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Scientific Data Management Center for Enabling Technologies

Scientific Data Management Center for Enabling Technologies
Scientific Data Management Center for Enabling Technologies

North Carolina State University Scientific Data Management Center for

Enabling Technologies

Project Report (DE-FC02-07) ER25809

Period: 10/1/2006 – 11/14/2012

11/15/2006-11/14/2012

NC State PI:

Mladen A. Vouk

Computer Science, Box 8206 North Carolina State University Raleigh, NC 27695

vouk@https://www.doczj.com/doc/3c7504952.html,

919-515-7886

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