they got married, the money they have will be occupied by their husbands. Many men often choose wealthy women. Just as Eli nor said ―we must admit that we can‘t live a happy life without enough money.
Chapter 4 Jane Austen’s concept about marriage
Jane Austin expressed her marital outlook that marriage should be on the basis of love but at the same time should take wealth and equal social status into account. Jane Austen‘s view of marriage consists of a very important notion which is unique among her contemporaries .She insists that equality between a husband and a wife is the key to a happy marriage. In a time when women are taught to be inferior to men, even in the domestic sphere, the proposition for women‘s equal role in matrimonial relationship is truly daring and subversive. Although Jane Austen had a realistic attitude towards marriage, her belief on mutual deep love as the foundation of a marriage has never changed. In her opinion, it is a big mistake for a woman to go into marriage without love .For example, Emma is obviously aware of the importance role of love to a successful marriage and she tells Harriet that she should be a fool to get married without love.
In the modern society, her thought about marriage and love not only was considered as the feminine textbook at that time, but also has the practical significance to today‘s society. Although from the past until now, the feminism‘s basic idea is on the change of the women‘s social status, and on giving the women freedom to obtain the maximum enhancement. As for women‘s marria ge, they advocate the love, and the female must be independent and cannot take the male as the center in the marriage. This is also Jane Austen‘s marriage views which have the actual feasibility in the reality. In her opinion, as a female, if she is not special, she should accept the social mainstream of thought; keep a clear mind to choose her own love and the marital object. When they are young, they are lack of reason, and easily hurt both in heart and in body. So they should have the ability to know, to judge and controlling sentiment with the mind of reason in order to get the happy marriage.
Chapter 5 Conclusion
During Jane Austin‘s 42 years‘life, she didn‘t marry. She devoted to creating happy marriages without creating hers. Maybe Austen‘s failure in marriage just because she had the desire to get rid of earthly marital outlook at that time, but at the same time she couldn‘t find the one who matched her from all aspects. Therefore, she gave up marriage and poured all her feelings into lovers in her books and delivered her ideal pattern of marriage.
Nowadays the marriage for love is different from Jane Austen‘s time. It needs equality and freedom in any aspect. A happy marriage should be based on true love. In moder n people‘s view of marriage, although economic foundation is of great significance in marriage, a happy marriage is not all for money.
In the modern society, her thought about marriage and love not only was considered as the feminine textbook at that time, but also has the practical sign ificance to today‘s society. Although from the past until now, the feminism‘s basic idea is on the change of the women‘s social status, and on g iving the women freedom to obtain the maximum enhancement. As for women‘s marriage, they advocate the love, and the female must be independent and cannot take the male as the center in the marriage. This is also Jane Austen‘s marriage views which have the actual feasibility in the reality.
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Acknowledgements
I would like to take this opportunity to thank my tutor, who offers me academic and constructive advice on composing this paper. Her encouragement and help are worthy of high acknowledgement. During finishing my paper, I also got a lot of help from my classmates and my friends. I would also like to thank all my teachers who have helped me to develop the fundamental and essential academic competence. Last but not least, I‘d like to thank all my friends, especially my three lovely roommates, for their encouragement and support for helping me finish it.
百度，输入诺觉桑寺，找到读书的网络 作家简介： 简·奥斯丁，（1775—1817）英国女作家，18世纪末19世纪初英国杰出的现实主义大师，被誉为“道德教育家”。出生于英格兰汉普郡的斯蒂文顿村，父亲是教区的主管牧师。在父兄的熏陶下，奥斯丁从小就阅读了大量的文学作品。她16岁时开始写作，是第一个通过描绘日常生活中的普通人，使小说具有鲜明现代性质的小说家。奥斯丁一生中共创作了6部长篇小说《理智与情感为（1811）、《傲慢与偏见》（1813）、《曼斯菲尔德庄园》（1814）、《爱玛》（1815）、（诺桑觉修道院》和《劝服》（后两部出版于她去世后的1818年）小说内容多是刻画当时英国乡村的风俗民情、社交和男女恋情等。她的创作开启了19世纪30年代的现实主义小说高潮，在英国小说的发展史上具有承上启下的意义。 作品目录 ·《傲慢与偏见》 《傲慢与偏见》是奥斯丁的代表作。这部作品以日常生活为素材，一反当时社会上流行的感伤小说的内 容和矫揉造作的写作方法，生动地反映了18世纪末到19世纪初处于保守和闭塞状态下的英国乡镇生活和世 态人情。这部社会风情画式的小说不仅在当时吸引着广大的读者，时至今日，仍给读者以独特的艺术享受。 ·《理智与情感》 简·奥斯丁在她诞生地汉普郡的斯蒂文顿繁荣而稳定的乡间长大，十二三岁就开始写作。她早期的习作 都是中短篇，光是十五六岁时写的，后人就编成了两部集子。一七九七年，简二十二岁，完成第一部长篇小 说《第一面印象》。接着开始写《埃莉诺与玛丽安》。这两本都是书信体小说，十多年后，分别改写成用第 三人称叙述的长篇小说《傲慢与偏见》和《理智与情感》。后者于1811年出版，等到前者于两年后问世时，后者于同年再版。所以，尽管《傲慢与偏见》的原始本子写作在前，她第一部出版的作品却是《理智与情感》。 ·《爱玛》 发表于1818年，英国女作家，奥斯丁小说。女主人公爱玛是一个“从来不在外面住宿的天下少有的女人”，孤零零的，但是充满了感情与思想，她经过一系列误会后，与男主人公先生终成佳偶。小说情节紧奏，细节描写生动、鲜明，语言就像作者歌颂... ·《曼斯菲尔德庄园》 范妮是个出身贫寒的少女，10岁时被姨父母伯特伦爵士夫妇收养。在姨父母家，除了二表哥埃德蒙处处 呵护她外，受到众人的冷落，过着寄人篱下的日子。但她始终有颗温柔善良的心肠，辨是非，明大理。她坚 决抵制大表哥等人要在家里排演有伤大雅的情节剧，毫不动摇地顶住了纨绔子弟克劳福德的无理纠缠，始终 不渝地暗恋着埃德蒙，特别是在克劳福德小姐对埃德蒙“旧情复发”时，她告诫表哥不要被她的假象所迷惑，
论简·奥斯汀小说中的女性意识 ●刘美丽刘晓红 [提要]简·奥斯汀是19世纪初叶英国著名的女性小说家，她以其女性特有的细致入微的观察力给后人留下了六部不朽作品，塑造了性格各异的众多女性形象。她们关注自我的生存状态，敢于表达真实的内心情感，展示出强烈的女性自我意识。 [关键词]简·奥斯汀;女性意识;女性自我;女性现实 [作者简介]刘美丽(1983—)，女，上饶职业技术学院英语教研组助教;刘晓红(1970—)，女，上饶职业技术学院英语教研组副教授。(江西上饶334001) “英国文学最近一又四分之一世纪的历史上，曾发生过几次趣味的革命。文学口味的翻新，影响了几乎所有作家的声望，唯独莎士比亚和简·奥斯汀经久不衰。”美国著名文艺评论家艾德蒙·威尔逊对奥斯汀的这段评价无疑是对其小说在英国文学史上无与伦比的地位的肯定。[1] 简．奥斯汀才华横溢，她的小说破旧立新，一反常规地展现了当时尚未受到资本主义工业革命冲击的英国乡村中产阶级的日常生活和田园风光。她的小说受到许许多多读者的青睐，尤其是女性读者。她用短短42年的生命时光，以其女性特有的细致入微的观察力，真实地描绘了她周围的世界，写出了六部不朽的文学巨作，分别是:《理智与情感》、《傲慢与偏见》、《曼彻菲尔德庄园》、《爱玛》、《诺桑觉寺》、《劝导》。众所周知，简·奥斯汀所处的历史时期，正处在资本主义发展进程的加快时期，英国女性解放潮流蓬勃发展，简．奥斯汀的写作历程在女性写作历史中做出了积极的贡献，她用真实的笔触，真实的语言，书写着真实的生活，描绘着真实的情感。她用自己独特的女性视角观察生活，感知生活，体验生活，洞悉女性的真实情感，道出女性最真实的心声，展露出那一时期的独特女性意识。所谓“女性意识”，是指女性自我价值的体现和自我觉醒。相对于男权社会，其表现为拒绝接受男性社会对女性的传统定义，以及对男性权力的质疑和颠覆;同时，又表现为关注女性的生存状况，审视女性的内心情感和表达女性的生命体验。简·奥斯汀作为一个在父权社会传统影响下有所觉醒的女性作家，其女性意识就体现在小说中人物的现实生活与内心世界中。[2] 就让我们一起走进简奥斯汀的小说世界，从女性自我以及女性现实两个角度来看其小说中女性意识的体现。 一、女性自我 都说成功的作品当中或多或少可以看到作者自己的身影，在简奥斯汀的小说中也不例外。1775年，简奥斯汀出生在英国的一个牧师家庭，她从未接受过正规的教育，但在父母的指导下，她阅读了大量的文学作品。在她并不算大的生活圈子中，她以细致入微的观察力对英国乡村中产阶级的生活做了深刻的了解。她从中产阶级的日常生活入手，通过一些生活琐事反映出人们的生活状态及精神世界，因此，在她的笔下，塑造出了一个又一个生动的女性人物形象。她渴望获得自由，获得幸福，实现自我。她认为女性应该重视自身的发展，重视自我的完善，而不是屈服于居高临下的男性话语权，屈服于咄咄逼人的男性眼光。我们可以看到简·奥斯汀笔下的女性是以怎样的一种姿态生活在那样的时代，并通过男性意识中的女性立场侧面地烘托出女性的自身价值。《傲慢与偏见》中的女主人公伊丽莎白应该是作者和读者心目中最理想的女性形象。她聪明伶俐，善良明理，且不失活泼幽默，脸上总是荡漾着迷人的微笑。伊丽莎白有别于小说中其他人 物2011． 27 LAOQUJIANSHE
The Traditional Marriage In My Hometown In my hometown ,the traditional marriage is a little bit different from now .It has several special steps .Some of them are very interesting .And now ,I will introduce them to you . First ,as for the marriage ,the bridegroom should prepare a house for the bride and he .The house should be well decorated with the big ,red character “囍”，which means happiness in the Chinese culture .Also ,there should be some beautiful cars ,well decorated ,which is used to receive the bride . Second ,when the ceremony is holding ,it is the happiest time for kids .Here one point I should emphasize is that there is no church in my hometown ,so the ceremony is always holding at their new house .When the ceremony is holding ,everyone will get a packet of candies .And the bride will prepare many coins ,so when she passes the door ,she will drop them all , and children around her pick them rapidly ,in great joy ,happy and excited . Third ,at night ,the relatives do not leave upon the dinner is over .They will be around the new
Jane Austen, she is one of the greatest authors in Britain history. I really admire and appreciate her works, Pride and Prejudice, Persuasion, Emma, and Sense and Sensibility. In my eyes, every heroine has her own uniqueness, different from other girls in those novels. They are so brave to pursue their love, no care about the prejudice, the gossip from their parents, their neighbors , their relatives, even the society. In addition, all of them succeed in loving their true love; all the endings are so good and so beautiful. Every time, when I saw the couple got together after suffering so many misfortunes in the very end of the novel, I cried for happiness, not for sadness. From those heroines’ character, I really can find a genuine image of Jane herself. Although I do not know clearly about her love, her lover, I can easily get the information that she missed her true love from her whole single life. Therefore, she sets the hopes into her novels, encourages everyone who love somebody by heart has courage to pursue their true love.
简·奥斯汀睿智名句 A lady's imagination is very rapid; it jumps from admiration to love, from love to matrimony in a moment. 女人的思维很有跳跃性：从仰慕到爱慕，从爱慕到结 婚都是一眨眼间的事。 A large income is the best recipe for happiness I ever heard of. 我所知道最有效的幸福秘方就是“赚大钱”。 A woman, especially, if she have the misfortune of knowing anything, should conceal it as well as she can. 一个女人要是不幸聪明得什么都懂，那就必须同时懂 得怎么伪装成什么都不懂。 An engaged woman is always more agreeable than a disengaged. She is satisfied with herself. Her cares are over, and she feels that she may exert all her powers of pleasing without suspicion. 订了婚的女人最可爱了。她什么都满足了，什么忧虑都消散了，她可以大大方方去讨好自己未来老公，而无需担心人家以为她在玩暧昧。 Friendship is certainly the finest balm for the pangs of disappointed love. 治愈情伤最好的药就是友谊带来的安慰。 Happiness in marriage is entirely a matter of chance. 幸福的婚姻都是靠碰运气赚来的。 How quick come the reasons for approving what we like! 想给我们的喜好找个理由时，脑袋转 的是最快的。 I do not want people to be very agreeable, as it saves me the trouble of liking them a great deal.
简·奥斯丁小说女性成长主题探析 简·奥斯丁是英国文学上极具个人特色的女作家,也是与莎士比亚相媲美的小说家。她围绕着几户中产阶级家庭,以年轻女性为中心,描写了她们的爱情婚姻生活。 她创作出令人长久喜爱的人物形象,通过她们的婚恋故事展现了女性的成长历程,小说中女主人公们由不成熟到经历挫折和反思,在情感、道德、婚姻观各方面走向成熟。本文以简·奥斯丁的六部小说为研究对象,将其置于成长小说视域下,探讨其小说的主题内涵、艺术表达和思想价值。 绪论部分介绍了简·奥斯丁研究的背景和意义,国内外研究现状等。第一章分析简·奥斯丁作品的主题。 第一节介绍成长小说的概念和模式,即引入本篇论文的理论基础;第二节分析简·奥斯丁六部作品的主题,总结其中的共性,从而说明它们被称作成长小说的原因。第二章以文本为依托,探讨简·奥斯丁小说的成长内容。 奥斯丁小说中的女主人公面对恋爱和婚姻,在情感、道德观或女性意识三个方面有所成长和变化。第三章分析简·奥斯丁小说的艺术特色,主要从人物塑造和叙述模式两方面对奥斯丁小说的叙事特点进行总结。 情节模式上的共性,也印证了简·奥斯丁的作品属于成长小说。第四章是在简·奥斯丁小说内容的基础上,深入探究奥斯丁小说蕴含的思想,总结简·奥斯丁的思想,即男女平等观念和基于感情基础上的婚姻观。 结语是对全篇论文的总结。简·奥斯丁笔下的女性超出了社会对女性的定位,她们聪慧、独立、勇敢、自尊,是和男性并肩而立的女性,而奥斯丁也因为创作出这些可爱的女性成为独具一格的女作家。
从成长小说角度研究奥斯丁的小说,可以发掘出作品的另一种意蕴,探究女性如何在恋爱事件中经历成长,认识自己、他人和社会,而实现人格的发展,这对今天女性的成长也有借鉴意义。
What you don't know about marriage In this funny, casual talk from TEDx, writer Jenna McCarthy shares surprising research on how marriages (especially happy marriages) really work.In my opinion, marriage is more than just a ring on your finger ,it’s a bond between two people that should grow over time and add value to your life. Is marriage indispensable to persons of the right age?After watching the speech,my answer is absolutely YES. Responsibilities always comes with rights during marriage in which,I think,the benefit play a dominant role. Marriage is an intimate and enduring relationship that grows over time and makes you a better person. Also,marriage is linked to health and economic benefits. According to the video,married individuals tend to have better physicalhealth, psychological well-being, and a lower mortality risk. Financially, married men tend to earnmore, and married women are less likely to fall into poverty. Marriage is also linked to greater wealth accumulation. Marriage is the joining of two people in a bond that putatively lasts until death, but in practice is increasingly cut short by divorce.we may wander how to maintain a happy marriage?The speech given some answers to some degree.Fist of all, you should clear why marriage matters to you and why you are wiling to spend the rest of your life making the relationship a priority.What’more,the central point of the suggestions given by Jenna McCarthy,eg. keeping yourself more attractive and thinner than your husband, focusing on the positives/praise-worthy moments ,is cherish, giving and respect.Also,divorce is contagious contagious. So we have to be intentional to place ourselves in the company of those who are striving to make marriage better. Building a strong and intimate marriage starts from within yourself, and then becomes a bond between you and your partner that lasts a lifetime.To conclude,I agree highly with the speaker’s viewpoint: whether you're in it or you'r e searching for it, marriage is an institution worth pursuing and protecting.
生平和作品 THE IMPRESSION of the condition of the Church of England in the eighteenth century which is conveyed by the character and writings of Laurence Sterne receives some necessary modification from a study of the life and works of Jane Austen. Her father, the Reverend George Austen, held the two rectories of Deane and Steventon in Hampshire, having been appointed to them by the favor of a cousin and an uncle. He thus belonged to the gentry, and it seems likely that he entered the church more as a profession than a vocation. He considered that he fulfilled his functions by preaching once a week and administering the sacraments; and though he does not seem to have been a man of spiritual gifts, the decent and dignified performance of these formal duties earned him the reputation of a model pastor. His abundant leisure he occupied in farming the rectory acres, educating his children, and sharing the social life of his class. The environment of refined worldliness and good breeding thus indicated was that in which his daughter lived, and which she pictured in her books. Jane Austen was born at Steventon on December 16, 1775, the youngest of seven children. She received her education—scanty enough, by modern standards—at home. Besides the usual elementary subjects, she learned French and some Italian, sang a little, and became an expert needle-woman. Her reading extended little beyond the literature of the eighteenth century, and within that period she seems to have cared most for the novels of Richardson and Miss Burney, and the poems of Cowper and Crabbe. Dr. Johnson, too, she admired, and later was delighted with both the poetry and prose of Scott. The first twenty-five years of her life she spent at Steventon; in 1801 she moved with her family to Bath, then a great center of fashion; after the death of her father in 1805, she lived with her mother and sister, first at Southampton and then at Chawton; finally she took lodgings at Winchester to be near a doctor, and there she died on July 18, 1817, and was buried in the cathedral. Apart from a few visits to friends in London and elsewhere, and the vague report of a love affair with a gentleman who died suddenly, there is little else to chronicle in this quiet and uneventful life. But quiet and uneventful though her life was, it yet supplied her with material for half a dozen novels as perfect of their kind as any in the language. While still a young girl she had experimented with various styles of writing, and when she completed "Pride and Prejudice" at the age of twenty-two, it was clear that she had found her appropriate form. This novel, which in many respects she never surpassed, was followed a year later by "Northanger Abbey," a satire on the "Gothic" romances then in vogue; and in 1809 she finished "Sense and Sensibility," begun a dozen years before. So far she had not succeeded in having any of her works printed; but in 1811 "Sense and Sensibility" appeared in London and won enough recognition to make easy the publication of the others. Success gave stimulus, and between 1811 and 1816, she completed "Mansfield Park," "Emma," and "Persuasion." The last of these and "Northanger Abbey" were published posthumously. The most remarkable characteristic of Jane Austen as a novelist is her recognition of the limits of her knowledge of life and her determination never to go beyond these limits in her books. She describes her own class, in the part of the country with which she was acquainted; and both the types of character and the events are such as she knew from first-hand observation and experience. But to the portrayal of these she brought an extraordinary power of delicate and subtle delineation, a gift of lively dialogue, and a peculiar detachment. She abounds in humor, but it is always quiet and
评析简?奥斯丁的《傲慢与偏见》中的婚姻观 摘要：简?奥斯丁在小说《傲慢与偏见》中通过对几起婚姻的描述，表明了她的婚姻观：建立在爱情基础上婚姻才会幸福，贪图金钱和情欲的婚姻不会幸福；财产和社会地位在婚姻中起着举足轻重的作用，但不应单纯地为了金钱而结婚；并指出了小说的现实意义所在。 关键词：婚姻；爱情；幸福；财产；社会地位 一、前言 简?奥斯丁是英国小说史上著名的女小说家之一，她的作品再现了18世纪-19世纪之交的社会关系和人情世态。简?奥斯丁英年早逝，在短暂的42年里以女性特有的细致入微的观察力，真实的描绘了她周围的小天地，她的作品格调轻松诙谐，富有喜剧性冲突，英国著名作家司格特称她为“英国摄政时期最敏锐的观察家”。简?奥斯丁擅长描写青年男女的感情纠葛及婚姻嫁娶，着力刻画男人和女人感情和理智的冲突，其中最具代表性的要数《傲慢与偏见》。在奥斯丁时代, 未婚女性最重要的事情就是嫁个体面富有的丈夫。在十九世纪初,根据英国当时的限定继承权法,财产通常要由最近的男性后代来继承, 这使得做女儿的经济利益受到损失。妇女要想顺利出嫁, 就必须要有一份可观的嫁妆, 由此导致了许多妇女由于经济状况的限制而面临嫁不出去的危险。而结了婚的妇女不但为她日后的生活获得了物质保障而且她
的社会地位也会有所改善。《傲慢与偏见》围绕班纳特先生家五位待嫁女儿的婚姻问题展开，分别通过对伊丽莎白与达西，简与彬格莱，莉迪亚与威克汉姆，夏洛蒂与柯林斯等几桩婚事的描写，深刻反映了作者在婚姻问题上最为典型的几种不同的观点。 二、小说概述 《傲慢与偏见》这部作品以日常生活为素材，反映了当时社会上流行的感伤小说的内容和矫揉造作的写作方法，生动地反映了18世纪末到19世纪初处于保守和闭塞状态下的英国乡镇生活和世态人情。这部社会风情画式的小说不仅在当时吸引着广大的读者，时至今日，仍给读者以独特的艺术享受。简?奥斯丁擅长通过描写生活琐事来刻画人物鲜明的性格《傲慢与偏见》是其代表作，故事围绕爱情和婚姻而展开。在该作品中，作者把爱情、婚姻和财产、社会地位联系起来,着重讲述了班纳特一家五个待嫁女儿及其亲友的爱情、婚姻故事,描写了当时社会中人们对婚姻的各种不同看法和做法。五种婚姻贯穿全书:老班纳特夫妇情趣不合的婚姻;小女儿莉迪亚与威克汉姆因情欲而结合的婚姻；夏洛蒂为衣食之计而委身于柯林斯的畸形婚姻；简和彬格莱两情相悦终成眷属的美满婚姻；以及故事的主人公Elizabath（伊丽莎白）—小乡绅之女和Darcy（达西）—有钱有势的公子由于对方的傲慢和偏见而产生误会，但最后屏弃前嫌，真诚相爱的幸福婚姻。细致入微地描述了这几起不同的婚姻，通过对比向读者展示出作者心目中理想婚姻观：恋爱婚姻与财产和社会地位相关联，但恋爱婚姻不能仅取决于财产和社会地位，婚姻应建立在相互爱慕与尊重的基础上。她既反对
关于闪婚的英语作文 In Chinese old days, people’s marriage were decided by their parents, so most couples haven’t met before they got married, as the development of the society, people ask for their freedom and rights to choose their lovers. So today, people can choose their own lovers at their wills, but the divorce rate is increasing every year. More and more young couples get married very quickly, they believe in strong feelings and want to be together forever, as the time goes by, their conflicts can’t reconcile, so they have to end their marriage. In my opinion, marriage is not a joke, people need to get to know each other well before they marry. Lightning marriage is not a good choice, because it needs time to get to know others, to see whether the two people are suitable to live together. They should think twice before act. 译文 在旧中国，人们的婚姻是由他们的父母决定的，因此大多数夫妻在结婚前都没有见过面，随着社会的发展，人们要求有自由和权利去选择他们的伴侣。因此今天，人们可以由自己的意愿去选择他们的另
Becoming a woman，becoming a legend "A woman especially if she has the misfortune of knowing anything, should conceal it as well as she can." ――Jane Austen The movie, Becoming Jane, fabricates a character, the hero Tom Lefroy, to show us audience Jane Austen’s romance. It ever or never happened in Jane’s life. Nevertheless undoubtedly, the movie is a successful one. We are all moved by Jane’s sense and sensibility. Jane completes a legend by her lifetime of becoming a great woman. There are many commentaries on the film―― Her own life is her greatest inspiration. Between Sense and Sensibility and Pride and Prejudice was a life worth writing about. No one can ignore Jane’s achievement. Six immortal works about romance leave us a deep impression on the importance of being together with our true love. Relatively, few people know Austen’s own romances. She never get married. I think many people would like to consider that Jane uses her life to memorize a love and explain her understanding about love. She insists. She believes a marriage without love will never be happy, and a love without money will never be real. According to the movie, the great novel, Pride and Prejudice, is based on Jane’s love story with Tom Lefroy. The arrogant and handsome hero in the fiction insinuates Tom who is just a practical lawyer. But Darcy is rich, independent, owning authority and position, while Tom relies on his uncle and has little money. At the same time, the beautiful, clever and a little extreme Elizabeth just insinuates Jane herself. Obviously, there is an insurmountable distance between the novel and the reality. In the Pride and Prejudice, Darcy and Elizabeth get together eventually. Yet Jane and Tom Lefroy can only be friends, not lovers. In my mind, Jane is trying to give herself and Tom a happy ending in her novel which will never come true in reality. What will we do when our dream is so different from the reality? To surrender or to surmount? Maybe there can be a few people protect their love to go through their life, like Jane Austen, and never betray their love. However, the courage is not owned by everyone. Too much affection and emotion need to be called to our mind and pondered over. A Jane will live our heart, bringing us an opportunity to share the legend.
《傲慢与偏见》中简·奥斯汀的婚姻观分析【摘要】简?奥斯汀作为西方著名作家，是英国作家群体的代表人物之一。 她通过描写英国普通民众的生活，创作出了经典巨著《傲慢与偏见》。书中通过描述各种不同的婚姻类型和人世间的人情冷暖，反映了她心目中的婚姻价值观念。 【关键词】《傲慢与偏见》简?奥斯汀婚姻观作品分析 《傲慢与偏见》中，简?奥斯汀把四对男女的爱情与婚姻进行了详尽描述，简?奥斯汀以其女性的独特视角揭示了19世纪社会的价值观与年轻人的婚姻观与价值观，同时通过对这些故事的描述揭示了简?奥斯汀自己对婚姻观的理解。简?奥斯汀在书中描写的四种婚姻，本质上反映了当时的英国资产阶级的婚姻现状，金钱和利益相结合成为了当时婚姻的普遍现象。这些婚姻现状的事实既与简?奥斯汀的婚姻观有出入，同时又有些类似。简?奥斯汀本质上认为婚姻的美满与否其关键在于爱情和互相的尊重，但金钱作为婚姻的基础物质保障，对婚姻的美满与幸福同样具有重要意义。 《傲慢与偏见》中不同类型的婚姻所表达的婚姻观 1.盲目的婚姻体现出的婚姻现实。在《傲慢与偏见》中，威科姆和莉迪亚的婚姻让人看到了盲目的婚姻、混乱的生活以及悲剧的现状。莉迪亚在简?奥斯汀的笔下是一名性格轻浮多变、内心空虚、肆意妄为而且生活混乱的女孩，简?奥斯汀甚至用下流来形容莉迪亚。莉迪亚尽管愚昧无知，但仗着自己年轻，颇有几分姿色，才得以不断追求被人爱慕的虚荣感觉之中。而威科姆正是一名纨绔子弟，他整天不务正业、游手好闲，曾经为了还欠下的巨额赌债，而追求金小姐和达西小姐，同时他满嘴谎言，处处想着通过婚姻发一笔大财。正是威科姆这种肤浅、虚伪的人投中了莉迪亚的胃口，最后金钱在威科姆和莉迪亚的婚姻中起到了决定性的作用，二人结为夫妻，但他们的婚姻毫无情感和理智，纯粹是赤裸裸的金钱交易。[1]威科姆和莉迪亚的这种毫无道德的婚姻，简?奥斯汀呈批判的态度。 2.现实婚姻中的婚姻观。在《傲慢与偏见》中，现实的婚姻中往往不乏对爱情和金钱的双重描述，夏洛蒂?卢卡斯和柯林斯牧师的婚姻是现实婚姻的真实写照。夏洛蒂是一个聪明懂事的女孩，她对婚姻和现实往往有着独到的见解，她对自己与柯林斯的婚姻看得很清楚。夏洛蒂认为在英国当时的婚姻本质是爱情和感情在婚姻中永远只是配角，婚姻某种程度上是保证家庭荣誉和家庭财产的策略。夏洛蒂的父亲表面上有着不错的社会地位，实际上是没落的家族，夏洛蒂知道父亲已经不能为她拿出一分钱的嫁妆。面对冷酷的现实，为了家族的荣誉以及未来生活的保障，夏洛蒂不得不接受与一个她不爱的人结婚。[2] 柯林斯牧师在夏洛蒂的眼里是一个无趣甚至品德不高的人，性格极傲慢、自负又谄媚谦卑，而他结婚的目的也很明确，是为了迎合他的恩主凯瑟琳夫人对他的期望，同时也为了通过自己的婚姻建立自己在教区内的威望。 3.幸福婚姻中的婚姻观。简是《傲慢与偏见》中善良与美德的化身，简在简?奥斯汀的笔下如同娴静的希腊女神。而宾利同样也被简?奥斯汀赋予了西方典型绅士的翩翩风度。简和宾利的婚姻是简?奥斯汀对美满婚姻的美好愿望与期待。简在晚会上遇到了宾利，并且双方一见钟情。后来，简生病了，宾利在简的庄园中不离不弃、关怀备至，两人日久生情。幸福美满的爱情往往不是一帆风顺的，
婚姻是爱情的另一种新生 这个星期我们学习了一片名为婚姻为何失败的文章，使我感触很深。 我一直这样认为，婚姻是爱情发展到了一定阶段成熟的产物，它是爱情收获的果实。没有婚姻的爱情只是一个模糊的画面，而婚姻是画中真实的美景，有了婚姻才有了美好而充实的生活。处在爱情中的两个人在很大程度上都是一种不真实的美，两者面对对方的时候表现的都是各自的优点，都有虚伪的成分，很难真正的了解对方，只有通过婚姻，在生活中体会爱情，才能体会到爱真正的含意。 当今动荡的世界有的人并不渴望婚姻，认为谈恋爱就结婚只是一种过时的想法。他们说婚姻是爱情的坟墓，试想如果婚姻是坟墓，为什么有那么多人走进了婚姻的礼堂？ 也许有人认为，婚姻扼杀了爱情，这只是个别人片面的理解。平凡而平淡的婚姻，只是在某种程度上淡化了爱情的浪漫而不是埋葬和扼杀。它只是用婚姻这种形式进一步表现演绎了爱情的浪漫。其实婚姻中并不乏浪漫，一个轻轻的拥抱，一个浅浅的眉吻，一朵旷野里的小花，一条幽默好玩的短信，一件爱人喜欢的小礼物，一句疼爱贴心的话语，一种焦急而担忧的牵挂，都是婚姻中浪漫爱情的表现形式。 Marriage is the newborn of love This week we have learned an article entitled “Why Marriage fail”which is written by Anne Roiphe , an American feminist author, touched me deeply. I always agree with that the marriage is an euphoric mature fruit of love developed to a certain stage. It is only an unfulfilled and vague picture of love without marriage. Nevertheless marriage is the real beauty of the painting. Only we go to the marital cathedral so that we can have a wonderful and fulfilling life. In two people who are fell in love each other is a not true beauty in the very great degree, both performances their respective advantages when they faced each other, have a false composition, it is difficult to really get to know each other, and only through marriage, to experience love in life, in order to appreciate the true meaning of love. In Today's turbulent world and some people do not yearning to marriage, that love to get married just an obsolete idea. They said that marriage is the tomb of love, conceive of that if the marriage is grave, and why so many people into the marriage hall? One would think that marriage killed love, this is only individuals one-sided understanding.