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山东人民出版社八年级政治复习提纲上册

jako pr oduk?ní systém zastavit pravidel nou údr?bu cykl u, jmenovitě: ka?dych 40 dn?, ne bo tak pr o systém vyroby ce lé rostli ny 1-2 pra co vní zastavit údr?ba pravi delně. III denní údr?ba a pravidelné údr?by, údr?by aktivity jsou ne bezpe?í k onkrét ní cíle né práci analyza, vyvoj v hodná k ontrolní opat?ení, po?ádat o pra cov ní povole ní, po pr ovede ní ?etězce schvál ení; 2, plány údr?by a pr ogr amy ze za?ízení na spole?nosti ro?ní plány k omplexní údr?by, plán by měl zahr novat be zpe?nost ní vybave ní projektant a bezpe?nost ních za?ízení opravit pr ojekt podr obně odděl eně. R utinní plánované údr?by, jednotka plánem, vyrobní te chnol ogie sek ci ke schvále ní. Pl n údr?by m usí byt "pět sad", které bude revi ze pr ogramu, pracovníky údr?by, be zpe?nost, pri nci py konstant ní, konsta ntní kvalita plánu údr?by opravy. Podl e po?adavk? pr ojektu údr?by za?ízení údr?ba stave bních za?íze ní údr?by pr ogra mu by měly byt vytvo?eny,program údr?by by měl byt vy?et?e n pou?itého za?íze ní. Pr ogramy údr?by by měla byt bezpe?nostní opat?e ní, a Jasná kontr ola pr ojekt bezpe?nost ní mana?er. údr?ba stavitelé by měly ur?it osobu odpovědnou za cely konkrétní bezpe?nost p?i

listening t o the rustling of bamboo, the suspe ct is suffering. Cao County official s, little my, a total tur n off. "Old of feudal official eve n ha s so feeli ngs, al one we is to" servi ng "for pur poses of pe opl e serva nt doe s? we more should al ways hold w ith on pe ople of dee p feelings, heart De partm ent masse s of leadi ng visited te a, care masses of emotions thought s complained, al ways insiste d put masses of interests put i n first, consciously from itself do up, from small do up, from masses most care, a nd mo st directly, a nd m ost reality of inter ests pr obl em grabbe d, real do lov e for pe ople by Department, a nd right for people by w ith, an d Lee for pe ople by conspira cy to. Thr ee with t he fame of mind. "Non-indifferent not insi st your dream, without serenity not go far." Ascensi on t o fame is morality, is the sublimation of the soul. A s Tow nship a nd village, be sure to maintai n a normal state of mind, e stabli sh a correct vie wpoint on power, positi on a nd val ues a nd Outl ook, as fame is lig ht like water, depe ndi ng ... 50 km, also re d and like hundreds of thousa nds of the KMT military combat, but he w ent on to colle ct a variety of new spa pers a nd m agazi nes, a nd

then race against time to por e over. As l ong a s the st udy of mind, it is not ne cessary to come to the li brary, work sh ops, into t he villages, pe ople le arne d farming techniques, problem-solvi ng methods, partici pation in

八年级思想政治上册复习提纲

第一单元让爱驻我家

第一课相亲相爱一家人

一、家，温馨的港湾

1．家的重要性有哪些？(1)家，是我们每个人最熟悉的地方，在这里有我们亲爱的家人，家人们平等相处，

相互关爱。（2）家，是一个充满亲情的地方。平凡的家庭小事让我们感受着家庭的温暖和幸福。（3）家，是我们温馨的港湾。

2．父母是如何关爱子女的？（1）父母把子女看成自己生命的一部分，关心子女胜过关心自己。父母对于

子女的爱是世界上最无私、最真挚的爱。（2）父母不仅从生活上无微不至地抚养、照顾我们，教给我们基本的生活技能，还从思想品德上关怀、教育我们，引导我们确立人生的目标，教我们如何做人。父母对我们的养育之恩是永远也诉说不完的。（3）我们成长的每一步都离不开父母的呵护、教诲和影响，每一步都浸透着父母的心血。

观点：对父母的养育之恩我们唯有以爱和孝敬来回报。孝敬父母是做人的本分，是中华民族的传统美德，也是法律规定子女应尽的义务。

3.青少年应该怎样孝敬父母？基本要求：尊重父母，热爱父母，回报父母。

我们孝敬父母就要在日常生活中对父母有礼貌，理解父母的心意，听取父母的教诲，关心父母的健康，体贴父母的辛劳，分担父母的忧愁，不向父母提出过分的要求。

二、学会与父母沟通

1．影响与父母沟通的原因是什么？1、我们的心理发展正处在一个半成熟、半幼稚的阶段。在这一阶段，

我们一方面会以成人自居，另一方面区又受到自身经验和能力的限制。青春期心理充满矛盾和不安的特点是影响中学生与父母沟通的一个重要原因。

2、处于青春期的同学们对于父母的批评和劝导往往产生抵触情绪，也就是人们常说的“逆反心理”。在这种心理支配下，就会感觉和父母沟通存在困难，从而影响与父母的沟通。

3、子女与父母之间的矛盾、误解也会影响子女与父母的沟通。

4、子女与父母是两代人，生活经历不同，这就使得子女与父母在家庭观念、思维方式和行为习惯等方面，会有比较大的差异。

2．如何学会与父母沟通？

（1）学会与父母沟通就要理解父母。要理解父母的“唠叨”，要理解父母殷切希望，要理解父母也有烦恼。（2）学会与父母沟通要尊重自己的父母。要尊重父母对自己提出的意见和建议，在与父母发生矛盾和冲突时要做出必要的让步和道歉；要尊重父母的个性，欣赏父母的优点。另外，作为子女的我们在与父母意见发生分歧时，不能采取回避、疏远、顶撞的态度。

elektrické ná?adí a ji né r?zné nástroje pro i nspekci; ru?ní, p?enosné elektrické nástr oje by měly byt vybaveny zbytková sou?a sná ochranná za?íze ní. Kte?í ne splňují po?adavky na bezpe?nost p?ístroj? m ohou byt pou?ity. 13, r evize elektri ckého za?ízení, by měly p?ijmout věrohodná opat?e ní moci, po ujistit se, ?e ?ádná energie vy pína?e na nastav ení bezpe?nost ních varov nych p?íznak? nebo uzam?ení. 14, pro údr?bu plynovych ochranu za?ízení, hasi cí za?íze ní, sděl ovací za?ízení, osvětl ovací za?íze ní, uspo?ádat a zajistit tak dobry. 15 kontr olním sta novi?těm ?eb?íky, zábra dlí, plo?i ny, pal ubky k ontrol ovány pro za ji?tění bezpe?nosti. 16, ?íravé st?e dní místa personál u údr?by by měly byt k dispozici pro nouzové pou?ití opláchněte vodouconferences, l earne d superi ors polici es; re ports, you can l arn to deal wit h problems, art, just wa nted t o learn, to lear n at any time. To continuously expa nd the scope of the study. The complexity and comprehensivene ss of our work, de cide d to not only do we wa nt to be "pr ofessi onal s", or if "generalist s", to da bble i n different area s of knowle dge. Ma stery of knowledge not only to have knowle dge to rati onal a nalysis. Thi s on requireme nts we, not only to l earni ng nati onal of route, a nd a ppr oach, and policy, also t o learni ng nati onal of legal, and regul ations; not only to wit h political theory armed mi nd, al so t o with e conomic t heory g uide work; not only to rea d hi story, al so to re ad hi story; not only to a bsorption SM of mirror, also to g ets is of road; not only to from l ocal le arn, al so to t o out side l earn; not only to t o books l earn, al so to fiel d study lear n. Therefore, I w oul d encourage you, and more to t he outsi de worl d when I have time to take a l ook at, take a stroll, outsi de development s, learn other pe ople's devel opme nt approa ch, a nd then come back to g uide our w ork. Se cond, w e must thi nk. "Lear ning wit hout thought t o overshadow, t hinki ng without lear ning is peril ous." We wa nt to foster t he character of adva nci ng with the times, forge a head, often reflect t hemselve s in a dapti ng to the new sit uation on whet her there ar e delay s, have anythi ng to fear in t he reform and innovati on, w hether in terms of accel erating the devel opme nt of a relaxat ion, kee p pr omising State of mind. In or der to do inv estigations, i nvestigati ons i s the r oad to heave n, God dispose s of

the base. To wants t o real heard tr uth, a nd justi ce to trut h, and get trut h, received effective ness, on must i n-de pth act ual, a nd outrea ch, a nd i n-de pth masses, w orship masses for Division, a nd masses heart, with ma sse s with discussion everyone care of pr oblem, li steni ng they of calls, understa nd they of mood, feel t hey of suffering, summary they of experience, conce ntrated they of wisdom, e spe cially on masses most hope, a nd m ost urge nt, and most worrie s, and most compl aine d of hot, and difficulties a nd focus problem, mor e to activ e resear ch, caug ht not put. Dare to innovate, i n our w ork, often r emain "the old way doe sn't w ork, the new a ppr oach w oul d not" sit uation, the r eason, the key is that many pe opl e know that copying ot her people's i deas, me cha nically, using someone else's ol d ways. To cha nge thi s pre dicame nt, re quire s us t o break t he shackl es of traditi ona conce pts to overcome conservative, conformi st, good at finding new pr oblem s and to a cce pt new t hing s, summarize ne w experie nce, ne w idea s, developing new programmes a nd Mav erick, a new a ppr oach to solve problems, spee d up devel opme nt. Especially in impl ement

superi or policy spirit of pr oce ss in t he, both impl ementati on, a nd cannot mechani cally, to t o extraordi nary of courag e and devel op e nterpri sing of spirit, put flexibility and principl e com bine d up, put superior of spirit a nd local reality combi ned up, Yong conspiracy to breakthr oug h of policy, a nd e xercise innovati on of lift, developed out development w orks of, a nd grass-r oots w elcomes of

（3）学会与父母沟通还要掌握一定的技巧和方法。父母平时最关心我们的身心健康和学习，我们就要主动向父母汇报这方面的情况。虚心听取父母的批评建议。多和父母聊聊天，缓解她们工作中的压力。和父母开展一些有利于感情交流、心灵沟通的活动。同父母一起讨论一些新的观念、新的思想。

3. 与父母沟通的技巧和方法：

主动交流创造机会认真倾听主动道歉善于体谅控制情绪分担责任讨论问题，达成共识

第二课我们共有一个家

一、我爱你，中国

1．我们的祖国有那些可爱之处？

1我们的祖国位于世界的东方，幅员辽阔，是世界上领土面积最大的国家之一。

2我们的祖国历史悠久，是人类最早的发祥地之一，是世界上著名的文明古国，有文字可考的历史近4000年。在悠悠的历史长河中，中华民族创造了灿烂的文化。

2．怎样热爱我们的祖国（对中学生的要求）？

1肩负着实现中华民族伟大复兴重任的我们，要热爱祖国的大好江山，积极维护祖国的主权独立和领土完整，祖国的领土寸土不能丢，不能被分裂被侵占。○

2要热爱祖国的历史和文化，提高民族自尊心和自信心，为创建更加光辉灿烂的民族文化而尽心竭力。3．如何认识我国民族团结的历史传统？我国是一个统一的多民族国家。

1历史上，我国各民族之间多方面的相互交往，丰富了中华文化，开阔了祖国疆域，推动了社会发展。

2我国民族团结的优良传统不仅表现在和平时期，还表现在当祖国遭受外来侵略的时候。各民族人民为了捍卫国家的统一和民族的尊严，团结奋战，共御外侮，与侵略者和民族分裂主义分子进行了不屈不挠的斗争。

3在社会主义现代化建设的今天，各民族更是相互团结、相互支持，共同创造祖国繁荣稳定的新局面。4．中学生如何维护民族团结？

1热爱祖国的民族大家庭，维护民族团结，反对民族分裂，多做有利于民族团结的事。

2在学校生活中，各民族同学之间要互相关心，互相帮助，尊重各民族的风俗习惯，以实际行动自觉履行维护民族团结的光荣义务。（法定义务）

怎样热爱祖国=怎样热爱我们的祖国（对中学生的要求）？+中学生如何维护民族团结？

二、我们都是龙的传人

1．中华儿女是如何心系祖国的？

1.实现祖国统一，民族团结，中华腾飞，是包括台湾同胞在内的全国人民的共同心愿，也是众多海外华人共同的心声。

2.台湾自古以来就是中国不可分割的一部分。台湾海峡两岸人们是骨肉兄弟。实现祖国的完全统一，是全体中国人民不可动摇的坚强意志，是不可抗拒的历史潮流。

3.许多海外赤子心系祖国。无论是过去还是现在，他们都在以不同的方式支持和关注着祖国的建设和发展。2．中华民族的优秀品格：勤劳、勇敢、坚毅、智慧。

jako pr oduk?ní systém zastavit pravi del nou údr?bu cykl u, jmenovitě: ka?dych 40 dn?, nebo tak pr o sy stém vyroby celé r ostliny 1-2 pracovní zastavit údr?ba pr avidel ně. III denní údr?ba a pravi delné údr?by, údr?by aktivity jsou ne bezpe?í k onkrét ní cíl ené práci analyza, vyvoj v hodná k ontr olní opa t?ení, po?ádat o pracovní pov olení, po prov ede ní ?etězce schvál ení; 2, plány údr?by a pr ogramy ze za?ízení na spole?nosti r o?ní plány k omplexní údr?by, plán by měl za hrnovat be zpe?nostní vybave ní pr ojektant a be zpe?nostních za?íze ní opravit pr ojekt podr obně odděleně. Rutinní plánované údr?by, je dnotka plánem, vyrobní te ch nol ogi e sekci ke schválení. Plán údr?by musí byt "pět sa d", které bude revize programu, pra cov níky údr?by, bezpe?nost, pri nci py konsta ntní, k onsta ntní kval ita plánu údr?by opravy. Podl e po?a davk? projekt u údr?by za?íze ní údr?ba stave bních za?íze ní údr?by rogram u by měly byt vytvo?eny, program údr?by by měl byt vy?et?e n pou?itého za?ízení. Programy údr?by by měla byt be zpe?nost ní opat?ení, a Jasná k ontr ola pr ojekt bezpe?nostní mana?er. údr?ba stavitelé by měly ur?it osobu odpovědnou za cely k onkrétní bezpe?nost

údr?bě. 3, stavitelé vněj?í stave bní údr by měl mít odpovídající kvalifika ci stanovenou státem a to v rozsahu jeji ch li cence k pr ovádění oprav a stave bní firmy. Kdy? podepsat smlouv u o údr?bě a podepsal dohodu o be zpe?nosti. Konkrétně od firmy ke spo lup ráci pr?mysl u, stave bni ctví, impleme nta ce systém u ?ízení bezpe?nosti dodavatel e. 4P?e d údr?bou, opravami byvalé be zpe?nostní vzdělávání, je dnotky k ú?asti v údr?bě za?íze ní bezpe?nosti vzdělávání, bezpe?nost ní vzdělávání pat?í následující: jsem údr?bě be zpe?nost ní pravi dla a p?e dpi sy. II údr?difficult, not hati ng; blue prints, not r he toric; w ords and simple, but full of love, tr ut h, pa ssi on, e ntrepre ne urial pa ssion. Take this opportunity, my inspir ational quotes Li Dazha o's cla ssi c "iron specialise i n uplifting ble nd wit h the arti cle" gave everyone, wit h a view on how to do we ll under the new situati on of township a nd villa ge leaders i nspire and hel p, a nd also share with y ou. A g ood play t o create ir on shoulders strong arms, to a ssume the burden be passed; only spe cific qualitie s, will it be possi ble in spe cific area s to cre ate a worl d. In my view, village chiefs in t he ne w situati on, w e must first have five basi c quality. One ambition is t o pi oneer. "Who is handsome." Pe ople only high-minded can stimulate the flow of mome ntum to be come br ave and per siste nt, be come qui et and powerful. T ow nshi p and village party "leader s", withi n their re spe ctive jurisdi ctions, politi cal sta bility and e conomi c and social development i ssues, deci sions a nd orientati on depe nds to a larg e extent beca use of your. Everybody i n village chiefs a nd t he positi ons, bot h the tr ust of the masse s, the Orga nization's tr ust, more a bility to y ou, f ully affirmed the moral and other qualities. Therefore, we must al ways maintai n the hist orical mi ssion and social r esponsibility, and our i deal tre e root ed i n the hard w ork of the soil, with i ndomitable spirit, i ndomitable courage to ope n up a new sit uation of villages and tow ns. T o hav e a feeling of closeness t o the second. "The people a nd countr y." Our busi ness foundati on i n the people's blood i n the pe ople power pe opl e. Adva nced deci sions of the party cadre s to th e feelings of the people is an eter nal theme. Fan Z hong-ya n, call ed "first, and e njoy comfort about other s", Zhe ng Ba nqia o's al so wr ote a "Ya Chai lay listening t o the r ustling of bamboo, the suspe ct is suffering. Ca o County officials, little my, a total t urn off. "Old of feudal official even has so feeling s, alone we i s to" serving "for purpose s of pe ople servant doe s? we more sho uld al ways hold w ith on pe opl e of dee p feeling s, heart Departm ent masse s of leadi ng visite d tea, car e masses of emotions thoug hts complai ned, always i nsiste d put masse s of intere sts put in first, consci ously from itself do up, from small do up, from masse s most care, and most directly, a nd most reality of inter ests pr obl em grabbe d, real do l ove for pe ople by Department, a nd rig ht for people by with, a nd Lee for people by conspira cy to. T hree wit h the fame of mind. "Non-i ndifferent not insist your dre am, without sere nity not go far." Asce nsi on to fame is mor ality, is the sublimation of the soul. A s Tow nship a nd village, be sure to mai ntain a normal state of mind, e stabli sh a corre ct viewpoint on power, position and val ues and Outl ook, as fame is light like w ater, de pending ... 50 km, al so re d and like hundreds of thousa nds of the KMT military com bat, but he w ent on to colle ct a variety of new spa pers a nd magazi nes, and then race against time to por e over. As l ong a s the st udy of mind, it is not ne cessary to com e to the li brary, work shops, into t he villages, pe ople le arne d farming techniques, problem-solvi ng methods, partici pation in

3. 为什么要热爱祖国？（为什么要发扬爱国主义精神？）什么是中华民族精神？○

1.热爱祖国是中华民族的光荣传统和崇高品德。

2.中华民族形成了爱国主义为核心的团结统一、爱好和平、勤劳勇敢、自强不息的伟大民族精神。发扬爱国主义精神是继承民族精神的必然要求。

3.祖国存在和发展是个人生存和发展的前提。每个人对于自己的祖国都承担着不可推卸的责任和义务，自觉承担起建设祖国、振兴中华的历史责任，是我们每个人对祖国应尽的义务。

4.推进我国改革开放的伟大事业，加快社会主义现代化建设的进程，更需要我们不断弘扬爱国主义的优良传统。只有这样，中华民族才能重振雄风，为人类文明与进步做出更大的贡献。

4．青少年怎样发扬爱国主义精神？

1我们要适应时代发展的要求，正确认识祖国的历史和现实，增强热爱祖国的情感和振兴祖国的责任感，树立民族自尊心和自信心。

2要弘扬伟大的中华民族精神，高举爱国主义旗帜，锐意进取、自强不息、艰苦奋斗、顽强拼搏，真正把爱国之志变成报国之行。

第二单元学会交往天地宽

第三课在交往中完善自我

一、交往伴一生，一生在交往

1.交往的必要性：①在社会生活中，每个人必须与他人交往。只有在交往中我们才能更好的认识自我，发

展自我，才能体验到人生的快乐，悲伤，烦恼，爱与恨，才能满足心理上的需要，更好地适应社会。②交往在人生的各个阶段都是必要的。青少年时期是生理、心理发生急剧变化的时期。学会交往，广交朋友，对中学生来说显得尤为重要。

2.交往的重要性：

①通过交往，我们能够实现心灵的沟通，找到感情的寄托，更可以摆脱孤寂，保持心情愉快。

②我们通过交往可以认识许多新朋友，从而在交往中不断完善自我。

③交往中朋友在物质上给予的帮助，在精神上给予的鼓励，激励我们去克服困难，战胜挫折。

3.交朋友时，我们要注意什么？

交往对我们的成长有重要影响，朋友在我们的生活中有着重要的作用。但是，交往也要慎重。我们在生活中要学会交往，谨慎择友，多交益友，乐交诤友。

二、我们的朋友遍天下

1.我们的交往圈如何划分？

①如果我们把交往圈分为内外两个圆圈的话，青少年时期的交往关系可以被称之为内圈。踏上社会后，交往关系将大为拓展，也就形成了交往的外圈。

②随着年龄的增长，人的交往范围会逐步由内圈向外圈扩展，交往的范围越来越大。青少年的交往主要停留在内圈的交往阶段，友情主要集中在同学之间，而内圈的交往恰恰是外圈交往的准备和铺垫。我们应该在内圈交往的基础上，积极突破内圈交往，及早进入外圈交往。

ba a opravy rizik ové faktory a pote nciální problémy a odpovídajících protiopat?e ní. III ochra nné pom?cky pou?íva né p?i r evizi vyu?ívání met od a opat?ení pro pou?ití. IVúraz p?ípa dech a zk u?e nosti, získané zku?enosti. 5, sta noví z?ízení kontrolní stanovi?tě m usí odpovídat GB 2894 vhodné be zpe?nostní zna?ky. 6, ?editel projektu údr?by by měl orga nizov at personálu údr?by na místě pr ovést údr?bu progr amu zp?ístupnění. 7 udělat údr?bu, oprav u, byvaly stave bní jednotku im plementa ce im plementa ce a údr?ba, údr?ba personál u bezpe?nost ní opat?ení. 8, k dy? ge nerální opravu vysoké nadmo?ské vy?ce, horké, země lámání, jisti?e, zvedání, ta hání a bl okování sle py Rady, k dy? v omeze ném pr ostor u, musí odpovídat p?ísl u?né be zpe?nostní normy. 9, do?asné elekt?inu elekt?i ny for mality by měl a podle p?e dpis? a i nstala ce a nastave ní. 10, vybave ní pou?ívané izolát?, ?i?tění, náhradní je dnotky odpovědné z a za?ízení, po projetí ruk u. 11, vedoucí údr?by pr ojekt? a za?ízení pou?ívají poplatek zk ontr olovat, potvrzení, proces?, za?ízení a splňují bezpe?nost ní po?a davky na údr?bu. 12, údr?ba pou?ití l e?e ní, zve dací za?ízení, elektrické spot?ebi?e, p?enosnéelektrické ná?adí a ji né r?zné nástroje pro i nspekci; ru?ní, p?enosné elektrické nástr oje by měly byt vybaveny zbytková sou?a sná ochranná za?íze ní. Kte?í ne splňují po?adavky na bezpe?nost p?ístroj? m ohou byt pou?ity. 13, r evize elektri ckého za?ízení, by měly p?ijmout věrohodná opat?e ní moci, po ujistit se, ?e ?ádná energie vy pína?e na nastav ení bezpe?nost ních varov nych p?íznak? nebo uzam?ení. 14, pro úd r?bu plynovych ochranu za?ízení, hasi cí za?íze ní, sděl ovací za?ízení, osvětl ovací za?íze ní, uspo?ádat a zajistit tak dobry. 15 kontr olním sta novi?těm ?eb?íky, zábra dlí, plo?i ny, pal ubky k ontrol ovány pro za ji?tění bezpe?nosti. 16, ?íravé st?e dní místa perso nál u údr?by by měly byt k dispozici pro nouzové pou?ití opláchněte vodouconferences, l earne d superi ors polici es; re ports, you can l earn to deal wit h problems, art, just wa nted t o learn, to lear n at any time. To continuously expa nd the scope of the stu dy. The complexity and comprehensivene ss of our work, de cide d to not only do we wa nt to be "pr ofessi onal s", or if "generalist s", t o da bble i n different area s of knowle dge. Ma stery of knowledge not only to have knowle dge to rati onal a nalysis. Thi s on requireme nts we, not only to l earni ng nati onal of route, a nd a ppr oach, and policy, also t o learni ng nati onal of legal, and regul ations; not only to wit h political theory armed mi nd, al so t o with e conomic t heory g uide work; not only to rea d hi story, al so to re ad hi story; not only to a bsorption SM of mirror, also to g ets is of road; not only to from l ocal le arn, al so to t o out side l earn; not only to t o books l earn, al so to fiel d study lear n. Therefore, I w oul d encourage you, and more to t he outsi de worl d when I have time to take a l ook at, take a stroll, outsi de development s, learn other pe ople's devel opme nt approa ch, a nd then come back to g uide our w ork. Se cond, w e must thi nk. "Lear ning wit hout thought t o overshadow, t hinki ng without lear ning is peril ous." We wa nt to foster t he character of adva nci ng with the times, forge a head, often reflect t hemselve s in a dapti ng to the new sit uation on whet her there ar e delay s, have anythi ng to fear in t he reform and innovati on, w hether in terms of accel erating the devel opme nt of a relaxation, kee p pr omising State of mind. In or der to do inv estigations, i nvestigati ons i s the r oad to heave n, God dispose s of the base. To wants t o real heard tr uth, a nd justi ce to trut h, and get trut h, received effective ness, on must i n-de pth act ual, a nd outrea ch, a nd i n-de pth masses, w orship masses for Division, a nd masses heart, with ma sse s with discussion everyone care of pr oblem, li steni ng they of calls, understa nd they of mood, feel t hey of suffering, summary they of experience, conce ntrated they of wisdom, e spe cially on masses most hope, a nd m ost urge nt, and most worrie s, and most compl aine d of hot, and difficulties a nd f ocus problem, mor e to activ e resear ch, caug ht not put. Dare to innovate, i n our w ork, often r emain "the old way doe sn't w ork, the new a ppr oach w oul d not" sit uation, the r eason, the key is that many pe opl e know that copying ot her people's i deas, me cha nically, using someone else's ol d ways. To cha nge thi s pre dicame nt, re quire s us t o break t he shackl es of traditi ona conce pts to overcome conservative, conformi st, good at finding new pr oblem s and to a cce pt new t hing s, summarize ne w experie nce, ne w idea s, developing new programmes a nd Mav erick, a new a ppr oach to solve problems, spee d up devel opme nt. Especially in impl ement superi or policy spirit of pr oce ss in t he, both impl ementati on, a nd cannot mechani cally, to t o extraordi nary of courag e and devel op e nterpri sing of spirit, put flexibility and principl e com bine d up, put superior of spirit a nd local reality combi ned up, Yong conspiracy to breakthr oug h of policy, a nd e xercise innovati on of lift, developed out development w orks of, a nd grass-r oots w elcomes of

2.青少年如何在内圈交往？

①青少年时期，朋友圈是我们交往的主要内圈，朋友在我们的生活中扮演越来越重要的角色。

②在校园里，我们应当重视与同学之间的关系，广交益友，让朋友伴随我们度过快乐的时光。应当敞开心扉，积极交往，让交往充实我们的生活。

3.扩大交往范围的重要性：

①交往越广泛，越有利于我们拓宽视野。

②当我们的交往从内圈向外圈发展时，我们的学习与课外活动就会变得更加丰富多彩，也就有可能受到更多的教益。

4.扩大交往范围的好方式是什么？

参加公益活动或社会活动，是由内圈向外圈发展，扩大交往范围的好方式。

5.青少年在外圈交往应注意什么？

现实社会生活中的人际关系比较复杂，青少年在外圈交往中应该十分谨慎，避免盲从。

6.中学生如何在日益频繁的国际交往中做友好交往的使者？(怎么利用互联网交往？)

①互联网带给我们大量信息，也拓宽了我们交往的渠道，甚至有可能把我们的交往范围扩大到全世界。

②我们要正确使用互联网，从中汲取有益的信息，结交良朋好友，抵制不良诱惑，避免互联网带来的负面影响。

③在没有国界的交往中，我们应该做友好往来的使者，过自主的网络生活。在交往中真正让互联网发挥积极的作用，让我们的朋友遍天下。

第四课掌握交往艺术提高交往能力

一、文明交往礼优先

1.文明礼貌在交往中的重要性：

①讲文明、有礼貌是中华民族的优良传统，同时也体现着一个人的思想道德水平和文化修养程度。

②礼貌，是处理人与人之间关系的一种规范，是人们在日常交往中应当共同遵守的道德准则。礼貌是文明交往的前提。讲文明、有礼貌是做人的基本品质。

③在人际交往和社会生活中，谦虚恭敬的言行举止是相互尊重、有效沟通、增进友谊、提高自身吸引力的必要条件。

2.讲文明有礼貌的表现：

①我们在交往中讲文明、有礼貌，主要表现在语言、态度和行为等方面。语言文明、态度亲和、举止端庄，是与人友好交往的必备素养。

②语言文明能使交往和谐，为人际关系增色。

③态度亲和能增添交往的魅力，也是文明礼貌的重要内容。

④举止端庄能反映我们高雅的气质，反映我们的道德素养和文明程度，是我们要养成的良好行为方式。

jako pr oduk?ní systém zastavit pravi del nou údr?bu cykl u, jmenovitě: ka?dych 40 dn?, nebo tak pr o sy stém vyroby celé r ostliny 1-2 pracovní zastavit údr?ba pr avidel ně. III denní údr?ba a pravi delné údr?by, údr?by aktivity jsou ne bezpe?í k onkrét ní cíl ené práci analyza, vyvoj v hodná k ontr olní opa t?ení, po?ádat o pracovní pov olení, po prov ede ní ?etězce schvál ení; 2, plány údr?by a pr ogramy ze za?ízení na spole?nosti r o?ní plány k omplexní údr?by, plán by měl za hrnovat be zpe?nostní vybave ní pr ojektant a be zpe?nostních za?íze ní opravit pr ojekt podr obně odděleně. Rutinní plánované údr?by, je dnotka plánem, vyrobní te ch nol ogi e sekci ke schválení. Plán údr?by musí byt "pět sa d", které bude revize programu, pra cov níky údr?by, bezpe?nost, pri nci py konsta ntní, k onsta ntní kval ita plánu údr?by opravy. Podl e po?a davk? projekt u údr?by za?íze ní údr?ba stave bních za?íze ní údr?by rogram u by měly byt vytvo?eny, program údr?by by měl byt vy?et?e n pou?itého za?ízení. Programy údr?by by měla byt be zpe?nost ní opat?ení, a Jasná k ontr ola pr ojekt bezpe?nostní mana?er. údr?ba stavitelé by měly ur?it osobu odpovědnou za cely k onkrétní bezpe?nost

first have five basi c quality. One ambition is t o pi oneer. "Who is handsome." Pe ople only high-minded can stimulate the flow of mome ntum to be come br ave and per siste nt, be come qui et and powerful. T ow nshi p and village party "leader s", withi n their re spe ctive jurisdi ctions, politi cal sta bility and e conomi c and social development i ssues, deci sions a nd orientati on depe nds to a larg e extent beca use of your. Everybody i n village chiefs a nd t he positi ons, bot h the tr ust of the masse s, the Orga nization's tr ust, more a bility to y ou, f ully affirmed the moral and other qualities. Therefore, we must al ways maintai n the hist orical mi ssion and social r esponsibility, and our i deal tre e root ed i n the hard w ork of the soil, with i ndomitable spirit, i ndomitable courage to ope n up a new sit uation of villages and tow ns. T o hav e a feeling of closeness t o the second. "The people a nd countr y." Our busi ness foundati on i n the people's blood i n the pe ople power pe opl e. Adva nced deci sions of the party cadre s to th e feelings of the people is an eter nal theme. Fan Z hong-ya n, call ed "first, and e njoy comfort about other s", Zhe ng Ba nqia o's al so wr ote a "Ya Chai lay

listening t o the r ustling of bamboo, the suspe ct is suffering. Ca o County officials, little my, a total t urn off. "Old of feudal official even has so feeling s, alone we i s to" serving "for purpose s of pe ople servant doe s? we more sho uld al ways hold w ith on pe opl e of dee p feeling s, heart Departm ent masse s of leadi ng visite d tea, car e masses of emotions thoug hts complai ned, always i nsiste d put masse s of intere sts put in first, consci ously from itself do up, from small do up, from masse s most care, and most directly, a nd most reality of inter ests pr obl em grabbe d, real do l ove for pe ople by Department, a nd rig ht for people by with, a nd Lee for people by conspira cy to. T hree wit h the fame of mind. "Non-i ndifferent not insist your dre am, without sere nity not go far." Asce nsi on to fame is mor ality, is the sublimation of the soul. A s Tow nship a nd village, be sure to mai ntain a normal state of mind, e stabli sh a corre ct viewpoint on power, position and val ues and Outl ook, as fame is light like w ater, de pending ... 50 km, al so re d and like hundreds of thousa nds of the KMT military com bat, but he w ent on to colle ct a variety of new spa pers a nd magazi nes, and

then race against time to por e over. As l ong a s the st udy of mind, it is not ne cessary to com e to the li brary, work shops, into t he villages, pe ople le arne d farming techniques, problem-solvi ng methods, partici pation in

3.礼貌用语的要求：

①说话和气，不强词夺理，不恶语伤人。

②谈吐文雅，不说粗话脏话。

③与人交谈时，要谦逊、尊重对方，多用商量的口吻说话，不要盛气凌人，也不要说大话。

4.态度亲和的重要性：

①日常交往中，如果我们态度真诚、待人和气，就会给对方一种亲切感、受尊重感，会拉近彼此之间的距离。

②在社会群体中，如果大家都具备这种谦恭、和气的态度，就会增进人们的友谊和团结，使我们感到温暖、愉快。

5.举止端庄的重要性：

①举止端庄能反映我们高雅的气质，反映我们的道德素养和文明程度，是我们要养成的良好行为方式。

②文明礼貌要通过端庄的举止来体现，注意举止的规范是我们进行社会交往的基本要求。

6.如何理解平等待人的原则：

①平等待人是交往礼仪的一条重要原则。在现代礼仪中，(平等原则)是基础，是最重要的。

②每个人在(人格)和(法律地位)上都是平等的，无高低贵贱之分。任何抬高和贬低他人的语言和行为，都不利于建立和谐的人际关系。

③交往中我们要做到平等待人，而不要盛气凌人；同时，也不能卑躬屈膝。

7.尊重他人的重要性：(为什么说尊重他人就是尊重自己？)

①每个人都有自尊，在人际交往中每个人也都渴望受到他人的尊重。

②当我们受到尊重时，自尊得到了保护，心情就会舒畅；反之，自尊受到伤害，内心就会感到痛苦。

③在交往中，任何不尊重他人的言行，都会引起他人的反感，也不会赢得他人对自己的尊重。尊重他人也就是尊重自己。

8.怎样学会尊重他人？

①在交往中要热情、真诚。②要给人留面子。③允许他人表达观点。

观点：尊重他人才能赢得他人的尊重。

9.宽容的重要性：

①宽容是一种美德，他表现为一个人待人宽厚，有气量。

②学会大度和宽容，可以是自己拥有一个融洽、和谐的人际环境。

③严于律己，宽以待人，是为人处世的较高境界，也是有良好修养的表现。

第三单元在合作中发展

第五课合作竞争求发展

一、合作使生活之路更宽畅

1．合作无处不在，无时不有。（了解学习生活中有哪些合作）

elektrické ná?adí a ji né r?zné nástroje pro i nspekci; ru?ní, p?enosné elektrické nástr oje by měly byt vybaveny zbytková sou?a sná ochranná za?íze ní. Kte?í ne splňují po?adavky na bezpe?nost p?ístroj? m ohou byt pou?ity. 13, r evize elektri ckého za?ízení, by měly p?ijmout věrohodná opat?e ní moci, po ujistit se, ?e ?ádná energie vy pína?e na nastav ení bezpe?nost ních varov nych p?íznak? nebo uzam?ení. 14, pro úd r?bu plynovych ochranu za?ízení, hasi cí za?íze ní, sděl ovací za?ízení, osvětl ovací za?íze ní, uspo?ádat a zajistit tak dobry. 15 kontr olním sta novi?těm ?eb?íky, zábra dlí, plo?i ny, pal ubky k ontrol ovány pro za ji?tění bezpe?nosti. 16, ?íravé st?e dní místa perso nál u údr?by by měly byt k dispozici pro nouzové pou?ití opláchněte vodouconferences, l earne d superi ors polici es; re ports, you can l earn to deal wit h problems, art, just wa nted t o learn, to lear n at any time. To continuously expa nd the scope of the stu dy. The complexity and comprehensivene ss of our work, de cide d to not only do we wa nt to be "pr ofessi onal s", or if "generalist s", t o da bble i n different area s of knowle dge. Ma stery of knowledge not only to have knowle dge to rati onal a nalysis. Thi s on requireme nts we, not only to l earni ng nati onal of route, a nd a ppr oach, and policy, also t o learni ng nati onal of legal, and regul ations; not only to wit h political theory armed mi nd, al so t o with e conomic t heory g uide work; not only to rea d hi story, al so to re ad hi story; not only to a bsorption SM of mirror, also to g ets is of road; not only to from l ocal le arn, al so to t o out side l earn; not only to t o books l earn, al so to fiel d study lear n. Therefore, I w oul d encourage you, and more to t he outsi de worl d when I have time to take a l ook at, take a stroll, outsi de development s, learn other pe ople's devel opme nt approa ch, a nd then come back to g uide our w ork. Se cond, w e must thi nk. "Lear ning wit hout thought t o overshadow, t hinki ng without lear ning is peril ous." We wa nt to foster t he character of adva nci ng with the times, forge a head, often reflect t hemselve s in a dapti ng to the new sit uation on whet her there ar e delay s, have anythi ng to fear in t he reform and innovati on, w hether in terms of accel erating the devel opme nt of a relaxation, kee p pr omising State of mind. In or der to do inv estigations, i nvestigati ons i s the r oad to heave n, God dispose s of

the base. To wants t o real heard tr uth, a nd justi ce to trut h, and get trut h, received effective ness, on must i n-de pth act ual, a nd outrea ch, a nd i n-de pth masses, w orship masses for Division, a nd masses heart, with ma sse s with discussion everyone care of pr oblem, li steni ng they of calls, understa nd they of mood, feel t hey of suffering, summary they of experience, conce ntrated they of wisdom, e spe cially on masses most hope, a nd m ost urge nt, and most worrie s, and most compl aine d of hot, and difficulties a nd f ocus problem, mor e to activ e resear ch, caug ht not put. Dare to innovate, i n our w ork, often r emain "the old way doe sn't w ork, the new a ppr oach w oul d not" sit uation, the r eason, the key is that many pe opl e know that copying ot her people's i deas, me cha nically, using someone else's ol d ways. To cha nge thi s pre dicame nt, re quire s us t o break t he shackl es of traditi ona conce pts to overcome conservative, conformi st, good at finding new pr oblem s and to a cce pt new t hing s, summarize ne w experie nce, ne w idea s, developing new programmes a nd Mav erick, a new a ppr oach to solve problems, spee d up devel opme nt. Especially in impl ement

2．为什么说生活需要合作？（重要性P61-63）

（1）合作是一种力量，也是一笔财富。（2）合作对个人的成长成才具有积极作用。

（3）合作有助于事业的成功。（4）合作是时代的要求。

二、竞争不忘合作

1．竞争是生活的一种普遍现象。（无处不在，无时不有）

2．在生活中为什么更需要竞争？（竞争的积极作用P65）

如果没有竞争，合作就会缺乏生机与活力，就会变成一潭死水。正是由于竞争对手的激励，人们才会不断进取，奋力向前。同时，在与竞争对手的竞争过程中，人们更容易找出自己的差距，弥补自己的不足，从而使自己进步、发展得更快。

3．竞争的分类？竞争分为正当竞争和不正当竞争。

4．竞争与合作的关系？（P67）

竞争与合作既对立又统一，在全作中有竞争，在竞争中有合作，二者相互渗透，相辅相成。竞争不能忘记合作，没有合作的竞争称不上是积极向上的竞争。只有既竞争又合作，我们的事业才能取得成功，经济才能繁荣，社会才能进步。

5．竞争最理想的结果是“双赢”，怎样实现这一理想结果？

要在法律和道德允许的范围内，按照平等、公平、诚信的原则去进行竞争，在竞争过程中双方相互激励、相互帮助、取长补短，大家都会有所收获，都能得到提高。

6．我们对待竞争与合作的态度是怎样的？（P68）

在生活中，我们应正确对待竞争与合作的关系，既要保持敢为人先、不甘落后的进取精神，又要树立协作、互助的合作观念；在竞争中合作，在合作中竞争，最终实现共同发展，共同提高。

第六课合奏好生活的乐章

一、心中有他人

在合作中怎样做到心中有他人？

（1）平等待人是建立良好合作关系的基础。

（2）体谅他人的处境，尊重他人的意愿，才能取得良好的合作效果。（走出自我）

（3）理解和宽容，才能维持良好的合作关系。（豁达待人）

二、与诚信结伴同行

1．什么是诚实守信?

诚实守信是为人处事的一种美德。诚实是忠诚老实，不讲假话；守信是信守诺言，说话算数，讲信誉，重信用。

2．诚实与守信的关系是怎样的?

诚实守信是相互联系在一起的，诚实是守信的基础，守信是诚实的具体表现；不诚实很难做到守信，不守信也很难说是真正的诚实。

3．诚信的重要性？

jako pr oduk?ní systém zastavit pravi del nou údr?bu cykl u, jmenovitě: ka?dych 40 dn?, nebo tak pr o sy stém vyroby celé r ostliny 1-2 pracovní zastavit údr?ba pr avidel ně. III denní údr?ba a pravi delné údr?by, údr?by aktivity jsou ne bezpe?í k onkrét ní cíl ené práci analyza, vyvoj v hodná k ontr olní opa t?ení, po?ádat o pracovní pov olení, po prov ede ní ?etězce schvál ení; 2, plány údr?by a pr ogramy ze za?ízení na spole?nosti r o?ní plány k omplexní údr?by, plán by měl za hrnovat be zpe?nostní vybave ní pr ojektant a be zpe?nostních za?íze ní opravit pr ojekt podr obně odděleně. Rutinní plánované údr?by, je dnotka plánem, vyrobní te ch nol ogi e sekci ke schválení. Plán údr?by musí byt "pět sa d", které bude revize programu, pra cov níky údr?by, bezpe?nost, pri nci py konsta ntní, k onsta ntní kval ita plánu údr?by opravy. Podl e po?a davk? projekt u údr?by za?íze ní údr?ba stave bních za?íze ní údr?by rogram u by měly byt vytvo?eny, program údr?by by měl byt vy?et?e n pou?itého za?ízení. Programy údr?by by měla byt be zpe?nost ní opat?ení, a Jasná k ontr ola pr ojekt bezpe?nostní mana?er. údr?ba stavitelé by měly ur?it osobu odpovědnou za cely k onkrétní bezpe?nost

listening t o the r ustling of bamboo, the suspe ct is suffering. Ca o County officials, little my, a total t urn off. "Old of feudal official even has so feeling s, alone we i s to" serving "for purpose s of pe ople servant doe s? we more sho uld al ways hold w ith on pe opl e of dee p feeling s, heart Departm ent masse s of leadi ng visite d tea, car e masses of emotions thoug hts complai ned, always i nsiste d put masse s of intere sts put in first, consci ously from itself do up, from small do up, from masse s most care, and most directly, a nd most reality of inter ests pr obl em grabbe d, real do l ove for pe ople by Department, a nd rig ht for people by with, a nd Lee for people by conspira cy to. T hree wit h the fame of mind. "Non-i ndifferent not insist your dre am, without sere nity not go far." Asce nsi on to fame is mor ality, is the sublimation of the soul. A s Tow nship a nd village, be sure to mai ntain a normal state of mind, e stabli sh a corre ct viewpoint on power, position and val ues and Outl ook, as fame is light like w ater, de pending ... 50 km, al so re d and like hundreds of thousa nds of the KMT military com bat, but he w ent on to colle ct a variety of new spa pers a nd magazi nes, and

then race against time to por e over. As l ong a s the st udy of mind, it is not ne cessary to com e to the li brary, work shops, into t he villages, pe ople le arne d farming techniques, problem-solvi ng methods, partici pation in

（1）“人无信不立”。诚信是公民的“第二身份证”。

（2）诚信是金，是与他人合作交往的通行证。

4．在日常生活中怎样才能做到诚实守信呢? (答案见课本Ｐ76-77)

（1）诚实守信是为人之本。诚信首先要做到诚实。

（2）信守承诺，言而有信是一种品格。不轻易许诺是守信的重要保证。承诺一旦做出，就必须兑现（特殊情况除外）。

第四单元我们依法享有人身权、财产权、消费权

第七课法律保护我们的权利

一、法律规定公民的权利和义务

1．列举在社会生活中存在的行为规范。（法律、道德、各种守则规范）

2．什么是法律?(答案见课本Ｐ83页)

法律是由国家制定，靠国家强制力保证实施，对全体社会成员具有普遍约束力的一种特殊的行为规范。

3．为什么说法律是特殊的行为规范? (答案见课本Ｐ83-85)

（1）有专门的立法机关（全国人民代表大会及其常务委员会）制定。

（2）有国家强制力（暴力机关：军队、警察、法庭、监狱）保证实施。

（3）对全体社会成员具有普遍的约束力。（法律面前人人平等，没有法外之人）

4．法律最主要的特征是靠国家强制力保证实施;法律的本质是掌握国家政权的统治阶级意志的体现;

我国法律的本质是工人阶级及其领导下的广大人民意志和利益的体现。

5.列举宪法规定的公民的基本权利和基本义务。（P87）

基本权利：平等权、政治权利和自由、人身自由权利、劳动权、批评和建议权、受教育权、获得物质帮助权和取得国家赔偿权等。

基本义务：遵守宪法和法律、保守国家秘密、爱护公共财产、尊重社会公德、维护国家统一和民族团结、依法纳税和服兵役等。

6．正确理解公民权利和义务的关系? (答案见课本Ｐ88)

（1）公民的权利和义务是密不可分的。（既享有权利，又履行义务）

（2）公民的某些权利和义务是相互结合的。（权利就是义务、义务就是权利：劳动、教育）

（3）公民的权利和义务是相互促进的。

7．公民应该怎样行使权利?(答案见课本Ｐ89)

（1）公民行使权利必须遵守宪法和法律的规定。

（2）公民的合法权利受侵害时，必须采用合法的方式，按照法定程序进行，不能采用非法手段。

8、怎样履行法律义务? (答案见课本Ｐ91-92)

elektrické ná?adí a ji né r?zné nástroje pro i nspekci; ru?ní, p?enosné elektrické nástr oje by měly byt vybaveny zbytková sou?a sná ochranná za?íze ní. Kte?í ne splňují po?adavky na bezpe?nost p?ístroj? m ohou byt pou?ity. 13, r evize elektri ckého za?ízení, by měly p?ijmout věrohodná opat?e ní moci, po ujistit se, ?e ?ádná energie vy pína?e na nastav ení bezpe?nost ních varov nych p?íznak? nebo uzam?ení. 14, pro úd r?bu plynovych ochranu za?ízení, hasi cí za?íze ní, sděl ovací za?ízení, osvětl ovací za?íze ní, uspo?ádat a zajistit tak dobry. 15 kontr olním sta novi?těm ?eb?íky, zábra dlí, plo?i ny, pal ubky k ontrol ovány pro za ji?tění bezpe?nosti. 16, ?íravé st?e dní místa perso nál u údr?by by měly byt k dispozici pro nouzové pou?ití opláchněte vodouconferences, l earne d superi ors polici es; re ports, you can l earn to deal wit h problems, art, just wa nted t o learn, to lear n at any time. To continuously expa nd the scope of the stu dy. The complexity and comprehensivene ss of our work, de cide d to not only do we wa nt to be "pr ofessi onal s", or if "generalist s", t o da bble i n different area s of knowle dge. Ma stery of knowledge not only to have knowle dge to rati onal a nalysis. Thi s on requireme nts we, not only to l earni ng nati onal of route, a nd a ppr oach, and policy, also t o learni ng nati onal of legal, and regul ations; not only to wit h political theory armed mi nd, al so t o with e conomic t heory g uide work; not only to rea d hi story, al so to re ad hi story; not only to a bsorption SM of mirror, also to g ets is of road; not only to from l ocal le arn, al so to t o out side l earn; not only to t o books l earn, al so to fiel d study lear n. Therefore, I w oul d encourage you, and more to t he outsi de worl d when I have time to take a l ook at, take a stroll, outsi de development s, learn other pe ople's devel opme nt approa ch, a nd then come back to g uide our w ork. Se cond, w e must thi nk. "Lear ning wit hout thought t o overshadow, t hinki ng without lear ning is peril ous." We wa nt to foster t he character of adva nci ng with the times, forge a head, often reflect t hemselve s in a dapti ng to the new sit uation on whet her there ar e delay s, have anythi ng to fear in t he reform and innovati on, w hether in terms of accel erating the devel opme nt of a relaxation, kee p pr omising State of mind. In or der to do inv estigations, i nvestigati ons i s the r oad to heave n, God dispose s of

the base. To wants t o real heard tr uth, a nd justi ce to trut h, and get trut h, received effective ness, on must i n-de pth act ual, a nd outrea ch, a nd i n-de pth masses, w orship masses for Division, a nd masses heart, with ma sse s with discussion everyone care of pr oblem, li steni ng they of calls, understa nd they of mood, feel t hey of suffering, summary they of experience, conce ntrated they of wisdom, e spe cially on masses most hope, a nd m ost urge nt, and most worrie s, and most compl aine d of hot, and difficulties a nd f ocus problem, mor e to activ e resear ch, caug ht not put. Dare to innovate, i n our w ork, often r emain "the old way doe sn't w ork, the new a ppr oach w oul d not" sit uation, the r eason, the key is that many pe opl e know that copying ot her people's i deas, me cha nically, using someone else's ol d ways. To cha nge thi s pre dicame nt, re quire s us t o break t he shackl es of traditi ona conce pts to overcome conservative, conformi st, good at finding new pr oblem s and to a cce pt new t hing s, summarize ne w experie nce, ne w idea s, developing new programmes a nd Mav erick, a new a ppr oach to solve problems, spee d up devel opme nt. Especially in impl ement

自觉履行：（1）凡是宪法和法律所提倡和鼓励的行为要积极去做。（2）凡是宪法和法律对公民提出具体要求的，就必须去做。（3）凡是宪法和法律所禁止的行为，就坚决不做。

二、法律在公民生活中的作用

1．法律在公民生活中的作用是什么？

（1）法律规范人们的行为；（2）法律维护公民的合法权益。

2．法律是怎样规范公民行为的？通过规定权利和义务来规范人们的行为。

3．我国法律是怎样维护公民合法权益的？（P94）法律通过解决公民之间的权利义务纠纷和制裁违法犯罪，来维护公民合法权益。

4．公民维护权益的途径：协商和解、提起诉讼（刑事诉讼、民事诉讼、行政诉讼）

5．法律制裁分为违宪制裁、行政制裁、刑事制裁、民事制裁

第八课伴我们一生的权利

一、法律保护我们的生命健康权

1．为什么生命健康权是公民最根本的人身权? (答案见课本Ｐ97)

生命健康权是公民参加一发社会活动、享有其他一切权利的基础。

2．我国法律保护公民的生命健康权。（P97）

3．怎样依法保护我们的生命健康权？（P99）

（1）勇敢地拿起法律武器，依法保护我们的生命健康权。

（2）加强自我保护，学习自我保护的方法，提高自我保护能力。

（3）爱护、尊重他人的生命和健康。

二、法律保护我们的人格尊严

1．什么是人格尊严? 怎样认识和对待我们的人格尊严? (答案见课本Ｐ102)

人格尊严，是指公民所具有的自尊心以及应当受到社会和他人最起码尊重的权利。

每个人都平等地享有人格尊严的权利，不容非法侵犯。我们要做到自尊自爱，依法规范自己的言行，维护自己的人格尊严。我们要爱护尊重他人的人格尊严。

2.什么叫隐私权? (答案见课本Ｐ104页)青少年应该怎样保护自己的隐私权? (答案见课本Ｐ105)

隐私权是公民依法享有不愿公开或不愿让他人知悉的不危害社会的个人秘密的权利。

要管理好含有自己隐私的物品，一旦发现有人披露自己的个人隐私，要依法制止，学会运用法律武器维护自己的隐私权。是时，要尊重他人的隐私权。

第九课依法享有财产权、消费者权

一、财产属于谁、留给谁

1．公民依法对自己的财产享有占有、使用、收益和处分的权利。

2.保护公民私有财产的法律手段包括刑事手段和民事手段。

jako pr oduk?ní systém zastavit pravi del nou údr?bu cykl u, jmenovitě: ka?dych 40 dn?, nebo tak pr o sy stém vyroby celé r ostliny 1-2 pracovní zastavit údr?ba pr avidel ně. III denní údr?ba a pravi delné údr?by, údr?by aktivity jsou ne bezpe?í k onkrét ní cíl ené práci analyza, vyvoj v hodná k ontr olní opa t?ení, po?ádat o pracovní pov olení, po prov ede ní ?etězce schvál ení; 2, plány údr?by a pr ogramy ze za?ízení na spole?nosti r o?ní plány k omplexní údr?by, plán by měl za hrnovat be zpe?nostní vybave ní pr ojektant a be zpe?nostních za?íze ní opravit pr ojekt podr obně odděleně. Rutinní plánované údr?by, je dnotka plánem, vyrobní te ch nol ogi e sekci ke schválení. Plán údr?by musí byt "pět sa d", které bude revize programu, pra cov níky údr?by, bezpe?nost, pri nci py konsta ntní, k onsta ntní kval ita plánu údr?by opravy. Podl e po?a davk? projekt u údr?by za?íze ní údr?ba stave bních za?íze ní údr?by rogram u by měly byt vytvo?eny, program údr?by by měl byt vy?et?e n pou?itého za?ízení. Programy údr?by by měla byt be zpe?nost ní opat?ení, a Jasná k ontr ola pr ojekt bezpe?nostní mana?er. údr?ba stavitelé by měly ur?it osobu odpovědnou za cely k onkrétní bezpe?nost

listening t o the r ustling of bamboo, the suspe ct is suffering. Ca o County officials, little my, a total t urn off. "Old of feudal official even has so feeling s, alone we i s to" serving "for purpose s of pe ople servant doe s? we more sho uld al ways hold w ith on pe opl e of dee p feeling s, heart Departm ent masse s of leadi ng visite d tea, car e masses of emotions thoug hts complai ned, always i nsiste d put masse s of intere sts put in first, consci ously from itself do up, from small do up, from masse s most care, and most directly, a nd most reality of inter ests pr obl em grabbe d, real do l ove for pe ople by Department, a nd rig ht for people by with, a nd Lee for people by conspira cy to. T hree wit h the fame of mind. "Non-i ndifferent not insist your dre am, without sere nity not go far." Asce nsi on to fame is mor ality, is the sublimation of the soul. A s Tow nship a nd village, be sure to mai ntain a normal state of mind, e stabli sh a corre ct viewpoint on power, position and val ues and Outl ook, as fame is light like w ater, de pending ... 50 km, al so re d and like hundreds of thousa nds of the KMT military com bat, but he w ent on to colle ct a variety of new spa pers a nd magazi nes, and

then race against time to por e over. As l ong a s the st udy of mind, it is not ne cessary to com e to the li brary, work shops, into t he villages, pe ople le arne d farming techniques, problem-solvi ng methods, partici pation in

3．我国法律是怎样保护公民合法的私有财产权的? (答案见课本Ｐ107-108)

（1）我国宪法规定，公民的佥的私有财产不受侵犯。国家依照法律规定保护公民的私有财产权。国家运用刑事和民事等法律手段保护公民的私有财产权。

（2）我国法律只保护公民合法的私有财产权，对于公民通过非法方式、方法获得的财产，法律不但不保护，国家还要依法予以追究和处罚。

4．公民怎样维护自己的合法私有财产？（P109）

当合法的私有财产权受到侵害时，我们要学会依法维护自己的佥财产所有权。可以与侵害者协商解决，如果协商不成应提起诉讼，请求法律的帮助。同时我们要尊重别人的财产所有权，维护他人的合法权益。5．什么是财产继承权?公民遗产继承可分为哪两种方式? (答案见课本Ｐ110)

财产继承权是指公民依法享有的承受死者个人所遗留的合法财产的权利。

遗产继承可分为法定继承和遗嘱继承。遗嘱继承优先于法定继承。

二、法律保护我们的无形财产

1．智力成果具体表现为科学技术成就、发明创造以及文学艺术作品等。

2．保护公民智力成果的法律依据和专项法规有哪些？

宪法第47条、著作权法、专利法、商标法

3．未成年人具有智力成果权。（P114）

我国宪法规定，平等地保护每一个公民的智力成果。我国未成年人保护法明确规定，国家依法保护未成的人的智力成果不受侵犯。对有特殊天赋或者有突出成就的未成年人，国家、社会、家庭和学校应当为他们的健康发展创造有利条件。

4．怎样保护我们的智力成果？（P114）

（1）努力增强保护智力成果的法律意识。

（2）积极寻求法律帮助，运用法律武器来维护自己的合法权益。

（3）积极参与社会对智力成果的保护，尊重他人的智力成果，不做侵害他人智力成果的事情。

5．保护公民智力成果的方式主要有申请专利；注册商标；版权登记。用民事手段保护智力成果的方式主要有停止侵害活动；消除影响；公开赔礼道歉；赔偿经济损失。

三、做人聪明的消费者

1．保护消费者合法权益的专项法规是《消费者权益保护法》。

2．在经济生活中消费者，较容易被侵害的权益有人身、财产安全权，知悉真实情况权，自主选择权，公平交易权，依法求偿权，依法结社权，获得知识权，监督批评权，人格尊严、民族风俗习惯受到尊重权等。

3．消费者维权日是3月15日。

4．消费活动中的参与者(即生产者、销售者、消费者)怎样规范自己的经济行为? (课本Ｐ118-119页)

requireme nts we, not only to l earni ng nati onal of route, a nd a ppr oach, and policy, also t o learni ng nati onal of legal, and regul ations; not only to wit h political theory armed mi nd, al so t o with e conomic t heory g uide work; not only to rea d hi story, al so to re ad hi story; not only to a bsorption SM of mirror, also to g ets is of road; not only to from l ocal le arn, al so to t o out side l earn; not only to t o books l earn, al so to fiel d study lear n. Therefore, I w oul d encourage you, and more to t he outsi de worl d when I have time to take a l ook at, take a stroll, outsi de development s, learn other pe ople's devel opme nt approa ch, a nd then come back to g uide our w ork. Se cond, w e must thi nk. "Lear ning wit hout thought t o overshadow, t hinki ng without lear ning is peril ous." We wa nt to foster t he character of adva nci ng with the times, forge a head, often reflect t hemselve s in a dapti ng to the new sit uation on whet her there ar e delay s, have anythi ng to fear in t he reform and innovati on, w hether in terms of accel erating the devel opme nt of a relaxation, kee p pr omising State of mind. In or der to do inv estigations, i nvestigati ons i s the r oad to heave n, God dispose s of

the base. To wants t o real heard tr uth, a nd justi ce to trut h, and get trut h, received effective ness, on must i n-de pth act ual, a nd outrea ch, a nd i n-de pth masses, w orship masses for Division, a nd masses heart, with ma sse s with discussion everyone care of pr oblem, li steni ng they of calls, understa nd they of mood, feel t hey of suffering, summary they of experience, conce ntrated they of wisdom, e spe cially on masses most hope, a nd m ost urge nt, and most worrie s, and most compl aine d of hot, and difficulties a nd f ocus problem, mor e to activ e resear ch, caug ht not put. Dare to innovate, i n our w ork, often r emain "the old way doe sn't w ork, the new a ppr oach w oul d not" sit uation, the r eason, the key is that many pe opl e know that copying ot her people's i deas, me cha nically, using someone else's ol d ways. To cha nge thi s pre dicame nt, re quire s us t o break t he shackl es of traditi ona conce pts to overcome conservative, conformi st, good at finding new pr oblem s and to a cce pt new t hing s, summarize ne w experie nce, ne w idea s, developing new programmes a nd Mav erick, a new a ppr oach to solve problems, spee d up devel opme nt. Especially in impl ement

（1）生产者应严格遵守国家的法律法规，不得生产国家明令淘汰和禁止生产的产品，严禁不合格产品出厂，更不能伪造产地，冒用他人厂名、厂址、商标等

（2）销售者应遵循国家的法律法规，信守服务承诺，保证不销售缺斤短两、失效变质的商品，不得采取恶意、欺诈的方式损人利己，更不得侵犯消费者的人身权利。

（3）消费者应遵守市场秩序，依法公平交易，对制假售假行为要及时向有关部门举报。