M5U2语法——现在分词【附练习题+答案】
动词的-ing形式：
动词的ing形式是非谓语动词中的一种，它由动词原形加-ing 形成。有的动词-ing形式在句中起名词作用，有的则起形容词或副词作用。所以在句中，动词的-ing形式可以担当除了谓语以外的任何成分，即：主语、表语、宾语（介词宾语和动词宾语）、定语、状语和宾语补足语（宾补）。动词-ing形式仍具有动词的若干特点，所以它又可以有自己的宾语和状语等。
一般式：动词原形+-ing 所表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生
e.g. I found him lying on the ground.
完成式：having+动词的过去分词所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前
e.g. Do you remember having promised me that?
被动式：being+动词的过去分词或having been +动词的过去分词，表示该词的逻辑主语是动作的承受者
e.g. I can’t stand being treated like that.
否定式：在动词的-ing形式前加not 或never
e.g. I apologize for not having kept my promise.
1.作表语，相当于形容词。
1)The film is moving and interesting.
这部电影感人又有趣。
2)The news sounds encouraging.
这个消息听起来激动人心。
（起形容词作用的动词的ing 形式含有“令人……”的意思。如：amusing, astonishing, boring, exciting, inspiring, missing, promising, puzzling, surprising, tiring, embarrassing, disappointing, worrying, frightening, moving）
pleasing, etc.）
2.作定语
exciting news激动人心的消息
a tiring day 累人的一天
1) The man running over there is our chairman.
=The man who is running over there is our chairman.
这个跑过来的人是我们的主席。
2)The road joining the two villages is very wide.
=The road that joins the two villages is very wide.
连接两个村子的路非常的宽。
3)They lived in a room facing the north thirty years ago.
=They live in a room which faced the north thirty years ago.
三十年前，他们住在一个朝北的房间里。
3.宾语补足语，经常用在动词feel，hear，leave，keep，listen to，look at，notice，see，
watch，etc.后作宾补，表示动作正在进行，状态正在持续。
1) When he passed the bank, he saw the thief stealing some money.
当他路过银行的时候，他看到小偷正在偷钱。
2) The parents can hear their daughter playing the piano.
这对父母可以听到他们的女儿在弹钢琴。
3) He kept me waiting for almost an hour.
他让我等了将近一个小时。
4)Don’t leave him waiting outside in the rain.
别让他在雨里等。
4.作状语：分词或分词短语作状语时，可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、伴随等等。
分词作状语时，分词的逻辑主语必须与句子的主语保持一致。
1) The secretary worked late into the night, preparing a long speech for the president. (伴随状语) 秘书工作到深夜，为主席准备长长的演讲稿。
2) They came into the classroom, singing and dancing. (伴随状语)
她们边唱边跳走进教室。
3) Hearing the news he jumped. （时间状语）
听到这个消息他跳了起来。
4) Having studied the map, I know which way to go.（时间状语）
研究了地图之后，我知道该走哪条路了。
5) Not wanting to be late, I took a taxi there. （原因状语）
为了避免迟到，我打车去那儿的。
6) Being so angry, he couldn’t go to sleep. （原因状语）
他太生气了睡不着。
7) Being unemployed, the man hasn’t enough money to buy food.
这个男人被解雇了，没有足够的钱买食物。
8) The bus was held up by the snowstorm, thus causing the delay. (结果状语)
公交车被困在暴风雪中，耽误了时间。
9) His parents died, leaving him alone. (结果状语)
他的父母去世了，留下他一个人。
10) Having been told many times, he still repeated the same mistake. (让步)
虽然被告知了很多次，他仍然重复同样的错误。
11) While playing the piano, she got very excited.
=When she was playing the piano, she got very excited.
她弹钢琴的时候变得非常兴奋。
12) Be careful when crossing the street.
=Be careful when you are crossing the street.
过马路的时候要小心。
注意：
(1)V-ing 所表示的动作和谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生
1) Hearing the bad news, they couldn’t help crying.
=On hearing the bad news, they couldn’t help crying.
听到这个坏信息，他们忍不住哭了。
常用的这类动词有：arrive, close, cook, hear, leave, open, return, see etc.
(2)动词-ing所表示的动作完成之后，谓语动词所表示的动作才发生
1) Having turned off the radio, he began to go over his lessons.
=After turning off the radio, he began to go over his lessons.
他关掉了收音机，开始复习功课。
2) Having received his letter, I decided to write back.
=After receiving his letter, I decided to write back.
收到他的信，我决定回信。
(3)感官动词see, watch observe, look at, hear, listen to, notice 等和使役动词have的后面的
宾补用现在分词表示主动或正在进行。
1) I heard her singing an English song when I passed by her room yesterday.
昨天我路过她教室的时候，听到她在唱一首英语歌。
2) It’s wrong of you to leave the machine running.
你不该让机器运行。
3) The peasants had the tractor working day and night at the harvest time.
在收获季节，农民让拖拉机日夜不停的工作。
（4）动词-ing逻辑上的主语是动词-ing所表示动作的对象时，一般要用被动形式
1) The squirrel was lucky that it just missed being caught.
松鼠很幸运，没有被抓住。
比较：He insisted on being sent to hospital.
He insisted on sending her to hospital.
如果一个及物动词作定语，既要表达进行意味，又要表达被动意味时，就用动词ing 的被动形式
2) The question being discussed is very important.
正在讨论的问题非常重要。
3) The skyscraper being built is still higher than that one the year before last.
正在修建的摩天大楼比前年盖的那个还要高。
4) Do you know the boy being punished by our teacher?
你认识那个被老师惩罚的男生吗？
（5）动词-ing形式的主动形式代替被动形式的情况
有些动词，如：want, need, require, deserve, worth等后面可以跟动词-ing的主动形式代替被动形式，表达被动意味。
1) The radio wants (needs, requires) repairing.
=The radio wants (needs, requires) to be repaired.
2) The babies want (need, require) examining.
= The babies want (need, require) to be examined.
3) The book is well worth reading again.
这本书很值得再看一遍。
4) These honest men are worth respecting and depending on.
诚实的人值得被尊敬和依赖。
(6)有时动词-ing形式之前加上物主代词或名词的所有格（还可以用宾格）来表示它逻辑上的
主语，使它的意思更加完整。
1) Mary’s being late again made her teacher very angry.
玛丽又迟到了，这让她的老师非常生气。
2) Do you mind my /me smoking here?
你介意我在这里抽烟吗？
(7) 一些特殊用法：
a.allow/advise/forbid/permit doing sth.
allow/advise/forbid/permit sb. to do
b.Generally speaking --- 一般来说
Frankly speaking, --- 坦白地说
Judging from --- 根据……来判断
Considering --- 考虑到……
c.forget doing sth. 忘记已经做过某事
remember doing sth. 记得曾经做过某事
regret doing sth. 后悔做过某事
stop doing sth. 停止做一件事
try doing sth. 尝试着做某事
mean doing sth. 意味着做某事
go on doing sth. 继续做同一件事
can’t help doing sth. 情不自禁地做某事
注意比较：forget to do sth. 忘记去做某事
remember to do sth. 记住去做某事
regret to do sth. 遗憾去做某事
stop to do sth. 停下来接着做另一件事
try to do sth. 努力做某事
mean to do sth. 意欲/想/企图做某事
go on to do sth.（做完某事）接着做另一件事
can’t help to do sth.不能帮助做某事
M5U2语法——现在分词练习题
一、改写句子
1. It seems impossible to save money now.
=______ ______ now seems impossible.
2.When he woke up, he found he was lying in bed.
=When he woke up, he found _____ ______ in bed.
3. I would rather stay at home than go shopping with Mom.
=I _____ _______at home ______ _____shopping with Mom.
4.As soon as he arrived, my father hugged Albert and tried to give him courage
= _____ _____, my father hugged Albert and tried to give him courage.
5.If time permits, I’ll attend your wedding ceremony.
=_______ _______, I’ll attend your wedding ceremony.
二、单项选择
1. She insisted ____ to Miami for her summer vacation though it would cost much money.
A. on taking
B. on being taken
C. to take
D. to be taken
2. He sent me an E-mail, _____to get further information.
A. hoped
B. hoping
C. to hope
D. hope
3. ---Mum, why do you always make me eat an egg every day?
---______enough protein and nutrition as you are growing up.
A. Get
B. getting
C. To get
D. To be getting
4. The headmaster hurried to the concert hall only _____ the speaker ____.
A. t find; left
B. finding; leaving
C. finding; left
D. to find; gone
5. As I will be away for at least a year. I’d appreciate _____from you now and then _____me how everyone is getting along.
A. hearing; tell
B. to hear; tell
C. hearing; telling
D. to hear; to tell
6. _____in the queue for half an hour, Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home.
A. To wait
B. Have waited
C. Having waited
D. To have waited
7. The job is _____to me because I have little experience. However, it is also______.
A. challenging; rewarding
B. challenged; rewarded
C. challenging; rewarded
D. challenged; rewarding
8. _____comfortably in a chair, he was completely lost in a magazine.
A. To sit
B. Sat
C. Sitting
D. having sit
9. ---I’ve never seen anyone run so fast
---_____David go.
A. just watch
B. just to watch
C. just watching
D. just having watched
10. ______ with the size of the whole earth , the biggest ocean does not seem big at all.
A. Compare
B. When comparing
C. Comparing
D. When compared
11. It is said that the Olympic Games_____ in Beijing in 2008 covered more events than any other
Olympics had done.
A. holding
B. to be held
C. held
D. to be holding
12. In the face of the big fire in October in California, many people in the fire-stricken areas
moved out _________.
A. to escape burning
B. to escape being burned
C. escaping burned
D. escaping from burning
13. Th e great hall was crowed with many people, _____ many children ____ on their parents’ laps.
A. including; seated
B. including; seating
C. included; sat
D. included; sitting
14. ______ for a long time, most of the crops in this area died from lacking water.
A. Being no rain
B. There was no rain
C. To be no rain
D. There being no rain
15. Taking this medicine, if _______, will of course do good to his health.
A. continued
B. to continue
C. continues
D. continuing
16. The little boy still needs the _____ 20 dollars to do with some things ______.
A. remaining, remained to be settled
B. remaining, remaining to be settled
C. remained, remained to settle
D. remained, remaining to settle
17. _______ his age, the little boy read very well.
A. Considering
B. Considered
C. Consider
D. Having considered
18. His letter, ______ to the wrong number, reached me late.
A. having been addressed
B. to have addressed
C. to have been addressed
D. being addressed
19. There are lots of places of interest ______ in our city.
A. needs repairing
B. needing repaired
C. needed repairing
D. needing to be repaired
20. --- What caused the party to be put off?
--- ______ the invitations.
A. Tom delayed sending
B. Tom’s delaying sending
C. Tom delaying to send
D. Tom delayed to send
21. Standing on the top of the hill, I would not to do anything but________ the flowing of the
smog around me.
A. enjoy
B. enjoying
C. enjoyed
D. to enjoy
22. --- Is Tom a good talker?
--- No, he never speaks to me other than ____ something.
A. ask for
B. to ask for
C. asked for
D. asking for
23. I can’t get my car _________ on cold mornings, so I have to try ____ the radiato r with some
hot water.
A. run; to fill
B. running; filling
C. running; to fill
D. ran; filling
24. The drunken husband knocked against the table and sent the bowls ______ in all directions
before he was sent ________ by his wife.
A. flying; to sleep
B. flying; sleeping
C. to fly; to sleeping
D. to fly; to sleep
25. When we got back from the cinema, we found the lamp ____ but the door _____.
A. being on; shut
B. burning; shutting
C. burning; shut
D. on; shutting
26. We found the students seated at tables and had their eyes______ on the scene of the launch of
Shenzhou V spaceship.
A. fixed
B. fix
C. fixing
D. to fix
27. A doctor can expect _____ at any hour of the day or night.
A. calling
B. to call
C. being called
D. to be called
28. The boy often gives a satisfactory answer to the teacher’s question, ______ just a minute. So
he’s usually the teacher’s pet.
A. thought
B. having thought
C. and to think
D. thinking
29. The policeman came up to the only house with the door _____, ____ there for a while and then entered it.
A. open; to stand
B. opening; stood
C. open; stood
D. opened; standing
30. Mr. Smith was much surprised to find the watch he had had ____ was nowhere to be seen.
A. repairing
B. it repaired
C. repaired
D. to be repaired
M5U2语法——现在分词练习题答案
一、改写句子
1. Saving money
2. himself lying
3. prefer staying; to going
4. upon arrival
5. Time permitting
二、单项选择
1—5 BBCDC 6—10 CACAD
11—15 CBADA 16—20 BAADB
21—25 ACBAC 26—30 ADBCC
14.突破语法知识—非谓语动词之现在分词 一、动词-ing形式概述 动词-ing形式包括现在分词（the present participle）和动名词，是三种非谓语动词之一。 现在分词既具有动词的一些特征，又具有形容词和副词的句法功能。 动名词既具有动词的一些特征，又具有名词的句法功能。 动词-ing形式的功能 动词-ing的形式： 1.He hurried home,looking behind as he went. 2.Having finished their work,they had a rest. 3.The large building being built is a library. 4.Having been shown the lab,we were taken to see the library. 二、现在分词的两个基本特点 1、在时间上表示动作正在进行
There are many sleeping students in class. 2、在语态上表示主动 Feeling the lesson is boring,the students are sleepy. 三、现在分词的构成 1、一般动词，变化：加+ing，例子：wash——washing，read——reading 2、以不发音字母e结尾的动词，变化：去掉e，再加+ing，例如：make——making write——writing use——using 3、以重读闭音节结尾的动词且末尾只有一个辅音字母，变化：双写最后的辅音字母，再加+ing，例如：run——running，swim——swimming，put——putting 4、以ie结尾的动词，变化：改ie为y，再加+ing，例如：lie——lying,die——dying，tie——tying 5、以c结尾的动词，变化：变c为ck，再加+ing，例子：picnic→picnicking，traffic→trafficking（例外：arc 作弧形运动，arcing） 6、以l结尾的动词，变化：如果动词原形以非重读音节结尾，则末尾的字母l双写与不双写均可。其中不双写的是美式拼写。 tavel→travelling/traveling(U.S.) 7、以x、w、y结尾的动词，直接加ing。例如： 原词：fix+ing→fixing（修理） 原词：follow+ing→follow（跟随） 原词：employ+ing→employing（雇用） 8、例外（双写辅音字母和直接加ing），单音节单词中有两个元音的动词无需双写n。 原词：iron+ing→ironing（熨烫） 9、以元音字母加e结尾，或以e结尾，且e发音的动词（ee,oe,ye），直接加ing。例如： 原词：be+ing→being（做） 原词：see+ing→seeing（看见）
练习8 分词 （） 1. __________ with the best students, I still have a long way to go. A. Having compared B. To compare C. Compared D. Compare （） 2. The music of the film _________ by him sounds so ___________ . A. playing, exciting B. played, excited C. playing, excited D. played, exciting （） 3. __________ against the coming hurricane, they dared not leave home. A. Warned B. Having warned C. To warn D. Warn （） 4. In __________ countries, you can’t always make yourself _______ by speaking English. A. English-speaking, understand B. English-spoken, understand C. English-speaking, understood D. English-speaking, understood （）5. After _____________ the old man, the doctor suggested that he ___________ a bad cold. A. examining, should catch B. examined, had caught C. examining, had caught D. examined, catch （） 6. _____________ , Tom jumped into the river and had a good time in it. A. Be a good swimmer B. Being a good swimmer C. Having been good swimmer D. To be a good swimmer （）7. ________ how to read the new words, I often look them up in the dictionary. A. Having not known B. Not to know C. Don’t know D. Not knowing （）8. As his parent, you shouldn’t have your child ___________ such a book. A. read B. to read C. reading D. be reading （）9. He returned from abroad ______________ that his mother had been badly ill. A. heard B. having been heard C. having phoned D. having been phoned
过去分词专项训练 Part1: Fill in the blanks 1. When_______(ask) why he was late, he went red.(脸红了) 2. Deeply ____ (move) by the story, she began to cry. 3. He walked out of the house，_______ （follow）by his pet dog ______(name )Snoopy. 4. When______ (travel), you should take care of your health. 5. Although________ (shock) at the nationwide milk crisis, many mothers still showed they would choose the brands of milk powder cautiously instead of saying “no” to it. party. 6. Even if______ (invite), I won’t attend the evening = Even if I______ (invite), I won’t attend the evening party. 7 _______(dress )in white, she looks really pretty. 8 ________(see) the picture, I couldn’t help thinking of his good old days. 9 Can you see the boy ___________ (question) by the police now? 10 The building ___________ (complete) at the end of this year will be our library. 3. At last the man managed to make himself ___ with his ____ French. A. understood; broken B. understand; break C. understanding; breaking D. understand; broken 4. _____ to be one of the greatest inventions of the 20th century, the computer is playing a more and more important role in social life. A. Considered B. Considering C. To consider D. Consider 5. Prices of daily goods ________ through a computer can be lower than store prices. A. are bought B. bought C. been bought D. buying 6. Daring, Can’t you get _________ quickly, only fifteen minutes for the party! A. changing B. change C. to be changed D. changed 7. We must study as much as possible to meet the needs of a _________ world we face. A. ever-changed B. ever-change C. ever-changes D. ever-changing 8 The ________ story of the hero _______ everyone to tears. A. moving; moved B. moving; moving C. moved; moved D. moved; moving 9. After the storm there were quite a few ______ trees on the ground. Many people saw them ______ down when the storm came up. A. fallen; fall B. fallen; fallen C. fallen; to fall D. falling; fall 10. To our great grief, there were more than 10 million people _______ in the Wen Chuang earthquake. A. killing B. to be killed C. killed D. having been killed em big at all. 11 _____ with the size of the whole earth, the biggest ocean doesn’t se A Compare B When comparing C Comparing D When compared 12. If one third of a person’s blood _______, they may die. A. lost B is lost C. is losing D. loses tudents ____ outside to come in right away. 13. It’s time for the class meeting. Tell the s A. playing B. to play C. played D. who play 14. ____ drivers are a danger to the safety of the public. A. Drank B. Drunk C. Drinking D. Drink - 1 - / 3
高中英语语法之动词过去分词 简介 规则动词的过去分词一般是由动词加ed构成(具体规则见后)，不规则动词的过去分词见不规则动词表。过去分词则属于类动词 1. 及物动词的过去分词作表语,与句子主语是被动关系,表示主语的状态,不但表示被动,还表示已完成了.The cup is broken. 茶杯破了. 2. 不及物动词的过去分词作表语,与句子主语是主动关系,表示主语的状态,只表示动作的完成. He is retired. 他已退休. 3. 有些过去分词作表语时,构成的谓语很接近被动结构. 过去分词构成规则 1 、规则动词：规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同。四点变化规则： (1)、一般动词，在词尾直接加“ ed ”。work---worked---worked ,visit---visited---visited (2)、以“ e ”结尾的动词，只在词尾加“ d ”。live---lived---lived , (3)、以“辅音字母+ y ”结尾的动词，将"y" 变为"i" ，再加“ ed ”。 study---studied---studied ,cry---cried---cried , (4)、重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加“ ed ”。 stop---stopped---stopped , drop---dropped--dropped 2 、不规则动词，见不规则表 一、当过去分词作为表语 The city is surrounded on three sides by mountains. 这座城市三面环山. 【注意】过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别:过去分词作表语,主要是表示主语的状态,而被动语态则表示动作. (1) The cup was broken by my little sister yesterday. 茶杯是昨天我小妹打碎的.(是被动语态,表示动作) (2) The library is now closed. 图书馆关门了.(过去分词作表语) 【注意】过去分词表示被动或完成, -ing 形式表示主动或进行.有些动词如interest, bore, worry, surprise, frighten 等通常用其过去分词形式来修饰人,用-ing 形式来修饰物. (3) The book is interesting and I'm interested in it. 这本书很有趣,我对它很感兴趣. 二、当过去分词作为定语 作定语用的过去分词相当于形容词,其逻辑主语就是它所修饰的名词.及物动词的过去分词作定语,既表被动又表完成;不及物动词的过去分词作定语,只表完成. 1. 过去分词用作定语,如果是单个的,常置于其所修饰的名词之前. We must adapt our thinking to the changed conditions. 我们必须使我们的思想适应改变了的情况. 2. 过去分词短语用作定语时,一般置于其所修饰的名词之后,其意义相当于一个定语从句,但较从句简洁,多用于书面语中. The concert given by their friends was a success.他们朋友举行的音乐会大为成功. 3.过去分词短语有时也可用作非限制性定语,前后常有逗号. The meeting, attended by over five thousand people, welcomed the great hero. 他们举行了欢迎英雄的大会,到会的有五千多人. 4. 用来修饰人的过去分词有时可以转移到修饰非人的事物,这种过去分词在形式上虽不直接修饰人,但它所修饰的事物仍与人直接有关.
英语语法-ing分词的用法 ing分词的用法 1、-ing分词的构成 -ing分词是由动词原形加词尾-ing构成。-ing分词同样有时态和语态的变化，通常有下表几种形式（以do为例）： 一般式完成式 主动形式doing 主动形式having done 被动形式being done 被动形式having been done -ing分词的否定形式是由not 加-ing分词构成。如： Not knowing his address, I could do nothing but stay at home and wait. 不知道他的地址，我只好在家里等着。 His not coming made all of us angry. 他没来使我们大家都很生气。 2. -ing分词的一般式和完成式： -ing分词的一般式表示和谓语动词所表示的动作同时进行的动作；完成式表示在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生的动作。如： Being a student, he was interested in books. 作为一个学生，他对书本很感兴趣。 Not having studied his lessons very hard, he failed the examinations. 因为没有努力学习功课，他考试不及格。 3. -ing分词的被动式： -ing分词的被动式表示它的逻辑主语是-ing分词动作的承受者。根据-ing分词动作发生的时间，-ing分词的被动式有一般被动式(being done)和完成被动式(having been done)。如：The question being discussed is very important. 正在被讨论的问题很重要。 Having been criticized by the teacher, he gave up smoking. 被老师批评以后，他把烟戒了。 注意：在need, want, require, be worth等动词(短语)后，作宾语的-ing分词常用主动形式来表示被动含义。如： Your shoes need cleaning. = Your shoes need to be cleaned. 你的鞋需要清洗一下了。 This book is well worth reading. 这本书很值得一看。 4. -ing分词的语法作用 -ing分词一方面具有动词的性质，另一方面也相当于一个名词或形容词、副词，在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语和补语等。 1)–ing分词（短语）作主语： Laying eggs is the ant queen's full-time job. 产卵是蚁后的专职工作。 Saying is easier than doing. 说比做容易。 在下面两种结构中，-ing分词也作主语。 ①为了保持句子平衡，通常用作形式主语，而把真实主语放在句末。如： It is no use crying over spilt milk. 作无益的后悔是没有用的。 It's a waste of time arguing about it. 辩论这事是浪费时间。 ②在There is no结构中，通常用-ing分词。如： There is no joking about such matters. 这种事开不得玩笑。
英语现在分词 Final approval draft on November 22, 2020
现在分词的构成方法 (1)一般情况下，在动词后加-ing构成：work--working,sleep--sleeping,wait--waiting等。 (2)在不发音的-e结尾动词去掉e后再加-ing：smile--smiling,move-movingtake-takingmake--making等。 (3)以重读闭音节或r音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母动词，要双写末尾的辅音字母再加-ing：sit--sitting,plan--planning,refer--referring,occur—occurring,begin—beginning,beg—begging,cut—cutting,get—getting,hit—hitting,let— letting,swim-swimming,permit-permittingstop-stopping,drop-dropping,dig-digging,win-winning,run-running,put-putting,admit-admitting，shop--shopping,fit--fitting,forget--forgetting,spit--spitting (4)以字母ie结尾的动词，通常将ie改为y，再加ing：die--dying,lie--lying,tie--tying等。 (5)以字母l结尾动词，若末尾一个音节为重读音节，则必须双写l再加ing，如 control--controlling，但若末尾一个音节为非重读音节，则可双写l(英国英语)或不双写l(美国英语)，如:travel—traveling/travelling。 cut--cutting切put--putting放swim--swimming游泳begin--beginning开始get--getting得到，获得forget--forgetting忘记hit--hitting打，击，撞spit-- spitting吐痰run--running跑sit--sitting坐babysit--babysitting临时照看婴儿split--splitting分裂shut--shutting关闭win--winning赢shop--shopping购物stop--stopping停止drop--dropping落下dip--dipping浸dig--digging挖plan--planning计划prefer--preferring更喜欢refer--referring查阅，参考let--letting 让trip--tripping绊倒step--stepping踩，踏rob--robbing抢劫set--setting设置nod--nodding点头fit--fitting合适regret--regretting后悔rot--rotting腐烂spot--spotting玷污slip--slipping滑倒wrap--wrapping包装 vs.及物动词Vi.不及物动词N.名词adv.副词Adj.形容词prep.介词Pron.代词Conj.连词Num.数词 illness患病haveafever发烧hurt疼痛haveacold感冒haveatoothache牙疼haveaheadache头疼haveasorethroat喉咙疼
英语语法归纳之非谓语动词（动名词） 敬告： 以下内容，不参加高考等有语法题（语法单选、语法填空、短文改错等）考试的应用类学员无须深究，知道该语法结构的存在，及其充当的句子成分和功能即可，应多花时间练习听说读写，否则就背离了语言学习真正目的。应试类学员有时间可以比较分析，基本搞懂。 过去分词长什么样？规则的情况下与动词过去式相同，当然有不规则的情况；过去分词可以充当定语、状语、补语、定语，不可能充当主语、宾语； 过去分词不像现在分词有多种体现时态和语态的形式，只有一种形式done表示。 1、过去分词可以充当主谓宾补句型中的宾语补语；它与宾语是被动关系，或者说它与宾语是动宾关系。 (1) We found the fish eaten by our cat. (2) I can’t make myself understood because of my poor English. 2、过去分词可以充当定语；充当定语当然是修饰主语、宾语等名性的结构；表达过去分词的动作是被动的或完成，或即被动又完成的。 (1) The party had last night (which was had last night) was very cheerful. (2) USA is a developed country (a country which has been developed). (3) A great number of students questioned (who had been questioned) said they were forced to practice the piano. 3、过分词可以充当状语，它与主句主语是被动关系，或者说它与主句的主语是动宾关系； 过去分词一般只强调被动动作而不强调时间，多用于条件和原因状语；(1) Taken in time, the medicine will turn out to be very effective. If the medicine is taken in time, it will turn out to be very effective. (2) Offered an important role in a new movie, Andy has a chance to become famous.
第7章动词的过去分词形式 动词的-ed形式也是非谓语动词的一种，它具有动词的一些特点，同时也具有形容词、副词的句法功能，在句中可用作表语、定语、状语和宾语补足语等。 一、动词的-ed形式的特征 A．动词的-ed形式是由动词的过去分词构成 动词的-ed形式只有一种形式，即传统语法中的过去分词。绝大部分的动词的-ed形式由动词原形加-ed构成，也有一些动词的-ed形式是不规则的。 1．规则动词的-ed形式 limit→limited（限制） pretend→pretended（假装） escape→escaped（逃脱） provide→provided（提供） refer→referred（提交） drag→dragged（拖） pray→prayed（祈祷） supply→supplied（供应） 2．不规则动词的-ed形式 cast→cast（投掷） spread→spread（传播） bite→bitten（咬） forgive→forgiven（原谅） spit→spat（吐） wear→worn（穿） fight→fought（搏斗） lose→lost（丢失） 3．少数动词的-ed形式作定语时，读音与一般过去分词不同 learned a learned professor 一位知识渊博的教授 aged an aged man 老人 beloved his beloved computer 他心爱的计算机 B．动词的-ed形式的否定形式 动词的-ed形式的否定形式是由not或never加动词的-ed形式构成。 Not allowed to go in, he had to wait outside. 不允许他进去，他只好在外面等着。 Never invited to his party, she got angry with him. 从未被邀请过去他的聚会，她很生气。 C．动词的-ed形式的特征 动词的-ed形式有被动的意思，有时也可表示完成的动作。 1．动词的-ed形式表示已完成的动作。 除了作形容词用的-ed形式外，动词的-ed形式可带有完成的意义，有的同时也带有被动的意义。
湖南省娄底市双峰县曾国藩实验学校初中英语语法《动名词和现在 分词的区别》教案 V-ing 的非谓语动词用法: 动名词和现在分词的区别 一、V-ing作动名词时具有名词的特征,因而在句中用作主语、表语、宾语、定语,有时它可以有自己的逻辑主语,也可以有时态和语态形式。如: 1. 作主语、表语 动名词作主语和表语表示泛指。如: Tom's not having finished his homework made his teac her angry. 汤姆没有完成作业使老师很生.(主语) Her job is keeping the offices clean. 她的工作是保持办公室清洁。(表语) 2. 作宾语 动名词常跟在某些动词如enjoy, finish, mind, can't help(禁不住), suggest(建议), advise, consider(考虑), practise, admit, imagine 等以及含介词的短语动词insist on, stop...from, look forward to, pay attention to等后面作宾语。如: Do you mind my smoking here? 你介意我在这儿吸烟吗? 3. 作定语 动名词作定语时表示被修饰词的用途和作用。如: Don't forget to take a shopping basket with you. 别忘了带上购物篮子。 a sleeping baby (一个正在睡觉的baby) baby可以睡觉--动作性--现在分词 a sleeping car.（卧车）车不可以睡觉--名词性---动名词 二、V-ing作现在分词充当非谓语动词时,它主要在句中充当定语、表语、宾补、主补及状语。如: 1. 作定语 现在分词作定语时表示该动作正在进行，现在分词与所修饰的名词有逻辑上的主谓关系。单个现在分词作定语通常放在被修饰词的前面.现在分词短语作定语则放在被修饰词之后。如: The rising sun looks very beautiful. 冉冉升起的太阳看上去很美。 若被修饰词与现在分词是被动关系时,须用现在分词的被动式(being done)作定语。如: The song being broadcas t is very popular with the young students. 正在播放的 歌曲深受青年学生的欢迎。 现在分词与动名词作定语的区别: 现在分词与所修饰的名词有逻辑上的主谓关系,而动 名词作定语表示作用与用途。如: Let sleeping dogs lie. 别招惹麻烦。(现在分词。相当于定语从句 which are sleeping) I think some sleeping pills may help you. 我想安眠药可以助你入睡。(动名词.表示用途,相当于pills for sleeping) 2. 作表语 现在分词作表语表示主语的性质,这时通常可以看作形容词,可以用very, so或much等 修饰。如: The news that our team had been beaten by them in the match was very surprising. 我们队在比赛中被他们打败的消息让人感到很意外。 The sound we heard last night was so frightening. 我们昨晚听到的声音令人恐怖。
三、分词的否定式 分词或分词短语表示否定意义时，将not置于分词之前，不能放在分词之后。 例句： Equipment not conforming to official safety standards has all been removed from the workshop. (2001年第24题) 分析：该句是简单句。not conforming to official safety standards是分词短语作后置定语修饰equipment。 译文：凡是不符合官方安全标准的设备都已经搬出了车间。 例句： Not having been destroyed by the heavy snow， our houses at last were kept perfect during last winter. 分析：该句是简单句。 Not having been destroyed by...在句中作状语表示原因，相当于because our houses had not been destroyed by...。 译文：由于没有遭到大雪的破坏，去年冬天我们的房子最终完好无损。 四、独立主格结构(Absolute Construction) 分词作状语时，分词的逻辑主语要与句子主语保持一致，即句子的主语便是它的逻辑主语，否则就会出现悬垂或荡空结构(前面已讲过)，但有时分词有其独立的逻辑主语，即分词的逻辑主语与句子主语不一致，这就是独立主格结构。 (一)独立主格结构公式 逻辑主语A+分词(短语)+主B谓 在上述公式中，其中(逻辑主语+分词短语)属于独立主格结构，主谓是一完整句子，两者位置可以相互调换，A、B两主语不一致(A、B由名词或代词充当，有时也可在逻辑主语A 前加上介词with或without)，如前面所述例句。 例句： All flights having been canceled because of the snowstorm， we decided to take the train. 分析： All flights...the snowstorm是独立主格结构部分， we decided...为一完整句子， all flights和we所指不一样，即分词的逻辑主语与句子主语不一致。另外，公式中分词短语也可用不定式、形容词等来代替。 (二)独立主格结构具体构成 1. 逻辑主语+分词(现在分词或过去分词)
高中英语高考语法过去分词讲与练 过去分词只有一种形式，即-ed形式或特殊形式。过去分词通常表示被动，完成。 pollute polluted write written show showed/shown 过去分词的否定：not done ★A.定语: 过去分词作定语只有一个词时，通常放在被修饰的名词前面(但也有例外)，是一个短语作定语时，就放在被修饰的名词之后。过去分词作定语时，被修饰的名词与过去 分词之间是被动关系。 1)We can’t live on borrowed money. 2)The forgotten men and women of our country will be forgotten no longer. 3)You mustn’t drink the polluted water. 4)You mustn’t drink the water polluted by the chemicals from the factory. 5)The computer centre, opened last year, is very popular among the students in this school． 6)Jim has retired, but he still remembers the happy time spent with his students. 7) ---- Can those seated/sitting at the back of the classroom hear me? ---- No problem. 8)Experts think that the recently discovered painting may be a Picasso. ●以下过去分词作定语，虽然是一个词，但习惯上放在被修饰的名词之后： 1)A great number of students questioned said they were forced to practice the piano. 2)Now that we’ve discussed our problem, are people happy with the decisions taken? 3)All the efforts made will pay off, at last. 4)After completing and signing it, please return the form to us in the envelope provided. 5)These men undergo a long period of testing and training. One of the things tested is their behavior under stress. 6)The head of the museum reported paid 200 million dollars for the painting. 7)As the researchers expected, 30% of the drivers surveyed said that they fell asleep while driving. 8)Forty-two percent of people asked admitted that they turned to the back of the book to read the end before finishing the story 9)The money collected should be made good use of to help the people who suffered a lot in the earthquake. (collected也可放在money的前面) a carefully(badly)written article (report/composition) a widely(narrowly) used language (tool/book) a newly discovered island (village/tomb/forest) a newly invented/made machine (helicopter/fan) a well(badly) built bridge (dam/house/railway) a highly developed country (state/province/city) ●以下过去分词作定语只表示完成，不表示被动: a fallen tree/leaf: 倒下的树/落叶the risen sun/moon: 升起了的太阳/月亮a faded rose: 凋谢的玫瑰花 a retired worker: 退休工人 an escaped prisoner: 逃犯 a returned student: 归国留学生★B. 表语: 过去分词可放在系动词be, become, get, look, seem, appear, sound等后作表语，表示主语自身的感受。 1)Everybody is really excited about the new Olympic stadium. 2)He became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people. 3)The painter looked tired after working for a whole day. 4) My mother appeared pleased with the lanterns she had made. ●以下动词除scare, delight, trouble,stress (使焦虑不安;使疲惫不堪)外均可加ed或 ing构成一个形容词。-ed形容词常表示主语或被修饰的人/动物自身的感受; ing形容 词常表示主语或被修饰的名词使/令人有某种感受。 surprise, astonish, amaze, shock, frighten, terrify, alarm(使害怕/惊恐), touch, move, annoy(使生气/恼怒), bore(使厌烦), disturb(使焦虑/烦恼/不安/惊讶), please, amuse, fulfill(使高兴/满意), encourage, inspire, tire, exhaust, interest, satisfy, excite, relax, disgust(使反感), worry, frustrate(使沮丧), disappoint, embarrass, confuse, puzzle, thrill, depress, convince… boring : 令人生厌的; 令人厌倦的; 没趣的; 乏味的; 无聊的 annoying: 使人烦恼的/心烦的/生气的; 使人气恼的/恼火的/讨厌的 【scare --- scary】【delight ---delightful】 【trouble ---troublesome】【stress -- stressful】 【upset ---upsetting】 ●以上动词构成的-ed形式还可用来修饰以下名词: face, look, laugh, smile, eye, voice， manner, heart, expression, tone, cry, feeling, conversation, pace等。 1)Her excited laugh shows that she has been hired by the company. 2) Can you see your mother’s frightened eyes?
现在分词 一、基础知识： 现在分词（也叫动名词）：表示主动和进行。 基本形式：doing 否定式：not doing 被动式：being done 完成式：having done 二、具体用法： 1.动名词作主语和宾语： （1）把一个动词变成-ing形式可以当做名词来用，表示一种经常性、习惯性的动作，可在句中充当主语和宾语。 eg: Working with you is a pleasure. I like reading in my free time. （2）可以用it做形式主语或形式宾语放在前面，再用动名词做真正的主语或宾语放在后面，这种用法常用于以下句式： ①It is/was no use/good doing sth. 做某事是没用的/没有好处的。 eg: It’s no use begging for his mercy. It’s no good smoking too much. ②It is/was a waster of time doing sth. 做某事是浪费时间的。 eg: It is a waste of time copying others’ homework. ③It is/was worth doing sth. 做某事是值得的。 eg: It was worth making the effort. ④There is/was no sense in doing sth. 做某事是没有道理的/意义的。 eg: There is no sense in arguing with your wife. ⑤There is/was no point (in) doing sth. 做某事是没用的/无意义的。 eg: There is no point in getting angry. ⑥There is no shame in doing sth. 做某事是不丢脸的。 eg: There is no shame in saying sorry to your friends. ⑦There is no telling…无法预言会… eg: There is no telling what will happen. ※注意：动名词作主语时，其前可用名词所有格和形容词性物主代词修饰，即one’s doing sth.作主语。 eg: Tom’s being late again made his teacher angry. My going to Beijing University is my parents’ biggest dream. （3）动名词作宾语分为两种情况：动名词后的宾语和介词后的宾语 ①有些动词后只能接动名词作宾语，常见的有： avoid, advise, allow, admit, appreciate, consider, deny, enjoy, keep, finish, suggest, dislike, delay, risk, escape, imagine, mind, miss, permit, practice, fancy, can’t help, be busy, give up, can’t stand, feel like等。 eg: You must avoid being hurt when crossing the road. ②有些动词后即可接动名词也可接不定式作宾语，常见的有： A: start, begin, intend, attempt, continue等后接doing和to do无区别。 B: like, love, prefer, hate等后接doing和to do略有区别，后接doing侧重经常习惯性的行为，后接to do侧重具体的某一次行为。 eg: I like swimming in summer but today I like to see a film at home