综英专四真题
一、谓语动词
63. In his plays Shakespeare _____ his characters live through their language. （2008）
A. would make
B. had made
C. made
D. makes
58.The committee has anticipated the problems that ____in the road construction project. （2007）
A. arise
B. will arise ?
C. arose
D. have arisen
59.The student said there were a few points in the essay he ____impossible to comprehend. (2006)
A. had found
B. finds
C. has found
D. would find（2007）
60.He would have finished his college education, but he______ to quit and find a job to support his family. （2007）
A. had had
B. has
C. had
D. would have
54. James has just arrived, but I didn’t know he _________ until
yesterday. (2005)
A. will come
B. was coming
C. had been coming
D. came
55. _________ conscious of my moral obligations as a citizen. (2005)
A. I was and always will be
B. I have to be and always will be
C. I had been and always will be
D. I have been and always will be
56.Jack __ from home for two days now, and I am beginning to worry about his safety. 2003
A. has been missing
B. has been missed
C. had been missing
D. was missed
2. For some time now, world leaders ___out the necessity for agreement on arms reduction. 2002
a. had been pointing
b. have been pointing
c. were pointing
d. pointed
二、非谓语动词：
逻辑主语与从句中动词的主动与被动的关系。
64. ______ at in his way, the situation doesn't seem so desperate. （2007）
A. Looking
B. Looked
C. Being looked
D. To look
55.If not ______ with the respect he feels due to him, Jack gets very ill-tempered and grumbles all the time. (2004)
A. being treated
B. treated
C. be treated
D. having been treated
not counting = not including 不算（视为固定用法）
63.There are only ten apples left in the baskets, ______ the spoilt ones. (2006)
A. not counting
B. not to count
C. don't count
D. having not counted
65. "The man preparing the documents is the firm’s lawyer" has all the following possible meanings EXCEPT(2009)
A. the man who has prepared the documents...
B. the man who has been preparing the documents...
C. the man who is preparing the documents...
D. the man who will prepare the documents...
62. The meeting was put off because we ______ a meeting without John. (2005)
A. objected having
B. were objected to having
C. objected to have
D. objected to having
61. What's the chance of ______ a general election this year? (2005)
A. there being
B. there to be
C. there be D there going to be
51. What a nice day! How about the three of us _____a walk in the park nearby?(2009)
A. to take
B. take
C. taking
D. to be taking
65. _____ should not become a serious disadvantage in life and work. (2010)
A. To be not tall
B. Not being tall
C. Being not tall
D. Not to be tall
63.It is not uncommon for there _______problems of communication between the old and the young. （2007）
A. being
B. would be
C. be
D. to be
固定用法：for there to be, of there being..
58. The Minister of Finance is believed ____ of imposing new taxes to raise extra revenue. (2004)
A. that he is thinking
B. to be thinking
C. that he is to think
D. to think
62. "It seems that she was there at the conference." The sentence means
that.(2009)
A. she seems to be there at the conference.
B. she seemed to be there at the conference.
C. she seems to have been there at the conference.
D. she seemed to being there at the conference.
56. AIDS is said __the number-one killer of both men and women over the past few years in the region. 2002
a. being
b. to be
c. to have been
d. having been
三、独立主格
主语+ doing / done, （没有助动词），从句与主句中的主语不一致。独立主格一般在日常生活语言中不使用。它过于书面化。
名词(代词) + 现在分词、过去分词；
1. Agriculture is the country’s chief source of wealth, wheat ______ by far t he biggest cereal crop. TEM-4 2003
a. is
b. been
c. be
d. being
2. Time______, the celebration will be held as scheduled. TEM-4 2003
a. permit
b. permitting
c. permitted
d. permits
四、虚拟语气
非真实条件句主句
were / had / did would 现在时
someone had done would have done 过去时
Had someone done would 将来时
Were to do
should do
52. If there were no subjunctive mood, English _____much easier to learn. (2009)
A. could have been
B. would be
C. will be
D. would have been
52. Had Judy been more careful on the math exam, she ____ much better results now. （2008）
A. would be getting
B. could have got
C. must get
D. would get
54. ______ if I had arrived yesterday without letting you know beforehand? (2004)
A. Would you be surprised
B. Were you surprised
C. Had you been surprised
D. Would you have been surprised
51. If you explained the situation to your solicitor, he ____ able to advise you much better than I can.(2005)
A. would be
B. will have been
C. was
D. were
63. _____ you ____ further problems with your printer, contact your dealer for advice. (2005)
A. If, had
B. Have, had
C. Should, have
D. In case, had
55. Linda was _____ the experiment a month ago, but she changed her mind at the last minute. （2007）
A. to start
B. to have started
C. to be starting
D. to have been starting
54.If only the patient ____a different treatment instead of using the antibiotics, he might still be alive now. （2007）
A. had received B .received
C. should receive
D. were receiving
If only引导的是虚拟语气，与过去事实相反用had done，与现在事实相反，谓语动词用did，这里的主句虽然表示的是现在，但是if only表示的是过去发生的事情，要用过去完成时，所以这题的正确答案是A=wish
52. If only I __play the guitar as well as you! (2006)
A would
B could
C should
D might
60. That was not the first time he ______ us. I think it's high time we _____ strong actions against him. (2005)
A. betrayed.. . take
B. had betrayed. .. took
C. has betrayed... took
D. has betrayed... take
54. It's high time we __ cutting down the rainforests. (2006)
A stopped
B had to stop
C shall stop
D stop
Adj.：
It is important that something( be / do 动词原型美语) (should be / should do英语)
essential necessary imperative possible impossible urgent advisable Verb：
advise demand ask order require urge recommend suggest insist
Noun：
advice arrangement decision order suggestion recommendation
59．It is imperative that the government __ more investment into the ship building industry. (2006)
A attracts
B shall attract
C attract
D has to
56. It is imperative that students ______ their term papers on time. (2004)
A. hand in
B. would hand in
C. have to hand in
D. handed in
65. It is absolutely essential that William ________his study in spite of some learning difficulties.
A. will continue
B. continued
C. continue
D. continues（2007）
60. It is necessary that he ____ the assignment without delay. (2010)
A. hand in
B. hands in
C. must hand in
D. has to hand in
61. It’s getting late. I’d rather you now. (2011)
A. left
B. leave
C. are leaving
D. will leave
1. The opening ceremony is a great occasion. It is essential _____for that. 2003
a. for us to be prepared
b. that we are prepared
c. of us to be prepared
d. our being prepared
2._____for the fact that she broke her leg, she might have passed the exam. 2002
a. Had it not been
b. Hadn’t it been
c. Was it not
d. Were it not
3. ―What courses are you going to do next semester?‖ 2002
―I don’t know. But it’s about time ______on something.‖
a. I’d decide
b. I decided
c. I decide
d. I’m deciding
五、情态动词
must have done 肯定的推测句（过去时）must be doing （现在时）couldn’t have done否定的推测句can’t be doing
could have done would have done might have done should have done
均用于本应发生而未发生的状况
53. She _____ fifty or so when I first met her at a conference. （2007）
A. had been
B. must be
C. has been
D. must have been
61. Aren’t you tired? I ____ you had done enough for today. (2009)
A. should have thought
B. must have thought
C. might have thought
D. could have thought
65. Which of the following sentences expresses "probability"?（2008）
A. You must leave immediately.
B. You must be feeling rather tired.
C. You must be here by eight o'clock.
D. You must complete the reading assignment on time.
52. Nancy's gone to work but her car's still there. She ____ by bus. (2010)
A. must have gone
B. should have gone
C. ought to have gone
D. could have gone
53.―You______ borrow my notes provided you take care of them,‖ I told my friend. （2007）
A. could
B. should
C. must
D. can
provided 条件从句= if, 从句中为一般现在时，判定主句也是一般现在时can。Could也可以用于表示客气的语气，但不用在条件句中。
56. Loudspeakers were fixed in the hall so that everyone _C_ an opportunity to hear the speech. (2006)
A ought to have
B must have
C may have
D should have
so that 引导的状语从句中，主句是过去时，从句中用过去时might / could
/should。(2006)
57. I am surprised__ this city is a dull place to live in.
A that you should think
B by what you are thinking
C that you would think
D with what you were
57. I went there in 1984, and that was the only occasion when I _____ the journey in exactly two days. (2005)
A. must take
B. must have made
C. was able to make
D. could make
六、句法搭配：
54. _____ the boss says, it is unreasonable to ask me to work overtime without pay. (2009)
A. Whatever
B. Whenever
C. Whichever
D. However
41. After ___ seemed an endless wait, it was her turn to enter the personnel manager’s office. (2010)
A. that
B. what
C. there
D. it
62. Quality is ____ counts most. （2008）
A. which
B. that
C. what
D. where
47. She managed to save ______ she could out of her wages to help her brother. (2002)
A. how little money
B. so little money
C. such little money
D. what little money
53. The government has promised to do ______ lies in its power to ease the hardships of the victims in the flood-stricken area. (2004)
A. however
B. whichever
C. whatever
D. wherever
64. In "How much do you think he earns?" how much is ______ of the sentence. (2009)
A. the subject
B. the adverbial
C. the object
D. the complement
62.Overpopulation poses a terrible threat to the human race. Yet it is probably ________a threat to the human race than environmental destruction. （2007）A. no more B. not more C. even more D. much more
not more ...than的意思就是与其说是A,不如说是B.
51. __dull he may be, he is certainly a very successful top executive.(2006)
A .Although
B .whatever C. As D. However
56. Because fuel supplies are finite and many people are wasteful, we will have to install_________ solar heating device in our home. (2005)
A. some type of
B. some types of a
C. some type of a
D. some types of
66. —Why are you staring? (2005)
— I've never seen ______ tree before.
A. kind of
B. that kind of
C. such kind
D. such
58. I know he failed his last test, but really he’s_________ stupid. (2005)
A. something but
B. anything but
C. nothing but
D. not but
anything but 一点也不，决不 He is anything but a poet. 他决不是个诗人。nothing but 只是 He is nothing but a liar. 他只是个骗子。
56. Which of the following italicized phrases is INCORRECT? (2011)
A. The city is now ten times its original size.
B. I wish I had two times his strength.
C. The seller asked for double the usual price.
D. They come here four times every year.
59. The additional work will take weeks. (2011)
A. the other
B. another two
C. other two
D. the more
宾语从句
1. Who _______was coming to see me in my office this afternoon? 2003
a. you said
b. did you say
c. did you say that
d. you did say
57. We consider ______ he should have left without telling anyone beforehand. (2009)
A. strange why
B. it strange what
C. it strange that
D. that strange
61. In the sentence "It's no use waiting for her", the italicized phrase is)____. (2010)
A. the object
B. an adverbial
C. a complement
D. the subject
60. The couple had no sooner got to the station_____ the coach left. (2009)
A. when
B. as
C. until
D. than
53. Nine is to three _____ three is to one. （2008）
A. when
B. that
C. which
D. what
63. There is no doubt the couple did the right thing in coming back home earlier than planned. (2011)
A. whether
B. that
C. why
D. when
七、比较级和最高级
55. A new laptop costs about _____ of a second-hand one. (2009)
A. the price of three times
B. three times the price
C. as much as the three times price
D. three times more than the price
64. The square itself is five hundred yards wide, five times ____ the size of St. Peter's in Rome.
A. /
B. that of
C. which is
D. of（2008）
59. Do you know Tim’s brother? He is _________ than Tim. (2005)
A. much more sportsman
B. more of a sportsman
C. more of sportsman
D. more a sportsman
57. The less the surface of the ground yields to the weight of a fully-loaded truck, ______ to the truck. (2004)
A. the greater stress is
B. greater is the stress
C. the stress is greater
D. the greater the stress
八、定语从句
53. The party, ______ I was the guest of honor , was extremely enjoyable. (2006)
A. by which
B. for which
C. to which
D. at which
56. I was very interested in _____ she told me.(2009)
A. all that
B. all which
C. all what
D. that
51. My uncle is quite worn out from years of hard work. He is no longer the man he was fifteen years ago.(2011)
A. which
B. whom
C. who
D. that
1. Above the trees are the hills, _______ magnificence the river faithfully reflects on the surface. 2003
a. where
b. of whose
c. whose
d. which
2. They overcame all the difficulties and completed the project two months ahead of time, _____is something we had not expected. 2003
a. which
b. it
c. that
d. what
3. He is quite worn out from years of hard work. He is not the man _______ he was twenty years ago. 2003
a. which
b. that
c. who
d. whom
4. We’ve just installed two air-conditioners in our apartment, ______should make great differences in our life next summer. 2002
a. which
b. what
c. that
d. they
5. Have you ever been in a situation ____ you know the other person is right yet you cannot agree with him? 2002
a. by which
b. that
c. in where
d. where
九、肯定与否定回应句与反义疑问句
58. It is going to be fine tomorrow. _______.(2009)
A. So is it.
B. So it is.
C. So it does.
D. So does it.
58. When you have finished with that book, don't forget to put it back on my desk, _____?（2008）
A. do you
B. don't you
C. will you
D. won't you
祈使句中，反意问句用will you…?Let us中用shall we?
65. There used to be a petrol station near the park, ______? (2006)
A. didn't it
B. doesn't there
C. usedn't it
D. didn't there
57. She seldom goes to the theatre, _____?(2010)
A. doesn't she
B. does she
C. would she
D. wouldn't she
54. When you have finished with the book, don’t forget to return it to
Tim, ? (2011)
A. do you
B. will you
C. don’t you
D. won’t you
68. She would have been more agreeable if she had changed a little bit, ______? 2003
a. hadn’t she
b. hasn’t she
c. wouldn’t she
d. didn’t she
63. I suppose that he is just joking, ___?(2002)
A. don’t I B isn’t he.C isn’t it. D is it
十、倒装句
59. Little _____ about her own safety, though she herself was in great danger. (2009)
A. she cared
B. she may care
C. may she care
D. did she care
60. ______ both sides accept the agreement ______ a lasting peace be established in this region. (2004)
A. Only if, will
B. If only, would
C. Should, will
D. Unless, would
十一、副词
63. Which of the following adverbs can NOT be used to complete " ____ everybody came"?(2009)
A. Nearly
B. Quite
C. Practically
D. Almost
58. Susan is very hardworking, but her pay is not for her work. (2006)
A. enough good
B. good enough
C. as good enough
D. good as enough
53. He feels that he is not yet ____ to travel abroad. (2010)
A. too strong
B. enough strong
C. so strong
D. strong enough
61. My daughter has walked eight miles today. We never guessed that she could walk far. (2006)
A ./ B. such C. that D. as
That = 那么… ！(意指彼此都明白的程度)
This = 这么…! (用手形象地比划)
The fish is this big. I don’t think it is that big.
such = 如此之
This issue was of such importance that we could not ignore it.
64. Which of the following words can NOT be used to complete "We've seen the film____"?(2010)
A. before
B. recently
C. lately
D. yet
49.Issues of price, place, promotion, and product are ____conventional concerns in planning marketing strategies.
A. these of the most
B. most of those
C. among the most
D. among the many
of(2004)
十二、代词
51. Our association, which has consistently pressed for greater employment opportunities for the disabled, will publish ____ proposals in the near future. （2008）
A. their
B. our
C. his
D. its
56. Your ideas, ____, seem unusual to me.(2003)
A. like her
B. like hers
C. similar to her
D. similar to herself
59. When one has good health, _____ should feel fortunate. (2010)
A. you
B. they
C. he
D. we
61. The following are all correct responses to" Who told the news to the teacher?" EXCEPT（2008）
A. Jim did this.
B. Jim did so.
C. Jim did that.
D. Jim did.
65. Children who stay away from school do ________for different reasons. (2005)
A. them
B. /
C. it
D. theirs
十三、状语从句
时间状语从句：
56. I enjoyed myself so much ____ I visited my friends in Paris last year. （2008）
A. when
B. which
C. that
D. where
让步状语从句
1._______I like economics I like sociology much better. 2003
a. As much as
b. So much
c. How much
d. Much as
2. Fool___ Jane/Jerry is, she/he could not have done such a thing. (2010) 2002
a. who
b. as
c. that
d. like
55.___ he wanted to go out with his friends at the weekend, he had to stay behind to finish his assignment. （2008）
A. Much though
B. Much as
C. As much
D. Though much
52. _________, Mr. Wells is scarcely in sympathy with the working class. (2005)
A. Although he is a socialist
B. Even if he is a socialist
C. Being a socialist
D. Since he is a socialist
52. ______I'll marry him all the same. (2004)
A. Was he rich or poor
B. Whether rich or poor
C. Were he rich or poor
D. Be he rich or poor
结果状语从句
1.-----Does Alan like limburgers? 2003
-----Yes. So much ______ that he eats them
a. for
b. as
c. to
d. so
方式状语从句
1. She did her work _____her manager had instructed. 2002
a. as
b. until
c. when
d. though
原因状语从句
54. Men differ from animals ____ they can think and speak. （2008）
A. for which
B. for that
C. in that
D. in which
条件状语从句
64. He asked me to lend him some money, which I agreed to do,_ that he paid me back the following week. (2005)
A. on occasion
B. on purpose
C. on condition
D. only if
比较状语从句
1. The experiment requires more money than _______.2002
a. have been put in
b. being put in
c. has been put in
d. to be put in
61. There search requires more money than _______.（2007）
A. have been put in
B. has been put in
C. being put in
D. to be put in
60. They stood chatting together as easily and naturally as ____.（2008）
A. it could be
B. could be
C. it was
D. was
十四、限定词位置
57. Which of the following is INCORRECT? （2008）
A. All his lectures were boring. C. Her few friends are all fond of dancing.
B. Half his money was gone. D. He invited many his friends to the party.
56. Which of the following sentences is INCORRECT? (2010)
A. They each have two tickets.
B. They cost twenty yuan each.
C. Each they have bought the same book.
D. They were given two magazines each.
62. Which of the following sentences is INCORRECT? (2010)
A. All his lectures are very interesting.
B. Half their savings were gone.
C. Many his friends came to the party.
D. Both his sisters are nurses.
十五、句义句法理解
59. What does "He wisely refused to spend his money" mean? （2008）
A. It was wise of him to refuse to spend his money.
B. He refused to spend his money in a wise manner.
C. He was short of money and didn't want to buy anything.
D. He refused, in a wise manner, to spend his money.
51. Which of the following italicized phrases indicates CAUSE?(2010)
A. Why don't you do it for the sake of your friends?
B. I wish I could write as well as you.
C. For all his efforts, he didn't get an A.
D. Her eyes were red from excessive reading.
63. Which of the following sentences has an object complement? (2010)
A. The directors appointed John manager.
B. I gave Mary a Christmas present.
C. You have done Peter a favor.
D. She is teaching children English.
58. Which of the following italicized parts is used as an object? (2011)
A. What do you think has happened to her?
B. Who do you think the visiting professor is?
C. How much do you think he earns every month?
D. How quickly would you say he would come?
60. Which of the following italicized parts is a subject clause (主语从句)? (2011)
A. We are quite certain that we will get therein time.
B. He has to face the fact that there will be no pay rise this year.
C. She said that she had seen the man earlier that morning.
D. It is sheer luck that the miners are still alive after ten days.
65. Which of the following italicized phrases indicates a subject-predicate relation (主谓关系)? (2011)
A. Mr. Smith’s passport has been issued.
B. The visitor’s arrival was reported in the news.
C. John’s travel details have not been finalized.
D. The new bookstore sells children’s stories.
62. In the sentence ―The manager interviewed Jim himself in the morning‖, the italicized word is used to modify__. (2011)
A. the object.
B. the verb .
C. the subject.
D. the prepositional phrase.
52. Which of the following sentences is a COMMAND? (2011)
A. Beg your pardon.
B. Have a goodtime.
C. Never do that again!
D. What noise you are making!
53. Which of the following italicized phrases indicates purpose? (2011)
A. She said it for fun, but others took her seriously.
B. For all its effort, the team didn’t win the match.
C. Linda has worked for the firm for twenty years.
D. He set out for Beijing yesterday.
55. In phrases like freezing cold, burning hot, or soaking wet, the–ING participle is used__. (2011)
A. as a command.
B. as a condition.
C. for concession.
D. for emphasis.
64. The sentence that expresses OFFER is(2011)
A. I’ll get some drinks. What’ll you have?
B. Does she need to book a ticket now?
C. May I know your name?
D. Can you return the book next week?
十六、连词
58. Dr Johnson is head of the department, ____ an expert in translation. (2010)
A. or
B. either
C. but
D. and
十七、主谓一致
52.All the President’s Men ___one of the important books for historians who study the Watergate Scandal. （2007）
A. remain
B. remains C .remained D. is remaining
62. The statistics __ that living standards in the area have improved drastically in recent times. (2006)
A proves
B is proving
C are proving
D prove
60. It is futile to discuss the matter further, because ____ going to agree upon anything today. TEM-4 2003
A. neither you nor I are
B. neither you nor me is
C. neither you nor I am
D. neither me nor you are
61. Mr. Wells, together with all the members of his family, ______ for Europe this afternoon. (2004)
A. are to leave
B. are leaving
C. is leaving
D. leave
42. _______of the twins was arrested, because I saw both at a party last night. (2002)
A. None
B. Both
C. Neither
D. All
1. It is futile to discuss the matter further, because ____ going to agree upon anything today. 2003
a. neither you nor I are
b. neither you nor me is
c. neither you nor I am
d. neither me nor you are
十八、与as、such、so相关的题型
64. She would just ___stay___ go.(2003)
A .as soon; as.
B .rather; as to. C. prefer; to. D .sooner; as
57.It is not _____much the language as the background that makes the book difficult to understand. （2007）(2011)
A. that
B. as
C. so
D. very
not so much ..as与其说,不如说..
not as much … as …not so much as/ not so much … as …与其说…还不如说…
51. That trumpet player was certainly loud. But I wasn't bothered by his loudness _____ by his lack of talent.(2004)
A. so much as
B. rather than
C. as
D. than
60. Land belongs to the city; there is __ thing as private ownership of land. (2006)
A no such a
B not such
C not such a
D no such
*not such a ___ thing 只能在有其它修饰词或指很明确的事情/物体时用，如That's not such a good painting.那幅画不怎么样嘛。
意思不一样了，这里的意思是"没这回事儿―/―没这个概念。―
Believe it or not, there is no such thing as standard English.
53. His remarks were ________ annoy everybody at the meeting. (2005)
A. so as to
B. such as to
C. such to
D. as much as to
41. Does Alan like hamburgers?(2003)
__Yes. So much _____that he eats them almost every day.
A. for
B. as
C. to
D. so
51. There are as good fish in the sea ______ ever came out of it. （2007）
A. than
B. like
C. as
D. so
64 It was __ we had hoped. (2006)
A. more a success than
B. a success more than
C .as much of a success as
D .a success as much as
It was more a success than we had hoped.
It was as much of a success as we had hoped.
The guy is as more of an idiot as I assumed.(这个家伙和我想象中的一样混
蛋)[/size]
It was more of a success（more successful）than i expected。事情比我想象中的成功。
2016年英语专业四级考试词汇语法真题 参考答案与解析 11. How can I concentrate if you _________ continually ______ me with silly questions? A. have… interrupted B. are… interrupted C. had… interrupting D. were… interrupting 选A。虽然我觉得更应该说you are continually interrupting me with silly questions。不过这里用现在完成时表示的是一个动作发生过成为过去经历，有可能多次发生，也就是打断一次、两次、三次等等不断重复到现在。 12. Among the four sentences below, Sentence ___ expresses the highest degree of possibility? A. It may take a long time to find a solution to the problem. B. It might take a long time to find a solution to the problem. C. It could take a long time to find a solution to the problem. D. It should take a long time to find a solution to the problem. 选D。四个里把握度最高的是should，其次是may，最后是might和could。 13. She is a better speaker than _____ in the class. A. any boy B. the other boys C. other any girl D. all the girls 选A。主语是she，女的，所以不能选B。C的正确说法是any other girl。 14. Nobody heard him sing, ______? A. did one B. did he C. didn’t they D. did they 选B。根据专四语法出题依据的书《新编英语语法教程》（章振邦）317页，nobody这种附加疑问句，书面语里用he。口语里偶见they。实际上，现代英语里为了避免有语言歧视（为什么只有he，没有she），很多人都避免只用he，而多改为they。 15. I can’t put up with ________. A. that friend of you B. that friend of yours C. the friend of you D. the friend of yours 选B。根据专四语法出题依据的书《新编英语语法教程》（章振邦）57-58页，这种双重属格结构所修饰的名词可带a, any, some等表示非确定特指的限定词，但通常不带定冠词。比如a daughter of Mrs. Green’s, any/some daughters of Mrs/ Green’s。 16. There has been an increasing number of _______ in primary schools in the past few years. A. man teacher B. men teacher C. man teachers D. men teachers 选D。合成名词复数，man/woman这种，两种都要变成复数，比如women drivers。
1.主谓一致 就近原则 1.由并列结构或连词（either…or， neither…nor，not…but， not only…but also， or 等）连接的并列主语，谓语动词与靠近的那个名词或代词保持一致。 2. 在倒装句和there be句型中，谓语动词与后面的第一个主语保持一致。 例句：There is a book and some pens on the desk.桌子上有一本书和几支钢笔。 3. 在强调句中，连接代词又在句中作主语，这时它应与被强调的主语保持一致。例句：It is Mary’s brother who was injured in the car accident. 是Mary 的哥哥在车祸中受伤了。 意义一致原则 1. 当主语与谓语动词之间插入along with，with，as well as，together with，no less than，besides，except， but， including等短语时，谓语动词不受这些插入语的干扰，依然和主语保持一致。 例句：I, along with my sister, am going to Shanghai next month. 我，还有我姐姐，打算下个月去上海。 2. 英语中有一类单、复数同型的词（people，means，sheep，deer，fish等），其单、复数取决于它在句中的含义。 例句：All of the people in the country have been prepared for the great reformation.这个国家的人都已经为大变革做好了准备。 3. 多数情况下，由“what”引导的名词性从句作主语时，其后的谓语动词通常用单数形式。 例句：What I want to say is just “ Take care!”.我只想说：“多保重！” 4. 当主语与all， none， any，some等不定代词、形容词连用时，应根据具体句意，来决定其后的谓语动词的单复数。 例句：All I know about this company is what he told me yesterday.我对这家公司的了解都是昨天完他告诉我的。 5. “…+ (of) +名词”结构描述数量时，如果“of”后的名词为单数（不可数名词），则谓语动词用单数，如果名词为复数，则谓语动词用复数。 例句：Most of the water here is clean.大部分的水是干净的。 80% cotton has been sent to America.80%的棉花已经被送往美国。 Half of the apples are red.有一半儿的苹果是红的。 6. 词组“a number of， a great/good many， a group of +可数名词复数”的结构作主语时，谓语动词应用复数；如果冠词a变为the，则谓语动词用单数。 例句： A number of ancient buildings are destroyed in the war.许多的古代建筑在战争中被毁。 The number of the visitors has decreased this year. 游客的数量今年减少了。 7. 英语的集体名词（committee, crowd, family, public, group, party, team, class, club, company, union ,clergy, mankind,militia,police,people,poultry等词），指代“整体”时为单数；指代“其中的各成员”则为复数。 例句：My family was very poor when I was a little girl.当我还是一个小女孩儿的时候，我家很穷。
考研英语十二大基础语法体系 对于任何英语句子，要分析其结构，这样才能找到英语语言的规律。每种语言都有它的难点，汉语的难点在于汉语不是拼读语言，汉字很难写，而且有四种声调。其实，许多接触过多种外语的人都认为，英语的语法比法语、德语、俄语、日语等都简单，是最容易学的。著名语言学家乔姆斯基说过，语法是内生的、也就是随着语言的诞生而诞生的。因此，学习语法和学习语言是相辅相成的。 一、英语动词的时态 （一）英汉两种语言在时态表达方式上的差异： 英语的词类与汉语的不同。汉语词类形态稳定，比如“书”这个字，“一本书”、“三本书”都一样，没有词形变化。英语就不同了，book, books仅从词形上就能知道是单数还是复数。 动词是英语中变化最多、最复杂的词类。有人说，学好英语就是学好动词，此言甚是。同一个动作或状态分别在不同时间发生或存在，表达这个动作或状态的动词就要用不同的形式，这就是时态。 （二）英语动词的形式： 英语的时态是通过动词的变化来体现的。因此，了解动词的形式及其变化规律非常重要。英语的实义动词有以下五种形式： (1)动词原形：动词原形在句子中形式不变。主要用于主语为非第三人称单数的一般现在时，情态动词之后， 或根据语法规定必须用动词原形的其他情况。 (2) 一般现在时第三人称单数形式（简称现单三）：主要用于主语为第三人称单数的一般现在时。 (3) 过去式：主要用于一般过去时。 (4) 现在分词：主要用于进行时态，或语法规定的其他情况。 (5) 过去分词：主要用于完成时态，或语法规定的其他情况。 动词一般现在时第三人称单数（现单三）的构成，见下表：
即某些字母组合的不规则动词有一定的规律。如：weep→wept, sleep→slept, sweep→swept 以上每个时间段中分别有四种状态：一般、进行、完成和完成进行。因此我们便有了四四一十六个时态。 态（一般、进行、完成、完成进行）。 比如在“They are doing their exercises.”这个句子中，动词由原形do 变成are doing 的形态，说明这个事情是发生在现在、并处于正在进行的状态当中，所以叫现在进行时； 在“They have done their exercises.”这句中，动词由原形do 变成have done的形态，说明这个事情是发生在现在、并处于完成的状态，所以叫现在完成时； 在“They always do their exercises.”中，动词用原形do 的形态，说明这个事情是发生在现在、并且是一般情况下永远如此，所以叫一般现在时。 在这三句话中，动词do 虽然用了不同的形态，其意义没有变化，而是事情发生的时间和状态变了。其余类推。 （三）时态详解 16个时态中，常用的有12个：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、过去将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、将来进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时、将来完成时、现在完成进行时和过去完成进行时。其他时态很少单独使用。 下面把各种时态的构成和用法做一个全面的介绍。
英语专业四级历年语法试题 虚拟语气部分 1. If you _____ in such a hurry, you _____ sugar into the sauce instead of salt. (TEM4-1992-50) A. were not, would not put B. were, would put C. had been, would have put D. had not been, would not have put 2. _____ their help, we would not have succeeded. (TEM4-1992-55) A. Hadn’t been for B. Had not it been for C. It hadn’t been for D. Had it not been for 3. She asked that she _____ allowed to see her son in police custody. (TEM4-1993-50) A. would be B. could b C. be D. was 4. _____ your timely advice, I would never have known how to go about the work.
(TEM4-1994-53) A. Unless B. But for C. Except for D. Not for 5. It was recommended that passengers _____ smoke during the flight. (TEM4-1994-58) A.not B. need not C. could not D. would not 6. _____ you were busy, I wouldn’t have bothered you with questions. (TEM4-1994-62) A. If I realized B. Had I realized C. I realized D. As I realized 7. _____, he would not have recovered so quickly. (TEM4-1995-65) A. Hadn’t he been taken good care of B. Had he not been taken good care of C. Had not he been taken good care of D. Had he been not taken good care of 8. I _____ the party much more if there hadn’t been quite such a crowd of people
英语语法试题 2 51. Give me your telephone number ________ I need your help. A) whether C) so that B) unless D) in case 52. They lost their way in the forest, and _____ made matters worse was that night began to fall. A) that C) what B) it D) which 53. _________ to speak when the audience interrupted him. A) Hardly had he begun C) Not until he began B) No sooner had he begun D) Scarcely did he begin 54. I will give this dictionary to _________ wants to have it. A) whomever C) whoever B) someone D) anyone 55. The engineers are going through with their highway project, ________ the expenses have risen. A) even though C) now that B) just because D) as though 56. Water will continue to be _________ it is today ------- next in importance to oxygen. A) how C) as B) which D) what 57. Prof. Lee’s book will show you _________ can be used in other contexts. A) that you have observed C) how that you have observed B) that how you have observed D) how what you have observed 58. You can arriv e in Beijing earlier for the meeting _________ you don’t mind taking the night train. A) provided C) though B) unless D) until 59. Most electronic devices of this kind, _______ manufactured for such purposes, are tightly packed. A) that are C) which is B) as are D) it is 60. As for the winter, it is inconvenient to be cold, with most of ________ furnace fuel is allowed saved for the dawn. A) what C) which B) that D) such 61. Living in the central Australian desert has its problems, _________ obtaining water is not the least. A) of which C) on which B) for what D) in which 62. _________ is generally accepted, economical growth is determined by the smooth development of production. A) What C) It B) That D) As 63. Hydrogen is the fundamental element of the universe ________ it provides the building blocs from which the other elements are produced. A) so that C) in that B) but that D) provided that 64. The senior librarian at the circulation desk promised to get the book for me ________ she could remember who last borrowed it. A) ever since C) even though B) much as D) if only
初中英语语法大全 最牛英语口语培训模式：躺在家里练口语，全程外教一对一，三个月畅谈无阻！太平洋英语，免费体验全部外教一对一课程：https://www.doczj.com/doc/3113962963.html, 1 (see 、hear 、notice 、find 、feel 、listen to 、 look at (感官动词)+do eg:I like watching monkeys jump 2 （比较级 and 比较级）表示越来越怎么样 3 a piece of cake =easy 小菜一碟（容易） 4 agree with sb 赞成某人 5 all kinds of 各种各样 a kind of 一样 6 all over the world = the whole world 整个世界 7 along with同……一道，伴随…… eg : I will go along with you我将和你一起去 the students planted trees along with their teachers 学生同老师们一起种树 8 As soon as 一怎么样就怎么样 9 as you can see 你是知道的 10 ask for ……求助向…要…（直接接想要的东西） eg : ask you for my book 11 ask sb for sth 向某人什么 12 ask sb to do sth 询问某人某事 ask sb not to do 叫某人不要做某事 13 at the age of 在……岁时 eg：I am sixteen I am at the age of sixteen 14 at the beginning of …… ……的起初；……的开始 15 at the end of +地点/+时间最后；尽头；末尾 eg : At the end of the day 16 at this time of year 在每年的这个时候 17 be /feel confident of sth /that clause +从句感觉/对什么有信心，自信 eg : I am / feel confident of my spoken English I feel that I can pass the test 18 be + doing 表：1 现在进行时 2 将来时 19 be able to (+ v 原) = can (+ v 原）能够…… eg : She is able to sing She can sing 20 be able to do sth 能够干什么 eg :she is able to sing 21 be afraid to do (of sth 恐惧，害怕…… eg : I'm afraed to go out at nigh t I'm afraid of dog 22 be allowed to do 被允许做什么 eg: I'm allowed to watch TV 我被允许看电视 I should be allowed to watch TV 我应该被允许看电视 23 be angry with sb 生某人的气 eg : Don't be angry with me 24 be angry with(at) sb for doing sth 为什么而生某人的气 25 be as…原级…as 和什么一样 eg : She is as tall as me 她和我一样高 26 be ashamed to 27 be away from 远离 28 be away from 从……离开 29 be bad for 对什么有害 eg : Reading books in the sun is bad for your eyes 在太阳下看书对你的眼睛不好 30 be born 出生于 31 be busy doing sth 忙于做什么事 be busy with sth 忙于…… 32 be careful 当心；小心33 be different from…… 和什么不一样 34 be famous for 以……著名 35 be friendly to sb 对某人友好 36 be from = come from 来自 eg ：He is from Bejing He comes from Bejing Is he from Bejing ? Does he come from Bejing ? 37 be full of 装满……的 be filled with 充满 eg: the glass is full of water the glass is filled with water 38 be glad+to+do/从句 39 be going to + v(原）将来时 40 be good at(+doing) = do well in 在某方面善长, 善于…… 41 be good for 对什么有好处 eg : Reading aloud is good for your English 42 be happy to do 很高兴做某事 43 be helpful to sb 对某人有好处 eg : Reading aloud is helpful to you 大声朗读对你有好处 Exercising is helpful to your bady 锻炼对你的身体有好处
非谓语动词的其他考点 1.接不定式或动名词做宾语都可以，但在意思上有区别的动词的用法 mean to do想要(做某事) mean doing意味(做某事) propose to do 打算(做某事) propose doing建议(做某事) forget to do忘记(要做的事) forget doing忘记(已做的事) remember to do记得(要做某事) remember doing记得(做过) go on to do继而(做另一件事) go on doing继续(做原来的事) stop to do停下来去做另一件事stop doing停止正在做的事 regret to do(对将要做的事)遗憾regret doing(对已做过的事)后悔 2.不定式的习惯用法 句型：cannot help but do cannot but do cannot choose but do can do nothing but do have no choice/alternative but to do上述句型的意思接近，即“不得不做”、“不禁做”、“不由自主地做”、“不能不做”、“只能做”。如： Nobody can help but be fascinated by the world into which he is taken by the science fiction. When I consider how talented he is as a painter, I cannot help but believe that the public will appreciate his gift. 3.动名词的习惯用法 句型：be busy/active doing sth. have diffi culty/trouble/problem doing sth. It’s no good/use/picnic doing sth. have a good/great/wonderful time doing sth. spend/waste time doing sth. There is no point/sense/harm/ use doing sth. cannot help doing sth. There is no doing sth. I know it isn’t important but I can’t help thinking about it. There is no use crying over spilt milk.
完整版专四英语语法 考点
语法考点之一：虚拟语气 考点1. If从句中的虚拟语气 1、与过去事实相反：从句sb had done，主句sb would(should, could, might)+ have done； 2、省略if，从句的语序用到装，即将were, had或 should移至主语的前面，但否定词not不前移。 3、与将来事实相反：从句sb did (should+do或were+to do)，主句sb would (should, could, might)+do。 4、错综条件句：主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间段。 比如：从句对过去虚拟，而主句对现在虚拟，即从句sb had done，主句sb would(should, could, might)+do； 考点2：表示建议、要求、命令等动词如insist, order, command, suggest, advise, propose, ask, require, request, demand引导的从句及it引导的相应的分词、名词和形容词从句，谓语用（should)+动词原形。 考点3：It is +advisable, essential, important, imperative, incredible等从句，谓语用（should）+动词原形。 考点4：it is (high/about) time that的结构中，从句使用一般过去式。例如: 考点5：much as"尽管，虽然"引导让步状语从句，从句中用would have done表示假设。 考点6：if only, wish, as if/as though引导从句， 与过去事实相反：had + done； 与现在事实相反：动词过去式； 与将来事实相反：could/would + do 考点7：would rather/sooner从句中 使用一般过去式或过去完成式 分别表示对现在或过去的虚拟 考点8：lest / for fear that+(should ) +原形动词。 语法考点之二：情态动词 *情态动词: will（愿意）, shall（将）, must（必须）, can, may, would, should (应该), might, could, ought to, used to（过去常常）, need（需要）, dare（竟敢），have to（不得不） 考试中，情态动词部分重点测试以下内容： （1）情态动词+行为动词完成式（表示推测） （2）某些情态动词的特殊用法 考点1. 情态动词＋have＋过去分词结构表示推测 (1) must have done表示推测过去某事“一定”发生了。否定形式为：can’t / couldn’t have v-ed, 表示过去不可能发生某事。 (2) could have done表示推测过去某动作“很可能”发生了。 (3) may / might have done 表示推测过去某事“也许”发生了.
英语语法大全 对于任何英语句子，要分析其结构，这样才能找到英语语言的规律。每种语言都有它的难点，汉语的难点在于汉语不是拼读语言，汉字很难写，而且有四种声调。其实，许多接触过多种外语的人都认为，英语的语法比法语、德语、俄语、日语等都简单，是最容易学的。著名语言学家乔姆斯基说过，语法是内生的、也就是随着语言的诞生而诞生的。因此，学习语法和学习语言是相辅相成的。 一、英语动词的时态 （一）英汉两种语言在时态表达方式上的差异： 英语的词类与汉语的不同。汉语词类形态稳定，比如“书”这个字，“一本书”、“三本书”都一样，没有词形变化。英语就不同了，book, books 仅从词形上就能知道是单数还是复数。 动词是英语中变化最多、最复杂的词类。有人说，学好英语就是学好动词，此言甚是。同一个动作或状态分别在不同时间发生或存在，表达这个动作或状态的动词就要用不同的形式，这就是时态。 （二）英语动词的形式： 英语的时态是通过动词的变化来体现的。因此，了解动词的形式及其变化规律非常重要。英语的实义动词有以下五种形式： (1)动词原形：动词原形在句子中形式不变。主要用于主语为非第三人称单数的一般现在时，情态动词之后，或根据语法规定必须用动词原形的其他情况。 (2) 一般现在时第三人称单数形式（简称现单三）：主要用于主语为第三人称单数的一般现在时。 (3) 过去式：主要用于一般过去时。 (4) 现在分词：主要用于进行时态，或语法规定的其他情况。 (5) 过去分词：主要用于完成时态，或语法规定的其他情况。
动词一般现在时第三人称单数（现单三）的构成，见下表： 与名词变复数形式相同，读音也相同。 动词过去式和过去分词，大多数是动词原形+ ed 构成，这是规则动词。规则动词的拼写和读音规则如下表：
英语专四语法重点总结(适合短时间提高) 英语专四语法重点总结(适合短时间提高) 一代数名词数词 1 在使用两个以上的人称代词时顺序是:第二人称第三人称第一人 称 2 everyone后面不可以跟of短语 every one 就可以 3 以‘名词/动名词+介词（短语）/形容词/副词/动词不定式’构成的复合名词， 它的复数形式是将作为主要部分的名词或动名词变为复 数直接来源于短语或以可数名词结尾的复合名词的复数形式是将最后一个构词部分变为复数以‘man 或者woman+名词’构成的复合名词的复数形式是 将两个组成部分全变成复数以不可数名词结尾的复合名词无复数形式如：homework 4 物质名词一般不可数，但用于表示‘各种不同品种’时几乎都可做可数名词如：different teas 当抽象名词前后有修饰语表示‘某一种’或‘某一方面’的抽象概念时其前可加a/an 6 名词所有格要点：必须用’s的场合 1）’s属格用于表示时间，度量衡，价值的名词之后 2）作为一个整体的词组在最后一个词加’s 3）人或物为两人共有，在第二个名词后加’s 4）当所有格后面的名词是人们熟悉的建筑物如商店，住家，教堂，医院等，此名词常省略 5）复合名词在最后一个词后加’s 6）当被修饰的名词后有同位语时，必须用’s 7 当用来表示类别或属性时，要用’s children’s shoes 儿童鞋，必须用of的场合 1）名词后跟有后置修饰语或同位语时 2）以定冠词加分词或形容词表示一类人时 如果dozen/score/hundred/thousand/million前有基数词以表示确切数目时，都不能用复数形式如果用来表示很多有不确切的数目时，须用复数，而且后面加of 8 表示顺序的两种方式： 1）‘名词+基数词’，不用冠词，如Chapter four
1. My pain ____ apparent the moment I walked into the room, for the first man I met asked sympathetically: "Are you feeling all right?" A. must be B. must have been C. had been D. had to be 2. It is only when you nearly lose someone ____ fully conscious of how much you value him. A. do you become B. then you become C. that you become D. have you become 3. Just as the soil is a part of the earth, ___ the atmosphere. A. as it is B. so is C. the same as D. and so is 4. While driving along the treacherous road, ___ . A. my right rear tire blew out B. my right rear tire had a blowout C. I had a blowout on my right rear tire D. I had my right rear tire blowout 5. Jean Wagner's most enduring contribution to the study of Afro-American Poetry is his insistence that ___________ it in a religious, as well as worldly, frame of reference. A. is to be analyzed B. has been analyzed C. be analyzed D. should have been analyzed 6. __ there is little we can do to modify the weather, we can at least know what kind of weather to expect. A. Since B. When C. While D. Unless 7. This organization brought Western artists together in the hope of making more of an impact on the art community _____ any of them could inpidually and to promote Western art by women. A. rather than B. rather C. than D. other than 8. But the Swiss discovered long years ago that constant warfare brought them ___ suffering and poverty. A. anything but B. nothing but C. none other than D. no more than 9. After ___ seemed an endless wait, it was her turn to step into the doctor's office. A. it B. that C. what D. which 10. The board deemed it's urgent that these files ___ right away. A. had to be printed B. should have been printed C. must be printed D. should be printed 11. The sale usually takes place outside the house, with the audience ___ on benches, chairs or boxes. A. having seated B. seating C. seated D. having been seated 12. __ in this way, the situation doesn't seem so disappointing. A. To look at B. Looking at C. Looked at D. To be looked at 13. Nobody came to see me while I was out, ___ ? A. did they B. didn't they C. did she D. didn't she 14. You will see this product ___ wherever you go. A. to be advertised B. advertised C. advertise D. advertising 15. Suddenly ___ fire broke out in the room and everything in it was soon on ___ fire. A. /, a B. The, / C. a, / D. /, the 16. If you ___ Jerry Brown until recently, you'd think the photograph on the right was strange. A. shouldn't contact B. weren't to contact C. didn't contact D. hadn't contacted 17. Scientists think __ helps some trees to conserve water in the winter. A. when losing leaves B. leaves are lost C. that losing leaves D. the leaves losing
英语专业四级语法汇总 语法回顾篇： 专四语法考点虚拟语气、情态动词、非谓语动词、复合句、倒装、小语法（省略，时态，反义疑问句，代词，强调句，主谓一致，冠词，形容词及副词）、as 的特殊用法。 专四英语语法考点串讲之一虚拟语气 一般说来，有下列几种考点需要考生注意(十考点及两备考点） 考点1. 与现在事实相反 从句谓语动词用did (be用were)， 主句谓语动词would (should, could, might)+do； 考点2. 与过去事实相反 从句谓语动词用had done， 主句谓语动词用would(should, could, might)+ have done； 例如： 43. I _________the party much more if there hadn’t been quite such a crowd of people there. A. would enjoy B. will have enjoyed C. would have enjoyed D. will be enjoying KEY: C 49. All of us would have enjoyed the party much more if there _________ quite such a crowd of people there. A. weren’t B. hasn’t been C. hadn’t been D. wouldn’t KEY: C 考点3.与将来事实相反， 从句谓语动词用：did (should + do或were + to do)， 主句谓语动词用：would (should, could, might)+do。
英语语法大全之种时态 TPMK standardization office【 TPMK5AB- TPMK08- TPMK2C- TPMK18】
师大附小 英语语法大全小学教育 Jwwang 2017-8-16
目录 一、什么是时态？ (1) 1.1 时间的定义 (1) 1.2 状态的定义 (1) 二、动词的十二类时态 (2) 2.1 一般式 (2) 2.1.1 一般现在时（DO） (2) 2.1.2 一般过去时（DID） (2) 2.1.3 一般将来时（WILL DO） (2) 2.2 进行式 (3) 2.2.1 现在进行时（AM/IS/ARE DOING） (3) 2.2.2 过去进行时（WAS/WERE DOING） (3) 2.2.3 将来进行时（WILL BE DOING） (3) 2.3 完成式 (4) 2.3.1 现在完成时（HAVE/HAS DONE） (4) 2.3.2 过去完成时（HAD DONE） (4) 2.3.3 将来完成时（WILL HAVE DONE） (5) 2.4 完成进行式 (5) 2.4.1 现在完成进行时（HAVE/HAS BEEN DOING） (5) 2.4.2 过去完成进行时（HAD BEEN DOING） (6) 2.4.3 将来完成进行时（WILL HAVE BEEN DOING） (6) 2.5 过去将来时 (7) 2.5.1 一般过去将来时（WOULD DO） (8) 2.5.2 过去将来进行时（WOULD BE DOING） (8) 2.5.3 过去将来完成时（WOULD HAVE DONE） (8) 2.5.4 过去将来完成进行时（WOULD HAVE BEEN DOING） (8)