九年级英语（完形填空与短文填空）练习题
命题人：程忍审批人：卓应春时间：2011-10-26
一、完形填空
A
There was a successful businessman, and he wanted his son to know the value (价值) of 1 . One day he told him, "Today, you should earn (挣) something. If you can't, you won't have your meal tonight."
The son was afraid and cried before his 2 . His mother gave him a gold coin. In the evening 3 the father came back, the son showed him the gold coin. The father then 4 him to throw it into a well (水井). The son did as he was asked.
The next day the father asked his son to earn something again. This time his son cried 5 his grandma.Then she 6 him some money. When his father came back, he again asked him to throw it into the well. The son did it.
One day there was no one else at home. His father asked him to earn something. There was no one that could 7 him, The son went to the market to find work. A shopkeeper asked him to carry things. He agreed. He tried his best and got some 8 from his work. As he returned home, his father again asked him to throw the money. The son almost 9 out, "Father! I worked hard and made the money, 10 you are asking me to throw the money into the well." "
The businessman was very happy..
( )1. A. meals B. money C. work D, books
( )2. A. mother B. grandma C. sister D. aunt
( )3. A. before B. when C. during D. until
( )4. A. let B. hoped C. made D. asked
( )5. A. for B. with C. before D. at ( )6. A. borrowed B. took C. lent D. gave
( )7. A. help B. care C. tell D. see
( )8. A. book B. money C. food D. clothes
( )9. A. laughed B. spoke C. cried D. looked
( )10. A. and B. because C. if D. but
(B)
My friend Matt and I arrived at the Activity Centre on Friday evening. The 1 condition wasn’t wonderful, but we had everything we needed (beds, blankets and food), and we were 2 to be out of the city and in the fresh air.
On 3 morning we met the other ten members of our group. Cameron had come along with 4 friends, Kevin and simon, while sisters Carole and Lynn had come with Amanda. There were some other members 5 I didn't know. We came from different places and none of us 6 the area.
We knew we were going to spend the weekend outdoors, 7 none of us was sure exactly how. Half of us spent the 8 caving (钻洞) while the others went rockclimbing and then we changed after lunchtime. Matt and I went to the caves (岩洞) first. Climbing out was 9 than going in, but after a good deal of pushing, we were out at last. Though we were 10 with mud (泥), we were pleased and excited by what we'd done.
( )1. A. studying B. living C. working D. playing
( )2. A. bored B. sad C. worried D. pleased
( )3. A. Saturday B. Friday C. Monday D. Thurs day
( )4. A. one B. two C. three D. four
( )5. A. which B. what C. whom D. whose
( )6. A. liked B. knew C. realized D. understood
( )7. A. but B. so C. because D. and
( )8. A. evening B. afternoon C. night D. morning
( )9. A. better B. easier C. harder D. faster
( )10. A. covered B. come C. agreed D. caught
(C)
If you listen to her singing, you will be amazed at the voice that you hear. You may want to know 1 it is the voice of an angel (天使). The beautiful sounds actually come from a 12-year-old girl 2 Gab! Wilson.
Gabi is regarded as one of the most 3 kids in America for her skills on the piano, the drum and the guitar -- especially she 4 pretty well.
"When I was still in my mom's 5 , I heard my dad and his band play music a lot," Gabi joked. It seemed that she had great interest in music even before she was 6 .
Now, Gabi is famous in 7 , She is always traveling around the country, to sing and perform. But this busy girl is also a great 8 and does very well in her studies. "My friends aren't jealous (羡慕的) of my fame. They're really 9 of me. They 10 me a lot and go to my concerts.
Sometimes they ask me to sing for them," Gabi said.
( )1. A. why B. whether C. what D. how
( )2. A, name B. names C. called D. calling
( )3. A. talented B. beautiful C. interesting D. important
( )4. A. speaks B. sings C. plays D. dances
( )5. A. home B. bed C. office D. body
( )6. A. born B. a baby C. a child D. a singer
( )7. A. world B. America C. China D. Canada
( )8. A. singer B. dancer C. student D. kid
( )9. A. strict B. pleased " C. pride D. proud ( )10. A. support B..offer C. afford D. hold
(D)
My sister, Kathy, has had a kind of serious disease since she was born. My parents decided to raise her just like their other children, 1 the doctor told them that she might never walk, probably couldn' t talk, or even play like other children.
Kathy couldn't walk 2 eighteen months old. She liked to play with other children, and especially she liked to listen to music and 3 . If a song happened to be one that she liked, she would dance 4 it.
When Kathy was three, my parents got her a set of 5 . They tied (系) them to Kathy's ankles (脚脖) and told her to dance. Kathy was so happy that she 6_ the bells every day and danced.
At the age of ten, my parents sent her to a dance 7 .There she danced With three other girls 8 had the same disease in the same class. They worked hard and were 9 at the year-end show. Everyone loved them. Since then they danced for schools and other shows. She has realized she is 10 , but when it comes to dancing, she simply dances with her heart.
( )1. A. so B. although C. however D. but
( )2. A. until B. before C. though D. if
( )3. A. sing B. play C. read D. dance
( )4. A. at B. on C) to D. with
( )5. A. bells B. keys C. cards D. dolls
( )6. A. wore B. took C. made D. stood
( )7. A. club B. school C. party D. show
( )8. A. what B. which C. why D. who
( )9. A. disappointed B. successful C. bored D. relaxed
( )10. A. famous B. great C. different D. the best
二.短文填空
（一）用方框内所给单词的正确形式填空．使短文意思通面、完整。每个单词只能使用1次。有两个多余选项。
It was sunny last weekend. I went on a trip with my friends in the countryside. It is not far from our city, so we went there by 1 . It took us about an hour to get there. It was really a good place to relax. The _2_ was blue and the river is clean. Green trees and 3 flowers were here and there. After playing for a .while, we had a 4 there. The food was simple, but we enjoyed it. In the afternoon, we had fun swimming in the river. At about four o'clock, we began to come back. On our way home, we found a mobile phone 5 on the ground. We didn't know who 6 it. But we thought the person who lost it would 7 come back to look for it. So we decided to stand there and wait for the 8 . Finally, a man came over. He looked very 9 , so we went up to ask what was wrong. He said his mobile phone was missing. When we returned the mobile phone to him, he was very happy and thanked 10 a lot. Then we rode home happily.
1.____________
2.____________
3.___________
4.____________
5.____________
6.____________
7.____________
8.___________
9.____________10.___________
(二)用方框内所给单词的正确形式填空．使短文意思通顺、完整。每个单词只能使用1次。有两个多余选项。
One day, I talked with a stranger on the bus. When he found out that I was from Chicago, he told me that one of his good friends lived there and he 1 if I happened to (碰巧) know him. At 2 , I wanted to say that Chicago was a very big city, but I didn't.
He told me that his friend was an excellent tennis player, and that he even had his 3 tennis court (球场). He 4 that he knew a lot of people who had swimming pools, but that he only knew 5 people in the country who had their own tennis courts. And his friend in Chicago was one of 6 . I told him that I knew several people 7 that. For example, my brother and my next-door neighbor. I told him that my brother was a doctor and he had a tennis court. I said that my next-door-neighbor went to Sacramento last summer. 8 lived in the house next to my brother's. For a moment, we looked at each other, but we did not say 9 .
"Would your friend's name happen to be Roland Kirkwood?" I asked finally. He laughed and said; "Would your 10 name happen to be Ray Hunter?" It was my turn to laugh.
1.____________
2.____________
3.___________
4.____________
5.____________
6.____________
7.____________
8.___________
9.____________10.___________
（三）用方框内所给单词的正确形式填空．使短文意思通顺、完整。每个单词只能使用1次。有两个多余选项。
Niagara Falls are a powerful waterfall in North America. They are found on the Niagara River. This river is the border (界线) 1 the United States and Canada. It connects two lakes, Lake Erie and Lake Ontario. The falls 2 into being during the last Ice Age. It was 12,300 years ago. The falls have a long 3 .
The two countries 4 Niagara Falls. There are different falls on each country's land. Lots of people come to visit the beautiful 5 of the falls. They can also visit Bridal Veil Falls. They are on the American side. People can also visit Horseshoe Falls. They are on the Canadian side. The falls 6 a lot of water energy
for them. The energy is shared by both countries.
People have always been 7 by the energy on the river. Many factories were built by the 8 about two hundred years ago. They 9 the energy from the falls. Lots of people were worried and they 10 that this would destroy the beauty.
1.____________
2.____________
3.___________
4.____________
5.____________
6.____________
7.____________
8.___________
9.____________10.___________
(四)用方框内所给单词的正确形式填空，使短文意思通顺、完整。每个单词只能使用1次。有两个多余选项。
Last year, I bought a flower pot. But I didn't use it. Last week, I went to buy some 1 seeds （种子). I planted the seeds in the flower pot. For a few days, nothing 2 .But I went on 3 the seeds. On the tenth day, I saw green sprouts (芽). I was so excited, I knew that I could make something grow!
Growing flowers 4 like growing happiness. Our lives are sometimes like the empty pots. Our days are filled with lots of different 5 . However, we usually don' t do many things just because they are of little 6 . We feel that something is missing (丢失的). The missing things in my flower pot were seeds. The things 7 we may be missing in life are seeds of hope, love and dreams.
I planted, many 8 flower seeds that day because I knew that the things that would come out are exactly what I have planted. This is the same 9 planting things in life. Everything that is planted inside 10 heart will grow. If I plant negative (消极的) thoughts inside my heart, I will only become sadder and sadder with each passing day. If I plant seeds of hope, I can expect wonderful things.
1.____________
2.____________
3.___________
4.____________
5.____________
6.____________
7.____________
8.___________
9.____________10.___________
(五)用方框内所给单词的正确形式填空，使短文意思通顺、完整。每个单词只能使用1次。有两个多余选项。
Ever since I was little, my favorite season was winter. 1 to play 'in the snow.
But winter never gave me the 2 gift of snow on my birthday. Snow always
3 my birthday.
I asked my grandmother why it didn't snow on my birthday. She laughed and said I asked too many questions. But one day, she promised (答应) that she 4 make it snow on my next birthday. I thanked her.
That year. before my birthday, my grandmother died of 5 . I was sad because she had promised me to make it snow. On the day of my sixth birthday, I 6 up and ran to the window. 7 to see snow, but there was no snow. I cried all day because my grandmother let me down.
By my sixteenth birthday, l had lost all hope of 8 my snow. even though I still wished for it. I was outside with a friend when she asked me if I was having a good time. I told her I was having the best time ever. Just then I saw the white snow 9 all around. I was so 10 . I thought it must be my grandmother who made it snow.
1．__________2.____________3._____________4.____________5.___________ 6.___________7.____________8._____________9._____________10.__________
中考英语短文填空训练题库 1 1 When you go to a c 1 or a high school sporting event, you can see cheerleaders. Cheerleaders dress in the colours of their team. They jump and dance in front of the crowd and s 2 the name of their team. Their job is to excite the crowd. Everybody makes a lot of n 3 . They want their team to win the game. The f 4 cheerleader was a man. In 1898, Johnny Campbell jumped in front of the crowd at the University of Minnesota and shouted for his team. He shouted, “HoorayMinnesota! ”This was the first organized shout, or “yell ”Fo.r the n 5 thirty-two years cheerleaders were men only. Women were not cheerleaders u 6 1930. Today cheerleaders work in t 7 . They practise special shouts, dances, and athletic shows. Often the women work separately from the men, but cheerleaders are the most e 8 when men and women work together. The men throw the women high in the air and then catch them. The team members climb on each other ’s shoulders to make a human pyramid. They yell and dance, too. Cheerleadersnow have their o 9 contests. Every year there are local, state, and national contests for cheerleaders.The teams make newer, faster, and more exciting shows to be the best, and the crowd shouts. They want their cheerleaders to w 10 . 1.____________ 2.____________ 3._____________ 4.___________ 5. __________ 6.____________ 7.____________ 8._____________ 9.___________10. __________ 1. college 2.shout 3.noise 4.first 5.next 6. until 7.team 8.excited 9.own 10.win 2 Do you want to improve the way you study? Do you feel nervous before a test? For many students, their biggest 1 is that they can not concentrate on their study or tests. It seriously affects (影响) both their study and the results of the test.
Historical Development of Matertials and Technology The common engineering materials include metals, cementing materials, concrete building stones, clay products, insulating materials, timber. Some of them are described here from the stand-point of occurrence, manufacture, properties, methods of testing, and use. The development of materials with improved properties is a vital phase of engineering. Progress in engineering construction has been dependent on the availability of materials of suitable physical properties in large quantities; for example, the development of the modern automobile was critically dependent on availability of high quality alloy steels, and the all-metal airplane was made possible by the development of light weight high-strength alloys. ◆Phase: 相；阶段。 ◆a distinct period or stage in a process of change or forming part of something's development Example： phase two of the development is in progress. ◆第二阶段开发正在进行中。 ◆Vital: 必要的，必不可少的。 ◆it is vital that the system is regularly maintained.这个系统有必要 经常维修。
中考英语综合填空和完形填空专题训练 (WORD版本试题+名师解析答案，建议下载练习) A 根据短文内容及首字母提示,填写所缺单词,使短文意思完整。每空限填一词。 (2019湖北武汉押题卷,2) A stag(雄鹿)went for a trip with his family to another forest.They enjoyed the new forest,which was 1.c with thick bushes and trees. That day,the stag was playing with his family.All of a sudden,the antlers(鹿角)of the stag got 2.c in the branches of a tree.He tried hard,but could not get himself 3.f;his wife and baby kept on watching helplessly. The stag thought,“Everything was fine,till now.But I am stuck.I could never return home.How unlucky I am!We came here for 4.p,but I think this is the worst period of my life.” The stag was so tired that he finally gave up and kept 5.s,standing there sadly the whole night.And he didn’t dare to shout at all because he was 6.a of the hunter’s coming. The next morning,a woodcutter 7.n the stag.He cut down the branches and let the stag go.The stag thanked the woodcutter and rushed home with his family.To their surprise,many animals in their home 8.a have been killed by the lions the day before. At once,the stag realized that he and his family had avoided being 9.k because of his caught antlers.The moments which he 10.c to be the worst period of his life turned out to be the luckiest for him. 答案: 1.covered 2.caught 3.free 4.pleasure 5.silent 6.afraid 7.noticed 8.around 9.killed10.considered B 根据短文内容及首字母提示,填写所缺单词,使短文意思完整。每空限填一词。 (2019天津五区一模)
完形填空专练 一、 When Mr Smith retired(退休), he bought a small 1 in a village near the sea. He2 it and hoped to live a quiet life in this house. But to his great surprise, many tourists came to see his house in summer holidays, for it was the most 3 building in the village. From morning to night there w ere 4 outside the house. They kept looking into the rooms through the windows and 5 of them even w ent into Mr Smith’s garden. This was too much for Mr Smith. He decided to ask the visitors to 6 . So he put a notice on the window. The notice said, “If you want 7 your curiosity(好奇心)，come in and look round. Price: twenty dollars.” Mr Smith was sure that the visitors would 8 coming, but he was wrong. More and more visitors came and Mr Smith had to 9 every day showing them around his house.“I came here to 10 not to work as a guide（导游）,”he said angrily. In the end, he sold the house and moved away. （）1.A. garden B. shop C. house D. school （）2. A. liked B. hated C. sold D. built （）3. A. big B. interesting C. small D. clean （）4. A. children B. students C. parents D. tourists （）5. A. no B. none C. many D. much （）6. A. come B. leave C. stay D. play （）7. A. to satisfy B. satisfy C. to satisfying D. satisfying （）8. A. go on B. stop C. continue D. not （）9. A. take B. cost C. spend D. pay （）10. A. play B. work C. watch D. retire 二、完形填空（共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分） 通读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后在31-40题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出一个最佳答案。 One day, a boy had a fight with one of his classmates. Then he w ent to his 31 and told him his story angrily. “He is really bad,” the boy said, “and I 32 him.” The grandfather said, “33 me tell you a story. When I was a boy, I too, sometimes hated others for what they did. …..” As the boy 34 carefully, the grandfather went on, “There are always two tigers inside my heart. One is 35 and kind. He gets on w ell 36 everything around him. But 37 is bad and unfriendly. Even the smallest thing will make him angry. He fights with everyone all the time, and for no reason. He can’t think carefully 38 he always hates others. It is difficult to live with these two tigers inside my heart. They both try to control(控制) me. ” The boy looked into his grandfather’s 39 and asked, “40 tiger always controls you, Grandfather?” The old man said slowly and seriously, “The one that I f eed. I always feed the good and kind tiger, so I never hate others and seldom(很少) get angry now. ” 31. A. mother B. father C. teacher D. grandfather 32. A. love B. hate C. know D. enjoy 33. A. Make B. Help C. Let D. Ask 34. A. saw B. felt C. talked D. listened 35. A. good B. bad C. lazy D. quiet 36. A. at B. on C. with D. about 37. A. other B. others C. another D. the other
United 1 材料科学与工程 材料在我们的文化中比我们认识到的还要根深蒂固。如交通、房子、衣物，通讯、娱乐和食物的生产，实际上，我们日常生活中的每一部分都或多或少地受到材料的影响。历史上社会的发展、先进与那些能满足社会需要的材料的生产及操作能力密切相关。实际上，早期的文明就以材料的发展程度来命名，如石器时代，铜器时代。早期人们能得到的只有一些很有限的天然材料，如石头、木材、粘土等。渐渐地，他们通过技术来生产优于自然材料的新材料，这些新材料包括陶器和金属。进一步地，人们发现材料的性质可以通过加热或加入其他物质来改变。在这点上，材料的应用完全是一个选择的过程。也就是说，在一系列非常有限的材料中，根据材料的优点选择一种最适合某种应用的材料。直到最近，科学家才终于了解材料的结构要素与其特性之间的关系。这个大约是过去的 60 年中获得的认识使得材料的性质研究成为时髦。因此，成千上万的材料通过其特殊的性质得以发展来满足我们现代及复杂的社会需要。很多使我们生活舒适的技术的发展与适宜材料的获得密切相关。一种材料的先进程度通常是一种技术进步的先兆。比如，没有便宜的钢制品或其他替代品就没有汽车。在现代，复杂的电子器件取决于所谓的半导体零件. 材料科学与工程有时把材料科学与工程细分成材料科学和材料工程学科是有用的。严格地说，材料科学涉及材料到研究材料的结构和性质的关系。相反，材料工程是根据材料的结构和性质的关系来设计或操纵材料的结构以求制造出一系列可预定的性质。从功能方面来说，材料科学家的作用是发展或合成新的材料，而材料工程师是利用已有的材料创造新的产品或体系，和/或发展材料加工新技术。多数材料专业的本科毕业生被同时训练成材料科学家和材料工程师。“structure”一词是个模糊的术语值得解释。简单地说，材料的结构通常与其内在成分的排列有关。原子内的结构包括介于单个原子间的电子和原子核的相互作用。在原子水平上，结构包括原子或分子与其他相关的原子或分子的组织。在更大的结构领域上，其包括大的原子团，这些原子团通常聚集在一起，称为“微观”结构，意思是可以使用某种显微镜直接观察得到的结构。最后，结构单元可以通过肉眼看到的称为宏观结构。 “Property”一词的概念值得详细阐述。在使用中，所有材料对外部的刺激都表现出某种反应。比如，材料受到力作用会引起形变，或者抛光金属表面会反射光。材料的特征取决于其对外部刺激的反应程度。通常，材料的性质与其形状及大小无关。实际上，所有固体材料的重要性质可以概括分为六类：机械、电学、热学、磁学、光学和腐蚀性。对于每一种性质，其都有一种对特定刺激引起反应的能 力。如机械性能与施加压力引起的形变有关，包括弹性和强度。对于电性能，如电导性和介电系数，特定的刺激物是电场。固体的热学行为则可用热容和热导率来表示。磁学性质
阅读理解，短文填空与完形填空检测卷 一.阅读短文,判断正(T)误(F)。 (A) Hi! I'm Mike. I'm ten years old. This is my grandpa．He likes beef. He is a driver. This is my uncle. He is tall and thin. He likes noodles. He is a cook. This is my sister. She is three. She is cute. She likes fish. I am a student. I like vegetables. ( )1．His grandma is a driver. ( )2．His uncle is tall and thin. ( )3. His sister is cute. ( )4．Mike is three years old. He likes fish. ( )5．Mike is 10 years old. He is a pupil. (B) My name is John. I'm 11．I'm a quiet boy. I have a friend. His name is Tom. He's 12．He has black glasses. He is tall and thin. He has short hair and big eyes. He is very friendly. We are good friends. ( )1．Tom is 12 years old. ( )2．John is a friendly boy. ( )3. Tom has green glasses and a big bag. ( )4. Tom is quiet. ( )5．They are good friends. 二、根据短文内容，选择正确的答案。
初中英语学习材料 madeofjingetieji 完形填空。 通读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从各题所给的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案。 I’m seventeen now and I’m in a high school. I’m going to __1__ high school in two years. And then I’m going to go to college for four years. I’m going to study __2__ because after college I’m going to work as an English teacher. While at college, I’m also going to take a computer course because I’m going to __3__ computer in my work. Also, I’m going to play sports to keep __4__ at college. I really enjoy traveling, so before __5__ to work, I’m going to travel. To get the __6__ to travel, I’m going to get a part-time job in a restaurant. I’m going to __7__ my money for six months and then I’m going to visit Egypt. I’m going to see the Pyramids and __8__ a camel! I’m going to take lots of __9__ on my trip so that I can remember it. I’m going to concentrate on my studies and my job. So I’m not going to get married __10__ I’m a little older. 1. A. begin B. ask C. finish D. show 2. A. English B. math C. history D. science 3. A. spend B. take C. use D. cost 4. A. excited B. healthy C. quiet D. nervous 5. A. go B. running C. leaving D. starting 6. A. time B. work C. money D. sport 7. A. lose B. look C. save D. sell 8. A. ride B. drive C. buy D. borrow 9. A. books B. drinks C. subjects D. photos 10. A. so B. until C. because D. as 【答案】： 1—5 CACBD 6—10 CCADB 金戈铁骑
短文填空专题训练 步骤（Step） 一、跳过空格，通读短文，了解大意 根据首字母填空的题型，实际上相当于完形填空，必须先快速通读全文，尽量理解文章的主要内容，再仔细揣摩需要填词的句子，只有完全理解全句的意思，才能准确填写单词。 二、复读短文，确定语义，判断词形。 1．利用上下文的语境，结合所学过的知识，先确定空格处所需词语的意义. 2．再根据空格在句子中的位置，判断其在句中充当的成分，从而确定所填词的词性，再依据词语搭配和语法规则，判断所填的词的正确形式。例如，单，复数、形容词，副词的级别、时态、语态、语气及非谓语动词的形式等，要特别注意时态的呼应及主谓一致。 三、通读短文，检查答案 注意点（Attentions） 一、确定正确的时态 1．根据句中的时间状语来确定时态。 例如，现在完成时的时间状语：already, yet, ever, never, just, before, for, since+时间点；since+过去时态的句子, so far, by now, in/during the last/past few years etc 2．注意时态呼应。 在主从复合句中，主句谓语与从句谓语动词的时态是相互照应的。 1）在宾语从句中，如果主句是一般现在时，从句根据需要选用任何时态； 如果主句是一般过去时，从句要用过去的某种时态；如果从句表达的是一个客观事实不管主句是何种时态，从句仍用一般现在时。 2）在状语从句中，如果主句是一般将来时，或是祈使句，或是含情态动词的句子，时间和条件状语从句中要用一般现在时表示将来发生的动作。3．根据上下文确定时态。 有时句子没有明显的时间状语，也不能用时态呼应规则来对照，这时就可以根据上下文内容来判断时间关系，确定时态。如： 如：“You’ve certainly touched my heart with your choices. And I’m sure the Five Friendlies_____(touch) the heart of the world.”句意是“你以你的选择已经震撼了我的心，我相信这五个福娃将会给世人带来震撼。”后句是笔者对美好事物的祝愿，所以应用一般将来时。
1.2 总线互连 总线是连接两个或多个设备的通信通路。总线的关键特征是，它是一条共享传输介质。多个设备连接到总线上，任一个设备发出的信号可以为其他所有连接到总线上的设备所接收。如果两个设备同时传送，它们的信号将会重叠，引起混淆。因此，一次只能有一个设备成功地（利用总线）发送数据。 典型的情况是，总线由多条通信通路或线路组成，每条线(路)能够传送代表二进制1和0的信号。一段时间里，一条线能传送一串二进制数字。总线的几条线放在一起能同时并行传送二进制数字。例如, 一个8位的数据能在8条总线线上传送。 计算机系统包含有多种不同的总线，它们在计算机系统层次结构的各个层次提供部件之间的通路。连接主要计算机部件(处理机, 存储器, I/O)的总线称为系统总线。系统总线通常由50~100条分立的(导)线组成。每条线被赋予一个特定的含义或功能。虽然有许多不同的总线设计，但任何总线上的线都可以分成三个功能组：数据线、地址线和控制线。此外可能还有为连接的模块提供电源的电源线。 数据线提供系统模块间传送数据的路径，这些线组合在一起称为数据总线。典型的数据总线包含8、16或32根线，线的数量称为数据总线的宽度。因为每条线每次传送1位，所以线的数目决定了每次能同时传送多少位。数据总线的宽度是决定系统总体性能的关键因素。 地址线用于指定数据总线上数据的来源和去向。例如，如果处理机希望从存储器中读一个字的数据，它将所需要字的地址放在地址线上。显然，地址总线的宽度决定了系统最大可能的存储器容量。 控制线用来控制对数据线和地址线的访问和使用。由于数据线和地址线被所有部件共享，因此必须用一种方法来控制它们的使用。控制信号在系统模块之间传送命令和定时信息。定时信息指定了数据和地址信息的有效性，命令信号指定了要执行的操作。 大多数计算机系统使用多总线，这些总线通常设计成层次结构。图1.3显示了一个典型的高性能体系结构。一条局部总线把处理机连接到高速缓存控制器，而高速缓存控制器又连接到支持主存储器的系统总线上。高速缓存控制器集成到连接高速总线的桥中。这一总线支持连接到：高速LAN、视频和图形工作站控制器，以及包括SCSI 和FireWire的局部外设总线的接口控制器。低速设备仍然由分开的扩充总线支持，用一个接口来缓冲该扩充总线和高速总线之间的通信流量。 PCI 外部设备互连是流行的高带宽的、独立于处理机的总线，它能够作为中间层或外围设备总线。当前的标准允许在66MHz频率下使用多达64根数据线，其原始传输速率为528MB/s, 或4.224Gbps。PCI被设计成支持各种各样基于微处理机的配置，包括单处理机和多处理机的系统。因此，它提供了一组通用的功能。PCI使用同步时序以及集中式仲裁方案。 在多处理机系统中，一个或多个PCI配置可通过桥接器连接到处理机的系统总线上。系统总线只支持处理机/高速缓存单元、主存储器以及PCI桥接器。使用桥接器使得PCI独立于处理机速度，又提供快速接收和传送数据的能力。 2.1 光存储介质：高密度存储器 2.1.1 光盘 光盘技术最终可能使磁盘和磁带存储淘汰。用这种技术，磁存储器所用的读/写头被两束激光代替。一束激光通过在光盘上刻制微小的凹点，对记录表面进行写；而另一束激光用来从光敏感的记录表面读取数据。由于光束容易被偏转到光盘上所需要的位置，所以不需要存取臂。 对用户而言，光盘正成为最有吸引力的选择。它们(光盘)对环境变化不太敏感，并且它们以每兆字节比磁盘低得多的存储器价格提供更多的直接存取存储器。光盘技术仍在出现，并且还需要稳定；然而，目前有三种主要类型的光盘。它们是CD-ROM、WORM盘和磁光盘。 CD-ROM 1980年引入的，非常成功的CD，或紧密盘是设计来提高音乐的录音重放质量的光盘。为了制作一张CD，把音乐的模拟声音转换成等价的数字声音，并且存储在一张4.72英寸的光盘上。在每张光盘上可以用数字格式（用20亿数字位）记录74分钟的音乐。因为它的巨大存储容量，计算机工业的企业家们立刻认
中考英语完形填空解题技巧与专项训练10篇 师宗县竹基中学英语备课组 “完形填空（CLOZE TEST）”是云南省及曲靖市中考英语试题中固定而重要的题型。 它是一种障碍性的测试题。在一定程度上考查考生的阅读能力、逻辑推理及分析归纳、综合 判断能力。完型填空就是给考生一篇语句连贯的短文，命题人有目的地在每隔一定数量的词 语后挖去一处词语，形成总共10处词语空缺，然后在相应的空缺处设置包括二到三个干扰 答案在内的三个或四个备选答案，需要考生从这些选项中选出一个最佳的答案。从完型填空 的命题形式来看，待填充的10个填空不是孤立存在的，而是处在一整篇文章的大背景之中 的。从这个角度，完型文章实际上是由未知信息（即10处填空）和已知信息（即10处填空之外的那些可以阅读到的信息）组成的。虽然未知信息是考生看不到的，但是未知信息与已知信息之间有着各种各样、千丝万缕的关系，命题者之所以将10个未知信息设置在大量的已知 信息之中，就是要求考生在对这些已知信息进行充分把握和理解的基础上，通过已知信息去 破解未知信息。完形填空题，考查的目的是在篇章中考查考生掌握基础知识、辨析词汇的能力。完形填空对考查归纳理解、综合思维等能力都是非常好的，有利于开发智力，把不完整 的文章，通过自己的分析，变成完整的文章，这是对学生想像思维的训练。所以考生首先要 正确对待这道题，解除心理障碍。 这种题型归纳起来有如下特点： 1. 在整份试卷中所占的分值较重，占10—15%，长度一般在130—200个单词左右。 2?降低了对单词本身的考查要求，重点考查考生对短文的整体理解，上下文的段落衔接， 情理分析及推理判断能力。 3 ?针对初中学生的实际水平，一般采用故事体，尽量避免专业性太强的文章或论文体。 近几年来出现了以意义选择为主、语法选择逐渐减少的趋势。 “完形填空”有多种形式，但它在基本设计原则上都是一致的。形式都是从短文中抽去 若干词，让考生根据上下文填入适当的词，为了有助于考生填入适当的词，可以提供四个答 案（其中包括一个正确答案），让考生选出正确的答案；也可以给出单词首字母完形填空， 或者给出字母及单词长度（由几个字母组成）；也可以不给考生提供任何线索，完全凭借考 生对文章的理解和现有的语言能力完成。最常见的还是选择型的“完形填空”。 “抽词法”可以是有针对性地抽，也可以是随机地抽。但目前比较流行的是对文章理解能
八年级上册英语完形填空专项练习 1 When Mr Smith retired(退休), he bought a small 1 in a village near the sea. He2 it and hoped to live a quiet life in this house. But to his great surprise, many tourists came to see his house in summer holidays, for it was the most 3 building in the village. From morning to night there were 4 outside the house. They kept looking into the rooms through the windows and 5 of them even went into Mr Smith’s garden. This was too much for Mr Smith. He decided to ask the visitors to 6 . So he put a notice on the window. The notice said, “If you want 7 your curiosity(好奇心)，come in and look round. Price: twenty dollars.” Mr Smith was sure that the visitors would8 coming, but he was wrong. More and more visitors came and Mr Smith had to 9 every day showing them around his house.“I came here to 10 not to work as a guide（导游）,”he said angrily. In the end, he sold the house and moved away. （）. garden B. shop C. house D. school （）2. A. liked B. hated C. sold D. built （）3. A. big B. interesting C. small D. clean （）4. A. children B. students C. parents D. tourists （）5. A. no B. none C. many D. much （）6. A. come B. leave C. stay D. play （）7. A. to satisfy B. satisfy C. to satisfying D. satisfying （）8. A. go on B. stop C. continue D. not （）9. A. take B. cost C. spend D. pay （）10. A. play B. work C. watch D. retire 2 One day, a boy had a fight with one of his classmates. Then he went to his 31 and told him his story angrily. “He is really bad,” the boy said, “and I 32 him.” The grandfather said, “33 me tell you a story. When I was a boy, I too, sometimes hated others for what they did. …..” As the boy 34 carefully, the grandfather went on, “There are always two tigers inside my heart. One is 35 and kind. He gets on well 36 everything around him. But 37 is bad and unfriendly. Even the smallest thing will make him angry. He fights with everyone all the time, and for no rea son. He can’t think carefully 38 he always hates others. It is difficult to live with these two tigers inside my heart. They both try to control(控制) me. ” The boy looked into his grandfather’s 39 and asked, “40 tiger always controls you, Grandfa ther?” The old man said slowly and seriously, “The one that I feed. I always feed the good and kind tiger, so I never hate others and seldom(很少) get angry now. ” 31. A. mother B. father C. teacher D. grandfather 32. A. love B. hate C. know D. enjoy 33. A. Make B. Help C. Let D. Ask 34. A. saw B. felt C. talked D. listened 35. A. good B. bad C. lazy D. quiet 36. A. at B. on C. with D. about 37. A. other B. others C. another D. the other 38. A. because D. but 39. A. eyes B. ears C. nose D. mouth 40. A. Who B. Which C. Where D. When 3
School of chemical engineering and pharmaceutical test tubes 试管test tube holder试管夹test tube brush 试管刷test tube rack试管架 beaker烧杯stirring搅拌棒thermometer温度计boiling flask长颈烧瓶Florence flask平底烧瓶 flask,round bottom,two-neck boiling flask,three-neck conical flask锥形瓶wide-mouth bottle广口瓶graduated cylinder量筒gas measuring tube气体检测管volumetric flask容量瓶transfer pipette移液管Geiser burette(stopcock)酸式滴定管funnel漏斗Mohr burette(with pinchcock)碱式滴定管 watch glass表面皿evaporating dish蒸发皿ground joint磨口连接Petri dish有盖培养皿 desiccators干燥皿 long-stem funnel长颈漏斗filter funnel过滤漏斗 Büchner funnel瓷漏斗separatory funnel分液漏斗 Hirsh funnel赫尔什漏斗filter flask 吸滤瓶Thiele melting point tube蒂勒熔点管 plastic squeez e bottle塑料洗瓶 medicine dropper药用滴管rubber pipette bulb 吸球microspatula微型压舌板pipet吸量管mortar and pestle研体及研钵filter paper滤纸Bunsen burner煤气灯burette stand滴定管架support ring支撑环 ring stand环架distilling head蒸馏头 side-arm distillation flask侧臂蒸馏烧瓶air condenser空气冷凝器centrifuge tube离心管 fractionating column精(分)馏管 Graham condenser蛇形冷凝器 crucible坩埚crucible tongs坩埚钳beaker tong烧杯钳economy extension clamp经济扩展夹extension clamp牵引夹utility clamp铁试管夹hose clamp软管夹 burette clamp pinchcock;pinch clamp弹簧夹 screw clamp 螺丝钳 ring clamp 环形夹goggles护目镜stopcock活塞wire gauze铁丝网analytical balance分析天平 分析化学 absolute error绝对误差accuracy准确度assay化验analyte(被)分析物calibration校准constituent成分coefficient of variation变异系数confidence level置信水平detection limit检出限determination测定estimation 估算 equivalent point等当点gross error总误差impurity杂质indicator指示剂interference干扰internal standard内标 level of significance显著性水平 limit of quantitation定量限masking掩蔽matrix基体precision精确度 primary standard原始标准物purity纯度qualitative analysis定性分析 quantitative analysis定量分析random error偶然误差reagent试剂 relative error相对误差robustness耐用性sample样品relative standard deviation相对标准偏差 selectivity选择性sensitivity灵敏度specificity专属性titration滴定significant figure有效数字solubility product溶度积 1