2014年春季学期八年级英语下册目录Unit1 What’s the matter？
Unit2 I’ll help to clean up the city parks.
Unit3 Could you please clean your room?
Unit4 Why don’t you talk to your parents?
Units 5 What were you doing when the rainstorm came? Unit 6 An old man tried to move the mountains.
Unit 7 What’s the highest mountain in the world?
Unit8 Have you read Treasure Island yet?
Unit 9 Have you ever been to a museum?
Unit10 I’ve had this bike for three years.
Unit1 What’s the matter？
Section A
1. What’ s the matter? 怎么啦？出什么事情了？
【解析】matter/ ' m?t?(r)) /n.问题；事情
What’ s the matter with you?
= What’s the trouble with you?
= What’ s wrong with you?
你怎么了？
【注】：matter 和trouble 为名词，其前可加the 或形容词性物主代词，wrong 是adj. 不能加the
【2013自贡3】18. —What’s the matter ______ Tom. He is wet through.
—His car ran _______ the river.
A.with; in
B.to; into
C.with; into
【用法】用于询问某人有什么病或某人遇到什么麻烦、问题其后跟询问对象时，与介词with连用。即：
What’s the matter with sb.?
= What’s your trouble?
= What’s up?
= What happens to sb.?
—What’s the matter with you ?
—I have a bad cold.
( ) ①What’s ____ with you?
A. trouble
B. the matter
C. the wrong
D. matter
( )②—______?
—Nothing serious , but a bit tired.
—Better have a rest now, dear.
A. Is that all
B. Is there anything else
C. What’s this
D. What’s the matter with you
【2013湖北孝感】—_________?
—I have a headache and I don’t feel like eating anything.
A. How are you
B. What can I do for you
C. What’s the matter with you
D. How do you like it
【2011．云南昆明】27. —What’s the matter with Tina?
—_______________.
A. She is away.
B. She is cool.
C. She has a sore throat.
D. She should take some medicine
【拓展】matter的用法
(1) It doesn’t matter 没关系（用来回答别人道歉时的用语）
( ) —I’m sorry to break your pen. —_______
A. That’s right
B.It doesn’t matter
C. Thank you
【2013江苏徐州】3. —Please don't throw paper on the ground.
—________，I won't.
A. Excuse me
B. That's all right
C. Sorry
D. It doesn't matter
【2013黑龙江齐齐哈尔】17.－I have a pain in my back.
－_____ . You’d better see a doctor.
A. I’m sorry to hear that
B. Nothing seriou s
C. It doesn’t matter
【2013湖北武汉】39. —I’m very sorry. I broke your tea cup.
—__________.
A. It doesn’t matter
B. You’d better not
C. Take it easy
D. It’s too bad
【2013四川广安】26．—Sorry, I'm late again．
—______.
A．That’s OK B．It doesn't matter C．Good idea (2) as a matter of fact= in fact 事实上, 实际上
2. I have a cold 我感冒了
I have a stomachache 我患胃痛
I have a sore back. 我背痛。
【解析1】have a cold 受凉;感冒
have a/an + 疾病名词“患……病”(cold/fever/cough)
have a sore throat 患喉咙痛have a sore back 患背痛
have a fever 发烧have a cold =catch a cold 患感冒
have a stomachache 患胃痛have a toothache患牙痛
have a headache 患头痛have a backache患背痛
①Mike’s sister _________________(not have) a s tomachache.
【2012曲靖中考】I didn’t sleep well last night, because I _____ a toothache .
A. was
B. went
C. had
D. took
【2013山东莱芜】—Tony, What’s ___ matter with you?
—I have _____ toothache.
A. a; the
B. the; a
C. /; the
D. the; /
【解析2】back n 背；背部at the back of......在......的后面
go/come back 返回give back 归还
【解析3】
3.hand n 手hand in hand 手拉手
V 交给；传递hand in 上交hand on 依次传递hand out 分发4. She talked too much yesterday and didn’t drink enough water.
她昨天说话太多了并且没有喝足够的水。
( ) Mr. Smith eats ______ food, so he’s _____ fat.
A .much too; too much
B .too many; much too
C. too much; too much
D. too much ;much too
【2013孝感】—Why are you so tired these days?
—Well, I have ________ homework to do.
A. too much
B. too many
C. much too
D. many too
【2013广西玉林】—The meat is ____ delicious.
—Yes, but don’t eat _____.
A. too much; too much
B. much too; too much
C. too much ; much too
D. much too; much too
【解析2】enough 的用法
(1) adj.足够的，充分的修饰名词时，可放在名词之前或之后enough time
(2) adv. ―足够地，十分，相当‖
修饰adj./adv,放在adj./adv 后expensive enough
(3) be +adj. +enough to do sth be strong enough to carry the box.
( ) ①The boy isn’t ___ to dress himself.
A. old enough
B. enough old
C. old
( ) ②—What do you think of the lecture of Li Yang’s Crazy English?
—I think it’s _____ , but someone thinks it’s much too _____.
A. wonderful enough; bored
B. enough wonderful; boring
C. wonderful; enough; boring
D. enough wonderful ; bored
【2013绥化3】26. —How do you like the talk show?
—I think it’s ________, but some people think it’s so________.
A. wonderful enough; bored
B. enough wonderful; boring
C. wonderful enough; boring
5. drink some hot tea with honey.喝一些加蜂蜜的热茶。
【解析】with ：⑴prep “具有，带有‖ , 表示某物带有或具有某种特征。
She is a girl with long hair.
with （反）without
( ) He has a sore throat . He should ______.
A. see a dentist
B. drink hot tea with honey
C. drink a lot of milk
D. eat nothing
【2010宁夏1】25. —Would you like some coffee?
—Yes, and please get me some milk. I prefer coffee ____ milk.
A. with
B. to
C. of
D. on
【2013达州3】15. —Which would you prefer, coffee or orange juice?
— Either _________ OK, but I prefer coffee __________milk in it.
A.are, with
B. is, to C .is, with D. are, to
【2013连云港】30. — I'd like a cup of black coffee. What about you, Maggie?
— I prefer coffee ________ sugar.
A. than
B. for
C. with
D. to
⑵prep. 和......一起
I like to talk freely with my friends.
⑶ prep 用......，表示“使用某种工具”
Cut it with a knife.
6. see a dentist and get an x- ray. 看牙医并且拍张x光。
【解析1】see a dentist = go to a dentist看牙医
see a doctor = go to a doctor 看医生
【解析2】X-ray/'eks rei/n. X 射线；X 光
【2011湖南湘西】You are ill. You had better ___ the doctor right now.
A. look at
B. see
C. watch
【2012四川成都】33. —Where did you go yesterday, Rick?
—I went to see a ______ because I had a cold.
A. teacher
B. doctor
C. reporter
7. What should she do?她该怎么办呢？
Should I take my temperature?我应该量一下体温吗？
【解析1】should ―应该‖ 情态动词，后跟动词原形，表示责任和义务should not =shouldn’t 不应该
主语+ should/ shouldn’t + 动词原形. ..
①You should lie down and rest. 你应该躺下休息一会儿。
②You shouldn’t’ t go out at night.你晚上不应该出去。
①You should _________ (lie) down and rest.
( ) ②You ____ be quiet when you are in the reading room.
A. should
B. shouldn’t
C. can
D. can’t
【2013重庆】30．Hurry up，or you ____catch the train．
A．can’t B．needn’t C．mustn't D. shouldn’t 【2013山西】21. A country has dreams. We teenagers ________ also have dreams. With dreams and hard work, anything amazing can be created.
A. may
B. must
C. should
【2013安徽】You _____ drive your car so fast. It’s very dangerous.
A. wouldn’t
B. shouldn’t
C. couldn’t
D. mightn’t
【解析2】take one’s temperature 量体温
8. No, it doesn’t sound like you have a fever. 不需要，听起来你不像发烧了。【解析1】sound like 听起来像，后接名词或名词性短语作表语。
It sounds like a good idea.
【拓展】“感官动词+ like
feel like 摸起来像smell like 闻起来像look like 看起来像
taste like 尝起来像
【解析2】fever/ 'fi:v?:(r)/n.发烧have a fever 发烧
You need to take breaks away from the computer.
你需要休息一下，远离电脑。
9. You need to take break away from the computer.你需要远离电脑，休息休息。【解析】need v 需要
◆用于肯定句是实义动词
(1) need sth 需要某物I need your help.
(2) 人做主语，sb need to do sth 某人需要做某事
Do you need to drink more water?
(3) 物做主语，sth need doing sth = sth need to be done
My TV set needs repairing.
①I need __________(come) to the office quickly
because some work need ___________(finish) at once.
( ) ②David needs ______ a good rest.
A. has
B. to have
C. have
D. having
◆用于否定句是情态动词
needn’t = don’t have to 没有必要
must ,need 引导的疑问句肯定回答用
( ) ①—Must I hand in my exercise book now, Mr. Zhao?
—No, you ______ .You may give it to me tomorrow.
A. needn’t
B.mustn’t
C.can’t
D. may not
( ) ②You don’t have to go to bed too late at night.
A. can’t
B.shouldn’t
C.needn’t
D. would like to
【2013湖南邵阳】27.—Must I hand it in today?
—No. you _____ . You can do it tomorrow.
A. mustn't
B. can't
C. needn't
【2013广东广州】20.—Must I finish my homework now?
—No, you ______. You can go home now.
A. needn’t
B. mustn’t
C. shouldn’t
D. can’t 【2013湖南娄底】25. —Must I start now?
—No, you_________
A. mustn't
B. can't
C. needn't
9. I think I sat in the same way for too long without moving.
我想我以同样的姿势一动不动地坐得太久了。
【解析】without doing sth.
10.If your head and neck still hurt tomorrow, then go to a doctor.
如果你的头和脖子明天还疼的话，就去看医生。
【解析1】neck /nek/ n.颈；脖子neck and neck 不分上下，势均力敌
【解析2】hurt /h3：(r)t/ v. (hurt /h3：(r)t/) (使痛；受伤)
表示肉体感到疼痛或不适，使用时应用疼痛的具体部位作主语。
My leg hurts.
11. At 9:00 a.m . yesterday, bus No. 26 was going along Zhonghua Road when the driver saw an old man lying on the side of the road.
昨天上午9:00 , 26路公共汽车正沿着中华路行驶，这时，司机看见一位老人躺在马路上。
【解析1】along/ down
相同点：prep “顺着；沿着‖
不同点：along 强调顺着水平方向
down 指“沿着……下坡或者往南走‖
【2012江苏南京】My father has habit(习惯) of jogging ____ the Jinchuan River for an hour in the morning .
A. between
B. along
C. over
【2011襄阳】29.---- Would you mind turning ____ the light? It’s too dark here.
---- OK. Wait a minute, please.
A. over
B. on
C. off
D. down
【解析2】see （saw , seen）v 看见
see sb. do sth 看见某人做某事（看到动作发生的全过程或经常看到动作发生）see sb. doing sth 看见某人正在做某事（强调动作正在发生）
【2012四川雅安市1】17. Andy prefers _____ books to ____ TV.
A. reading; watching
B. read; watch
C. looking; seeing
D. look; see
【2013湖北黄石4】Seeing their teacher ___ into the classroom, they stopped ___ at once.
A. walk; telling
B. entering; to speak
C. enter; to tell
D. walking; talking
【解析3】lie/lai/v. (lay/lei/ )躺；平躺
lie →lay →lain v 躺下，(现在分词lying ).
lie down 躺下
lie down and rest 躺下休息
12.The bus driver,24-year-old Wang Ping, stopped the bus without thinking twice.
公共汽车司机，24岁的王平，毫不犹豫的停下了车。
【解析】24-year-old 24岁的
“数词+名词+形容词”构成复合形容词，在句中作定语，用连字符后连接，名词用单数。
( )① Tom,____ boy, is the only child of the family.
A. a five years old
B. a five-year-old
C. a five-year-olds
( )② My brother has a _____ son.
A. four-years-old
B. fourth-year-old
C. four-year-old
D. four-year-olds 【2013黑龙江绥化】She is a _____ girl with two big eyes.
A. Six-years- old
B. six-year - old
C. Six years old
13. He got off and asked the woman what happened.
他下车问那名妇女发生了什么事。
【解析】get off 下车(反）get on 上车
【2012江苏徐州】Don’t forget to take your bag when you ___ the bus.
A. get off
B. take off
C. turn off
D. put off
【拓展】与get相关的短语：
get up起床get back回来；取回get over克服；度过
get on／along well with与……相处融洽get in a word插话get to到达【2013山东滨州4】32. —So many problems! I’m tired.
—You should try to them by yourself. You are not a child any longer.
A. get into
B. get off
C. get on
D. get over
【2013新疆乌鲁木齐2】27. If Ted can _______ his difficulties, he’ll make great progress.
A. come over
B. get over
C. get off
D. come out
14. But to his surprise, they all agreed to go with him.
但令他吃惊的是，所有的乘客都同意和他一起去医院。
【解析】surprise [s?'pra?z] ⑴v 使吃惊→surprising adj. 令人吃惊的
→surprised adj. 吃惊的
surprise sb
be surprised at 对……感到吃惊
be surprised + that从句因...而惊讶
Surprise ⑵ n 惊讶‖
to one’s surprise 使某人吃惊的是
in surprise 吃惊地
①__________________(使我吃惊的是），he got the first prize in the exam.
②We are ____________at the _____________news.(surprise)
( ) ③___his surprise, she succeeded in climbing up the high mountain.
A. At
B. To
C. In
D. On
【2011昭通】I was very surprised when the alien went into a souvenir shop.
A. excited
B. amazing
C. relaxing
D. amazed
【2012山东东营市4】19. The fans were ____ to know the death of their favorite singing star
Whitney Huston.
A. glad
B. angry
C. excited
D. surprised 【2013枣庄】88. I got home for my birthday from my college on Friday evening. No one was
at home, and Mom and Dad hadn’t left me a note. This made me _________.
A. surprised
B. happy
C. angry
D. excited
【解析2】agree v→ (反)disagree – agreement n同意
(1) agree with sb. 同意某人I agree with you.
(2)agree to do sth 同意做某事
①—Do you agree with him?
—No, I ___________ (agree ) with him.
( ) ②—I think English is more useful than Chinese.
—I don’t ____ you. They are both useful.
A. get on with
B. catch up with
C. talk with
D. agree with
15. Thanks to Mr. Wang and the passengers , the doctor saved the man in time.
多亏了王先生和乘客的帮助，医生及时挽救了那位老人的生命。
【解析1】thanks to 对亏；由于
⑴thanks to为习语介词，thanks不可以改为thank you，to后也不接动词原形，
这个短语表示原因，意为―由于‖、―多亏‖，to表示感谢的对象
⑵thanks for ，意为―因……而感谢‖，for强调为何而感谢，其后可接名词或
v-ing
thanks相当于thank you ，
【2013黑龙江绥化】23. ________ the teacher, I’ve made great progress.
A. Thank you
B. Thanks
C. Thanks lot 【2013呼和浩特】74. _____ her husband，she has now become a famous film star.
A. Because
B. Thanks to
C. Thanks for
D. With the help
【短语】at times=sometimes 有时have a good time 玩得高兴
have time =be free 有空all the time 一直
at the same time 同时by the time 到……时候
for the first time 第一次
【句型】It’s time to do sth =It’s time for sth 是该做某事的时间了
It takes sb. some time to do sth 做某事花费某人多长时间s
【湖北岳阳】I knew it was impossible for me __________(按时上班) when I missed the last bus.
【山东东营】Tom didn’t go to school _____ this morning because he overslept.
A. at once
B. on time
C. by accident
D. at present 【2013湖北黄石4】The teacher hope all of us can hand ____ our homework ____ time every day.
A. up ; in
B. out; on
C. on; in
D. in ; on
16. But the driver didn’t think about himself.
但是这位司机完全没有考虑他自己。
【解析】think about 考虑；认为
【短语】：think about 考虑think of 想起think over 仔细考虑
think up = come up with 想出
【谚语】Think before you act 三思而后行
( )①We need______________(想出) a plan.
( )②My mother came up with a good idea which we all agreed to.
A. thought about
B. thought up
C. thought hard
17. Bus No.26 hit an old man on Zhonghua Road
26路公共汽车在中华路上撞到了一位老人
【解析】hit/hit/v. (hit/hit/)( 用手或器具）击；打
hit sb. 击中/撞到某人The ball hit him in the face.
18.Do you agree that people often do not help others because they do not want to get
into trouble?
人们常常不去帮助别人是因为他们不想惹麻烦。
【解析】trouble/'tr?bl/n .问题；苦恼
get into trouble造成麻烦（或烦恼）
be in trouble 处于困境中
have trouble （in) doing sth做某事有困难
【2012大理】That is a monkey on his back. Let’s help him.
A. He has a monkey
B. He likes playing with the monky
C. He is in trouble
D. He is good at studying
19. Jenny cut herself . 珍妮伤着自己了
【解析】herself/h3:(r)'self/pron. (she 的反身代词）她自己
【解析】反身代词
(1)反身代词的构成
◆一、二人称的反身代词
◆第三人称的反身代词
(2)反身代词的常见搭配：
enjoy oneself=have fun =have a good time玩得高兴
teach ones elf=learn …by oneself 自学
by oneself =alone 独自
help oneself to 随便吃
introduce oneself to 自我介绍
(3)反身代词必须与主语保持人称的一致。
【温州3】4. —I’ll have a tennis game tomorrow. I’m a little bit nervous.
—Believe in ______ . You’re the best in our club.
A. herself
B. myself
C. yourself
D. himself 【聊城2】28. ------ Jim, please help ______ to some bread .
------ Thank you.
A. himself .
B. yourself .
C. herself
D.myself. 【广东八地市4】27. Boys, don’t lose____ in playing Angry Birds. It is bad for your eyes to
play computer games for a long time.
A. himself
B. yourself
C. themselves
D. yourselves 【2013山东聊城】28. — Jim, please help ______ to some bread . —- Thank you.
A. himself .
B. yourself .
C. herself
D. myself
20. Did you fall down ?你跌倒了吗？
【解析】fall → fell → fallen v 落下；跌落
fall down 摔倒，（强调“滑倒，摔倒”，指失去平衡而摔倒，后接宾
语时，应加上介词from She fell down from her bike
fall off 指从某物上跌落下来。
The girl fell off the bike. = The girl fell down from the b ike.
fall into 落入The leaf fell into the river.
fall behind 落后
fall in love with sb. 爱上某人
fall asleep 入睡
( ) It’s not easy for Linda to _____ last night, because she was too excited.
A. go to bed
B. fall asleep
C. fall into
D. fall over
【2013湖北武汉】35. —What does the instruction say?
—The colors in the dress will _______ if you use hot water.
A. fall
B. appear
C. run
D. shine
Section B
1.Someone felt sick. 有人生病了。
【解析】feel sick 生病；不舒服
sick /ill adj. 生病的
(1) sick adj.“生病的”，既可放be (系动词)后作表语，
也可放n.前作定语。
be sick of …“讨厌；厌恶……”
sick person = patient“病人”
(2) ill adj.“生病的”，只能放be (系动词)后作表语，
be ill in hospital 生病住院
ill → illness n.“病；疾病”
①I think her (ill) is very serious. 我认为她的病是很严重。( ) ②The ___ girl was sent to hospital by her mother yesterday.
A. sick
B. ill
C. good
D. well
2.Aron Ralston is an American man who is interested in mountain climbing.
阿伦. 罗尔斯是一名热爱登山运动的美国人。
【解析1】who 引导的定语从句
定语从句：
定义：用一个句子来修饰前面的名词或代词的句子，叫做定语从句。
先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词。
定语从句必须放在先行词之后。
关系词：引导定语从句的连词叫做关系词，关系词分为关系代词和关系副词。He is the boy who/that often helps me.
who 指人，在定语从句中作主语
【2013吉林】5. —Do you know the little boy _______ is helping the old man cross the road?
—No. But how nice he is!
A. which
B. who
C. whom
【解析2】be interested in
interest⑴n 兴趣→interesting adj. 令人有兴趣的（表语/定语）
→interested adj. 对……感兴趣（只做表语）
⑵interest v. 引起……关注；使……感兴趣
be interested in sth./ doing sth.对……变得感兴趣
= show great interest in sth. / doing sth.表现出对……的极大兴趣;
(1) take/have an interest in =be interested in 对……感兴趣
(2) places of interest 名胜lose interest in 失去兴趣
( )This book is very _____ and I am ____ in it.
A. interest; interest
B. interesting; interested
C. interested; interested
D. interested; interested
【2013贺州】48. This movie wasn’t ______. He fell asleep half way through it.
A. interesting enough
B. enough interesting
C. interested enough
D. enough interested
【2013宁波】109. —What fun The Croods is!
—Yeah! I like the movie, too. It's so_______.
A. boring
B. scary
C. interesting
D. sad
3.As a mountain climber, Aron is used to taking risks.
作为一名登山者，阿伦习惯于冒险。
【解析1】as prep，"作为"，"以……身份"。
【2013淄博】7. ___ a teacher, Mr. Wang thinks it's very important to teach the students how to learn.
A. From
B. With
C. As
D. Of
【解析2】be used to (doing)习惯于（做）；适应于（做）
【用法】(1) use v.使用→useful adj. 有用的use up 用完
Studying English is__________(use).
(2) use sth to do sth 用某物做某事
We use Internet __________(find) information.
(3) used to do sth 过去常常做某事，表示过去做过的事现在已经不做，
只用于过去时态。
I used to get up at six.
(4) be /get used to doing sth 习惯于做某事
My grandpa is used ___________(live) in country.
(5) be used to do sth 被用来做某事=be used for doing sth
Stamps is used ____________(post) letters.
【记】He used to wear glasses . But now he is used to wearing contact lenses.
他以前常戴（框架）眼镜，但现在习惯戴隐形眼镜。
【2013湖北随州】33. –How does Jack usually go to work?
—He ______ drive a car, but now he ______ there to lose weight.
A. used to; is used to walk
B. was used to; is used to walking
C. was used to; is used to walk
D. used to; is used to walking
【2013四川雅安】20. My parents getting up early on weekdays
A. used to
B. be used to
C. was used to
D. are used to 【2013黑龙江龙东】30. She live with her grandparents , but she doesn’t now.
A. used to
B. is used to
C. was used to
【2013贵州安顺】18. She ____ live alone. But she _____ living alone because she feels lonely.
A. used to; doesn’t used to
B. is used to; was used to
C. used to; is not used to
D. was used to; doesn’t used to
3. This is one of the exciting things about doing dangerous sports.
做危险的运动时令人兴奋的事情之一
【解析】one of …......之一
【结构】“one of + the +adj.最高级+n 复数”，做主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。
One of the most popular colors is red in China.
【2011曲靖中考】A good book may be one of your best __________(friend). 【2011曲靖中考】Qujing is one of ____ cities in Yunnan , and has attracted many people living and working here.
A. the largest
B. the large
C. larger
D. largest
【重庆市2012】－What do you think of the film you saw yesterday?
－Oh! It’s one of ______ films I’ve ever seen.
A. interesting
B. more interesting
C. most interesting
D. the most interesting
【2013漳州】19. —Do you know Lin Shuhao?
—Yes. He is one of _______ basketball players in the NBA.
A. popular
B. more popular
C. the most popular
4.There were many times when Aron almost lost his life because of accidents.
很多次阿伦因为出事故几乎丧命。
【解析1】almost / nearly
almost和nearly作为副词,都可以译为“差不多”、“几乎”、“将近”等。都是程度副词,可
以用来修饰形容词、副词、动词和名词,有时它们可以相互取代
【解析2】lose → lost→lost v 失去
lose one’s life 失去生命
【解析3】because of 由于；因为
【拓展】because/because of
【注】：(1) because of +n/ving /代词宾格(用于句中)
She’s worried because of her son.
(2) because conj +从句（引导原因状语从句）
He didn’t go to school yesterday because he was ill.
(3) because 还可以回答why 引导的句子
—Why do you like pandas?
—Because they are cute.
(4) because 和so 不能一起连用，二者只能用其一。
( )①We couldn’t drink the milk ___ it was too hot.
( )②He can’t go to school ______illness.
( )③The old man was too tired ______ doing the farm work.
A. because B .because of C. instead D. instead of
【2013.宜宾】Mo Yan’s books have been sold out in many book stores ___ his winning of the Nobel Literature Prize.
A. because
B. since
C. as
D. because of
5.On April 26,2003, he found himself in a very dangerous situation when climbing
in Utah.
2003年4月26日，阿伦在犹他州登山的时候，发现自己处于一个极其危险的状态。
【解析1】on 修饰具体的某一天
on a Sunday morning; on Friday
【2013大连】 19.In America,people start celebrating the New Year _____ 31st December.
A.in
B.at
C.on
D.for
【2013梅州】29.—When did the earthquake in Lushan happen?
—It happened ____ 8:02 ______ the morning of April 20, 2013.
A. on; in
B. at; in
C. at; on
D. on; on
【解析2】find →found →found v寻找
(1) find sb. doing sth 发现某人做某事
(2) find it + adj. + to do sth 发现做某事很……
◆find it difficult/ hard to do sth 发现做某事很困难
( ) She found ___ hard to finish the work by herself.
A. that
B. it’s
C. it
D. this
6.On that day, Aron’s arm was caught under a 2,000 –kilo rock that fell on him
when he was climbing by himself in the mountains.
那天，阿伦在独自登山的时候，他的手臂被掉在他身上的2000多斤的岩石压住了。
【解析】by oneself= alone = on one’s own adj. 单独的，指无人陪伴的客观事实，不带感情色彩。
( ) He did the work all by himself.
A. already
B. together
C. alone
D. lonely
【2013广州2】18. The man called his professor for help because he couldn’t solve the problem by ___.
A. herself
B. himself
C. yourself
D. themselves
7.But when his water ran out, he knew that he would have to do something to save
his own life. 但是当他的水也用完的时候，他意识到他必须做些什么去挽救他自己的生命。
【解析1】run →ran →run v跑
run out of =use up 用完
【区别】：run out of 其主语通常是人
run out 其主语通常是物
【短语】：run across 偶然遇见run after 追求，追逐
run away 逃跑run at 向…..冲去
【2012广西玉林】Yesterday I used up all the salt to cook dumpings. I need to buy some now .
A. ate up
B. run out of
C. ran of
D. ran out of
【2012曲靖中考】28. His father gave him a lot of money last week, but he has run out of it. Now he’s asking me for help.
A. finished running
B. spent
C. run outside
D. gone out
【解析2】own①adj. 自己的
②v拥有→owner n 所有者，物主
one’s own 某人自己的
of one’s own /one’s own +n 某人自己的(one’s 要用adj. 物主代词代替)
I want to have a big house of my own.
【2012四川南充3】They can wear clothes ____.
A. themselves
B. they own
C. their own
8.Then , with his left arm, he bandaged himself so that he would not lose too much
blood. 然后，他用左手给自己绑上绷带，以至于不流太多的血
【解析1】so that 以便，为了引导目的状语从句,
从句常出现情态动词may/ might .can/ could等，
The boy spoke loudly so that everyone could hear him clearly.
为了能赶上车，她起得很早。(目的状语从句)
【2012广东河源】The teacher speaks very loudly ____ all the students can hear her.
A. so that
B. because
C. since
D. when
9.This means being I a difficult situation that you cannot seem to get out of .
【解析1】mean→meant →meant v意味着→meaning n意思
(1)mean doing sth. 意味着做某事
(2)mean to do sth. 打算做某事
【拓展】询问“......的意思”的常用句型：
What does ... mean?
What is the meaning of...?
①I mean _________ tomorrow.(go)
( )②What d o you think “joy” ______?
A. meant
B. means
C. meaning
D. mean
【解析2】get out of 离开，从……出来
【拓展】与get 相关的短语：
get up起床get to到达get back 返回
get on 上车get off 下车get on with 与……友好相处；
10.In this book, Aron tells of the importance of making good decision , and of being
in control of one’s life. 在这本书里，阿伦讲述了好好做出决定以及掌握自己命运的重要性。
【解析1】important adj. 重要的（反）unimportan→importance n 重要性
①My parents have taught me ____________(…..的重要性)of working hard.
②Anyone can see the ____________(important) of good health.
【解析2】decide v决定→-decision n决定
(1)decide to do sth= make up one’s mind to do sth 决定做某事
(2)make a decision 做决定
①Tom decided _________________(study) English well.
②The next morning Alice made a _________(decide).She would tell her mother the
truth.
( ) ③My brother makes up his mind to study medicine.
A. decided
B. needs
C. decides
D. has
【四川南充】The classroom was so dirty . I decided ____.
A. clean it up
B. to clean it up
C. clean up it
【解析3】be in control of 掌管；管理
11.His love for mountain climbing is so great that he kept on climbing mountains
even after this experience. 他是如此的热爱爬山甚至与经历这次事故之后，他仍然继续爬山。
【解析1】so …that 如此…..以致……
―So +adj.+ that‖ “如此……以至……‖引导结果状语从句
so后面接形容词、副词
He was so strong that he could lift the heavy bag.
【2012江苏镇江】Some word puzzles in this book are ____ difficult that ____ students can solve them.
A. such; few
B. such; little
C. so; few
D. so; little
【解析2】keep on (doing sth) 继续或坚持做某事,但是中间有间断We must keep on working hard in the coming new year.
12.Do we have the same spirit as Aron?
我们有阿伦那种精神吗？
【解析】the same … as…和......一样
be not the same as = be different from 与......不同
( ) 【2013云南中考】My new mobie phone is different from Jennifer’s .
A. not the same as
B. all the same as
C. worse than
D. diffiult to
13.Let’s think about it before we find ourselves “between a rock and a hard place” ,
and before we have to make a decision that could mean life or death.
在我们发现自己处于“进退两难”之前好好想想这个问题，我们一旦做出决定就意味着生或死。
【解析】die v. →（延续性动词）be dead 死，死亡→death n. 死，死亡→dead adj. 死的→dying adj. 将死的
【2012曲靖中考】-- The national hero Wu Bin , a bus driver, hardly had time to
think about himself when in danger.
-- Yes, His ____ is starting to make people think a lot.
A. die
B. death
C. dead
D. died
14.Aron loves mountain climbing and doesn’t mind taking risks.
阿伦热爱登山，不介意冒险。
【解析】mind v 介意n 头脑，想法，记忆
【短语】make up one’s mind 下定决心never mind 不要紧
change one’s mind 改变主意keep … in mind 记住……
【句型】Would you mind doing sth 你介意做某事吗？
( ) ①Would you mind ____more slowly? I can’t follow you.
A. speak
B. spoke
C. spoken
D. speaking
( ) ②—Sorry, sir, I made a mistake again.
—_____ . Practice more and you will do better.
A. Never mind
B. I’m not sure
C. You’re welcome
D. Don’t mention it 【2013浙江宁波】—Would you mind turning down the music?
—_________.
A. Not at all
B. Never mind
C. Yes, I will
D. No, I don’t mind
15.Aron did not give up after the accident and keeps on climbing mountains today.
那次事故之后，阿伦并没有放弃登山，他现在仍然继续登山。
【解析】give up 放弃
give up doing sth=stop doing sth 放弃做某事
【2013江苏泰州】()13. — It's too hard for me to be a trailwalker.
— Never ________. Believe in yourself!
A. put up
B. give up
C. hurry up
D.
look up
【2013江苏连云港】11. It was a difficult time for the quake－hit victims in Ya'an, but they didn't ________ hope.
A. give up
B. give off
C. give in
D. give out
【2013浙江温州】8. Andrea Bocelli never , which makes him a successful singer.
A. takes away
B. gives away
C. gets up
D. gives up
【2013山东德州】Although many great people ever failed, they never____and managed to succeed.
A. set out
B. stayed up
C. kept on
D. gave up
【2013安徽】48. The people in Ya'an have met lots of difficulties, but they haven’t __________hope.
A. picked up
B. given up
C. looked for
D. waited for
Unit 1 What’s the matter?
重点短语
1.have a fever 发烧
2. have a cough 咳嗽
3. have a toothache 牙疼
4. talk too much 说得太多
5. drink enough water 喝足够的水
6. have a cold 受凉;感冒
7. have a stomachache 胃疼
8. have a sore back 背疼
9. have a sore throat 喉咙痛
10. lie down and rest 躺下来休息
11. hot tea with honey 加蜂蜜的热茶
12. see a dentist 看牙医
13. get an X-ray 拍X 光片
14. take one’ s temperature 量体温
15. put some medicine on sth. 在……上面敷药
16. feel very hot 感到很热
17. sound like 听起来像
18. all weekend 整个周末
19. in the same way 以同样的方式
20. go to a doctor 看医生
21. go along 沿着……走
22. on the side of the road 在马路边
23. shout for help 大声呼救
24. without thinking twice 没有多想
25. get off 下车
26. have a heart problem 有心脏病
27. to one’ s surprise 使....... [京讶的
28. thanks to 多亏了；由于
29. in time 及时
30. save a life 挽救生命
31. get into trouble 造成麻烦
32. right away 立刻；马上
33. because of 由于
34. get out of 离开;从……出萍
35. hurt oneself 受伤
36. put a bandage on sth. 用绷带包扎
37. fa ll down 摔倒
38. feel sick 感到恶心
39. have a nosebleed 流鼻血
40. cut his knee 割伤他的膝盖
41. put her head back 把她的头向后仰
42. have problems breathing 呼吸困难
43. mountain climbing 登山运动
44. be used to doing sth. 习惯做某事
45. run out (of) 用完;用尽
46. so that 以便
47. so. . . that 如此… …以至于…
48. be in control of 掌管;管理
49. in a difficult situation 在闲境屮
50. keep on doing sth. 继续或坚持做某事
51. make a decision 做出决定
52. take risks 冒险
53. give up 放弃
1. Do you want to watch a game show? 【解析1】want =would like v 想要 want a go = have a try 试一试 (1) want sth 想要某物 I want a pen. (2) want to do sth 想要去做某事 I want to go home. (3) want sb to do sth = would like sb to do sth.想要某人做某事I really want __________________(去滑冰) today. ⑴The person who is the earliest will get what he or she_______(want). ⑵The driver wanted_____his car near the roadside but was asked by the police not to. A. park B. parked C. to park D. parking 【辨析】watch/read/see/look at “看” 法不同： ⑴watch 看电视、看比赛、看表演用; watch TV 看电视`1.—Where is your father? --He ________ the World Cup in the living room. A. is watching B. watches C. watched D. will watch The TV program Super Brain （最强大脑） is so fantastic that it is well worth____ ( watch) ⑵read 看书、看报、看杂志用。read the book 看书⑶see 看电影、看医生用。 see the doctor 看医生 ⑷look at 看黑板、看地图用。look at the blackboard 看黑板①______the picture. Can you see the man in the picture? He isn ’t ________ the book. He is ______TV.②_____ the board , child! Read the words on it after me. A. Look B. Look at C. See D. Watch 【解析3】show ⑴v 出示，展示 show sb. sth = show sth to sb. 向某人出示某物show sb. around someplace 带领某人参观⑵ n 演出；节目；表演 Lucy showed me her photos = Lucy showed the photos to me. be on show 正在展出fashion show 时装表演game show 游戏节目TV show 电视节目talent show 才艺表演talk show 脱口秀；谈话节目 sports show 体育节目 ①Zhang Xuan showed me her photos and gave me one yesterday. A. passed me B. brought me C. let me see D. made me take. ②I used to _______ with my wife and watch TV movies at home. A. show up B. wake up C. come up D. stay up 2. — What do you think of talk show? 你认为访谈节目怎么样？—I don ’t mind them . 我不介意它们。【解析1】What do you think of …?= How do you like …？ 你觉得……怎么样？用来提问某人对某事的看法； 回答常用句型：I like …very much/ I don ’t like … /I can ’t stand … / I don ’t mind … 等。①— ____ do you think of the film? — Very interesting. A. What B. Who C. How ②— What do you think of soap operas? — ______. But my mother likes them. A. I like them B. I enjoy them C. I can ’t stand them D. I don ’t agree 【解析2】mind (1)v 介意，反对 (2) n 头脑，想法，记忆 【句型1】mind doing sth Do you mind opening the door? ①— What do you think of bananas? —I don ’t mind _____. A. it B. them C. their D. its ②Excuse me , would you mind ____ your voices down, please? A. to keep B. keeping C. keep D. kept 【句型2】--Would you mind (one ’s) doing sth? 你介意做某事吗？(用于委婉的询问或请求别人做某事) 【否定】would you mind not doing sth? 【否定回答】①如果不介意（同意）: 意思是“允许 对方做某事”Oh, no, please/Not at all/Of course not /Certainly not 【肯定回答】②如果介意（不同意）：意思则是“不让对方做某事Please don ’t …请不要…/ Better not, please 请最好不要……/ I ’m sorry, but ……/You ’d better not.(2) n 思想，主意 ①change one ’s mind 改变某人的主意never mind 不要紧 ②make one ’s mind to do sth = decide to do sth 下决心做 某事 The day before yesterday, he made up his mind _ __ (lose) weight. (3). mind sb./形容词性物主代词+doing sth. 介意某人做某事I ’m trying to sleep . Would you mind _____the music? (调低）①—Would you mind ____ the music a little? Don ’t you think it ’s too loud? —Sorry! I ’ll do it in a minute. A. turning on B. turning off C. turning up D. turning down ②—Would you mind ______ in the dining hall?—Of course not. A. not to smoke B. not smoking C. smoke D. not smoke ③—Would you mind_______ the window? It's very hot. —No, not at all. A. open B. to open C. opening ④—Would you mind not _____ noise? Alice is sleeping.—Sorry, I didn ’t know. I _____ she was awake.A. make ; think B. making; thought C. making; think D. make ; thought ⑤—It is getting cold. W ould you mind _____the window? —Of course not. A. closing B. to close C. closed 6. Because I hope to find out what ’s going on around world.因为我希望了解世界各地正在发生的事情。 【解析1】hope v / n 希望(1)hope to do sth. 希望做某事 I hope ______ (see) you again. (2)hope +that 从句I hope you may succeed (3)I hope so..我希望是这样(4)I hope not. 我希望不是这样
八年级历史下册教学计划 一、指导思想 以提高历史学科教学质量为中心，坚持教育创新。积极参与课程改革，探索新的课堂教学模式，全面实施素质教育。着眼于学生的发展。 二、教学目标 继续增强学生对历史的学习兴趣，使学生掌握重要的历史事件，历史人物，历史现象，理解重要的历史概念，把握不同历史时期的基本特征及其发展趋势。培养学生识图、读史料的分析能力，引导学生学会收集、整理和运用相关的历史学习材料，启发学生对历史事物进行想象、联想和分析、综合、比较、概括等认知活动。注重培养学生的创新意识，以及与他人合作和参与社会实践活动的能力。增强学生的民族自豪感和爱国主义情感，弘扬世界各民族的优秀文化。完成中国历史八年级下册的历史教学任务，争取平均分、优秀率、合格率都领先于我镇其他兄弟学校。 三、学生情况分析 八年级学生正处于感性认识向理性认识的过渡阶段，掌握了一定的历史基础知识、合作技巧及自主探究学习的能力，但大部分学生还没有掌握科学的学习方法，掌握的基础知识和基本能力也不扎实，。学生对历史较感兴趣，但学习的自觉性较差。 四、教材分析
本学期所授的内容是中国历史现代史部分。教科书由单元和课组成。每一个单元为一个学习主题，每一个学习主题下分若干课。本册共六个单元，共二十四课。由文化课和活动课两种课型组成，以课为单位。每课课文由提示、正文、阅读课文、图、表、资料、注释、以及课文中思考题和课后练习，活动建议等组成。其中正文紧扣教学大纲目标要求，可作为课堂教学应完成的基本任务。其余内容，可根据学生具体情况，提出不同的教学目标与要求。 五、教学措施 1、认真钻研新课程教学目标和要求，认真备好每节课，明确重点、难点，在传授知识的基础上，进行思想教育和能力培养。 2、广泛应用多媒体资源进行教学，教学方法要灵活多样，讲究教学技能和教学艺术，加强课堂教学的设计，增强趣味，幽默感。要充分运用多媒体、历史地理、图画、图表，积极创造条件，以教学的直观性，调动学生学习历史的积极性和兴趣。 3、增加课堂容量，精讲精练，减轻学生负担，提高课堂效率。 ４、教会学生学习方法。在上一个学期，我在指导学生自主学习上做得不够好，本学期我要教会学生学习历史的基本方法，在教学中注重改变学生的学习方式，从学生的实际出发，注意调动学生学习的积极性和创造性思维，使学生有举一反三的能力；注重发挥学生的主动性，发散学生的思维,注重综合能力的培养,有意识的培养学生的思维的严谨性及逻辑性,在教学中提高学生的思维素质。
2014年春季学期八年级英语下册目录Unit1 What’s the matter Unit2 I’ll help to clean up the city parks. Unit3 Could you please clean your room Unit4 Why don’t you talk to your parents Units 5 What were you doing when the rainstorm came Unit 6 An old man tried to move the mountains. Unit 7 What’s the highest mountain in the world
Unit8 Have you read Treasure Island yet Unit 9 Have you ever been to a museum Unit10 I’ve had this bike for three years. Unit1 What’s the matter Section A 1. What’ s the matter怎么啦出什么事情了【解析】matter/ ' m?t?(r)) /n.问题；事情What’ s the matter with you = What’s the trouble with you = What’ s wrong with you 你怎么了
【注】： matter 和trouble 为名词，其前可加the 或形容词性物主代词， wrong 是adj. 不能加the 【2013自贡3】18. —What’s the matter ______ Tom. He is wet through. —His car ran _______ the river. ; in ; into ; into 【用法】用于询问某人有什么病或某人遇到什么麻烦、问题其后跟询问对象时，与介词with连用。即： What’s the matter with sb. = What’s your trouble = What’s up = What happens to sb. — What’s the matter with you — I have a bad cold. ( ) ①What’s ____ with you
《八年级英语上册》课程纲要（新版）学校：二七区马寨一中 课程类型：初中英语必修 教学材料：人民教育出版社2013年出版的义务教育教科书八年级上册 授课时间：50课时左右 授课教师:霍苏亚刘坤贾宪淼 授课对象：马寨一中八年级学生 【课程总目标】： 1、明确自己的学习目标，对英语学习表现出较强的自信 心。 2、能在所设日常交际情景中听懂对话和小故事。 3、能就熟悉的生活话题交流信息和简单的意见。 4、能读懂短篇故事。 5、能写便条和简单的书信。 6、能尝试使用不同的教育资源，从口头和书面材料中提 取信息，扩展知识，解决简单的问题并描述结果。 7、能在学习中互相帮助，克服困难。 8、能合理计划和安排学习任务，积极探索适合自己的学 习方法。 在学习和日常交际中能注意到中外文化的差异。 一、课程内容：
《中学英语课程标准》从知识与技能、方法与过程、情感与态度等对课程总目标作出了进一步的阐述。下就八年级上册各单元，将目标及课时划分定位如下：Unit1 Where did you go on vacation? 单元目标： 通过学习，要让学生掌握本单元词汇和句型，并能熟练应用，提高口语交际能力。除此之外，还要培养学生多参与集体活动的习惯，提高孩子们的合作意识。 单元重难点： 重点：学会用过去时的时态表达过去的活动。 难点: 动词过去式的写法 课时划分：(共5课时) 1.SectionA(2课时) 2.SectionB（2课时） 3.Self check（1课时） Unit2 How often do you exercise? 单元目标： 掌握频率副词的用法，学会谈论人们业余时间常做的事情以及做事的频率。并学会关心他人。 单元重难点： 重点：短语及句型的运用。 难点：写作的练习，特别是第三人称的表达。 课时划分：(共5课时) 1.SectionA(2课时)
【教材分析】 人教版八年级历史下册教材分析 一、说教材内容： 八年级下册这本书所讲述的内容为中华人民共和国国史，中华人民共和国史开始于1949年10月1日中华人民共和国成立，也是社会主义革命和社会主义建设的历史，史学界又称为中国现代史。 在这五、六十年的历史中，中国共产党领导全中国人民在社会主义道路上不断探索，不断前进，取得了举世瞩目的伟大建设成就，也经历了艰难曲折的过程。历史课程标准按照新 二课标的三维目标作了如下要求： l、知识与能力方面。掌握基本的历史知识，包括重要的历史人物、历史事件和历史现象，以及重要的历史概念和历史发展的基本线索。在掌握基本历史知识的过程中，逐步形成正确的历史时空概念。初步具备阅读、理解和通过各种途径获取并处理历史信息的能力，形成用口头或书面表述历史问题的表达能力。形成丰富的历史想象力和知识迁移能力，逐步了解一定的归纳、分析和判断的逻辑方法，初步形成在独立思考的基础上得出结论的能力。 2、过程与方法。注重探究式学习，勇于从不同角度提出问题，学习解决历史问题的一些基本方法；乐于同他人合作，共同探讨问题，交流学习心得；积极参加各种社会实践活动，学习运用历史的眼光来分析历史与现实问题，培养对历史的理解力。 3、情感态度与价值观。通过学习中国现代史，使学生逐步了解中国国情，理解并热爱中华民族的优秀文化传统，形成对祖国历史与文化的认同感，初步树立国家民族的历史责任感和历史使命感，培养爱国主义情感，逐步树立为祖国的社会主义现代化建设、人类和平与进步事业做贡献的人生理想。形成健全的人格和健康的审美情趣，确立积极进取的人生态度，坚强的意志和团结合作的精神，增强承受挫折、适应生存环境的能力，为树立正确的世界观、人生观和价值观打下良好的基础。 三教材重难点 本学期所授的内容是中国历史现代史部分。教科书由单元和课组成。每一个单元为一个学习主题，每一个学习主题下分若干课。本册共七个单元，共二十一课。由文化课和活动课两种课型组成，以课为单位。每课课文由提示、正文、阅读课文、图、表、资料、注释、每课一得以及课文中思考题和课后练习，活动建议等组成。其中正文紧扣教学大纲目标要求，可作为课堂教学应完成的基本任务。其余内容，可根据学生具体情况，提出不同的教学目标与要求。重点：开国大典、抗美援朝、《中华人民共和国土地改革法》、一五计划、三大改造、中共八大、文化大革命、十一届三中全会、对内改革对外开放、邓小平、
八年级英语教学中的重点难点分析 八年级教学较之初一有很大的不同之处,首先初二年级的教材形式上发生了变化。初一的课本共有12个单元。而初二只有10个单元，并且多了阅读理解部分。其次初二年级的语法知识点增多，难度也有所提高，对学生的口语表达能力和阅读能力都有新的要求，这就对教师的要求有了新的提高。 一、教师在教学的过程中首先要把握重难点。我认为这是教学中对教师最重要的要求。如果无法很好的把握重难点。则会对重点知识的讲授蜻蜓点水，导致学生也无法分清重难点。学生在学习的过程中把大量的时间花费在零散知识上，而忽视了重之之重。教师为了更好的把握重难点就要认真的研读教材，仔细研究教学参考，并且做好教学反思，从同学们的错误中反馈自己的失误，不断地摸索和探索。 二、其次语法讲解一定要清楚，透彻。在讲解重点语法的过程中，教师要多举例子，并且要学生造句子，不能光停留在枯燥，抽象的讲解过程中。 三、应加强学生的对话强度，鼓励不开口说英语的学生开口。有些学生是对自己不自信，是因为曾经对话的过程中，出现失误却被老师尖刻的言语刺伤，所以当学生出现错误的
时候应微笑着让他坐下，然后再纠正错误。有些同学的对话可能会脱离现实生活，但只要开口说英语就要鼓励。 四、在教学过程中应以学生为主体。整个课堂是学生在开口说而不是老师在干巴巴的讲授。尤其是教材的最后一部分，阅读部分。要使同学们在默读的前提下做课本上要求的练习题，也可以确定几个话题，学生用英语进行讨论，锻炼他们用英文思考的能力，运用所学语言的能力。课文部分教材给出了一篇文章然后学生进行阅读，并且每篇文章后面都有若干个问题，在这一部分一定要让学生在默读的前提下独立完成回答问题。锻炼他们的应试能力。
Unit3 I’m more outgoing than my sister. 课文重难点讲解 【教师寄语】Living without an aim is like sailing without a compass. -- John Ruskin 生活没有目标，犹如航海没有罗盘。-- 罗斯金 Section A 1. I’m more outgoing than my sister. 我比我妹妹更外向。 【解析】outgoing [a?tg????] adj.对人友好的，开朗的； （比较级：more outgoing, 最高级most outgoing） ( ) Jason is _____ than most of kids in my class. He is very active. A. outgoing B. more outgoing C. much outgoing D. the most outgoing 2. But you can tell that Lisa Practiced a lot more and really wanted to win. 但是你可以说莉萨练习得跟多并真的想获胜。 【解析】win vi.. 获胜,成功 【拓展】beat 和win （1）beat 是及物动词 后接比赛、战斗、辩论等的对手，可以是人或集体。 I can beat you at swimming.在游泳方面我能击败你 （2）win既是及物动词 又是不及物动词 但是作及物动词时， 后面一般接后接比赛、战斗、辩论、奖品、钱等，可以是事或者物。 Which team do you think will win the basketball match this time? 你认为哪个队会在这次篮球赛中取胜呢？ 【记】We won the match and we beat them by the score of 5 to 3. ①The girls ________the boys in yesterday’s match. ②He decided to ________the match. ( ) ③They didn’t _____ the basketball match. We ___ them 24-20. A. win; beat B. beat; win C. win; win D. beat; beat 【2014浙江宁波】Jenny , you should practice as often as you can ___ the piano competition. A.fail B.to fail C.win D.to win 【2014四川绵阳】19. —Which singer do you think ____ the Voice of China? —I'm not sure. There are still 3 rounds to come. A. won B. has won C. will win D. Wins 3.【解析】quiet adj 安静的→quietly [kwa??tl?] adv 轻声地 【记】She said to me quietly that I should be quiet.
八年级物理下册重点知识点总结 八年级物理下册重点知识点总结 一、力 1、定义：力是物体对物体的作用。单位：牛顿，简称：牛，符号是 2、三要素：力的大小、方向、作用点叫做力的三要素 3、作用效果: ①力可以改变物体的运动状态 ②力可以使物体发生形变
二、弹力 1、定义：物体由于发生弹性形变而产生的力。 2、方向：跟形变的方向相反。 3、弹簧测力计的原理：在弹性限度内，弹簧的伸长与所受到的拉力成正比。 三、重力 1、定义：由于地球的吸引而使物体受到的力叫做重力。 2、大小：G=g g=9.8N/g。 3、方向：竖直向下。
4、作用点：在物体的重心。 四、牛顿第一定律和惯性 1、牛顿第一定律：一切物体在没有受到外力作用时，总保持匀速直线运动状态或静止状态。 2、惯性：一切物体保持原有运动状态不变的性质叫做惯性。惯性只与物体的质量有关，与物体的运动状态无关。 3、力是改变物体运动状态的原因，惯性是维持物体运动的原因。 五、二力平衡 1、一个物体在两个力作用下，如果能保持静止状态或匀速直线运动状态，这两个力叫二力平衡。
2、二力平衡的条件：作用在同一物体上的两个力，大小相等，方向相反，并且在同一直线上。 六、摩擦力 1、定义：相互接触的两个物体发生相对运动（趋势）时，在接触面产生一种阻碍相对运动（趋势）的力叫摩擦力。方向：与物体相对运动趋势方向相反。 2、产生的条件：①两物接触并挤压；②接触面粗糙；③将要发生或已经发生相对运动。 3、决定摩擦力大小的因素：物体间的压力大小和接触面的粗糙程度。摩擦有静摩擦、滑动摩擦和滚动摩擦。 4、（1）增大摩擦的方法：①增大压力；②增大接触面的粗糙程度； ③变滚动为滑动。（2）减小摩擦的方法：①减少压力；②减小接触面的粗糙程度；③变滑动为滚动；④加润滑油。
第1课中国人民站起来了 1、时间地点：1949年9月在北平举行，会议通过了《中国人民政治协商会议共同纲领》。 2、容：（1）选举中华人民国中央人民政府委员会，选举为中央人民政府主席；（2）大会决定以五星红旗为国旗，以《义勇军进 行曲》为国歌，以北平（）为首都，采用公元纪年；（3）决定在首都广场建立一座人民英雄纪念碑。 3、开国大典：1949年10月1日。 4、新中国成立的意义：中华人民国的成立开辟了中国历史新纪元。从此，中国结束了一百多年被侵略被奴役的屈辱历史，真正成 为独立自主的国家；中国人民从此站起来了，成为国家的主人。新中国的成立，壮大了世界和平、和社会主义力量，鼓舞了世界被压迫民族和被压迫人民争取解放的斗争。 第一届政协会议以《义勇军进行曲》为国歌的原因：①《义勇军进行曲》诞生于抗日战争时期，曾经激励了无数中华儿女奋起抗日。②以这首歌曲为国歌，能够时刻激励中国人民居安思危，继承传统，奋发图强 5、和平解放：（1）时间：1951年。（2）历史意义：标志着祖国大陆获得了统一，各族人民实现了大团结。 第2课最可爱的人 1、爱的人指中国人民志愿军，1950年10月到1953年7月（1950年6月朝鲜战爆发），以德怀为司令员的中国人民志愿军开赴 朝鲜前线，同朝鲜军民一起抗击美国侵略者。 2、战斗英雄黄继光（上甘岭战役）、邱少云。 3、抗美援朝战争是正义的、反侵略战争，在朝鲜战场上中国军队五战五捷，把美国侵略军赶回到“三八线”。1953年7月美国被迫 在停战协定上签字，中国人民志愿军凯旋而归。 4、抗美援朝胜利的原因：①党的英明决策和正确指挥；②全国人民的大力支援；③志愿军和朝鲜人民的英勇奋斗。 第3课土地改革 1、原因：①旧的封建土地制度严重阻碍了农村经济和中国社会的发展；②新解放区的广大农民迫切要求进行土地改革，获得土地。 2.、时间地点容：1950年，中央人民政府颁布了《中华人民国土地改革法》，它规定：废除地主阶级封建剥削的土地所有制，实行 农民的土地所有制。到1952年底，除部分少数民族以外，全国大陆基本上完成了土地改革。 3、意义：土地改革的完成，彻底摧毁了我国存在两千多年的封建土地制度，地主阶级被消灭；农民翻了身，得到了土地，成为土 地的主人。这使人民政权更加巩固，也大大解放了农村生产力，农业生产获得迅速恢复和发展，为国家的工业化建设准备了条件。 第4课工业化起步 1、第一个五年计划（1953年~1957年）的任务：主要是集中发展重工业，建立国家工业化和国防现代化的初步基础；相应地发展 交通运输业、轻工业、农业和商业；相应地培养建设人才。 2、背景：新中国成立后，经过三年的经济恢复，国民经济得到根本好转，工业生产已经超过历史最好水平。但我国的工业发展水平仍然远远落后于发达国家，甚至不如印度。（我国工业十分落后）
人教版八年级上英语重难点2014 Unit1 go on vacation去度假 have a good time =have a wonderful time =have a great time=have fun =enjoy oneself玩的愉快 have fun doing sth做…愉快 feel like doing sth.想要做某事 want to do sth. =would like to do sth.想要做某事 find out查明 take photos/take a photo /take pictures/take a picture拍照 up and down上上下下 so…that…如此…以至于…too…to…太…而不能… too much后加不可数名词，例如：too much water太多的水 too many后加可数名词复数，例如：too many books太多的书much too加形容词或副词如：much too big太大stay at home呆在家里 visit my uncle拜访我的叔叔 visit museums参观博物馆 go to Central Park去中央公园study for tests为测试而学习something interseting一些有趣的事情（something anything等不定代词放在形容词前last month上个月（week month year 等词前有了this that last next等词后，前面不加任何介词） most of the time大多数时间 buy sth. for sb. =buy sb. Sth.给某人买某物 go swimming去游泳 go skateboarding去进行滑板运动go camping去野营 keep doing sth 保持不停做某事 try to do sth尽力去做某事 try doing sth.试着去做某事 stop to do sth.停下来去做另一件事stop doing停止正在做的这件事the home of the Chinese traders 中国商人的家 decide to do sth.决定去做某事 enjoy doing sth.喜欢做某事 wait for sb.等待某人 arrive in后加大地点arrive at后加小地点arrive in Beijing=get to Beijing=reach Beijing到达北京 forget to do sth. 忘记去做某事（事情没有做） forget doing sth忘记做过某事（事情已经做了，但是忘记了） remember to do sth. 记着去做某事（事情还未做）remember doing sth. 忘记做过某事，事情已做了，但是忘记了） in the tree不属于树本身 on the tree属于树本身 in front of 在外部的前面 in the front of在内部的前面 enough water=water enough 足够的水（enough既可放在名词前，也可放在名词后） big enough足够大 （enough放在形容词或副词之后） a little heavy=a bit heavy =a little bit heavy有点重 a little water=a bit of water一点水seem加形容词“看起来” seem happy看起来幸福 seem to do sth.好像做某事 I seem to have a cold.我好像感冒了。Seem like好像It seems like a good idea.好像是个好主意。 difference名词，不同点 some difference一些不同点 different形容词，不同的，常用词组，be different from与…不同 nothing …but除…之外什么也没有because后跟一个句子，例如I was late for school,because I got up late. 而because of 后跟一个短语， because of the bad weather 因为这糟糕的天气 句式：How do you like the book? =What do you think of the book? 你觉得这本书怎么样？ Did you go with anyone? 你和别人一起去的吗？ Why don’t you go there?=Why not go there?为什么不去那里呢？ Did you buy anything special? 你买特别的东西了吗？ Everything tasted really good. 所有东西尝起来都很好。Everything was excellent.一切都很好！Long time no see!很久未见！ Unit2 how often多久一次
第七章力 1.力 重点：理解力的定义及力的作用效果是相互的；知道力的作用效果：改变物体的形状，改变物体的运动状态；会分析受力物体和施力物体。 难点：力的概念；物体间力的作用是相互的。 考点：力的作用效果。 2.力的描述 重点：了解力的三要素和力的单位，会用力的图示和示意图表示力。 难点：通过实验让学生总结出力的三要素；标准规范的作图。 考点：用力的图示和示意图表示力；分析物体受力情况。 3.弹力力的测量 重点：知道什么是弹力及弹力产生的条件；学会正确使用弹簧测力计；知道形变越大，弹力越大。 难点：通过观察和实验了解弹簧测力计的结构；通过自制弹簧测力计以及弹簧测力计的使用，掌握弹簧测力计的使用方法；相互作用力的关系。 考点：弹簧测力计的原理、使用及读数。 4.重力 重点：知道重力产生的原因；知道重力的大小和方向；了解重心的概念；会使用弹簧测力计测重力，会用公式G=mg计算重力。 难点：通过探究了解重力与质量的关系；尝试运用图像处理实验数据、根据图像研究实验的结论。 考点：重力大小的计算、重力方向的应用及画重力的示意图。 5.摩擦力 重点：知道摩擦现象，了解摩擦力；理解影响摩擦力大小的因素；了解生活、生产中利用和防止摩擦的实例以及增大和减小摩擦的途径。 难点：静摩擦的概念；探究摩擦力的大小与什么因素有关。 考点：影响摩擦力大小的因素；增大或减小摩擦力的方法。 第八章力与运动 1.力的合成 重点：知道分力和合力的概念，知道同一直线上二力合成的方法。 难点：同一直线上力的合成规律。 考点：同一直线上力的合成规律。 2.牛顿第一定律和惯性 重点：知道牛顿第一定律；知道惯性的概念，会用惯性解释现象。 难点：探究“不受力物体怎样运动”的推理过程，解释日常生活中与惯性有关的物理现象。考点：解释惯性现象；惯性的利用与危害的防止。 3.力的平衡 重点：知道力的平衡的概念；认识二力平衡的条件；学习应用二力平衡的知识分析问题。难点：力的平衡的概念。 考点：二力平衡的应用。 4.力与运动 重点：知道什么是物体运动状态的变化；了解物体运动状态改变的原因。 难点：通过实验探究，初步了解在力的作用下物体的运动状态将发生怎样的变化。
新目标八年级英语下册第十单元教学重难点学案Unit 10 It’s a nice day, isn’t it? 二. Language goals语言目标： 1. 学会与别人聊天（即make small talk）的交际方式。 2. 掌握反意疑问句的构成及应答。 party（宴会）violin（小提琴）tennis（网球） 3. 重点短语Key phrases small talk on the weekend opening question have a good day look through come along
thank－you note family dinner at least 4. 扩展短语Extended phrases a little hot（有点热）on Saturday night（在周六晚上） at this time（在这个时候）the traffic（交通） next week’s game（下周的比赛） 反意疑问句是初中阶段英语教学的重点和难点，而这部分内容在教材中又比较分散，有必要把分散的知识集中起来串讲，分块复习，各个击破以提高综合运用能力与应试能力。 （1）反意疑问句要点简述
反意疑问句又叫附加疑问句，是在陈述句后，对陈述句所叙述的事实提出的疑问。其基本结构有两种：一是“肯定陈述句＋简略否定问句”；二是“否定陈述句＋简略肯定问句”。反意疑问句的前后两部分在时态、人称和数上都要保持一致。 如： It looks like rain, doesn’t it? 5. 陈述句中含有not, no, hardly, neither, never, few, little, too …to等否定词或具有否定意义的词时，疑问部分常用肯定形式。如： Few people knew the news, did they? Tom has never been to England, has he?
中学仁爱版英语八年级上册重难点汇总 Unit 1 Playing Sports Topic 1 I’m going to play basketball 一．重点词语: the summer holidays 在暑假期间 2. between…and…在两者之间sb. on 为某人加油 4. prefer doing sth. 更喜欢做某事 a bit/a lot很多 6. plan to do sth. 计划做某事 skating/skiing/bicycling/climbing/hiking 去滑雪/滑冰/骑车/爬山/远足 in/at 到达9. play against…与……对抗/较量 10. leave for…动身去…’s national team中国国家队 least 至少good at 善于做某事 part in 参加over the world 全世界 good for 对……有益fit/healthy 保持健康 二．重点句型 1. What’s your favorite sport? = What sport do you like best? 你最喜爱的运动是什么? 2. Which sport do you prefer? = Which sport do you like better? 你更喜欢什么运动? I prefer skating. = I like skating better. 我更喜欢滑雪. Do you skate much? = Do you often skate? 你常滑雪吗? She spends at least half an hour in the gym every day. 每天她至少花半小时在体育馆. 3. Would you like to come and cheer us on ? 你愿意来为我们加油吗？ 4. What are you going to be when you grow up? 当你长大后做什么？ is going to be a school sports meet next month.下月有一场运动会。
八年级物理第二学期复习提纲 第七章力 一、力 1、力的概念：力是物体对物体的作用。 2、力的单位：牛顿，简称牛，用N 表示。力的感性认识：拿两个鸡蛋所用的力大约1N。 3、力的作用效果：一、力可以改变物体的形状，二、力可以改变物体的运动状态。 说明：物体的运动状态是否改变一般指：物体的运动快慢是否改变（速度大小的改变，比如：物体由静止到运动、物体由运动到静止、物体运动速度由快变慢、物体运动速度由慢变快。）和物体的运动方向是否改变，二者可以同时发生，也可以单独发生。如果物体的形状或运动状态发生改变，它一定受到了力的作用。 4、力的三要素：力的大小、方向、和作用点；它们都能影响力的作用效果。 5、力的示意图：用一根带箭头的线段把力的大小、方向、作用点表示出来，如果没有大小，可不表示,在同一个图中,力越大,线段应越长。 6、力产生的条件：①必须有两个或两个以上的物体。②物体间必须有相互作用（可以不接触）。 7、力的性质：物体间力的作用是相互的。 两物体相互作用时，施力物体同时也是受力物体，反之，受力物体同时也是施力物体。 物体间的相互作用力是同时产生的，没有先后之分。 只有一个物体不能产生力，要同时有两个物体，它们之间才有可能产生相互作用的力，也就是施力物体和受力物体要同时存在。 二、弹力 1、弹力 ①弹性：物体受力时发生形变，不受力时又恢复到原来的形状的性质叫弹性。 ②塑性：物体受力发生形变，形变后不能恢复原来形状的性质叫塑性。 ③弹力：物体由于发生弹性形变而受到的力叫弹力，弹力的大小与弹性形变的大小有关。 弹力产生的重要条件：①发生弹性形变；②两物体相互接触。 生活中的弹力：拉力、支持力、压力、推力； 2：弹簧测力计
2018年南湖中学 八年级207.209班历史下册教学计划 林怡 一、指导思想： 坚持教育创新，积极参与课程改革，探索新的课堂教学模式，全面实施素质教育，着眼于学生的发展。 二、学情分析 通过一个学期的教学，我所任教的八年级207.209班大部分学生的历史成绩有所提高，消灭了低分生，但是存在以下问题： ①有些学生有偏科思想，对历史学科认识不够，学习态度不端正。 ②部分学生求知欲不强，思维不灵活，学习兴趣不高，学习目的不明确。 ③有些学生学习主动性差。 ④有些学生综合分析归纳史实的能力低。 三、教学目标 继续加强学生对历史的学习兴趣的培养，使学生理解重要的历史事件，历 史人物，历史现象和历史概念，把握不同历史时期的基本
特征及其发展趋势。培养学生识图、读史料的分析能力，引导学生学会收集、整理和运用相关的历史学习材料，启发学生对历史事物进行想象、联想和分析、综合、比较、概括等认知活动。注重培养学生的创新意识，以及与他人合作和参与社会实践活动的能力。完成中国历史八年级下册的历史教学任务，争取平均分、优秀率、合格率都超过上学期。 四、教材分析 〈〈中国历史》八年级下册叙述了我国从中华人民共和国成立至今的历史，是中国 历史现代史部分。本册共七个单元，共二^一课。可根据学生具体情况，提出不同的教学 目标与要求。 1、教学重点： 中华人民共和国的成立与巩固；社会主义道路的探索；建设有中国特色的社会主义；国防建设与外交成就。 2、教学难点： 如何让学生理解新中国的建立以及社会主义建设道路的艰难历程以及新中国的曲折的外交历程。 五、本期提高教学质量的具体措施： 1、认真钻研教材，课程标准认真备课，耐心辅导。 2、充分利用各种课程资源，突出每一节课的重难点，以增强直 观感。