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最新-江苏省2018高考英语考试说明词汇表解析及教学方略精品

最新-江苏省2018高考英语考试说明词汇表解析及教学方略精品
最新-江苏省2018高考英语考试说明词汇表解析及教学方略精品

江苏考试说明词汇表解析及教学方略

【摘要】近三年《江苏英语考试说明》中的词汇表都有变化,对词汇的要求有所提高。

词汇表调整比较合理,但也有欠缺之处。近年高考较好地体现了词汇表的要求。

【关键词】词汇表合理欠缺高考

近三年《江苏英语考试说明》中的词汇表都有变化。这种增删的原则是什么?是否合理?

有无欠缺之处?高考趋势如何?2018年高三备考怎样应对?本文从三个方面作简要分析。

一、近三年江苏考试说明词汇表变化趋势

2018年是新课程标准实施后第一年高考。江苏省仍然自主命题,撤下仅用了两年的题

型“对话填空”,以新题型“任务型阅读”取而代之。《2018年江苏考试说明》词汇表按照《英

语课程标准》的词汇表,列出3450个单词。八级要求词汇用星号标出。比《2018年全国考纲》和《2018年江苏省考试说明》多出1500个单词,词汇要求明显提高。

《2018年江苏省考试说明》的词汇表略有增删。《18说明》中公布:在18年3450个单词的基础上,删除40个,新增120个。实际上删除79个,新增118个。删除79个单词如下:abortion,adolescence,alcoholic,anchor,anecdote,appreciation,are,bacterium,bacteria,

barbershop,basin,bean curd,beddings,blackboard,botany,bound,brunch,changeable,circulate,compass,contradictory,dioxide,drawback,educator,everything,export,fist,

forgetful,grandparents,grill,grocer,handful,harmony,heel,irrigation,kindergarten,

lamb,message,messy,motorcycle,motto,mustard,outgoing,permanent,persuade,plane,

radium,respond,responsibility,rewind,ripen,rooster,seashell,semicircle,service,sharpener,sideroad,sideway,signature,skateboard,statesman,stateswoman,stove,sunburnt,

supreme,tailor,tasteless,thermos,tram,trial,videophone,violate,violinist,wolf,wolves,

woman,women,wonder,zipper

新增118个单词:

alien,arch,assembly,assignment,associate,bake,bang,booklet,bump,capable,chamber,

charity,chase,coach,column,community,complaint,conscious,contact,context,cooperation,

corridor,county,cricket,crisis,critic,crown,current,cute,darling,define,definite,definition,deposit,depression,despite,destruction,detail,determination,device, economic,

economy,element,emotion,emotional,engineering,essential,estimate,ethnic,

evil,

facility,factor,fascinating,feature,financial,gene,household,image,impact,individual,

infection,intellectual,interpret,invest,ladder,landscape,lane,loan,location,maintain,

margin,military,mood,mystery,negative,nevertheless,numerous,obtain,occasion,offence,opportunity,oven,panel,peak,penalty,philosophy,pole,poverty,priest,prince,property,proposal,protein,psychological,qualified,release,responsible,restore,rural,secondary,series,shift,sign,site,smart,snap,solution,somewhat,sore,stream,stretch,strip,survey,threat,threaten,tunnel,weapon,wrap 从新增单词来看,对词汇要求略有提高,更贴紧江苏省牛津版教材。而且增加了一些与

社会热点、时尚话题有关的热词。去除了越来八级词汇的星号,即八级单词与非八级单词同

等要求。

《2018年江苏考试说明》词汇表又有增删。增删依据之一仍然是“《朗文当代高级英语辞典》及其他常用辞典中的常用词和非常用词”。《10说明》中公布删除单词为169个,新增单词164个。实际上删除单词126个,新增标注了星号的单词167个,另有未标注星号的22个。这一次增删比2018年考虑精细,确实删除了一些较冷僻的单词,增加了一些较常用,而且似

乎是以前漏落的单词。

2018年删除的126个单词如下:

absurd,accumulate,acquaintance,acute,adaptation,addicted,adore,algebra,alien,allergic,altitude,aluminium,America,Antarctic,apron,arbitrary,Arctic,arithmetic,assembly,assess,astronaut,astronomer,astronomy,athletic,autonomous,awesome,badminton,bang,bent,bingo,biochemistry,biography,bishop,booth,botanical,brewery,Buddhism,bungalow,chamber,choir,chorus,Christian,collision,compromise,condemn,consensus,controversial,corridor,cosy,cricket,criterion,criteria,crown,cuisine,cushion,destruction,determination,diagram,dilemma,estimate,ethnic,fingernail,first,friction,geometry,giraffe,herb,howl,hydrogen,immediately,lantern,maple,missile,nutrition,outspoken,oval,paddle,pancake,pest,pregnant,priest,primitive,prince,protein,punctual,pyramid,qualified,quilt,radiation,radioactive,recipe,referee,salute,saucer,scar,sculpture,seagull,seaweed,sparrow,spear,steward,stout,strait,strip,substitute,superb,surplus,suspension,sword,symphony,temple,tentative,thinking,thunder-storm,tick,tomb,toothbrush,toothpaste,tortoise,tournament,trolleybus,unconditional,underwear,wrestle,yell,yummy

新增标注了星号的单词167个(另有未标注星号的22个下文列出):

acceptable,according,all right,beginning,blonde,career,claim,clause,client,clue,code,collapse,combination,commission,concerned,confidence,considerable,contract,cope,council,critical,criticism,criticize,demanding,deny,discipline,display,domestic,educational,effective,elderly,emphasize,employer,employment,enable,English,ensure,entitle,environmental,establish,everything,export,extent,fascinating,fashion,formal,fund,gap,heating hell,

historical,ideal,identify,illustrate,imagination,immediate,imply,impressive,improvement,including,industrial,inflation,inner,install,instance,intelligent,interested,internal,investigate,involve,issue,item,joint,justify,keen,later,layer,leadership,liberal,literally,lost,lump,marvelous,massive membership,message,migration,misery,moreover,mug,mum,mummy,muscle,nasty,negotiation nonsense,noway,odd,opposition,option,original,overall,pants payment,persuade,pizza,plane,player presence,priority,professional,provided,providing qualify,reaction,realistic,recall,regarding,region,regional,relieve,remaining,removal,resource,response,responsibility,reveal,sake,scale,scheme,sector,selection,service,setting,sexual,shocking,significant,similarity simply,sin,slap,solve,source,stall,structure,stuff submission,sufficient,sum,sustainable,territory,tone,transfer,transportation,tremendous,trial,underneath,unemployed,vary,weapon,weird,whenever,whoever,woman,wonder,wrap,yeah

二、近三年词汇表优点及增删中的不足之处

近三年的《江苏考试说明》词汇表都是以《英语课程标准》的教学理念为原则,以其

教学要求为目标,以其词汇表为依据而设定。2018年起,词汇量要求和词汇运用要求就大大

超过《全国考纲》,比《全国考纲》多1500个单词。在“运用”要求上除了阅读文章中词汇

的词义、搭配、句式都增加深度外,又增添了一个新题型——任务型阅读。该题型要求考生

阅读一篇500词左右的长文章后,再完成一个150词左右的,表格形式的立体式阅读。然后

将信息整合,填入10个所需要的单词。2018年、2018年都延用该题型。近三年的《江苏考

试说明》词汇表顺应了《英语课程标准》要求,符合社会发展和改革开放的形势,也促进了

教学要求的提高。

2018年和2018年都对词汇表进行了增删。这些增删总体上使词汇表更贴近教材,更关注学生,更具有时代精神。2018年所增加的有些词是很常用的词:bake, darling, definite, detail, oven, peak, pole, sign, wrap等等。有一些词比较新潮时尚:column, community, cooperation, crisis, device, economic, emotion, gene, invest, loan等等。2018年删除单词也比较合理,将较冷僻的单词删掉能减轻考生的负担。例如:abortion, anchor, anecdote, bacterium, dioxide, grill, mustard, rooster, violate等等。大多数被删除

的单词在词汇表中有它的同根词。考生可以利用

构词法认识这些被删除的单词。请看下表39个被删单词及保留的同根词:

被删的单词保留的单词被删的单词保留的单词

adolescence alcoholic appreciation beddings barbershop blackboard bean curd botany changeable contradictor y adolescent

alcohol

appreciate

bed

barber, shop

black, board

bean

botanical

change

contradict

draw, back

respond

responsibil

ity

rewind

ripen

semicircle

service

sharpener

sideroad

sideway

signature

responsible

responsible

wind

ripe

circle

serve,

servant

sharpen

side, road

side, way

sign

drawback educator forgetful grandparents grocer handful harmony messy motorcycle plane educate

forget

grand, parent

grocery

hand, handy

harmonious

mess

motor, cycle

airplane

skateboard

statesman

sunburnt

tasteless

trial

videophone

violinist

wonder

zipper

skate, board

state

sun, burnt

taste

try

video, phone

violin

wonderful

zip

2018年词汇表还有一个较大的变化就是去除了2018年词汇表中所有的标注八级词汇的星

号。虽然《2018年江苏考试说明》对此未加解释,但笔者认为原因有三:一是随着《英语课

程标准》的实施,新的教学理念和教学方法进一步贯彻落实,学生的知识水平、技能技巧都

有较大提高,情感态度、学习策略和文化意识也有相应的改善。将仅有的3500个单词再定一个频度等级或者一个学习等级显得没有必要。也会让广大师生产生误解,甚至混乱。事实上,

2018年带星号的许多单词使用频率很高,不宜作为二级词汇。二是如果列出二级词汇,高考

试题就必须有所体现。如何将带星号和不带星号的单词把握准确地呈现在试卷中适当的位置,

并要求考生程度不同地运用,是拟题者的一大难点。三是词汇表中不宜有太多的符号。新增

的单词固然要加注记号,如果再有一些标记就显得杂乱。

2018年词汇表增删中的欠缺之处也很明显:

1、所删单词的数字与公布的数字不吻合。《2018年江苏考试说明》公布删去40个单词,实际上删去79个单词。除上述两例中所列出的48个单词外,还删除这31个单词:are , bacteria, basin, bound, brunch, compass, circulate, everything, export,

fist, heel, irrigation, kindergarten, lamb, message, motto, outgoing, permanent,

persuade, radium, seashell, stateswoman, stove, supreme, tailor, thermos, tram, wolf, wolves, woman, women

2、新增单词与公布的数字不吻合,少数单词不是新增。公布新增120个单词,实际上

带星号的单词是118个。其中有6个是2018年就有的,不属新增。它们是:arch,associate,coach,obtain,offence,stream。

3、5个单词2018年新增加,但未加星号,它们是:first,guys,harmonious,okay,route。

4、删除的单词中有几个单词不应该删除,这可能是因为疏忽。这些单词供读者讨论:

fist,heel这两词是人体部位词,较常用。其他一些人体部位词也保留了,例如:jaw, cheek, finger, forehead, wrist 等等。kindergarten是每个人必不可少的学习经历,不应删除。persuade, everything, export, message 都比较常用,《全国考试大纲》都有,也不应删除。wolf,wolves删除了,而其他几个常见动物却保留了,如:tiger,fox,bear,elephant,panda。woman,women更不应删除。

5、数词forty没有删除,是因为拼法特别故意保留的吗?本来数词单独列出。如果是

故意保留,另外一些易错数词为什么没有保留?象ninth, fiftieth等等。

6、新增的单词虽然有一定的词典依据,但都是江苏自编的牛津译林版教材中的单词。

似乎给人一种感觉,江苏高考试题偏重于本省教材,对其他教材有排外现象

2018年增删单词比2018年更科学、合理。新增单词补上了一些常用词和2018年漏落的单词。例如:caree, everything, export, gap, item, lost, lump, message, mug, plane,

vary, whenever, woman, wonder等等。删除了一些不太常用的单词,甚至有的是2018年新增的单词。还删除了一些词汇表中有其同根词的派生词。例如:

1、删除了非常用词:acute, algebra, allergic, aluminium, arbitrary等等。

2、删除了2018年新增的但又非常用的单词17个:alien, assembly, bang, chamber, corridor,cricket, crown, destruction, determination, estimate, ethnic, priest, prince, protein, qualified, release, strip。

3、删除了词汇表中有其同根词的派生词:删除acquaintance,保留aquire;删除adaptation,保留adapt;删除immediately,新增immediate等等。

但是2018年的词汇表增删仍有欠缺之处:

1、2018年和2018年增删单词的依据相同,但2018年新增的单词中有17个单词2018年又被删除。这给人一种感觉:《江苏考试说明》中所提的“增删依据”是否具有权威性、科

学性?两年的增删依据是否有矛盾之处?

2、2018年增删单词的实际数字与公布的数字仍然有较大出入。公布删除169个,实际删除126个,上文已列出。公布新增164个,实际增加191个。上文已列出167个标注了星号的新增单词,漏落星号的22个新增单词如下:

application,basin,blackboard,changeable,communism,communist,complicated,contradictory,crack,exception,fluency,grandparent,incidentally,junction,kindergarten,

launch,limited,minor,Olympic,respond,rewind,surgery

3、有一些单词没有必要增加,可以通过比较简单的构词法认识该词,例如:player, employer, interested, educational等等。

4、2018年词汇表中还有一些小错:communism大写不对;Olympic小写不对;weapon, whenever, wrap等词不必标注星号,2018年就有这些词;firm漏落编号“1”,“2”。复数women 不该漏落。

5、《2018年江苏考试说明》新增的漫画书面表达示例中,有一关键词underwear。不认识此词就不可能领悟漫画的幽默之处。而2018年词汇表恰恰将该词删除。

三、高考试题如何体现词汇表的变化以及高考冲刺方略

仅以任务型阅读为例,高考试题充分体现《江苏考试说明》的词汇表要求。2018年的

任务型阅读含有超出《2018年全国高考大纲》的生词46个,达到8.1%。它们是:teamwork 团队协作observation 观察

gym 体操topic 主题

data 数据explore 探寻

analyze 分析issue 问题

evaluate 评估detailed 详细的

evaluation 评估source 来源

productive 多产的,出产的trace 追踪,寻找

assign 分配,分派origin 源处

ensure 保证unexpectedly 意想不到

十年高考英语高频词汇归纳

近十年高考英语高频词汇归纳 1 .alter v. 改变,改动,变更 2 .burst vi.n. 突然发生,爆裂 3. dispose vi. 除掉;处置;解决;处理(of) 4 .blast n. 爆炸;气流vi. 炸,炸掉 5. consume v. 消耗,耗尽 6. split v. 劈开;割裂;分裂a.裂开的 7. spit v. 吐(唾液等);唾弃 8 .spill v. 溢出,溅出,倒出 9. slip v. 滑动,滑落;忽略 1 0.slide v. 滑动,滑落n. 滑动;滑面;幻灯片 11. bacteria n. 细菌 12. breed n. 种,品种v. 繁殖,产仔 13.budget n. 预算v. 编预算,作安排 14.candidate n. 候选人 15.campus n. 校园 16.liberal a. 慷慨的;丰富的;自由的 17.transform v. 转变,变革;变换 18.transmit v. 传播,播送;传递 19.transplant v. 移植 20.transport vt. 运输,运送n. 运输,运输工具 21.shift v. 转移;转动;转变 22.vary v. 变化,改变;使多样化 23.vanish vi. 消灭,不见 24.swallow v. 吞下,咽下n. 燕子 25.suspicion n. 怀疑,疑心 26.suspicious a. 怀疑的,可疑的 https://www.doczj.com/doc/3a16664518.html,d a. 温暖的,暖和的;温柔的,味淡的 28.tender a. 温柔的;脆弱的 29.nuisance n. 损害,妨害,讨厌(的人或事物) 30.insignificant a. 无意义的,无足轻重的;无价值的 31.accelerate vt. 加速,促进 32.absolute a. 绝对的,无条件的;完全的 33.boundary n. 分界线,边界 34.brake n. 刹车,制动器v. 刹住(车) 35.catalog n. 目录(册)v. 编目 36.vague a. 模糊的,不明确的 37.vain n. 徒劳,白费 38.extinct a. 绝灭的,熄灭的 39.extraordinary a. 不平常的,特别的,非凡的 40.extreme a. 极度的,极端的n. 极端,过分 41.agent n. 代理人,代理商;动因,原因 42.alcohol n. 含酒精的饮料,酒精

(完整版)2018年江苏高考英语专题一语法知识:第6讲名词性从句

第6讲名词性从句 1.We choose this hotel because the price for a night here is down to 20,half of________ it used to charge.(2017·江苏,26) A.that B.which C.what D.how 答案 C 解析考查宾语从句。句意为:我们选择这家旅馆,因为这里一晚的价格降到了20美元,这是它以前要价的一半。从句意看,本句的half of部分在句中作

20的同位语,由此可知这里要用what引导宾语从句,作介词of的宾语,同时what在宾语从句中又作charge的宾语,因此选C。2.Every year,________ makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival. (2017·北京,23) A.whatever B.whoever C.whomever D.whichever 答案 B 解析考查主语从句。句意为:每年,在风筝节上风筝做得最漂亮的人会赢得奖品。whoever 无论谁,表泛指,在句中作主语,相当于anyone who。whomever在句中只能作宾语,不合题意;whatever任何……的事物;whichever无论哪个,无论哪些。 3.Jane moved aimlessly down the tree-lined street,not knowing ________ she was heading. (2017·北京,26) A.why B.where C.how D.when 答案 B 解析考查宾语从句。句意为:简沿着绿树成荫的街道漫无目的地走着,并不知道要去哪里。why为什么;how怎样;when什么时候。 4.She asked me ________ I had returned the books to the library,and I admitted that I hadn’t.(2017·天津,4) A.when B.where C.whether D.what 答案 C 解析考查宾语从句。句意为:她问我是否已将那些书还给了图书馆,我承认还没还。when 什么时候;where在哪里;what什么,均不符合语境。

【最新】2018年江苏省高考英语试卷

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