中考英语语法讲解资料及练习目录
第1讲：名词 2
第2讲：代词 3
第3讲：形容词 5
第4讲：副词 6
第5讲：动词8
第6讲：不定式9
第7讲介词10
第8讲：连词11
第9讲：时态一12
第10讲：时态(二) 14
第11讲：动词语态15
第12讲：句子种类（一）16
第13讲：句子的种类(二) 17
第14讲：宾语从句18
第15讲：状语从句19
第16讲：定语从句20
第17讲：There be句型与中考试题21
第18讲：被动语态复习ABC 24
第19讲：主谓一致26
第20讲：考前指导27
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有志者事竟成破釜沉舟百二秦关终属楚苦心人天不负卧薪尝胆三千越甲可吞吴
第1讲：名词
名词T he Noun (缩写为n) 表示人或事物的名称
名词总的来说分为两大类：专有名词和普通名词。专有名词是表示人、地方、事物、机构等组织名称的名词。普通名词包括个体名词，集体名词，物质名词和抽象名词。其中个体名词和集体名词属于可数名词，物质名词和抽象名词是不可数名词。可数名词有单复数变化，不可数名词没有复数形式。
可数名词复数的变化规则
规则变化：
1.一般情况直接在词尾加s
2. 以s, x, ch, sh, 结尾，复数要加-es；class, box, watch, brush等词
3. 以"辅音字母+y"结尾的词复数要先将-y 变成-i再加-es；story, factory 等
4. 等以-f 或-fe结尾的词一般先将-f或-fe变为-v, 再加-es；knife, wife, life；
5. 以-o结尾的名词，一般来说，无生命的事物名词变复数时加-s，我们学过的有radio,zoo，piano等。有生命的事物名词，变复数时加-es。如：tomato, hero, potato等。
不规则变化
1.改变单数名词中的元音字母，如：child（children）, foot（feet）, tooth（teeth）, mouse（mice）, man （men ）, woman（women ）等词
注意：与man 和woman构成的合成词，其复数形式也是-men 和-women。如：an Englishman，two Englishmen. 但German不是合成词，故复数形式为Germans；
2.单复数同形：. deer，sheep，people，police，cattle ，（English，French，Chinese等名词表示国民）
3.其他变化形式：如：mouse变成mice（老鼠）
注意：1. maths，politics，physics等学科名词,虽然以-s结尾，仍为不可数名词。还有theUnited States(美国），the United Nations（联合国）等应视为单数。
2. 名词有时也可以作定语的。它作定语时一般用单数，但也有以下例外。
a. man, woman等作定语时，它的单复数以其所修饰的名词的单复数而定。如：men workers，women teachers。
b. 数词+名词作定语时，这个名词一般保留单数形式,中间加连字符。如：a ten-mile walk十里路，two-hundred trees 两百棵树。
名词所有格：
表示“……的”通常是在名词的后面加-s，如：Children's day，father's shoes。但以-s结尾的名词因为已经有s了，只需加' 就OK了。如果两个名词并列，并且分别有's，.则表示“分别有”。.如：John's and Mary's room（约翰和玛丽各有一间，共两间）；两个名词并列，只有一个's，则表示"共有"。如：John and Mary's room（约翰和玛丽共有一间）。
还有些无生命名词的所属要用介词of来帮助一下，如：a map of China，the end of this term。
练习：
1. All the _____teachers and______students are having a meeting there.
A. women …girls
B. women…girl
C. woman…girls
D. woman…girl
2. Mr Black is a friend of _________.
A. Jack's aunt's
B. Jack's aunt
C. Jack aunt's
D. aunt's of Jack
3. This toy was made by a ____ boy.
A. ten-year-old
B. ten-years-old
C. ten-year-older
D.ten-years-older
4. The farmer raised ten _________.
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有志者事竟成破釜沉舟百二秦关终属楚苦心人天不负卧薪尝胆三千越甲可吞吴
A. sheeps
B. deers
C. horse
D. cows
5. She looked at us sadly with her eyes as large as_________.
A. her grandmother
B. her grandmother's
C. her grandmothers'
D. that of her grandmother
6. We have moved into a ________.
A. two- storey house
B. house of two storey
C. two-storeys house
D. two storeys house
7. The ______ was too much for the child to carry.
A. box's steel
B. box of a steel
C. steel box
D. box of the steel
8. We'll give our English teacher a card for _________.
A. the Teacher's Day
B. Teacher's Day
C. a Teacher's Day
D. Teachers' Day
9. Li Ping met an old friend of _______on a train yesterday.
A. he
B. him
C. his
D. her
10. _________are big and bright.
A. The classroom window
B. The window of the classroom
C. The windows of the classroom
D. The classroom's windows
第2讲：代词
代词 The Pronoun (pron) 用来代替名词、形容词或数词。它与名词的作用其实很相似，所担当的句中成分也相差不多。
人称代词：代替人或事物，主格作主语，宾客作宾语
I am a teacher .
They are students .
We all like him .
He gave the book to me .
主格I you he She it we you they
宾格me you him Her it us you them
物主代词：表示所属关系的代词，分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。（形容词性物主代词后一定要接名词，而名词性物主代词后不能跟名词，即：形容词性物主代词+名词=名词性物主代词）My book is there.
Her father is a worker.
This bike is yours, ours is broken .
形容词性my your his her its our your their
名词词性mine yours his hers its ours yours theirs
反身代词：起强调作用，只作同位语和宾语
We ourselves did the work.
He did the work by himself.
单数myself yourself himself herself itself
复数ourselves yourselves themselves
相互代词：表示相互关系，宾格作宾语，所有格作定语
We should help each other.
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有志者事竟成破釜沉舟百二秦关终属楚苦心人天不负卧薪尝胆三千越甲可吞吴
Please correct each other’s mistakes .
each other(两者相互) each other’s(相互的)
one another(三者或三者以上) one another’s(相互的)
指示代词：起指示作用，作定语、主语、宾语、表语等
This, that, these, those, it, such,
例如：Take this book to his room.
不定代词代替或修饰任何不定数量及不定范围的人或事物some, any, no, none, many, few, little, all, both, every, one, either, neither, other, a few, a little, another, somebody, nobody, nothing, each I have something to tell you.
例如Neither answer is right.
some, any的用法：我们都知道some用于肯定句中，而any则用于否定句和疑问句中。所以somebody，someone也用于肯定句中，而anybody、anyone则用于否定和疑问句中。
注意：在Would youlike some coffee?（要来点咖啡吗？）这样的肯定疑问句中，说话人认为对方的答案会是肯定的，或期望得到肯定回答时，用some而不用any。
every 和each的用法：every 强调全体的概念，指三个以上的人或物(含三个)，不可单独使用；each 强调个体概念。指两个以上的人或物(含两个)，可单独使用.。Every student in our school works hard.（我们学校的学生都很用功。）Each student may have one book.. （每个学生都可有一本书。）both, either, neither的用法：
both意为“两者全都”，与复数连用。either意为“两者中间的任何一个”，neither 表示“两者之间一个也不是”，与单数连用。如：Both of the them come from London。他们两人都是伦敦人。You may take either with you。两个中间你随便带哪个都行。Neither is correct。两个都不对。
Few，a few和little，a little的用法：
Few，a few用来代替和修饰可数名词，little，a little用来代替和修饰不可数名词;a few和a little 着重肯定意思，相当于汉语“有几个”，“有一点儿”；few和little 着重否定意思，相当于汉语“没有几个”，“没有多少”
疑问代词：表示疑问，构成特殊问句who, what, whose, which, whom
例如： What did you see ?
关系代词：引导定语从句 which, that, who, whom, whose
例如：The book that I lost was new.
连接代词：引导名词性从句(主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句) what, who, that
例如：I know what you are doing .
Th at’s what I hope .
练习：
1. We had plenty of paper but______ink.
A. a few
B. few
C. not many
D. not much
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有志者事竟成破釜沉舟百二秦关终属楚苦心人天不负卧薪尝胆三千越甲可吞吴
2. Learning a foreign language is especially difficult for those who have have never learned ______before.
A. one
B. it
C. them
D. that
3. We're very busy because we've so ______books to read and so _______homework to do every day.
A. much ... many
B. many ... much
C. many ... a lot
D. a lot ... much
4. I thought ______of the matter but still couldn't find out the reason.
A. every
B. both
C. nothing
D. everything
5. My car is not so expensive as ________.
A. him
B. he's
C. he
D. his
6. Lily and Lucy have arrived，but _______students aren't here yet.
A. other
B. others
C. the other
D. the others
7. There are high buildings on ______side of the street.
A. both
B. every
C. any
D.either
8. －What do you usually have for breakfast?
－______eggs and ______milk.
A Little ... a few B. A little ... a little
C. A few ... a little
D. A few ... a few
9. ______ is difficult in the world if you put your heart into it.
A. Something
B. Anything
C. Nothing
D. Everything
10. Is this story the same as ______in that book?
A. the one
B. what
C. that
D. it
第3讲：形容词
形容词：The Adjective (adj) 用以修饰名词，表示人或事物的特征long, empty, heavy, different, cheap, hungry
1.形容词的构成。
○1 简单形容词由一个单词构成。Good, long, green, large, bright, interesting, surprised, learned, developing, sleeping .
○2 复合形容词由一个以上的词构成。20-minute, second-hand, 500-word, 8-year-old, three-legged, round-trip, part-time, good-looking.
2.形容词的用法。
○1 修饰名词作定语。She is a beautiful girl .
○2 作表语。He is very strong.
○3 作宾语补足语。Let the door open. You must keep your classroom clean .
○4 “定冠词+形容词”表示一类人或物，在句子中可作主语或宾语。We should speak to the old politely. ○5 大多数形容词既可作表语又可作定语，但少数形容词只能作表语，不能作定语。如：asleep, ill, awake 等
○6 有些形容词只能作定语而不能作表语。如：many, little, wooden, golden 等。
3.形容词的位置。
○1 形容词通常放在它所修饰的名词的前面。A heavy box.
○2 与表示度量的词连用，形容词要放在它所修饰词语的后面。3 metres long. 12 kilometers away .
○3修饰不定代词something, anything, everything, nothing 等时，放在这些词之后。Something important . nothing serious .
○4 当名词前有多个形容词修饰时，一般按下面的词序排列：冠词(包括物主代词、序数词、基数词)-描述形容词(brave, beautiful)-表示形状(大小、长短、高矮)的形容词-表示年龄或新旧的形容词-表示颜
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有志者事竟成破釜沉舟百二秦关终属楚苦心人天不负卧薪尝胆三千越甲可吞吴
色的形容词-表示国籍、出处或来源的形容词-表示材料、物质的形容词-表示用途或类别的形容词-被修饰的词。My nice small brown leather bag . those large round black wooden tables .
4.形容词的比较级和最高级。(一般加er / est ，不规则见表)
(1):比较级的用法：
A.：A + 动词+ 形容词的比较级+ than + B . (A 比B 更… ，在这种句型中，比较级前面可用much, even, still, a little, a bit, a lot, any, far 等修饰，表示“…得多”，“甚至…”，“更…”，“…一点儿”。
B.：“比较级+ and + 比较级”、“more and more + 部分双音节或多音节的原级” 译为“越来越…”。
(2):最高级的用法：(个体用-of ，范围用-in，最高级前面要用定冠词-the)
三种最高级表示法：
最高级：Shanghai is the largest city in China .
比较级：Shanghai is larger than any other city in China . / Shanghai is larger than the other cities in China . 原级：No other city is as large as Shanghai in China . / No other city is larger than Shanghai in China . meat is 18 yuan a kilo.
(3):原级的用法：“……和……相同”
A. 肯定句：A + 动词+ as + 形容词原级+ as + B . He is as tall as me .
B. 否定句：A… + not as +形容词原级+ as + B (即A 不如B 那么…)
A… + not so +形容词原级+ as + B = A…+ less + 形容词原级+than + B .
练习：
1. Tony is going camping with ___ boys.
A. little two other
B. two little other
C. two other little
D. little other two
2. Which is the _______country, Japan or Australia?
A. more developed
B. more developing
C. most developed
D. most developing
3. －How was your recent visit to Qingdao?
－It was great.We visited some friends，and spent the ___days at the seaside.
A. few last sunny
B. last few sunny
C. last sunny few
D. few sunny last
4. The books are not ________ to be published.
A. enough intersting
B. interesting enough
C. so interesting
D. too interesting
5.What's your _______sports?
A. the most favorite
B. most favorite
C. favorite
D. the favorite
6.There's ________ with the recorder
A. anything wrong
B. wrong anything
C. something wrong
D.wrong something
7. His sister is _______than he .
A. younger five years
B. five years younger
C. five year younge
D. five younger years
8.－We should speak English in and after class.
－Yes, _____, ________.
A. more , better
B. the more, the bette
C. much, better
D. the often, the better
9. The old man lives alone, he feels ________.
A. alone
B. lonely
C. lone
D. alonely
10. I think bananas are ________of all the fruits.
A. delicious
B. much delicious
C. more delicious
D. the most delicious
第4讲：副词
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有志者事竟成破釜沉舟百二秦关终属楚苦心人天不负卧薪尝胆三千越甲可吞吴
副词：The Adverb (adv) 修饰动词、形容词或其他副词Quickly, early, out, soon, then, sometimes 学完了形容词，副词讲解起来会更容易一些。一般认为形容词+ly就变成了副词，如形容词quick 加上-ly变成副词quickly。但是象friendly , lovely 虽然以ly 结尾，但实则是形容词，She is friendly to me (她对我很友好。)
副词可修饰动词、形容词和副词，这些用法相信大家已经掌握。那我们挑选一下易混、易用错的来详细讲解一下。
already 和yet ：
Where is Tom? He hasn't come yet. But Jack is already here . 这句话中又是already，又有yet，是怎么回事吗？原来already和yet意思虽然相同，但用法有点小区别。表示事情早已发生或提前发生用already，一般放于句中，用于肯定句和疑问句。含有already的肯定句，变为否定句时，要将already 变为yet，且放在句尾。yet表示预料要发生的事未发生，位于句尾，一般用于否定句和疑问句中。
还迷糊吗？再迷糊，只好再看一看上面的例句喽。
hard 和hardly：
hard，hardly 两者虽然只有-ly之差，意义却大不相同。hard表示"辛苦，使劲，努力，"如：He works very hard.(他学习非常努力。) 而hardly为否定副词，表示"几乎不"。如：The box is so heavy that he could hardly carry it .（这箱子是那么沉，他几乎搬不动。）
ago 和before：
ago 不能单独使用，应与three days (months , weeks)等连用, 而且和动词的过去时连用。如：I met my neighbour an hour ago. Before 之前有"一段时间"时，指"距这段时间以前"，和过去完成时连用。如：He said he had finished the work two days before.（他说他两天前已完成了工作。）如果before单独使用，是泛指"以前"，常常和完成时连用。如：I have seen the film before.（我以前没看过这部电影。）
farther 和further:
far 有两种比较级，farther，further. 在英语中两者都可指距离。如：He runs farther than she does.（他比她跑得远。）在美语中，farther 表示距离，further表示进一步。如：I have nothing further to say.（我没什么要说的了。）
至于副词的比较级和最高级问题，参照形容词的就OK了。
练习：
1. The teacher was very angry and decided to send ______school, so he wasn't a student any longer.
A. away him from
B. him away from the
C. away him out of
D. him away from
2. _______, he didn't fail in the English exam.
A. Luck
B. Lucky
C. Luckily
D. Luckly
3.－Are you feeling ____?
－Yes，I'm fine now.
A. any well
B.any better
C.quite good
D.quite better
4. The more we looked at the picture, _________.
A. the less we liked it
B. we like it less
C. better we like it
D. it looked better
5. After the new machine was introduced，the factory produced ___ shoes in 1988 as the year before.
A. as twice many
B. as many twice
C. twice as many
D. twice many as
6. Our English needs to be______improved.
A. farther
B. farthest
C. further
D. far
7. What a pity! Lucy ran _______ more slowly than Lily.
A. a few
B. much
C. a little
D. little
8. He is running _______now.
A. more slowly and more slowly
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有志者事竟成破釜沉舟百二秦关终属楚苦心人天不负卧薪尝胆三千越甲可吞吴
B. slowlier and slowlier
C. more and more slowly
D. slowly and slowly
9. Last night my father went back _________later than before.
A. quite
B. very
C. even
D. much more
10.The sick man was too thin to go any _______.
A. far
B. farther
C. further
D. farthest
第5讲：动词
动词The Verb (v) 表示动作或状态Hear, write, swim, eat, borrow, sing
动词主要分为四类：
1. 系动词：大概是最简单的动词了。你只需注意的是系动词除了be的形式之外，还有become，get，grow，turn，sound，look，smell，taste等，它们不能单独作谓语,必须和作表语的词语(如形容词, 名词等) 连用, 所以用的时候，可要小心为是呀！如：It smells delicious.(它闻起来味道很美)。delicious 是形容词，不是副词。
2. 情态动词：首先要记住情态动词后必跟动词原形。must和need几乎是每年的必考题，这里我们重点讲一下。
must的意思是"应当，必须"，侧重于说话者的主观看法，没有时态变化，其否定式是mustn't，在"Must I(we) ...."的疑问句中，须注意的是其否定回答常用needn't。如：Must I go?(我一定要走吗?) No,you needn't.(不，不必。)
need意为"需要"。既可作实义动词，又可作情态动词，因此在用法上需要注意。作实义动词时，need后跟名词，动名词，或不定式。如：I need to go. (我得走了。) 作情态动词时，后跟动词原形。如：You needn't come tomorrow if you are busy. (如果你忙，明天就不必来了。)
3. 实意动词（行为动词）：实意动词可谓家族兴旺，人员众多。我们跑(run)，我们跳(jump)，我们笑(laugh)，这些都得用实意动词来表达。我们一起来看一看一些特殊的词吧。它们在接动名词和不定式时意义有所不同。
感官动词：see,watch, notice,look at,hear,listen to,smell,taste,feel 等+do 表示动作的完整性，真实性；+doing 表示动作的连续性，进行性。如：I saw him work in the garden yesterday. 昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。(强调"我看见了"这个事实) I saw him working in the garden yesterday.（强调"我见他正干活"这个动作）昨天我见他正在花园里干活。
stop：这个词让好多同学大伤了一番脑筋，到底什么时候加to do，什么时候加doing 呢?两者意义又有什么不同呢?看下面两个句子。
When the teacher came in, they stopped to read.
When the teacher came in, they stopped talking.
第一句的意思是"当老师进来时，他们停下来开始读书"。而第二句的意思是"老师进来时，他们停止了说话"。所以stop to do sth表示"停止正在做的事情去干另一件事"。而stop doing表示"中断正在做的某事"。现在明白了吗?
forget，remember，regret 这三个词用法基本相同，只要记住+doing 表示"事情已经做过"，+to do 表示"事情还未做"就可以了。forget to do 忘记要去做某事。(未做)forget doing 忘记做过某事。(已做) 如：The light is still on. He forgot to turn it off. 灯还在亮着，他忘记关了。( 没有做关灯的动作) He forgot turning the light off. 他忘记他已经关了灯了。( 已做过关灯的动作)
4. 助动词(v.aux.) 本身没有词义，不能独立作谓语，只能和主要动词一起构成谓语动词，表示否定、疑问、时态或其他语法形式do, does, did, am, is, are, have, has, had, shall, will, should, would … He doesn’t speak English .
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例如：We are playing football .
He had gone to Beijing .
练习：
1. Wang Lin _______some help. Can you help him?
A. needs
B. want
C. need to
D. ask
2. All of us enjoy _______football very much.
A. play
B. playing
C. played
D. to play
3. ---- The light in the classroom is still on.
---- Oh，I forgot___.
A. turning it off
B. turn it off
C. to turn it off
D. having turned it off
4. I regret ___ the window.
A. to do
B. to be doing
C. to have done
D. having broken
5. His grandparents saw her ___ up from childhood.
A. grow
B. grew
C. was growing
D. to grow
6. ---What's this in English?
---Sorry, I can't _____it in English.
A. tell
B. say
C. speak
D. talk
7. --- _____I finish my homwork today?
---No, you needn't.
A. Can
B. May
C. Must
D. Need
8. In Spring , the days ______longer and longer, the trees _______green.
A. get, turn
B. gets, turns
C. got, turned
D. have got, have turned
9. When the traffic lights are red, you ________stop.
A. can
B. must
C. won't
D. needn't
10. When the teacher came into the classroom, I ________to my deskmate.
A. stopped to talk
B. stopped talking
C. stop to talk
D. stop talking
第6讲：不定式
不定式的构成非常简单是to+动词原形。当然to有时也可以不带。动词不定式没有人称和数的变化，可以担当除谓语外的任何句子成分。那什么时候可以不带to呢?
不定式省to有四种情况：
使役动词let,have,make 等后接不定式。如：Let him go! 让他走!
would rather，had better后。如：You had better stay at home.你最好呆在家里。
Why... / why not...后。如：Why not have a good rest on Sunday? 为什么星期天不好好休息一下呢?
感官动词see, watch, look at, hear, listen to, smell,feel, find 等后作宾补，省to。如：I saw him dance. 我看见他跳舞。
注意：这些情况在被动句中可千万不可省to 如：The boss made them work the whole night. 变成被动句：They were made to work the whole night.
不定式的特殊用法：
It与不定式：动词不定式可以做主语，但如果动词不定式太长，显得头重脚轻的，那么我们就可用形式主语it代替，而把真正主语(即不定式)放于句尾。
如: It is not difficult for me to study English well.(对我来说学好英语是可能的。)
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有志者事竟成破釜沉舟百二秦关终属楚苦心人天不负卧薪尝胆三千越甲可吞吴
不定式还可以充当句子的宾语，但有些动词，如find，think，believe 等，在语法上不能接受不定式作宾语，只有用it作形式宾语，从而把动词不定式置于句尾。这样的不定式可继续充当其宾语的作用。
如: I found it difficult to fall asleep.我发现很难入睡。
还有一点：动词不定式，还可用在how，when，where，what，which 等疑问代词或副词之后，与其共同作宾语。如：I don't know how to use a computer.我不知道怎样使用电脑。Remember?
too...to...和enough...to：too...to表达"太 ... 一致于不能..."。
enough ... to 表达"足以..."。这两个词组的用法用两个例子就可以说清楚了。
The box is too heavy for me to lift.这个箱子太沉了，我提不动。
He is old enough to go to school.他到上学的年龄了。也就是说，他的年龄足够上学了。
练习：
1. Tell him ___ the window.
A. to close not
B. not to close
C. to not close
D. not close
2. Paul doesn't have to be made ___. He always works hard.
A. learn
B. to learn
C. learned
D. learning
3. You'd better _______the story in Japanese.
A. say
B. speak
C. tell
D. talk
4. The patient was warned ___ oily food after the operation.
A. to eat not
B. eating not
C. not to eat
D. not eating
5. ---- I usually go there by train.
---- Why not ___ by boat for a change?
A. to try going
B. trying to go
C. to try and go
D. try going
6. There are some books on the floor, would you like ________?
A. to pick them up
B. to pick up them
C. pick it up
D. pick up it
7. She is very ill, let's _______a doctor at once.
A. to wake up
B. send for
C. to pay for
D. pay for
8. I want ________a teacher when I grow up.
A. to be
B. to
C. be
D. being
9. It's cold here. You'd better ______ your coat.
A. not take out
B. not to take down
C. not take off
D. not to take away
10. My mother told me ________more water.
A. drinking
B. drank
C. to drink
D. drink
第7讲：介词
介词是一种虚词，它在句中的作用却非常重要。它用来表明名词与句中其他词的关系，
不能单独使用。常考点包括一些固定搭配和一些近义词。固定搭配如：on one's way home,help...with,send for,be interested in..., be late for, be angry with,be good at等。常用介词解析及用法比较：
at,on和in：这三个介词在试卷中的出现频率极高。对于它们的的分辨只要记住一句话就可以了。at表示点，on表示线，in表示面。什么意思呢？也就是说它们表达的范围逐渐增大。at six o'clock, at noon, at the age of sixteen等用at表示时刻或时间的点以及年龄。on具体到一周中的各天,日期及某特定的一天早上,下午,晚上：on Saturday，on July 1st，on my birthday，on the morning of July 16th，on a spring afternoon。in表达的范围更大一些。与世纪、年代、季节、月份以及早上、上午、晚上等
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连用。如：in the seventh century，in 1950's ,in 2000, in the morning等。
for,since：for表示多长时间。since后接时间起点,其终点往往为现在，常与完成时连用。牢牢记住哟。
after, in ：这两个介词都可以表示时间"在以后"的意思。其区别是：after 以过去为起点，表示过去一段时间之后，常用于过去时态的句子；in 以现在为起点，表示将来一段时间以后，常用于将来时态的句子。
by，with，in：by表示"以...的方式，方法，手段" 和"乘某种交通工具"；with指"借助于具体的手段或工具"；in 表示"以......方式，用语言，文字等媒介"。
for和of：试比较：It's impossible for me to watch TV after eleven o'clock. It's kind of you to help me. 两句中介词的选择依据其前形容词而定,一般来说,of之前的形容词往往是用于描写人的品质的好坏，人自身的特点，如聪明与否，细心与粗心等；for之前的形容词用于描写事物的特点，如可能性，必然性，难易程度等。
练习：
1. Can you tell the story ______Russian?
A. with
B. in
C. on
D. by
2. Here are some birthday cards ______ our teachers, ______ our best wishes.
A. of, with
B. for, with
C. of, in
D. for, in
3. The visitors _______Japan arrived _____ Beijing station last Tuesday morning .
A. from, at
B. of , to
C. from , to
D. of, on
4. He's badly hurt, we must send _____ a doctor at once.
A. to
B. up
C. on
D. for
5. Do you usually come to school ______ foot or _____- bike?
A. by ... by
B. on... on
C. on ... by
D. by ... on
6. --when was Jim born?
--______July, 18,1978.
A.on
B.at
C. in
D.to
7. WeiFang bought a new pen at a shop _____ her way home.
A. on
B. at
C. in
D. to
8. Don't tell anybody about it. Keep it a secret _______ you and me.
A. among
B. between
C. in
D. with
9. The teacher will be back ______ an hour.
A. in
B. after
C. of
D. at
10. -- How long have you been in Beijing ?
--I've been here _____ 1989.
A. in
B.since
C.on
D.for
第8讲：连词
连词常考到的有以下几个词组：
both ...and：表示"两者都...".注意：当both...and 连接主语时，后面动词一般要用复数。如：Both
Lily and Lucy are right.
not only... but also: "不仅...而且..."。注意：后面动词采用就近原则,与but also后的词保持一致。
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如：Not only my parents but also my brother likes the cat.
either...or:"或者...或者..."。注意谓语动词采用就近原则。如：Either you or I am wrong.
的neither...nor："既不...也不..." 是"either...or" 的否定形式。谓语动词采用就近原则，与nor 后词保持一致。如：Neither you nor he is right.
or的用法：意思为"否则"。如：I must work hard, or I'll fail in the exam.(我必须好好学习，否则我会考不及格了。)
练习：
1. _________ John _______I are policemen.
A. Neither ... nor
B. Either ... or
C. Both ... and
D. Not only... but also
2. Mr Smith teaches ______well ______ his lessons are not easily forgotten.
A. very ... that
B. quite ... but
C. so ... as
D. so ... that
3. He didn't go to sleep ______he finished his homework.
A. till
B. before
C. after
D. until
4. I didn't buy the dictionary yesterday ________ my aunt would give me one.
A. until
B. because
C. if
D. before
5. The runner fell _______ he quickly got up and went on running.
A. or
B. and
C. but
D. down
6. Wait for me in the room _______ I come back.
A. until
B. and
C. so
D. or
7. I'll return the books to the library ______ soon as possible.
A. as
B. so
C. just
D. but
8. Go along the road, _______ you'll find the market at the end of it.
A. when
B. and
C. or
D. though
9. You'll be late ______ you don't get up early tomorrow morning.
A. if
B. when
C. before
D. until
10. It was late. She washed her face ______ went to bed.
A. or
B. and
C. so
D. but
第9讲：时态（一）
提起时态，当然是指动词的时态啦。过去、现在和未来等不同时间段发生的事情要用不同的时态来表示。时态是动词的一种形式，表示动作或状态发生或存在的时间和方式。闭上眼睛想一想，初中我们学过的时态有几个? 初中我们共学过八种时态。本讲将这几个时态总体介绍一下: 一般现在时：常与always,often,sometimes, every day连用，表示习惯或经常反复发生的动作或存在的状态。提醒你当第三人称单数做主语时，别忘了动词的变化。注意：象"地球大，月亮小"等客观真理、事实一定用一般现在时。
现在进行时：要注意其构成：由be+动词+ing,表示说话时正在进行的动作。如：We're studying now. 我们现在正在学习。
一般过去时：表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常与yesterday,last year,in 1949,two years ago,等表示过去时间的状语连用。注意：We often went to dance last summer.有的同学一见到often就想到用一般现在时，其实因为后面有表示过去时间的last summer,所以要用过去式，千万别误用了，切记，切记。
过去进行时：显然过去进行时表示过去某一时刻正在做什么，常和特定的时间状语如at that time，at six yesterday，at that moment，when he came in等连用。如：When he knocked at the
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door,his mother was cooking.
一般将来时：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态，常与表示将来时间状语如next year,tomorrow等连用。注意：在Will you ....?问句中，回答必须是Yes,I will.或No,I won't而不能用Yes,I shall. No, I shan't.来回答过去将来时：过去将来时不可以单独使用，它一般在宾语从句中作间接引语，表示从过去某一时间看来将要发生的动作或存在的状态。如：They told me that they would go to work in Guangdong.
现在完成时：顾名思义，现在完成时表示的是已经完成的动作，但动作造成的影响还在，常被just,already,yet 等副词修饰。如：He has already gone to Tianjin. 对现在造成的影响是他已经不在这儿了。现在完成时还可用来表示过去发生的动作一直延续到现在，常带有for或since等表示一段时间的状语。如：Mr Wang has lived here since 1983.表示说话前发生过一次或多次的动作，我们常用"过"来表示，常带有twice, once, ever, never等时间状语。如：I've never seen that film.
过去完成时：我们可以用"过去的过去"来概括过去完成时，表示过去某一时刻或某一动作之前已经完成了的动作，通常与by,before等构成的短语或when, before, after引导的从句连用。
也可表示过去某一时间开始，一直延续到过去另一时间的动作，常和for或since构成的时间状语连用。用法和现在完成时大致相同，只不过又向前推了一个时态。
练习：
1. The zoo _______ in the north of the city.
A. lies
B. builds
C. seems
D. lying
2. --Tom ______out.
--Oh, is he? What time _______ he ______ out?
A. is, did, go
B. went, is, going
C. has gone, did, go
D. is going, does, go
3. --It must be on channel 2. Try that.
--I ______ that. But I still can't get anything.
A. have tried
B. tried
C. try
D. will do
4. They usually ________ TV in the evening.
A. watch
B. will watch
C. are watching
D. watches
5. He has _______ for about twelve years.
A. bought the house
B. left here
C. lived here
D. gone here
6. The two old man ________ each other since 1970.
A. didn't seen
B. don't see
C. haven't see
D. won't see
7. Lucy and Lily can speak good Chinese, because they ______ China for six years.
A. have been in
B. have been to
C. have come to
D. have gone to
8. --Our country ______ a lot so far.
--Yes, I hope it will be even ________.
A. has changed , well
B. changed, good
C. has changed , better
D. changed, better
9. --I saw Ann _______ a green dress at the meeting.
--I think she looks better _______ red.
A. dressed , in
B. put on, wear
C. wearing, in
D. wear, put on
10. --I didn't come to school because my mother was ill yesterday.
--I am sorry ______ that.
A. hearing
B. hear
C. hears
D. to hear
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第10讲：时态(二)
时态的运用比较复杂，好多同学因为做题时不知应用哪种时态而挠头皮。其实你只要把易混的时态掌握好，对你来说时态就没有什么难点可言了。而你易混的时态无非是一般过去时和现在完成时，一般过去时和过去完成时的比较罢了。这有何难?看看下面的分析，你会发现一切"as easy as A B C"。
一般过去式和现在完成时比较：
一般过去式只是表示事情发生在过去，陈述一个事实，它可以和确定的表示过去的时间状语如：last night, in 1999, three days ago等连用。而现在完成时表示某一完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，强调的是现在的情况，所以它不能和确定的表示过去的时间状语连用。
如：We have seen that film. 我们已看过那部电影。对现在造成的影响是我们对影片已有所了解。We saw the film last night. 昨天晚上我们看了那部电影。只说明昨天晚上看电影这一事实。
注意：有些时间状语，如this morning,tonight, this month 等，既可用于一般过去时，又可用于现在完成时，但所表达的意义有所不同。用于现在完成时表示包括现在在内，而用于一般过去式则与现在无关。如：I have read this book this April.(说话时仍然为四月。) I read this book this April. (说话时四月份已过。)
一般过去式和过去完成时的比较：
一般过去式表示过去时间发生的动作或存在的状态，而过去完成时在过去某一时间或动作之前已完成的动作或状态，即"过去的过去"。当强调过去某一动作发生在某一动作之前时，常用此时态。
如：He had finished his homework before nine o'clock.九点之前他已经完成了作业。实际上，一般现在时和过去完成时常搭配使用。如：When he got home, his daughter had already gone to bed. 当他到家的时候，他的女儿早已去睡觉了。
在带有after和before引导的时间状语从句的复合句中，由于从句的动作和主句的动作发生的先后顺序已经非常明确，所以可以用一般过去时代替过去完成时。如：He called on me soon after he had finished his homework. 他做完作业后不久便来拜访我。也可以说：He called on me soon after he finished his homework.
练习：
1. Zhao Lan ____ already ___ in this school for two years.
A. was...studying
B. will ... study
C. has ...studied
D. are studying
2. They usually _____ TV in the evening.
A. watch
B. will watch
C. are watching
D. watches
3. Judy _____ the Great Wall twice, and now she still ______ to go there.
A. went to , wanted
B. goes to , wants
C. has gone , wants
D. has been to, wants
4. She will find him a kind man when she _______ more about him.
A. knows
B. know
C. will know
D. is going to know
5. --What are you going to give our teacher for Teacher's Day?
--I'm not sure. Maybe I _____ him some flowers.
A. have given
B. will give
C. gave
D. give
6. --Tom ______ out.
--Oh, is he? What time _____ he _____ out?
A. is, did, go
B. went, is ,going
C. has gone, did, go
D. is going, does, go
7. It's nine o'clock now, they ______ an English class.
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A. have
B. are having
C. having
D. will have
8. --" Where is Li Lei?"
--" He _______ his sports shoes in the room. He ______ football with his friends."
A. is putting on , is playing
B. puts on, will play
C. is putting on , will play
D. put on, played
9. Miss Smith with her parents ______ China since _________.
A. have been in , two years ago
B. has gone to, two years
C. have been to, two years
D. has been in, two years ago
10. When I knocked at the door, my mother _______.
A. is cooking
B. cooked
C. was cooking
D. cooks
第11讲：动词语态
和时态一样，语态也是动词的一种形式，用来说明句中主语和谓语的关系。如果动作由主语执行，就可使用主动语态，如果主语不是由主语执行，主语是动作的承受者，则可使用被动语态。由此我们可以看出英语动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。
被动语态：表示主语是动作的承受者，什么事情被主语做。被动语态的构成和形式被动语态由"助动词be+及物动词的过去分词"构成，一定要记住是及物动词。助动词必须与主语的人称和数一致，注意要与我们前一讲学过的八个时态配合使用。
适合被动语态的情况：
1. 不知道动作由谁发出，或由于某种原因没有必要说明谁发出动作。如：This table is made of wood.
2. 需要突出或强调动作的承受者时，如：This park was built for children.
注意：(1)：主动句中的主语如果是people，they，somebody等含糊的表示"人或人们"，没有确指执行者是谁，为被动句时，通常省略"by+执行者"。如：The door was opened secretly. But nobody came in. （2）：在主动句里,不定式在make，see，hear等动词后面作宾语补足语时都不带to，但变成被动句时，后面的不定式都需带to。如：He was made to do that work.
主动语态不能变被动语态的情况：
学了被动语态，别以为主动句和被动句可以随意转换，千万要注意呀！有些主动语态不能转换成被动语态。
（1）：当宾语是反身代词时, 如：You should take care of yourself.
（2）：当谓语是表状态的而不是表具体动作的及物动词时，如：Does the skirt suit you?
练习：
1. The stars _______ in the daytime.
A. can't see
B. can't be seen
C. can't been see
D. see
2. A present _______ to me by Mother next week.
A. will give
B. is given
C. will be give
D. will be given
3. The Communist Party of China _______ in Shanghai in 1921.
A. was found
B. found
C. was founded
D. founded
4. Great changes _______ in my hometown since liberation.
A. have been taken place
B. took place
C. have taken place
D. were taken place
5. I was astonished (吃惊) to hear that the colour TV set _______ 5,000 yuan.
A. has cost
B. cost
C. costed
D. was cost
6. He was seen _________ something from the shop.
A. steel
B. to steal
C. to be stolen
D. stealed
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有志者事竟成破釜沉舟百二秦关终属楚苦心人天不负卧薪尝胆三千越甲可吞吴
7. She has _________ by her classmates.
A. laughed
B. laughed at
C. been laughed
D. been laughed at
8. The computer ________ in the room.
A. can use
B. can be use
C. can be used
D. can used
9. That clock ______ Big Ben.
A. call
B. calling
C. is called
D. calls
10. The film _______ again sometimes next week.
A. shows
B. will shows
C. will be showed
D. shows
第12讲：句子种类（一）
我们都知道，根据句子的使用目的，句子可分为陈述句，疑问句，祈使句，感叹句。疑问句是常考的重点，也是要掌握的难点，这里我们先重点讲一下.
疑问句中我们只讲一讲难掌握的反意疑问句和特殊疑问句.
反意疑问句: 在陈述句之后附上一个简短问句，对陈述句所叙述的事实提出相反的疑问,这种疑问句叫做反意疑问句. 如前面陈述句部分是肯定式，后面问句部分一般用是否定式；如前一部分是否定式，后一部分一般用肯定式.前后两部分在人称，数及时态上通常保持一致. 如：You are a student，aren't you?(你是学生，对吗?)
注意：（！）：在祈使句后面用反意疑问句，要注意人称的变化。如：Go to the cinema，will you? （2）：在省略的感叹句后面，要注意主语的单复数。如：What fine weather，isn't it?
（3）：陈述句部分的主语如是I，疑问部分要用aren't I.如: I'm as tall as your sister，aren't I? （4）：陈述部分用never，hardly，few，nothing,nobody,few,seldom,hardly,little等否定含义的词时，疑问部分用肯定含义. 如: He seldom came here,did he?
（5）：陈述句部分的谓语是used to时，疑问部分用didn't+主语或usedn't +主语.如: He used to go to school at seven, didn't he? / usedn't he?
（6）：陈述部分有had better + v. 疑问句部分用hadn't you?如: You'd better read it by yourself, hadn't you?
（7）：陈述部分有You'd like to +v.疑问部分用wouldn't+主语. 如：You'd like to go with me, wouldn't you? （8）：主语是everyone，someone，anyone，no one等不定代词时，多用they 指代.如：Everyone is here，aren't they?(所有的人都来了吗?)
（9）：主语是everything，something，anthing，nothing时，用it 指代。省去主语的祈使句的反意疑问句，疑问部分用will you。如: Don't do that again, will you? 注意Let's 开头的祈使句，后用shall we? Let us 开头的祈使句，后用will you?
（10）：陈述部分是"there be"结构的，疑问部分用there省略主语代词。如: There is something wrong with your watch, isn't there?
特殊疑问句: 注意疑问词how many how much , how often , how old, how long, what, what time, what day , what colour, which , when , who, whose等疑问词的用法。
练习：
1. Don't forget to give the baby some food ,______?
A. will you?
B. shall we
C. won't you
D. do you
2. You have met before, _______?
A. haven't you
B. have you
C. do you
D. don't you
3. She has never read the book before, _______?
A. has she
B. hasn't she
C. is she
D. isn't she
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有志者事竟成破釜沉舟百二秦关终属楚苦心人天不负卧薪尝胆三千越甲可吞吴
4. Mike has to finish her work now, _______?
A. has he
B. hasn't he
C. does he
D. doesn't he
5. --"Don't smoke in the dining-hall, will you?"
-- "_________."
A. Yes, I agree
B. Yes, of course,
C. Yes, I don't think so
D. What's wrong
6. --______ did you stay in Urumqi last summer?
--For two weeks.
A. How often
B. How
C. How long
D. How many times
7. He nearly hurt himself in the accident, _______?
A. doesn't he
B. didn't he
C. did he
D. does he
8. --_______ will your aunt be back from work?
--In an hour.
A. How soon
B. How often
C. How long
D. What time
9. The old man had to do the farm work himself, ________?
A. did he
B. didn't he
C. had he
D. weren't he
10. --"________ do they have a meeting?"
--"Every two weeks."
A. How long
B. How often
C. When
D. What time
第13讲：句子的种类(二)
本讲主要讲一下感叹句,祈使句,再顺便提一下强调句
感叹句往往由what和how引导。至于what和how的区别则是再好辨别不过了。跟我背一背下面的顺口溜,感叹句你就不再陌生了.
感叹句用法很简单, How和What放句前, How与形、副词类连, What后面名词添.主语谓语不用变,省掉它们也常见. 当然，what 感叹句和how 感叹句有时可以互相转换。当What修饰单数可数名词时，如果这一名词有形容词修饰，也可用how引导感叹句，但不定冠词a或an 需放在形容词之后。如：What a large factory = How large a factory it is!
祈使句: 表达命令，要求或请求的句子，以动词原形开头的，有时在句首或句末加上please
祈使句所需注意的是：含有第二人称的祈使句的否定句用don't.含有第一、第三人称的祈使句的否定句用Let+not+动词原形或Don't let+第三人称代词的宾格或名词。
下面稍微提一下常考的强调句：我们学过的强调句是it引导的句子。记住：强调句的连词只有两个，that和who。当强调的部分是人，且为句子的主语时，才用"who"，其余用"that". 句式是：It is (was) 被强调部分+that(who) + 句子其他部分。此结构强调的成分仅限于主语，宾语和状语。判断一个句子是否是强调句，只需看去掉It be… that是否还是一个完整的句子。
看下面例题：
It is twenty years ___ Miss Feng returned to China. A. that B. when C. since D. as
答案C.本题易误选为A(that). 其实本句不是强调句。若是，去掉It be… that还应是一个完整的句子。而本句去掉"It is...that"，只剩下ten years Miss Feng returned to China.不成句。因此本句不是强调句。
练习：
1. It was yesterday _______ Xiao Ming finished all his homework.
A. that
B. when
C. where
D. at
2. You are not in Grade Two, ________you?
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有志者事竟成破釜沉舟百二秦关终属楚苦心人天不负卧薪尝胆三千越甲可吞吴
A. aren't
B. are
C. do
D. don't
3. She has never read the book before, _______?
A. has she
B. hasn't she
C. is she
D. isn't she
4. --I want to shopping this afternoon. What about you?
___________.
A. So did I
B. So I did
C. So I do
D. So do I
5. It's time for supper now. Let's ______ it.
A. stop to have it
B. stop having
C. to stop to have
D. stopping to have
6. _______ lovely she smiles !
A. How
B. How a
C. What
D. What a
7. Thank you for _____ me with my English.
A. help
B. helped
C. helping
D. helps
8. --Would you please _______ the shoes on the floor?
--I'm sorry. I won't do it again.
A. not throw
B. don't throw
C. not to throw
D. didn't throw
9. Lily has not visited many places of great interests in China. ________.
A. So has her twin sister
B. Neither is her twin sister
C. So her twin sister
D. Neither has her twin sister
10. Don't _______ books again! You must be careful _______ now on.
A. lost, from
B. lose, from
C. lost, since
D. lose, since
第14讲：宾语从句
一个句子如果加上宾语从句，句子显然变复杂了，也变的difficult了，其实，你大可不必发愁。只要掌握好宾语从句的用法，一切问题就迎刃而解了。
宾语从句由关系代词或关系副词引出。我们根据引导宾语从句的连词不同，可把宾语从句分为三类。
（！）：以that引导的宾语从句。如：I hear that you have passed the examination. Good luck! （2）：以if 和whether引导的宾语从句。如：I don't know if you can come tomorrow.
（3）：以连接代词或连接副词引导的宾语从句。如：Please tell me how you can get here.
运用宾语从句要注意以下几点：
（1）：宾语从句的语序一定是陈述句语序。
（2）：主句的谓语动词的时态如果是过去时态，宾语从句谓语动词的时态要选用相应的过去某一种形式。
（3）：如果宾语从句表示的是客观真理，事实时，即使主句是过去式，从句仍用一般现在时。
练习：
1. She asked me if I knew _______.
A. whose pen is it
B. whose pen it was
C. whose pen it is
D. whose pen was it
2. I don't know _______ he still lives here after so many years.
A. whether
B. where
C. what
D. when
3. I don't know ______ he will come tomorrow. _______ he comes, I'll tell you.
A. if, whether
B. whether, whether
C. if, That
D. if, If
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有志者事竟成破釜沉舟百二秦关终属楚苦心人天不负卧薪尝胆三千越甲可吞吴
4. The small children don't know ________.
A. what is their stockings in
B. where is in their stockings
C. where is their stocking in
D. what in their stockings
5. Can you tell me ________?
A. when does the ship leave
B. when the ship will leave
C. when the ship leave
D. when will the ship leave
6. Can you tell me ______?
A. when did he come
B. when he came
C. when did he came
D. he came when
7. Can you tell me ______ the radio ?
A. how did he mend
B. what did he mend
C. how he mended
D. what he mended
8. He asked his father _________.
A. where it happens
B. where did it happen
C. how it happened
D. how did it happen
9. I didn't know what colour_________.
A. is the bag
B.the bag is
C. was the bag
D. the bag was
10. Could you tell me ______ with the money?
A. how to do
B. what should I do
C. how should I do
D. what I should do
第15讲：状语从句
状语从句是句子的状语由一个从句充当，来修饰主句中的动词，形容词或副词等。状语从句都由从属连词引导，与主句连接，放在句末时，一般不在前面加逗号。
状语从句根据它表示的意思可分为时间，原因，条件，比较，结果，目的等类。下面我们拣重点的一个一个来分析。
1. 时间状语从句：是由when, as, while, after, before, since, until, as soon as 等从属连词引导的状语从句。时间状语从句中的谓语动词不能用一般将来时，只能用一般现在时表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态。如:I will call you as soon as I arrive there.
2. 原因状语从句：because, since, as和for都表示原因。常常令我们不知该用哪个好。我们来比较一下。because语势最强，回答why提出的问题，用来说明人所不知的原因。当能够很明显的看出原因或人们已知原因，就用as或since。如：I don't like that coat,because the color looks terrible. 由because 引导的从句如果放在句末，且前面有逗号，则可以用for来代替。但如果不是说明直接原因，而是多种情况加以推断，就只能用for。如：He is not here, because / for his mother is ill.
3. 目的状语从句：表示目的状语的从句可以由in order that, so that,等词引导。如：You must raise your voice so that/in order that everybody can hear you clearly.
4. 结果状语从句：结果状语从句常由so...that 或such...that引导，要掌握和区分这两个句型，首先要了解so和such后面分别跟什么词。such是形容词，修饰名词或名词词组，so是副词,只能修饰形容词或副词。so 还可与表示数量的形容词many, few, much, little连用，形成固定搭配。如：The box is so heavy that I can't carry it.
5. 让步状语从句：是由though, although 引导的状语从句。though, although 和but不能同时使用。
Although it rained, they had a good time.
练习：
1. She will find him a kind man when she _________him.
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有志者事竟成破釜沉舟百二秦关终属楚苦心人天不负卧薪尝胆三千越甲可吞吴
A. knows
B. know
C. will know
D. is going to know
2. We'll go out for a walk as soon as it ________.
A. stops raining
B. raining
C. stop to rain
D. rain
3. The film was _____ interesting _____ everyone wanted to see it again.
A. too, to
B. so, that
C. not ,until
D. very, that
4. We don't understand the passage ______ there is few words in it.
A. and
B. if
C. though
D. because
5. You are sure to pass the exam _______ you study hard.
A. if
B. though
C. that
D. when
6. If you _____ free tomorrow, we won't go for a picnic.
A. aren't
B. won't be
C. weren't
D. don't
7. What was Jim doing _______ the teacher came in?
A. while
B. and
C. when
D. but
8. You must stop ______ the policeman say: "stop!"
A. that
B. if
C. then
D. until
9. --The boy failed to pass the English examination.
--______ he didn't work hard.
A. If
B. Because
C. When
D. So
10. I'll go for a walk with you if it ______ tomorrow?
A. won't rain
B. doesn't rain
C. will rain
D. rain
第16讲：定语从句
定语从句：在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句，被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先
行词，定语从句必须放在先行词之后。引导从句的关系代词有：who(人，主格), whom(人，宾客), whose(人，所有格), which(物), that(人，物)。引导从句的关系副词有：where(地点), when(时间), why(原因)。
The man who lives next to us is a policeman./ You must do everything that I do ./ We will never forget the day when we visited Gaozhou .
只能用that 的情况：
a. 先行词为all, any, few, no, some, much, little等修饰。I have done all the work that he told us to do .
b. 先行词被序数词修饰。That last/first question that he asked me was hard to answer .
c. 先行词同时有人和物。They often talk about things and persons that they remember .
d. 先行词是everything, anything, nothing, none等不定代词。I remembered everything that the teachers taught me before .
e. 先行词被形容词最高级修饰。That is the best book that I have read .
f. 先行词被the very, the only, the same修饰。It is the very book that I am looking for .
g. 先行词是主句的表语或关系代词在定语从句中作表语。China is no longer the country that it used to be .
h. 先行词是指示代词that, one, those, this, another, all等。Is this school the one that I saw in the picture ?
i. 主句以who / which开头，定语从句用that 。who is the girl that spoke to you just now ? / which is
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有志者事竟成破釜沉舟百二秦关终属楚苦心人天不负卧薪尝胆三千越甲可吞吴