武汉大学2007-2008学年下学期《大学物理》期末考试（A 卷）
一、填空题（共27分） 1(本题3分)(5125)
一根无限长直导线通有电流I ，在P 点处被弯成了一个半径为R 的圆，且P 点处无交叉和接触，则圆心O 处的磁感强度 大小为_______________________________________，方向为 ______________________________． 2. (本题3分)(5134)
图示为三种不同的磁介质的B ~H 关系曲线，其中虚线表示的是B = μ0H 的关系．说明a 、b 、c 各代表哪一类磁介质的B ~H 关系曲线：
a 代表______________________________的B ~H 关系曲线．
b 代表______________________________的B ~H 关
系曲线．
c 代表______________________________的B ~H 关系曲线． 3. (本题3分)(2624)
一个中空的螺绕环上每厘米绕有20匝导线，当通以电流I =3 A 时，环中磁 场能量密度w =_____________ ．(μ 0 =4π×10-7 N/A 2) 4. (本题3分)(5161)
一平行板空气电容器的两极板都是半径为R 的圆形导体片，在充电时，板间电场强度的变化率为d E /d t ．若略去边缘效应，则两板间的位移电流为 ________________________． 5. (本题4分)(3177)
如图，在双缝干涉实验中，若把一厚度为e 、折射率 为n 的薄云母片覆盖在S 1缝上，中央明条纹将向__________移动；覆盖云母片后，两束相干光至原中央明纹O 处的光程差为__________________． 6. (本题3分)(4611)
某一波长的X 光经物质散射后，其散射光中包含波长________和波长 __________的两种成分，其中___________的散射成分称为康普顿散射． 7. (本题5分)(4203)
设描述微观粒子运动的波函数为),(t r
ψ，则*ψψ表示____________________________________________________________________； ),(t r
ψ须满足的条件是______________________________________；其归一化条 件是__________________________________________． 8. (本题3分)(4787)
在主量子数n =2，自旋磁量子数2
1
=s m 的量子态中，能够填充的最大电子
S
数是_________________．
二、选择题(共27分) 9 (本题3分) (2717)
距一根载有电流为3×104 A 的电线1 m 处的磁感强度的大小为 (A) 3×10-5 T ． (B) 6×10-3 T ． (C) 1.9×10-2T ． (D) 0.6 T ．
(已知真空的磁导率μ0 =4π×10-7 T ·m/A) ［ ］ 10. (本题3分)(2391)
一电子以速度v 垂直地进入磁感强度为B 的均匀磁场中，此电子在磁场中运动轨道所围的面积内的磁通量将
(A) 正比于B ，反比于v 2． (B) 反比于B ，正比于v 2．
(C)
正比于B ，反比于v ． (D) 反比于B ，反比于v ．
［ ］ 11 (本题3分)(2594)
有一矩形线圈AOCD ，通以如图示方向的电流I ，将它置于均匀磁场B 中，B 的方向与x 轴正方向一致，线圈平面与x 轴之间的夹角为α，α < 90°．若AO 边在y 轴上，且线圈可绕y 轴自由转动，则线圈将
(A) 转动使α 角减小．
(B) 转动使α角增大． (C) 不会发生转动．
(D) 如何转动尚不能判定． ［ ］ 12. (本题3分)(2314)
如图所示，M 、N 为水平面内两根平行金属导轨，ab 与cd 为垂直于导轨并可在其上自由滑动的两根直裸导线．外磁场垂直水平面向上．当外力使
ab 向右平移时，cd (A) 不动． (B) 转动． (C) 向左移动． (D) 向右移动．［ ］
13 (本题3分)(2125)
如图，长度为l 的直导线ab 在均匀磁场B
中以速度v
移动，直导线ab 中的电动势为
(A) Bl v ． (B) Bl v sin α． (C) Bl v cos α． (D) 0． ［ ］ 14. (本题3分)(2421)
已知一螺绕环的自感系数为L ．若将该螺绕环锯成两个半环式的螺线管，则两个半环螺线管的自感系数
c a b
d N
M
B
(A) 都等于
L 21． (B) 有一个大于L 21，另一个小于L 21
． (C) 都大于L 21． (D) 都小于L 2
1
． ［ ］
15 (本题3分)(3174)
在双缝干涉实验中，屏幕E 上的P 点处是明条纹．若将缝S 2盖住，并在S 1 S 2连线的垂直平分面处放一高折射率介质反射面M ，如图所示，则此时 (A) P 点处仍为明条纹．
(B) P 点处为暗条纹．
(C) 不能确定P 点处是明条纹还是暗条纹．
(D) 无干涉条纹． ［ ］
16(本题3分)(3718)
在单缝夫琅禾费衍射实验中，若增大缝宽，其他条件不变，则中央明条纹 (A) 宽度变小． (B) 宽度变大． (C) 宽度不变，且中心强度也不变． (D) 宽度不变，但中心强度增大． ［ ］ 17 (本题3分)(3215)
若用衍射光栅准确测定一单色可见光的波长，在下列各种光栅常数的光栅中选用哪一种最好？
(A) 5.0×10-1 mm ． (B) 1.0×10-1 mm ． (C) 1.0×10-2 mm ． (D) 1.0×10-3 mm ． ［ ］ 18. (本题3分)(4223)
下述说法中，正确的是 (A) 本征半导体是电子与空穴两种载流子同时参予导电，而杂质半导体(n 型或p 型)只有一种载流子(电子或空穴)参予导电，所以本征半导体导电性能比杂质半导体好．
(B) n 型半导体的导电性能优于p 型半导体，因为n 型半导体是负电子导电，p 型半导体是正离子导电．
(C) n 型半导体中杂质原子所形成的局部能级靠近空带(导带)的底部，使局部能级中多余的电子容易被激发跃迁到空带中去，大大提高了半导体导电性能． (D) p 型半导体的导电机构完全决定于满带中空穴的运动． ［ ］ 三、计算题（共33分） 19. (本题10分)(2567)
AA ＇和CC ＇为两个正交地放置的圆形线圈，其圆心相重合．AA ＇线圈半径为20.0 cm ，共10匝，通有电流10.0 A ；而CC ＇线圈的半径为10.0 cm ，共20匝，通有电流 5.0 A ．求两线圈公共中心O 点的磁感强度的大小和方向．
(μ0 =4π×10-7 N ·A -2)
20. (本题8分)(3628)
用白光垂直照射置于空气中的厚度为0.50 μm 的玻璃片．玻璃片的折射率为1.50．在可见光范围内(400 nm ~ 760 nm)哪些波长的反射光有最大限度的增强？ (1 nm=10-9 m)
21. (本题5分)(3768)
强度为I 0的一束光，垂直入射到两个叠在一起的偏振片上,这两个偏振片的偏振化方向之间的夹角为60°.若这束入射光是强度相等的线偏振光和自然光混合而成的，且线偏振光的光矢量振动方向与此二偏振片的偏振化方向皆成30°角，求透过每个偏振片后的光束强度． 22. (本题5分)(4393)
以波长λ = 410 nm (1 nm = 10-9 m)的单色光照射某一金属，产生的光电子的最大动能E K = 1.0 eV ，求能使该金属产生光电效应的单色光的最大波长是多少？ (普朗克常量h =6.63×10-34 J ·s) 23. (本题5分)(4547)
已知电子在垂直于均匀磁场B
的平面内运动，设电子的运动满足玻尔量子化条件，求电子轨道的半径r n =？ 四、理论推导与证明题（共5分） 24. (本题5分)(4550)
一束具有动量p
的电子，垂直地射入宽度为a 的狭缝，若在狭缝后远处与狭缝相距为R 的地方放置一块荧光屏，试证明屏幕上衍射图样中央最大强度的宽度)/(2ap Rh d =，式中h 为普朗克常量． 五、回答问题（共5分） 25. (本题5分)(4781)
粒子(a)、(b)的波函数分别如图所示，若用位置和动量描述它们的运动状态，两者中哪一粒子位置的不确定量较大？哪一粒子的动量的不确定量较大？为什么？
参考答案：
一、选择题(共27分) 1. (本题3分) (2717) B 2. (本题3分)(2391) B 3. (本题3分)(2594) B 4. (本题3分)(2314)D 5. (本题3分)(2125)D 6. (本题3分)(2421)D 7. (本题3分
)(3174)B
x (a)
x
(b)
8. (本题3分)(3718)A
9. (本题3分)(3215)D 10. (本题3分)(4223)C 二、填空题（共27分） 11 (本题3分)(5125)
)1
1(20π
-R I μ 2分
垂直纸面向里． 1分 12. (本题3分)(5134)
铁磁质 1分 顺磁质 1分
抗磁质 1分 13. (本题3分)(2624)
22.6 J ·m -3 3分 14. (本题3分)(5161)
t E R d /d 20πε 3分 15. (本题4分)(3177)
上 2分 (n -1)e 2分 16. (本题3分)(4611)
不变 1分 变长 1分 波长变长 1分 17. (本题5分)(4203)
粒子在t 时刻在(x ，y ，z )处出现的概率密度 2分 单值、有限、连续 1分
1d d d 2
=???z y x ψ 2分
18. (本题3分)(4787)
4 2分
三、计算题（共33分）
19. (本题10分)(2567)
解：AA ＇线圈在O 点所产生的磁感强度
02502μμ==A
A A A r I N
B (方向垂直AA ＇平面) 3分 C
C ＇线圈在O 点所产生的磁感强度 005002μμ==C
C C C r I
N B (方向垂直CC ＇平面) 3分 O 点的合磁感强度 4
2/1221002.7)(-?=+=C A B B B T 2分
A
B 的方向在和AA ＇、C
C ＇都垂直的平面内，和CC ＇平面的夹角
?==-4.63tg 1A
C B B
θ 2分
20. (本题8分)(3628)
解：加强， 2ne+21
λ = k λ， 2分
123000
1242
12-=
-=-
=k k ne k ne λ nm 2分 k = 1， λ1 = 3000 nm ， k = 2， λ2 = 1000 nm ，
k = 3， λ3 = 600 nm ， k = 4， λ4 = 428.6 nm ，
k = 5， λ5 = 333.3 nm ．
2分 ∴ 在可见光范围内，干涉加强的光的波长是
λ＝600 nm 和λ＝428.6 nm ． 2分 21. (本题5分)(3768)
解：透过第一个偏振片后的光强为
2001c o s 212121??
?
??+??? ??=I I I 30° 2分
＝5I 0 / 8 1分 透过第二个偏振片后的光强I 2＝( 5I 0 / 8 )cos 260°
1分
＝5I 0 / 32 1分
22. (本题5分)(4393)
解：设能使该金属产生光电效应的单色光最大波长为λ0． 由 00=-A h ν
可得 0)/(0=-A hc λ A hc /0=λ 2分 又按题意： K E A hc =-)/(λ ∴ K E hc A -=)/(λ
得 λλ
λλK K E hc hc E hc hc -=
-=)/(0= 612 nm 3分 23. (本题5分)(4547)
解：设轨道半径为r n ，电子运动速度为v ．则由
n r m B e /2v v = 2分 n r m L n ==v 2分 得 n eB r n ?=2/1)/( ( n = 1，2，3……) 1分 四、理论推导与证明题（共5分） 24. (本题5分)(4550)
证：单缝夫朗禾费衍射各级极小的条件为： λφk a ±=s i n ( k = 1，2……) 令 k = 1， 得 λφ=s i n a 1分 可见，衍射图形第一级极小离中心点距离 a f f R x /s i n tg 1λφφ?=≈= 1分 又电子德布罗意波的波长 p h /=λ 2分 所以中央最大强度宽度 )/(221ap Rh x d == 1分 五、回答问题（共5分） 25. (本题5分)(4781)
答：由图可知，(a)粒子位置的不确定量较大． 2分 又据不确定关系式 x
p x ??≥π
2h
可知，由于(b)粒子位置的不确定量较小，故(b)粒子动量的不确定量较大. 3分
x
(a)
x (b)
Unit one Stumbling block in intercultural communication 1 在这个国际舞台发生重大变化的时刻，探讨为什么尝试交流的结果却令人失望的原因是必要的，这些原因实际上是跨文化交流中的绊脚石。 It’s appropriate at this time of major changes in the international scene to take a look at some of the disappointing results of attempts at communication. They are actually stumbling block in international communication. 7 本国居民可能会被灌输有这种期望：既然外国人穿着合适，并且能说一些本国话，那么他或她也有同样的非语言的准则、想法和感觉。 The native inhabitants are likely to be lulled into the expectation that ,since the foreign person is dressed appropriately and speak some of the language,he or she will also have similar nonverbal codes ,thoughts and feelings. 8 更糟糕的问题是死死抱住新语言中一个词汇或短语的一种意义，而不顾隐含义和语境。 A worse language problem is the tenacity with which someone will cling to just one meaning of a word or phrase in the new language, regardless of connotation or context. 11 先入为主和程式化思维的现象
English Examination for Graduates (Paper A) 20111229 I. Listening Comprehension (20%) Directions: In this part, you are going to listen to four passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passages and the questions will be read only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Then mark your answer on the Answer Sheet. Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage. 1. A. He read a lot of books on management. B. He made every step safe enough. C. He prepared himself well beforehand. D. He had knowledge for the next phase. 2. A. news reporter B. American dream C. lucky boy D. poor child 3. A. generals B. committees C. armies D. schools 4. A. reading different books B. attending seminars C. listening to audiotapes D. learning on one’s own 5. A. face-to-face contact B. eyeball-to-eyeball contact C. person-to-person contact D. call-to-call contact Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage. 6. A. More and more people take up the habit of smoking. B. There are more smoking women than smoking men in the USA. C. It is good news that more people have given up smoking. D. The U.S. has more smoking people than any other country. 7. A. age, income and education B. age, sex and income C. occupation, income and sex D. occupation, income and education 8. A. City people are less likely to smoke. B. People in rural areas are more likely to smoke. C. Men with higher incomes tend to smoke. D. Well –educated men with high incomes are generally less likely to smoke. 9. A. The situation is quite the same for women as for men. B. Better-educated women are likely to smoke heavily. C. There are more women smokers with low incomes. D. Women with higher incomes and higher education do not tend to smoke. 10. A. The picture about the teenage smokers is similar to that of women smokers. B. The situation among teenagers is quite the same with men. C. High school students are more likely to smoke than college students. D. Farmers? children tend to smoke more. Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage. 11. A. crying one’s goods in the street B. signs with pictures
武汉大学 2017年攻读博士学位研究生外语综合水平考试试题 （满分值100分） 科目名称：英语科目代码：1101 注意：所有的答题内容必须写在答案纸上，凡写在试题或草稿纸上的一律无效。 Part I Reading Comprehension (2’×20 = 40 points) Directions:In this part of the test, there will be 5 passages for you to read. Each passage is followed by 4 questions or unfinished statements, and each question or unfinished statement is followed by four choices marked A, B, C and D. You are to decide on the best choice by blackening the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET. Passage One Mr Gordon is right that the second industrial revolution involved never-to-be-repeated changes. But that does not mean that driverless cars count for nothing. Messrs Erixon and Weigel are also right to worry about the West’s dismal recent record in producing new companies. But many old firms are not run by bureaucrats and have reinvented themselves many times over: General Electric must be on at least its ninth life. And the impact of giant new firms born in the past 20 years such as Uber, Google and Facebook should not be underestimated: they have all the Schumpeterian characteristics the authors admire. On the pessimists’ side the strongest argument relies not on closely watching corporate and investor behavior but rather on macro-level statistics on productivity. The figures from recent years are truly dismal. Karim Foda, of the Brookings Institution, calculates that labor productivity in the rich world is growing at its slowest rate since 1950. Total factor productivity (which tries to measure innovation) has grown at just 0.1% in advanced economies since 2004, well below its historical average. Optimists have two retorts. The first is that there must be something wrong with the figures. One possibility is that they fail to count the huge consumer surplus given away free of charge on the internet. But this is unconvincing. The official figures may well be understating the impact of the internet revolution, just as they downplayed the impact of electricity and cars in the past, but they are not understating it enough to explain the recent decline in productivity growth. Another, second line of argument that the productivity revolution has only just begun is more persuasive. Over the past decade many IT companies may have focused on things that were more “fun than fundamental” in Paul Krugman’s phrase.But Silicon Valley’s best companies are certainly focusing on things that change the material world.
Keys to Paper A (1---65 题每题一分，客观题共65分) 1-10 B D A C B C C D A B 11-20 A B D A C A D C B D 21-30 B D C A B D C A C B 31-45 D A D A B D C A C B C D C A B 46-55 A D C A B A C C D D 56-65 A C D B D A B C C D Part IV 汉译英（评分给正分，每小题都需打分，精确到0.5分） 1. China is a large country with four-fifths of the population engaged in agriculture, but only one tenth of the land is farmland, the rest being mountains, forests and places for urban and other uses. (2分) 2. An investigation indicates that non-smoking women living in a smoking family environment for 40 years or still longer will have double risk of developing lung cancer. （2分） 3. In our times, anyone who wants to play an important role in a society as he wishes must receive necessary education. With the development of science, more courses are offered in primary schools and middle schools. Compared with the education in the past, modern education places more stress on practicality. (3 分) 英译汉（评分给正分，每小题都需打分，精确到0.5分） 4. 程式化思维是人们交流的绊脚石，因为它有碍于人们对事物的客观观察。客观观察指人 们敏感地搜寻线索，引导自己的想象更接近他人的现实。（2分） 5. 当经济学家最初探讨经济发展的原因时，他们发现：人们一直认为无法解释的剩余因素是人力资本。人力资本，即人口的技能，是造成各国生产力差距以及地位不平等的一个重要因素。（3分） 6. 下文从解决妇女贫困问题的角度出发，探讨两性平等、减轻贫困和环境的可持续性诸目的之间的协同作用，涉及能源短缺、水资源缺乏、健康、气候变化、自然灾害，以及授予妇女在农业、林业、生态多元化管理领域中的权力使之创造可持续的生存方式等问题。（3分） Part V Summary （20分） 评分标准：主要看考生是否了解概要写作的方法以及能否用恰当的语言来表达。概要一定要客观简洁地表达原文的主要内容，不需要评论，不能照抄原文。具体给分标准为：（1）内容和形式都达标，仅有一二处小错：18-19分。（2）内容缺少一到三点，形式错误不过三处：16-17分。（3）内容欠缺较多，形式错误有五六处：14-15分。（4）内容欠缺较多，形式错误有十来处：12-13分。 Science and Humanity The twentieth century has made greater change to the world, which was brought by the progress in science, than any previous century. Unfortunately, not all these changes did good to the human society. Some of them have done serious damage to mankind and have been even predicted to destroy the whole world someday if out of control. In fact, mankind is not biologically programmed for violent behaviors like war. People are faced with a dilemma in which we would like to see science develop freely, but cannot afford the result of that. It is a
Intercultural Communication In recent years, it is widely acknowledged that interculturalcommunication has been becoming an increasingly common phenomenon. From my point of view, a number of factors could account for this trend. First and foremost, the development of transportation.Now jet planes fly everywhere. It used to take months to travel from Shanghai to Los Angeles, but now it takes only 12 hours. It is now much easier for people to move from one country to another. People of different countries and races get together much oftener than before. What’s more, the advancementof communication means. Nowadays people get in touch with each other in various ways, through internet, telephone, mobile phone and so on. These efficient means sharply promote intercultural communication to a large extent. Besides, the ongoingof economicglobalization.Since economic globalization lead to the production and market globalization, more and more multinational corporations now operate in quite a few countries. Theiremployees are of different ethnic groups and from different countries. Last but not the list, the increasing of https://www.doczj.com/doc/36723350.html,lions of people now move across national borders every year. Therefore, all these causes contribute to the fact that intercultural communication is now a daily occurrence. Its importance now is being recognized by a growing number of people.
博士研究生英语教学 一．教学目的及目标 以感受语言，认识语言，应用语言为主导，以提高学生的实际应用能力为目标。在反思语言习得的过程中，探索一种全新的教学模式（源于且高于单一语言层面的教学，即基于语篇层面的文本结构，在语篇层面上对文本进行三位一体的诠释，了解英美族人的思维方式），增强论文和学术研究中的批判性思维的意识，培养批判性思维的习惯（通过洞察力达到更深层次的知识和理解），强化创造性技能（区别于侧重于以听力和阅读为主导的接受性技能），即提高学生交际和写作的能力，使之符合清晰性、准确性、精确性、相关性、深度、广度、逻辑和意义的评价标准（限于课时，故侧重于理念教学，本源教学，形态教学，方法论教学，从认识论的角度培养学生的解构能力）。 二．教学理念 从传统的侧重于语言层面的教学观念转移到以思维层面为主导，兼顾语言层面的全新的教学观念，即了解英美族人怎么想、怎么组织思想、怎么表达的思维层面，从而实现正确的交际目的（怎么用），完善学习的对象（学以致用），而不只停留在单一的体现语法与词汇的语句即语言层面。语言是表达思想的物质载体, 是逻辑思维的工具, 是思维过程的再现；而思维对世界的反映是借助于语言来实现的。 三．教学定位
以思维模式为切入点（显著区别于本科生，即通过纯粹的联想或死记硬背以及练习来完成的低阶段的学习；硕士生，即大量的知识积累却缺乏知识自身的相关逻辑；以及其他兄弟院校的英语教学，具有武汉大学特色的博士研究生英语教学），提高学生的综合分析能力，倡导英语学习的方法论，以期突破英语学习的瓶颈问题。知其然更力求知其所以然，强化实践过程中的批判性思维能力（分析性、逻辑性、系统化）。 四．教学手段/方法 以三位一体（角度的界定，文献的摘录，功能的区分）的训练方法完成对文本的解构，运用批判性思维的分析能力，以期了解英美族人的思维方式即what to write，组织布局即how to write和结构功能即why to write。如下所示： 五．教学内容及计划 在一学期的课堂教学实践中，重点比较，解析不同文章（分别为不同风格的书籍、评论及演讲的体裁，以及兼顾文理学科的有关计算机、经济与哲学的不同题材），通过异同点的比较，
Oral Test (Band 1) For Grade 2012 (2012, 12 ) Topic 1: Love from Parents Directions: Some people say that motherly love is unconditional, while fatherly love is conditional. Create a conversation with your partner(s) and exchange your opinion on love from your parents respectively. Topic 2: Winning In the World Directions: Have a discussion with your partner(s) about winners in your eyes. What do you think are the most important factors that contribute to one’s success? Offer your reasons. Topic 3:A Phone Call-Making a Hotel Reservation Directions: Suppose you are a hotel receptionist and your partner is a customer who calls to make a hotel reservation. Make a conversation with your partner and get some information necessary about him/her, such as name, single or double room he/she wants, the number of nights and dates. Meanwhile, offer some information about the hotel, such as its location, price and service, etc. Topic 4: Dreams Directions: Everyone dreams. How often do you dream, and what sort of dream do you usually have? Do you believe in dreams’ function of predicting? What are the possible causes of dream? Talk with your partner(s) about these issues concerning dream. Topic 5: Dream Your Own Dream Directions: Making a dream is very common in our daily lives. What dream do you have? What will you do to realize your dream? Topic 6: Psychology in Daily Life Directions: Do you think a placebo may help a patient get well? Discuss with your partner(s) about the reasons for placeboes’ helping to he al the patients and how to make good use of psychology in daily life. Topic 7: Talking about Schedule Directions: You are to invite your partner to play badminton, but he/she is busy at the moment. Create a conversation with your partner by exchanging your information on daily schedule and deciding on a date for fun. Topic 8：Self-introduction Directions: Suppose this is your first day in class. You and your partner are getting to know each. Make a conversation by exchanging your information such as name, hometown, department, major, personalities, telephone numbers etc. Topic 9: Choosing a Job Directions: You and your partner(s) are talking about choosing a job. Exchange your opinion on the ideal job in your minds and the factors you will take into consideration when choosing a job.
武汉大学硕士英语期末考试汉译英题库（从里面考） 1.走社会主义道路，就是要逐步实现共同富裕，共同富裕的构想是这样的：一部分地区有条件先发展起来，一部分地区发展慢点，先发展起来的地区带动后发展的地区，最终达到共同富裕……解决的办法之一，就是先富起来的地区多交点利税，支持贫困地区的发展。 To take the road to socialism is to realize common prosperity step by step.Our plan is as follow:where condition s permit,some areas may develop faster than others;those that develop faster can help promote the progress of those that lag behind,until all become progress…One way is for the areas that become prosperous frstt to support the poor ones by paying more taxes or turing in more profits to the state 2.现阶段中国已经实现了粮食基本自给，在未来的发展过程中，中国依靠自己的力量实现粮食基本自给，客观上具备诸多有利因素。 Chian has bascilly achieved self-sufficiency in grain at the present stage,and there are many favorable objective factors for her to maintain such achievement by her own efforts in the course of future development. 3.社会主义用实践向世界表明，中国反对把霸权主义、强权政治，永不称霸。 Scoialist China should show the world through its actions that it is opposed to hegemonism and power politics and will never seek hegemony. 4.过去，只讲在社会主义条件下发展生产力，没有讲还要通过改革解放生产力，不完全。应该把解放生产力和发展生产力两个讲全了。 In the past,we only stressed expansion of the productive forces under socialism,without mentioning the need to liberate them through reform.That conception was incomplete. Both the liberation and the expansion of the productive forces are essential. 5.同时，我们的对外开放采取了多种方式，包括搞经济特区，开放十四个沿海城市。 In the meantime,we have implemented the policy of opening China to the outside world in many ways,including setting up special economic zones and opening14coastal cities. 6.改革开放迈不开步子，不敢闯，说来说去就是怕资本主义的东西多了，走了资本主义道路。要害是姓“资”还是姓“社”的问题。 The reason some people hesitate to carry out the reform and the open policy and dare not break new ground is ,in essence,that they’re afraid it would mean introducing too many elements of capitalism and,indeed,taking the capitalist road.The crux of the matter is whether the road is capitalist or socialist. 7.过去我们搬用别国的模式，结果阻碍了生产力的发展，在思想上导致僵化，妨碍人民和基层积极性的发挥。 We used to copy foreign models mechanically,which only hampered the development of our productive forces, induced ideological rigidly and kept the people and grassroots units from taking any initiative. 8. 中国与东盟各国或山水相连，或隔海相望，在悠久的交往中，人民之间形成了深厚的传统友谊。 Joined together by mountains and rivers or facing with other across the sea, China and ASEAN countries have developed a profound traditional friendship among the people in the course of their age-old contacts and exchanges. 9.我们正处在世纪之交的重要历史时刻，应该以长远的战略眼光审视和处理双方关系，建立中国与东盟面向二十一世纪的睦邻互信伙伴关系。
2015年武汉大学考博英语真题及详解 Part ⅠReading Comprehension (2×20=40分) Directions: In this part for the test, there will be 5 passages for you to read. Each passage is followed by 4 questions or unfinished statements, and each question or unfinished statement is followed by four choices marked A, B, C and D. You are to decide on the best choice by blackening the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET. Passage One Justice in society must include both a fair trial to the accused and the selection of an appropriate punishment for those proven guilty. Because justice is regarded as one form of equality, we find in its earlier expressions the idea of a punishment equal to the crime. Recorded in the Old Testament is the expression “an eye for an eye, and a tooth for a tooth.”That is, the individual who has done wrong has committed an offence against society. T o make up for his offence, society must get even. This can be done only by doing an equal injury to him. This conception of retributive justice is reflected in many parts of the legal documents and procedures of modern times. It is illustrated when we demand the death penalty for a person who had committed murder. This philosophy of punishment was supported by the German idealist Hegel. He believed that society owed it to the criminal to give a punishment equal to the crime he had committed. The criminal had by his own actions denied his true self and it is necessary to do something that will counteract
2019武汉大学博士学位英语考试重点复习 一、段落分析 第一课的第三段： Our second major discovery was that the Information Marketplace will dramatically affect people and organizations on a wide scale. Besides its many uses in commerce, office work, and manufacturing, it will also improve health care, provide new ways to shop, enable professional and social encounters across the globe, and generally permeate the thousands of things we do in the course of our daily lives. It will help us pursue old and new pleasures, and it will encourage new art forms, which may be criticized but will move art forward, as new tools have always done. It will also improve education and training, first in specific and established ways and later through breakthroughs that are confidently awaited. Human organizatio ns from tiny companies to entire 第一课的第十二段： The wise eye will also see that the Information Marketplace is much influential than its parts—the interfaces, middleware and pipes that make up the three-story building on which we stand. Once they are integrated, they present a much greater power—the power to prevent an asthmatic from dying in a remote town in Alaska, to enable an unemployed bank loan officer to find and succeed at a new form of work, to allow a husband and wife to revel in the accomplishments of a distant daughter while also providing emotional and financial support. These powers are far greater than 第八课的第一段： Countless cultures around the world have disappeared, along with their mythologies. In Mesoamerica, dozens of ornate Mayan temples lie mute, as do an untold number of Incan
Translation Exercises(50) 增词法:补充汉语句子中省略的成分 1) 虚心使人进步，骄傲使人落后。 翻译：Modesty helps one to go forward, whereas conceit makes one lag behind. 2)我国社会主义工业化的建设及其成就，正在日益促进他们的这种积极性。 翻译：Their enthusiasm is being constantly heightened by China’s socialist industrialization and its achievement. 3)会谈中，双方集中讨论了保护知识产权方面的问题。 翻译：During the talks, their discussion has been centered around the protection of intellectual property rights. 4) 孩子们看电视过多会大大的损伤视力。 翻译：Too much exposure to TV program will do great harm to the eyesight of children. 5) 由于我们实行了改革开放政策，我国的综合国力有了明显的增强。 翻译：Thanks to the introduction of our reform and opening policy, our comprehensive national strength has greatly improved. 6) 作者在文章中，对人类疏忽自身环境作了批评。 翻译：In his article the author is critical of man’s negligence toward his environment. 7) 学生们都应该德、智、体全面发展。 翻译：All the students should develop morally, intellectually, physically. 句子结构转换：汉语复合句转换成英语简单句 8) 这架波音747飞机起飞了，机上载有347名乘客。 翻译：The Boeing 747 took off with 347 passengers on board. 9) 因为他滥用职权，他严重损害了自己在下属面前的形象。 翻译：Abuse of power seriously damaged his image among his subordinates. 10) 即使是最好的厨师，有时又有做不好的菜。 翻译：The best cook sometimes makes bad dishes. 11) 江山易改，本性难移。 翻译：You can never scare a dog away from a greasy hide.