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英语修辞格

英语修辞格
英语修辞格

An Introduction to Figures of Speech(修辞格)

Rhetorical Devices(修辞手法)

1. Simile(明喻)

Simile is an expression of comparison between two different things. It is usually introduced by “as”or “like”, and sometimes also by “as…as/as…so”, and “resemble”as the signs of comparison.

明喻就是打比方,指一事物像另一事物的修辞格。常用的比喻词有“as”or “like”, and sometimes also by “as…so /as…as”, and “resemble”等

1). Mercy drops as the gentle rain from heaven upon the place beneath.

—Shakespeare

2). The cheque fluttered to the floor like a bird with a broken wing.

3). Self-criticism is as necessary to us as air to water.

4). As a man whispers, so the breeze makes a low, hissing sound.

5) Learning resembles scaling the heights.

2. Metaphor(隐喻/暗喻)

Metaphor contains an implied comparison, in which a word or phrase ordinarily or primarily used of one thing is applied to another. In other words, it calls one thing by the name of another or one thing is described in terms of another.

隐喻是一种隐含着比喻的修辞格,它直接把一种事物比为另一种事物,不用比喻词,通常比较含蓄。

1). The imperialists and all reactionaries are paper tigers.

(All reactionaries and paper tigers are two entirely different things, but they are surprisingly alike in one respect: in appearance they both look strong and terrible, but in fact they are weak and can be easily crushed and defeated.)

2). The night had a thousand eyes.

(We think of the stars as if they were the eyes of a human being, and this produces a beautiful picture.)

3). There was a stormy discussion at our last meeting.

4). The sunshine of happiness is made up of very little beams

5). All the world’ a stage, and all the men and women merely players. (Shakespeare)

6). Because of his wealth, he was a fountain of generosity to his relatives and friends.

3. Personification(拟人)

Personification is a figure of speech in which a thing, quality, or idea is represented as a person.

拟人是把物当作人来描写的一种修辞格。它变无灵为有灵,使表现对象栩栩如生、活灵活现。

1). the anger of the tempest.

2). the whisper of the leaves.

3). Look at the smiling moon. How bright she is!

4). The thirsty soil drank in the rain.

5). None preaches better than the ant, and she says nothing.

6). Liberty veiled her face, while the tyrant spoke.

4. Metonymy(借代/转喻/换喻)

Metonymy means a change of name. The thing spoken of and the thing meant may be wholly unlike, but the relation between them is such that the mention of one suggests the other.

转喻是指用一名称来指代与之密切相关的事物。

1). The kettle (=The water in the kettle) is boiling.

2). The mother did her best to take care of the cradle. (=her baby)

3). He succeeded to the crown in 1848.

(i.e. became the sovereign ruler)

4). The pen has more influence than the sword.

(=Those who use the pen have more influence than those who use the sword)

5). He reads Shakespeare. (= the works of Shakespeare)

6). Nowadays no one can claim to scholastic attainments, without knowing Darwin and

Einstein. (= the Theory of Evolution and the Theory of Relativity)

7). After a day’s travelling we took a rest under the shade. (=the tree)

8). Many people love rosy cheeks.(= children)

5. Synecdoche(提喻/举喻)

Synecdoche is a figure of speech which consists chiefly in putting a part for the whole or the whole for the part, and which consists chiefly in putting the concrete for the abstract or the abstract for the concrete.

提喻是指以局部代替全体或以全体代替局部,以抽象代替具体或以具体代替抽象的一种修辞格。

1). The part for the whole

1). How to earn daily bread by my pen was the problem.

(= the necessaries of life) (B. Shaw)

2). The whole for the part

2). China (=The Chinese players) defeated Japan (=the Japanese players) in the men’s world table-tennis championships.

3). The concrete for the abstract

3). It was the circumstances that developed the poet (= poetic talent) in him.

4). The abstract for the concrete.

4). He has done me many kindnesses. (= kind things)

Note: Metonymy and synecdoche are essentially the same in principle, and therefore the distinction between these two figures is now regarded as of little practical value.

6. Hyperbole (夸张)

Hyperbole is a figure of speech which gently exaggerates the truth. In hyperbole, things are represented as greater or less, better or worse, than they really are.

夸张是指在事实的基础上进行夸大,用来抒发作者或说话人的强烈感情,表达自己的深刻感受。

1). I haven’t seen you for ages.

(while in fact it was only two weeks ago that you parted.)

2). A lie can travel half way around the world while the truth is putting on its shoes. 真理

刚刚穿上鞋子,谎言就走了大半个世界。

3). Had Cleopatra’s nose been shorter, the whole face of the world would have been

different.

(Cleopatra “埃及艳后”,美妙绝伦。她权利欲极强,先为凯撒大帝的情妇,后与安东尼结婚,安东尼失败后,又欲勾引屋大维,没有成功,随以毒蛇噬咬自杀。此句夸张这个女人的容貌与世界面貌的关系。)

4). The first lines of a long gypsy poem sing: “ When a woman loves a man, her body has

the odor of a thousand apple trees in blossom. The long lashes of her eyes fan the fires

of his heart to flame.”

(Konrad Bercovici: The Wisdom of the Illiterate)

7. Transferred Epithet(移就)

The transferred epithet is a qualifying adjective transferred from a person to a thing or from one thing to another.

把修饰词转换位置,不再修饰应该由它修饰的词,而修饰一个本不应该由它修饰的词。

1). He was engaged in a dishonest calling.(他在忙于欺诈行当)

(i. e. He was engaged in a calling, in which he was dishonest.)

2). The patient lay all night on his sleepless pillow.

(i. e. The sleepless patient lay all night on his pillow)

3). He closed his busy life at the age of sixty.

(i. e. He closed his life, during which he was busy.)

4).This is the cheapest market in this country.

(i. e. This is the market where the things are sold at the cheapest prices.)

5). Hans shrugged a scornful shoulder.

(i.e. Hans shrugged his shoulder with showing contempt. )

6). She has expensive tastes in clothes.

(i. e. She has tastes in clothes, the prices of which are expensive.)

8. Antithesis(对照/对偶)

Antithesis is an opposition or contrast of words or ideas in the same sentence. It is emphasized by contrasting one thing with another, as health with sickness, war with peace, riches with poverty. In this figure, verbs should be contrasted with verbs, adjectives with adjectives, nouns with nouns, etc.

对照(对偶)是把意义相反或相对的语言单位(词语、从句或句子)排列在平行、对称的结构里,语义上形成互相对立或对照的一种修辞格。

1). Flattery brings friends; truth brings foes.

2). Knowledge makes humble; ignorance makes proud.

3). To read without reflection is like to eat without digestion.

4). False friends are worse than open enemies.

5). No bees, no honey; no work, no money.

6). Give me liberty, or give me death.

7). Speech is silver, silence is gold.

8). Not that I loved Caesar less, but that I loved Rome more. (不是我不爱凯撒,而是我更

爱罗马。)

9. Oxymoron(矛盾修饰法)

Oxymoron is a figure of speech which combines incongruous and apparently contradictory words and meaning for a special effect. It is formed by the conjoining of two contrasting, contradictory or incongruous terms. An understanding of oxymoron can help us to enjoy more fully the implied complexity of descriptions and feelings.

矛盾修饰法把两个意思完全相反的词或词组搭配在一起来形容一项事物,去揭示事物的矛盾性,造成一种出人意外、引人入胜的效果。这种修辞方法,语言简练,富有哲理。

1). Painful pleasure.(悲喜交加)

2). A victorious defeat.(胜利的失败)

3). A thunderous silence.(此时无声胜有声)

4). I despise(=look down upon) its very vastness and power. It has the poorest millionaires,

the littlest great man, the haughtiest(=aggrogant) beggars, the plainest(=not beautiful,

pretty)beauties, the lowest skyscrapers, the dolefulest(=very sad) pleasures of any town

I ever saw.

——O. Henry

我最蔑视权贵,这里我曾见过最贫穷的百万富翁,最渺小的伟人,最高傲的乞丐,

最丑陋的美人,最低矮的摩天大楼,最无趣的乐事。

——欧·亨利

5). Beautiful tyrant, fiend angelical,

Dove feather’s raven, wolfish-ravening lamb,

Despised substance of divinest show,

Just opposite to what thou justly seems,

A damned saint, an honorable villain!

美丽的暴君,天使般的恶魔!

长着鸽子羽毛的渡鸦,嗜杀成性的羔羊!

神圣仪表下面的卑鄙本质!

正是你的外貌的对立面,

该遭诅咒的圣徒,体面的恶棍!

——威廉·莎士比亚

10. Climax (渐强法/层进法/递进法)

Climax is a series of words, phrases, clauses or sentences arranged in order with increasing strength or importance. The climax is, if skillfully used, will promote force.

渐强法(层进法、递进法)修辞法是把一系列短语或句子用升级的手法按语势的强度顺序排列,所表达的内容由浅入深,由小到大,由轻到重,由少到多,由弱到强,使语势层层递增,渐进到最高强度。

1). I came, I saw, I conquered.

2). One boy is a boy, two boys half a boy, three boys no boy.

3). The audience smiled, chuckled, and finally howled (哄笑).

4). We could not find pigeons here, there, everywhere.

5). But in a large sense we cannot dedicate, we cannot consecrate, we cannot hallow this

ground.

6). To educate yourself, you must read, study, observe, reflect, reason, and think. (M. F.

Burlingame)

7). Reading maketh a full man; conference a ready man; and writing an exact man. ——

Francis Bacon

8). Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed

and digested.

——Francis Bacon

11. Anticlimax =Bathos(渐降法/突降法/顿降法)

Anticlimax is the reverse of Climax: i.e. the least important thought is put at the close. It is often used in humorous writings. This figure is also called Bathos

渐降法是与层进法相反,作者所描写的事物意义重大、深刻,本应推向高潮,但突然却转入微不足道、平淡的琐事,或荒诞的事物。即由大到小、从强到弱、从重到轻、从高到低降下来,与读者或听众的预期不同或相反,使人哑然失笑,使严肃的内容变得诙谐。

1). O dear! O dear! What shall I do?

I have lost my beau and lipstick too.

哦,天啊!哦,天啊!我该怎没办啊?

我失去了我的情人,还失去了我的口红。

2). He lost his empire, his family and his fountain-pen.(自来水笔)

3).The duties of a soldier are to protect his country and peel potatoes.(战士的职责是包围

祖国和剥土豆)

4). Seldom has a city gained such world renown, and I am proud and happy to welcome you

to Hiroshima, a town known throughout the world for its——oysters.

12. Euphemism(委婉语)

Euphemism is the use of a more agreeable word or expression instead of an indelicate(不当的), harsh(刺耳的), or depressing one.

“委婉语”源自希腊语“顺耳的话”,即用间接的言词取代生硬语,亦即采用转弯抹角和暗示的说法代替直截了当的话,使说话温和一些,幽默一些,避免不悦耳、不愉快或禁忌语。

1). Your statement is incorrect.

(i.e. Your statement is false.)

2). He passed away at six that morning. (i.e. He died.)

3). His relation with his wife has not been very fortunate.

(i.e. He often quarrels with his wife.)

4). He had opened his eyes with the sun at dawn, scratched, done his business like a dog at

the roadside, washed at the public fountain.

(破晓,他随着太阳的升起睁开眼睛,瘙痒,像狗一样在路边大小便,在喷泉旁边

洗洗脸。)

(Gibort Highet: Diogenes and Alexander)

13. Onomatopoeia (拟声法)

Onomatopoeia is the use of words to imitate a sound appropriate to the sense.

1). The door banged after him.(把…砰得关上)

2). The rain pattered all night.(雨啪嗒啪嗒地下)

3). A sharp rattle was heard on the window, which made the children jump.(格格声)

4). There were tinkling(叮当声)of small bells and jingling(叮叮当当)of big bells as the

sledge glided on the smooth ice in the stillness of night.

14. Parallelism(平行结构)

Parallelism is a figure which consists of a continued comparison of two or more similar objects, showing the points of resemblance and of difference. It is an extended antithesis.

英语parallelism(平行结构)源于希腊语parallelismos, 意思是alongside one another(并排),它是英语中最常见的修辞格之一,广泛应用于诗歌、散文、喜剧、小说及讲演中。它是把结构相同或相似、意义相关或并重、语气一致的语言分别平行并列在一起的一种修辞方法,能使读者感到它具有语义丰富、音韵铿锵、句式匀称等特点。

1). With this faith we will be able to work together, to pray together, to go to jail together,

to stand up for freedom together, knowing that we will be free one day.

(Martin Luther King: I Have a Dream)

2). There is no reason for us to be enemies. Neither of us seeks the territory of the other;

neither of us seeks domination over the other; neither of us seeks to stretch out our

hands and rule the world.

(Winston Churchill: Speech on Hitler’s Invasion of the U.S.S.R.)

15. Pun(双关)

Pun is a play upon words that are similar in sound but different in sense. It is seldom used except for jest. (笑话、俏皮话=joke)

英语Pun(双关)源自拉丁语paronomazein,意为“以不同的名称称呼”,它是使用同音异义词或同形异义词进行的一种幽默表达方式,该词在句子里有双重或更多的含义,可作不同的解释,以造成一种滑稽、幽默的效果。莎士比亚、狄更斯、马克·吐温、萧伯纳等都是运用双关语的行家。

1). He laid down his arms.

(放下手臂//stopped fighting=放下武器)

2). Eat our corn, you’ll smile from ear to ear.

(from year to year=year after year; ……保你笑得合不拢嘴)

3). Seven days without water makes one weak. (week)

4). An ambassador is an honest man who lies abroad for the good of his country.

16. Paradox (隽语/僻论)

(似非而是的隽语,或自相矛盾的话//看似矛盾其实正确的观点)

隽语/僻论是一种表面上自相矛盾、不合乎逻辑,实际上颇有道理、意味深长的修辞格。

A paradox is a figure of speech consisting of a statement or proposition which on the surface seems self-contradictory, absurd, or contrary to established fact or practice, but which on further thinking and study may prove to be true, well-founded, and even to contain a succinct point.

Note: proposition见解、观点

succinct//(concise)言简意赅

well-founded有道理的、有根据的

A good example of a paradox is in this passage from Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet, when Juliet finding out who Romeo is, expressing her feelings in this way:

Nurse: His name is Romeo, and a Montague,

The only son of your great enemy.

Juliet: My only love sprung from my only hate.

Too early seen unknown and known too late!

Prodigious birth of love it is to me,

That I must love a loathed enemy.

——Shakespeare

Note: Prodigious(enormous/colossal)

Loathe(hate)

Colossal(extremely large)

我所钟情所至的是我唯一的世仇,

早已相见不曾相知,而今相知已太迟!

涌泉的爱浪喷自胸膛,

爱之所以是不共戴天的世敌。

——莎士比亚

1). More haste, less speed. (越急越慢)

2). The child is father to the man. (儿童乃成年人之父)

3). Those who have eyes apparently see little.

4). He who praises everybody praise nobody.

5). Women were running out to the line of march, crying and laughing and kissing.

17. Zeugma (轭式搭配)

Zeugma is a figure of speech in which a single word, usually a verb or adjective, is syntactically related to two or more words, with only one of which it seems logically connected.

(Syntactically: 在句法上)

Zeugma(轭式搭配)源自希腊文zengunai(用一副轭套上两个牲口),轭式搭配的形式一般是用一个中心词(通常是形容词、动词或介词)来搭配或修饰两个或更多名词,其中这个中心词只能与一个形成自然搭配(合乎逻辑),而与另一个本来不能搭配(牵强搭配),不过巧妙地借助于前面那个正常的搭配,运用到后者的身上。结果不但不显得牵强,反而具有更强的表现力。正如其名,好像用轭把几头牲口硬套在一起拉车似的。看似硬套,却又能协调行进;看似强扭,却又能产生强大的合力。

1). He killed the boy and the luggage.

(He killed the boys and destroyed the luggage.)

2). Your young rooster( a young officer with the plumed hat) has lost his fine hat and a great

deal of his vanity.

( Rooster:雄鸡/自负者; plumed: 有羽毛的)

3). We ate a bun and a glass of milk.

4). She opened the door and her heart to the homeless boy.

5). Ten minutes later, the coffee and Commander Dana of Naval Intelligence arrived

simultaneously.

6). I used to organize my father’s tools, my mother’s kitchen utensils, my sister’s

boyfriends.

过去我常为父亲摆好工具,为母亲摆好厨房用品,甚至安排姐姐与男朋友约会。

18. Alliteration(头韵)

Alliteration is the use of succession of words with the same initial letter or sound. The repetition of sound usually occurs at the beginning of the words, but sometimes at the middle or end of them. It is a mere device for impressing the memory or pleasing the ear.

头韵指连续重复靠近字词的起头辅音,不一定是重复字词的首字母。头韵既简洁明快,又富于表现力,还具有音乐性,是有效的传达意思的语言手段,经常用在诗歌、文章标题、影片名或广告中。

1). Dumb dogs are dangerous.

2). Peter Piper picked a peck of picked pepper.

笛师彼得从泡菜里捡了一小块辣椒。

3). Life is the lust of a lamp for the light.

That is dark till the dawn of the day when we die.

生命是盏灯,追求着光明,

这光明实际是黑暗,直到我们死亡那天的黎明。

(Lust: passionate)

4). Next to health, heart, home, happiness for mobile Americans depends upon the automobile.

对于好动的美国人来说,幸福不仅取决于健康、爱情、舒适和温暖的家庭,还取决于汽车。

19. Irony(反语)

Irony is a figure of speech in which the words of the speaker or writer seem to mean one thing, but in reality mean just the contrary. If your friend has done something foolish and you make fun of him by saying “He is very clever.” Then you are being ironical. Irony is a disguised satire, so this figure is also called Sarcasm.

所谓反语,就是说反话,是一种富有幽默感或精妙的挖苦人的表达方法,其所用的词语要表达的意义正与这些词语的通常意义相反。在一定的语言环境中,运用反语更能引起注意,加深印象,产生特殊的效果。

Oscar Wilde’s story “The Devoted Friend” is full of irony, and the story begins in an ironical tone:

1). Little Hans had very many friends, but the most devoted friend was big Hugh, the Miller.

Indeed, the rich Miller was so devoted to Little Hans that when he passed his garden he always picked a large bouquet of flowers or filled his pockets with plums and cherries if it was the fruit season.

2). “Could you wait a few days for the money? I haven’t any small change about me.”

“Oh, you haven’t? Well, of course, I know that gentlemen like you carry large notes. ”

(Mark Twain: One Million Pound Bank-Note)

“我过几天再付钱行吗?我身边没有零钱。”

“啊,没带零钱? 嗯,当然啰,像您这样的绅士是只带大票子的。”

20. Inversion(倒装)

倒装是指改变正常的主语、谓语、宾语序或状语的位。常见的倒装是为了着重描写,把需要强调的句子成分移前,也有为了承接上文,把下句中与上句有关联的事物移到句首。

1). From out of the forest rushed a tiger.

2). Came frightful days of snow and rain. He did not know when he made camp, when he

broke camp. He travelled in the night as much as in the day.

——Jack London

21. Repetition(重复)

Repetition is the use of the same word, phrase, speech sound etc. in a poem, speech etc. Its purpose is for the speaker to make a deeper impression on the audience.

重复是演讲者为了加强语气、强化语势、抒发强烈感情、强调所要表达的观点等,在诗歌或演讲中连续或间隔重复使用同一单词、短语或句子的修辞方法。

Yesterday the Japanese government also launched an attack against Malaya.

Last night Japanese forces attacked Hongkong.

Last night Japanese forces attacked Guam.

Last night Japanese forces attacked the Philippine Islands.

Last night Japanese forces attacked Wake Islands.

And this morning the Japanese attacked Midway Islands.

——F. D. Roosevelt

22. Litotes (曲言法/间接肯定法)

曲言法是以反面之否定代替肯定之修辞格。

Litotes is a figure of speech which consists in making a statement by the use of negative before some other words, to indicate a strong affirmative in the opposite, as:

1). It is no easy. (= very difficult)

2). My French is not so bad. (= very good)

3). He is no mean opponent in the coming debate.

(That is to say, “He is a worthy opponent.”)

4). Not without effort he made this discovery.

5). Nothing is impossible to the man who will try.

(English proverb)

6). I never go past that house but I think of my miserable life in the old society.

英语写作常用修辞格

英语写作常用修辞格 英语中的修辞与汉语的修辞相比,分类细,种类多.下面将英语的修辞简单介绍如下: 1.Simile 明喻 明喻是将具有共性的不同事物作对比.这种共性存在于人们的心里,而不是事物的自然属性. 标志词常用like, as, seem, as if, as though, similar to, such as等. 1>.He was like a cock who thought the sun had risen to hear him crow. 2>.I wandered lonely as a cloud. 3>.Einstein only had a blanket on, as if he had just walked out of a fairy tale. 2.Metaphor 隐喻,暗喻 隐喻是简缩了的明喻,是将某一事物的名称用于另一事物,通过比较形成. 例如: 1>.Hope is a good breakfast, but it is a bad supper. 2>.Some books are to be tasted, others swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested. 3.Metonymy 借喻,转喻 借喻不直接说出所要说的事物,而使用另一个与之相关的事物名称. I.以容器代替内容,例如: 1>.The kettle boils. 水开了. 2>.The room sat silent. 全屋人安静地坐着. II.以资料.工具代替事物的名称,例如: Lend me your ears, please. 请听我说. III.以作者代替作品,例如: a complete Shakespeare 莎士比亚全集 VI.以具体事物代替抽象概念,例如: I had the muscle, and they made money out of it. 我有力气,他们就用我的力气赚钱. 4.Synecdoche 提喻 提喻用部分代替全体,或用全体代替部分,或特殊代替一般. 1>.There are about 100 hands working in his factory. 他的厂里约有100名工人. 2>.He is the Newton of this century. 他是本世纪的牛顿. 3>.The fox goes very well with your cap. 这狐皮围脖与你的帽子很相配. 5.Synaesthesia 通感,联觉,移觉 这种修辞法是以视.听.触.嗅.味等感觉直接描写事物. 1>.The birds sat upon a tree and poured forth their lily like voice. 鸟儿落在树上,倾泻出百合花似的声音. 2>.Taste the music of Mozart. 品尝Mozart的音乐.

广告英语翻译常用词语

广告英语翻译常用词汇 产品远销英国、美国、日本、意大利和东南亚,深受消费者欢迎和好评Our products are sold in Britain, America, Japan, Italy and South East Asia and well appreciated by their purchasers. 畅销全球 selling well all over the world 典雅大方 elegant and graceful 定型耐久 durable modeling 方便顾客 making things convenient for customers 方便群众 making things convenient for the people; to suit the peo ple's convenience 方便商品 convenience goods 方便生活 bringing more convenience to the people in their daily life; prov iding amenities for the people; making life easier for the popula tion 各式俱全 wide selection; large assortment

顾客第一 Customers first 顾客是我们的皇帝 We take customers as our Gods. 规格齐全 a complete range of specifications; complete in specific ations 花样繁多 a wide selection of colours and designs 货色齐全 goods of every description are available. 客商第一,信誉第一 clients first, reputation first 款式多样 a great variety of models 款式活泼端庄 vivid and great in style 款式齐全 various styles 款式新颖 attractive designs; fashionable(in) style; novel (in) de sign; up-to-date styling 款式新颖众多 diversified latest designs 美观大方 elegant appearance 美观耐用 attractive and durable 品质优良,疗效显著,誉满全球,欢迎选购 excellent quality, evident effect, good reputation over the world, orders are welcome. 品种多样 numerous in variety 品种繁多 great varieties 品种齐全 complete range of articles; a great variety of goods

英语中常见的修辞手法

英语中常见的修辞手法

英语中常见的修辞手法 1明喻(Simile) simile -简明英汉词典['s?m?li:] n. (使用like或as等词语的)明喻 明喻是一种最简单、最常见的修辞方法,是以两种具有共同特征的事物或现象进行对比,表明本体和喻体的关系,两者都在对比中出现,其基本格式是“A像B”,常用的比喻词有as, like, as if, as though等。如果使用得当可以把深奥的道理说得通俗、浅显、明白,使人可见可感可悟,把简单的事物表达的更为形象更为生动。例如: Like climbing a mountain, we struggle up three feet and fall back two.(正如爬山,我们费力爬上三英尺,又掉下去两英尺。)(大学英语第一册第三单元课文B) I see also the dull, drilled, docile, brutish masses of the Hun soldiery blodding on like a swarm of crawling locusts.(丘吉尔在此使用了一个恰当的比喻,把德国士兵比作蝗虫,因为二者有着共同之处-传播毁灭。) 2暗喻(the metaphor) metaphor -简明英汉词典 ['met?f?] n. 隐喻

暗喻也是一种比喻,但不用比喻词,因此被称作缩减了的明喻(a compressed simile)。它是根据两个事物间的某些共同的特征,用一事物去暗示另一事物的比喻方式。本体和喻体之间不用比喻词,只是在暗中打比方,从而更生动、更深刻地说明事理,增强语言的表现力。例如: I will do anything I can to help him through life's dangerous sea.(我将全力帮助他穿越人生的惊涛骇浪。)(第二册第三单元课文A) Consider that the same cultural soil producing the English language also nourished the great principles of freedom and right of man in the modern world.(想想吧,孕育英语的文化土壤也同样为当今世界培育了自由和人权准则。)(大学英语第二册第七单元课文A) Each letter was a seed falling on a fertile heart. A romance was budding.(每一封信就像落在肥沃土地上的种子,浪漫之花含苞待放。)(大学英语第一册地五单元课文A) 3 转喻(the metonymy) 转喻是通过相近的联想,借喻体代替本体。转喻是比隐喻更进一步的比喻,它根本不说出本体事物,直接用比喻事物代替本体事物。例如: The buses in America are on strike now.美国的公共汽车司机正在罢工(这里buses 喻指司机drivers)。“Well,”said the doctor.“I will do all that science can accomplish. But whenever my patient begins to count the carriages in her funeral porcession I subtract 50 per cent from the curative power of medicines.”(“好吧,”医生说,“我会尽力做到科学能做到的,但每当我的病人开始数自己葬礼上的马车时,药物的疗效就会减掉一半。”)(大学英语第三册第六单元课文A) 4夸张(the exaggeration) exaggeration -英汉双向大词典 D.J.[?g?z?d???re???n] - exaggeration n. 1.夸张,夸大 2.夸张的言语;夸张的手法 - Exaggeration n. 夸张;夸大 把事物的特征,有意地加以夸大或缩小,就叫夸张,即采用“言过其实”的说法,使事物的本质特征更好地呈现出来。英语中夸张修辞格,应用极为频繁。夸张的功能是突出事物的本质特征,因而给人强烈印象或警悟、启发。例如:

高考英语作文常用修辞手法

高考英语作文常用修辞手法 高考英语作文常用修辞手法 文章最忌语言枯燥无味,一篇好的作文,语言应该生动形象。而恰当 地运用修辞手法,可以使文字新鲜活泼、具体逼真,大大增强艺术表 现力,扩大语言表达的范围;而且还可以激发读者的想象,给人留下 深刻的印象。下面介绍一些英语作文中常用的修辞手法。 1 比喻(etaphr) 比喻就是打比方。可分为明喻和暗喻: 明喻(siile): 用lie, as, asas, as if(thugh) 或用其他词语指出两个不同事物的相似之处。例如: lve’s lie a red, red rse 我的爱人像一朵红红的玫瑰花。 The an an’t be trusted He is as slipper as an eel 那个人不可信赖。他像鳗鱼一样狡猾。 He uped as if he had been stung他像被蜇了似的跳了起来。 hildhd is lie a siftl passing drea 童年就像一场疾逝的梦。 暗喻(etaphr): 用一个词来指代与该词所指事物有相似特点的另外一个事物。例如: He has a heart f stne 他有一颗铁石心肠。 The rld is a stage 世界是一个大舞台。 2 换喻(etn)

用某一事物的名称代替另外一个与它关系密切的事物的名称,只要一提到其中一种事物,就会使人联想到另一种。比如用the hite Huse 代替美国政府或者总统,用the bttle来代替ine 或者alhl,用the bar 来代替the legal prfessin,用rn代替ing等。例如: His purse uld nt all hi that luxur 他的经济条件不允许他享受那种 奢华。 The ther did her best t tae are f the radle 母亲尽最大努力照看孩子。 He sueeded t the rn in 1848 他在1848年继承了王位。 3 提喻(snedhe) 指用部分代表整体或者用整体代表部分,以特殊代表一般或者用 一般代表特殊。例如: He earns his bread b riting 他靠写作挣钱谋生。 The fars ere shrt f hands during the harvest seasn 在收获季节里农场缺乏劳动力。 Australia beat anada at riet 澳大利亚队在板球比赛中击败了加拿 大队。 He is the Netn f this entur 他是这个世纪的牛顿。 4 拟人(persnifiatin) 把事物或者概念当作人或者具备人的品质的写法叫拟人。例如: heart as singing 我的心在歌唱。 This tie fate as siling t hi 这一次命运朝他微笑了。

英语中19种修辞手法及解释

明喻是将具有共性的不同事物作对比.这种共性存在于人们的心里,而不是事物的自然属性. 标志词常用 like, as, seem, as if, as though, similar to, such as等. 例如: 1>.He was like a cock who thought the sun had risen to hear him crow. 2>.I wandered lonely as a cloud. 3>.Einstein only had a blanket on, as if he had just walked out of a fairy tale. 隐喻,暗喻 隐喻是简缩了的明喻,是将某一事物的名称用于另一事物,通过比较形成. 例如: 1>.Hope is a good breakfast, but it is a bad supper. 2>.Some books are to be tasted, others swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested. 借喻,转喻 借喻不直接说出所要说的事物,而使用另一个与之相关的事物名称. I.以容器代替内容,例如: 1>.The kettle boils. 水开了.

2>.The room sat silent. 全屋人安静地坐着. II.以资料.工具代替事物的名称,例如: Lend me your ears, please. 请听我说. III.以作者代替作品,例如: a complete Shakespeare 莎士比亚全集 VI.以具体事物代替抽象概念,例如: I had the muscle, and they made money out of it. 我有力气,他们就用我的力气赚钱. 提喻 提喻用部分代替全体,或用全体代替部分,或特殊代替一般. 例如: 1>.There are about 100 hands working in his factory.(部分代整体) 他的厂里约有100名工人. 2>.He is the Newton of this century.(特殊代一般) 他是本世纪的牛顿. 3>.The fox goes very well with your cap.(整体代部分) 这狐皮围脖与你的帽子很相配.

常用专业术语翻译

1.素质教育:Quality Education 2. EQ:分两种,一种为教育商数Educational quotient,另一种情感商数Emotional quotient 3. 保险业:the insurance industry 4. 保证重点指出:ensure funding for priority areas 5. 补发拖欠的养老金:clear up pension payments in arrears 6. 不良贷款:non-performing loan 7. 层层转包和违法分包:mutlti-level contracting and illegal subcontracting 8. 城乡信用社:credit cooperative in both urban and rural areas 9. 城镇居民最低生活保障:a minimum standard of living for city residents 10. 城镇职工医疗保障制度:the system of medical insurance for urban workers 11. 出口信贷:export credit 12. 贷款质量:loan quality 13. 贷款质量五级分类办法:the five-category assets classification for bank loans 14. 防范和化解金融风险:take precautions against and reduce financial risks 15. 防洪工程:flood-prevention project 16. 非法外汇交易:illegal foreign exchange transaction 17. 非贸易收汇:foreign exchange earnings through nontrade channels 18. 非银行金融机构:non-bank financial institutions 19. 费改税:transform administrative fees into taxes 20. 跟踪审计:foolow-up auditing 21. 工程监理制度:the monitoring system for projects 22. 国有资产安全:the safety of state-owned assets 23. 过度开垦:excess reclamation 24. 合同管理制度:the contract system for governing projects 25. 积极的财政政策:pro-active fiscal policy 26. 基本生活费:basic allowance 27. 解除劳动关系:sever labor relation 28. 金融监管责任制:the responsibility system for financial supervision 29. 经济安全:economic security 30. 靠扩大财政赤字搞建设:to increase the deficit to spend more on development 31. 扩大国内需求:the expansion of domestic demand 32. 拉动经济增长:fuel economic growth 33. 粮食仓库:grain depot 34. 粮食收购企业:grain collection and storage enterprise 35. 粮食收购资金实行封闭运行:closed operation of grain purchase funds 36. 粮食销售市场:grain sales market 37. 劣质工程:shoddy engineering

英语文学中得修辞手法

明喻( simile )是以两种具有相同特征的事物和现象进行对比,表明本体和喻体之间的相似 关系,两者都在对比中出现。常用比喻词like, as, as if, as though 等, 补充: 二、隐喻( metaphor )这种比喻不通过比喻词进行,而是直接将用事物当作乙事物来描写,甲乙两事 物之间的联系和相似之处是暗含的。 补充: 三、提喻( synecdoche )又称举隅法,主要特点是局部代表全体,或以全体喻指部分,或以抽象代具 体,或以具体代抽象。四、拟人( personification )这种修辞方法是把人类的特点、特性加于外界事物之上,使之人格化,以物拟人,以达到彼此交融,合二为一。五、夸张( hyperbole )这是运用丰富的想象,过激的言词,渲染和装饰客观事物,以达到强调的效果。六、叠言( rhetorical repetition )这种修辞法是指在特定的语境中,将相同的结构,相同意义词组成句子重叠使用,以增强语气和力量。七、借代( metonymy )是指两种不同事物并不相似,但又密不可分,因而常用其中一种事物名称代替另一种。八、双关语( pun )是以一个词或词组,用巧妙的办法同时把互不关联的两种含义结合起来,以取得一种诙谐有趣的效果。九、拟声( onomatcpocia )是摹仿自然界中非语言的声音,其发音和所描写的事物的声音很相似,使语言显得生动,富有表现力。十、讽刺( irony )是指用含蓄的褒义词语来表示其反面的意义,从而达到使本义更加幽默,更加讽刺的效果。十一、通感 ( synesthesia )是指在某个感官所产生的感觉,转到另一个感官的心理感受。十二、头韵法( alliteration )在文句中有两个以上连结在一起的词或词组,其开头的音节有同样的字母或声音,以增强语言的节奏感。 英语修辞手法 1)Simile :(明喻)It is a figure of speech which makes a comparison between two unlike elements having at least one quality or characteristic (特性)in common. To make the comparison, words like as, as...as, as if and like are used to transfer the quality we associate with one to the other. For example, As cold waters to a thirsty soul, so is good news from a far country./ This elephant is like a snake as anybody can see. 2) Metaphor :(暗喻) It is like a simile, also makes a comparison between two unlike elements, but unlike a simile, this comparison is implied rather than stated. For example, the world is a stage./ The diamond department was the heart and center of the store. 3) Analogy:(类比)It is also a form Of COmPariSon, but UnIike SimiIe Or metaphor which usually uses comparison on one point of resemblance, analogy draws a parallel between two unlike things that have several Common qualities or points of resemblanCe. 4) PerSOnification:(拟人)It gives human form of feelings to animals, or life and personal attributes(赋予) to inanimate(无生命的) objeCts, or to ideas and abstractions(抽象). For example, the wind whistled through the trees.

英语写作技巧:英语写作中的修辞

英语写作技巧:英语写作中的修辞 修辞手段一般主要用于文学性写作中。但在大学英语的英文写作中有时也需要使用一定的具有英文特征的修辞手段,而且使用得好,会使语句生动从而增添语句亮点。所以,掌握一些一般常用修辞手段对于实现语句亮点也是非常必要的。对于大学英语写作来说,主要应该掌握以下修辞手段,又称语句辞格,包括结构辞格与语义辞格。对比、排比、重复、倒装等为结构辞格,转义、双关、矛盾等则为语义辞格。 1.对比正反对比就是要巧妙地使用对称的英文句式来表达互为补充的意思,所以恰当地使用反义词语往往是必不可少的。如果一旦所要表达的内容具有这种情况,就应尽力选用这种对称的句式并选用适当的反义词语来增强语句,实现语句的亮点。 1)如“很多人很快就会发现,他们在物质上是富裕了,精神上却很贫乏”,能够这样达: Many people will soon find themselves rich in goods,but ragged in spirit.(注:句中rich in与ragged in,goods与spirit 具有正反对比的关系和效果。) 2)如“利远远大于弊”,能够这样表达: The advantages for outweigh the disadvantages.(注:句中the advantages与the disadvantages具有正反对比的关系和效果。) 3)如“他们注意到了这些说法中的一些道理,但他们却忽视了一个重要的事实”,能够这样表达: They have noticed a grain of truth in the statements,but have ignored a more important fact.(注:句中have noticed与have ignored,a grain of truth in the statements与a more important fact具有正反对比的关系和效果。)

英语中常见的修辞手法11928

英语中常见的修辞手法 1 明喻(Simile) 明喻是一种最简单、最常见的修辞方法,是以两种具有共同特征的事物或现象进行对比,表明本体和喻体的关系,两者都在对比中出现,其基本格式是“A像B”,常用的比喻词有as, like, as if, as though等。如果使用得当可以把深奥的道理说得通俗、浅显、明白,使人可见可感可悟,把简单的事物表达的更为形象更为生动。例如: Like climbing a mountain, we struggle up three feet and fall back two.(正如爬山,我们费力爬上三英尺,又掉下去两英尺。)(大学英语第一册第三单元课文B) I see also the dull, drilled, docile, brutish masses of the Hun soldiery blodding on like a swarm of crawling locusts.(丘吉尔在此使用了一个恰当的比喻,把德国士兵比作蝗虫,因为二者有着共同之处-传播毁灭。) 2 暗喻(the metaphor) 暗喻也是一种比喻,但不用比喻词,因此被称作缩减了的明喻(a compressed simile)。它是根据两个事物间的某些共同的特征,用一事物去暗示另一事物的比喻方式。本体和喻体之间不用比喻词,只是在暗中打比方,从而更生动、更深刻地说明事理,增强语言的表现力。例如: I will do anything I can to help him through life's dangerous sea.(我将全力帮助他穿越人生的惊涛骇浪。)(第二册第三单元课文A) Consider that the same cultural soil producing the English language also nourished the great principles of freedom and right of man in the modern world.(想想吧,孕育英语的文化土壤也同样为当今世界培育了自由和人权准则。)(大学英语第二册第七单元课文A) Each letter was a seed falling on a fertile heart. A romance was budding.(每一封信就像落在肥沃土地上的种子,浪漫之花含苞待放。)(大学英语第一册地五单元课文A) 3 借代(metonymy) 借代是通过相近的联想,借喻体代替本体。借代是比隐喻更进一步的比喻,它根本不说出本体事物,直接用比喻事物代替本体事物。例如: The buses in America are on strike now.美国的公共汽车司机正在罢工(这里buses 喻指司机drivers)。“Well,”said the doctor.“I will do all that science can accomplish. But whenever my patien t begins to count the carriages in her funeral porcession I subtract 50 per cent from the curative power of medicines.”(“好吧,”医生说,“我会尽力做到科学能做到的,但每当我的病人开始数自己葬礼上的马车时,药物的疗效就会减掉一半。”)(大学英语第三册第六单元课文A) 4 夸张(hyperbole) 把事物的特征,有意地加以夸大或缩小,就叫夸张,即采用“言过其实”的说法,使事物的本质特征更好地呈现出来。英语中夸张修辞格,应用极为频繁。夸张的功能是突出事物的本质特征,因而给人强烈印象或警悟、启发。例如:Most American remember Mark Twain as the father of Huck Finn's idyllic cruise through eternal boyhood and Tom Sawyer's endless summer of freedom and adventure.(在大多数美国人的心目中,马克.吐温是位伟大作家,他描写哈克.费恩永恒的童年时代中充满诗情画意的旅程和汤姆.索亚在漫长的夏日里自由自在历险探奇的故事。)(eternal和endless都是夸张用语,表示哈克.费恩童年时期田园般的旅游和汤姆.索亚夏日里自由自在历险探奇的故事都已成为永恒不朽之作。) 5 拟人(personification) 所谓拟人就是把无生命的事物当作有生命的事物来描写,赋予无生命之物以感情和动作或是把动物人格化。例如:The first day of this term found me on my way to school, beautiful flowers smiling and lovely birds singing in the wood.(新学期第一天上学的路上,美丽的花儿在微笑,可爱的小鸟在林中歌唱.)(采用拟人化的修辞手法使句更为生动,表达更富情感.) The cold breath of autumn had blown away its leaves, leaving it almost bare.(萧瑟的秋风吹落了枝叶,藤上几乎是光秃秃的。) (这里作者运用了拟人手法,将秋天比做人,秋天吹出的寒冷的呼吸就是秋风。语言表达生动、有力,让人有身处其境的感觉)(大学英语第三册第六课课文A) 6 反语(irony) 反语就是说反话,用反话来表达思想、观点、事物等等。有的时候可以达到讽刺的意味。例如: “What fine weather for an outing!”(计划了一个美好的出游却被一场大雨搅和了,于是出现了上面的这句话,通过反语达到讽刺的效果,从而更能够反映出当时的无奈与沮丧。)

翻译常用词汇

翻译常用词汇 高枕无忧resting without worries 史无前例unprecedented in the history 不可一世a conquering hero 毫不示弱equally firmly 量体裁衣to act according to actual circumstances 一刀两断to cut it clean 与虎谋皮to ask a tiger for its skin 六亲不认to disown all one’s relatives and fri ends 英雄本色the true quality of a hero 英雄所见略同Great minds think alike. 每逢佳节倍思亲On festive occasions more than ever we think of our dear ones faraway. 上有好,下必有其焉。What the superior loves, his inferiors will be found to love exceedingly.大江东去,浪淘尽,千古风流人物。The Great River flows to the east: Its waves have washed away all the men of untrammeled spirit of a thousand ages. 上兵伐谋,其次伐交。What is supremely important in war is to attack the enemy’s strategy. Next best is to disrupt his alliances. 问君能有几多愁,恰似一江春水向东流。I wonder how many sorrows you have. They are exactly like the Yangtze River unceasingly flowing eastward in spring. 千呼万唤始出来,犹抱琵琶半遮面。Only after a thousand entreaties does she appear. Her face half hidden behind the guitar (pipa) in her arms. 吃得苦中苦,方为人上人。Only if you can stand the hardest of hardships can you hope to rise in society. 是非经过不知难You never know how hard a task is almost until you have done it yourself. 满招损Pride goes before a fall. / Pride spells failure. 适可而止Bind the sack before it be full. 好汉做事好汉当A true man has the courage to accept the consequences of his own actions.知己知彼,百战不殆。To know one’s and the enemy’s situation ensures victory. 牵扯之覆,后车之鉴。The overturned car ahead is a warning to the ones behind. 山雨欲来风满楼The wind sweeping through the tower heralds a rising storm in the mountains. 是故学然后知不足,教然后之困。Therefore, to learn makes us realize our deficiency, and to teach makes us know the difficulties. 人尽其才、地尽其利、物尽其利、货畅其流。Our human, land and material resources should be used to the best advantage, and our goods should be in good circulation. 父母有抚养教育未成年子女的义务,成年子女有赡养扶助父母的义务。Parents have the duty to rear and education their children who are minors, and children who have come of age have the duty to support and assist their parents. 中华人民共和国公民有劳动的权利和义务。Citizens of the P eople’s Republic of China have the right as well as the duty of work. 各民族公民都有用本民族语言文字进行诉讼的权利。Citizens of all nationalities have the right to use the spoken and written languages of their own nationalities in court proceedings.

英语中的修辞手法

明喻 明喻是将具有共性的不同事物作对比.这种共性存在于人们的心里,而不是事物的自然属性. 标志词常用 like, as, seem, as if, as though, similar to, such as等. 例如: 1>.He was like a cock who thought the sun had risen to hear him crow. 2>.I wandered lonely as a cloud. 3>.Einstein only had a blanket on, as if he had just walked out of a fairy tale. 隐喻,暗喻 隐喻是简缩了的明喻,是将某一事物的名称用于另一事物,通过比较形成. 例如: 1>.Hope is a good breakfast, but it is a bad supper. 2>.Some books are to be tasted, others swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested. 借喻,转喻 借喻不直接说出所要说的事物,而使用另一个与之相关的事物名称. I.以容器代替内容,例如: 1>.The kettle boils. 水开了. 2>.The room sat silent. 全屋人安静地坐着. II.以资料.工具代替事物的名称,例如: Lend me your ears, please. 请听我说. III.以作者代替作品,例如: a complete Shakespeare 莎士比亚全集 VI.以具体事物代替抽象概念,例如: I had the muscle, and they made money out of it. 我有力气,他们就用我的力气赚钱. 提喻 提喻用部分代替全体,或用全体代替部分,或特殊代替一般. 例如: 1>.There are about 100 hands working in his factory.(部分代整体) 他的厂里约有100名工人.

英语中常见的修辞手法

英语中常见得修辞手法 1明喻(Simile) simile - 简明英汉词典 ['s?m?li:]?n. (使用like或as等词语得)明喻 ?明喻就是一种最简单、最常见得修辞方法,就是以两种具有共同特征得事物或现象进行对比,表明本体与喻体得关系,两者都在对比中出现,其基本格式就是“A像B”,常用得比喻词有as, like,asif, asthough等。如果使用得当可以把深奥得道理说得通俗、浅显、明白,使人可见可感可悟,把简单得事物表达得更为形象更为生动。例如: Like climbing amountain, westruggleup three feetand fall back two.(正如爬山,我们费力爬上三英尺,又掉下去两英尺。)(大学英语第一册第三单元课文B)?I see also the dull, drilled, docile, brutishmasses of the Hun soldiery bloddingon likeaswarmofcrawling locusts.(丘吉尔在此使用了一个恰当得比喻,把德国士兵比作蝗虫,因为二者有着共同之处-传播毁灭。) 2暗喻(the metaphor) metaphor —简明英汉词典 ['met?f?] n. 隐喻 ?暗喻也就是一种比喻,但不用比喻词,因此被称作缩减了得明喻(a compressed simile)。它就是根据两个事物间得某些共同得特征,用一事物去暗示另一事物得比喻方式。本体与喻体之间不用比喻词,只就是在暗中打比方,从而更生动、更深刻地说明事理,增强语言得表现力。例如:?I will do anythingI can t ohelp him through life's dangerous sea.(我将全力帮助她穿越人生得惊涛骇浪。)(第二册第三单元课文A) Consider that the same cultural soil producingthe English languagealso nourishedthe great principlesof freedom and right of manin the modernworld、(想想吧,孕育英语得文化土壤也同样为当今世界培育了自由与人权准则。)(大学英语第二册第七单元课文A) Each letter was a seed fallingon a fertileheart. Aromancewas budding。(每一封信就像落在肥沃土地上得种子,浪漫之花含苞待放、)(大学英语第一册地五单元课文A) 3 转喻(themetonymy) ?转喻就是通过相近得联想,借喻体代替本体。转喻就是比隐喻更进一步得比喻,它根本不说出本体事物,直接用比喻事物代替本体事物、例如: The busesin America are on strike now.美国得公共汽车司机正在罢工(这里buses 喻指司机drivers)。?“Well,”said the doctor.“I will do all that science can accomplish、But wheneve rmy patientbegins to count the carriages in herfuneral porcessionI subtract50percent from the curative powerofmedicines、"(“好吧,”医生说,“我会尽力做到科学能做到得,但每当我得病人开始数自己葬礼上得马车时,药物得疗效就会减掉一半。”)(大学英语第三册第六单元课文A) 4夸张(theexaggeration) exaggeration -英汉双向大词典 D。J、[?g?z?d???re???n]?— exaggeration?n、 1. 夸张,夸大? 2. 夸张得言语;夸张得手法?— Exaggeration?n、夸张;夸大 ?把事物得特征,有意地加以夸大或缩小,就叫夸张,即采用“言过其实”得说法,使事物得本质特征更好地呈现出来。英语中夸张修辞格,应用极为频繁。夸张得功能就是突出事物得本质特征,因而给人强烈印象或警悟、启发、例如:?MostAmericanremember Mark Twain as thefather of Huck Finn’s idylliccruisethrough eternal boyhood and TomSawyer’s endless summer of freed om andadventure、(在大多数美国人得心目中,马克、吐温就是位伟大作家,她描写哈克。费恩永恒得童年时代中充满诗情画意得旅程与汤姆、索亚在漫长得夏日里自由自在历险探奇得故事。)(eternal与endless都就是夸张用语,表示哈克、费恩童年时期田园般得旅游与汤姆.索亚夏日里自由自在历险探奇得故事都已成为永恒不朽之作、) 5 拟人(the personifjcation) ?所谓拟人就就是把无生命得事物当作有生命得事物来描写,赋予无生命之

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