北京成人三级英语语法课堂笔记
语法是三级英语统考的一个重点, 集中在以下10方面:
1、时态：常用的12种
2、语态：被动语态
3、情态动词
4、虚拟语气
5、动词的非谓语形式三种(动名词\不定式\分词\<补充>独立主格结构)
6、从句（让步状语、定语、主语<补充:同位语从句>、宾语）
7、倒装句8、主谓一致9、附加疑问句10、强调句
第一节动词的时态：讲12种
特别关注1.一般现在时的特殊用法；2.一般过去时；3.过去进行时4、现在完成时5、过去完成时；6、将来完成时；7、现在完成进行完成时；8、过去完成进行时
一、一般现在式：
特殊用法：在时间状语、条件状语从句(if, unless)中表示将来的动作: A．时间状语(before, after, untill, as soon as, when)：
They will go home for winter vocation as soon as they _finish_their exams.
When the mixture _is heated , it will give off a powerful force.
34.”When are you going to visit your uncle in Chicago?”
“As soon as D.we complete our work for tomorrow.”(03/11试A)
B．条件状语(if, unless)：
We’ll go fishing if weather is good tomorrow.
D。改为is free。when引导的时间状语从句中要用一般现在时表示将来。2000年试题A
I can’t go to your birthday party unless my father agrees.
除非我爸爸同意,否则我去不了你的生日会
二、一般过去时：(要掌握常用不规则动词的过去式及过去分词形式,40个左右)
1、简单陈述去过的动作或状态：would do
2、used to do sth 过去常常做(现在不做了);
be used to doing 习惯于做……(现在还在做)
We used to swim in the river when we were in the countryside.
我们过去常在河里游泳。(现在不了)
The old man is used to getting up early in the morning. 老人习惯早起
3、It is (time) since +从句引导的时间状语, 从句中用一般过去时(自从…以来)
54. No one can possibly recall any detail about the meeting. It is at least five years since it C. took place .
02年A卷
三、一般将来时
1、will（shall）+原形动词：表示将来的动作或状态。
例：He will come and help you. 他会来帮助你的。
2、be going to +动词原形：表示马上就要发生的事情或打算好要做的事。
例：Are you going to attend the lecture? 你打算去听这个演讲吗？
3、be to +动词原形：强调按安排或计划\命令要求\命中注定的动作
The Third-Ring Road is to be open to traffic before National Day.
三环路将在国庆节前通车。
You are to do your homework. 你必须先做作业
Your plan is to fail. 你的计划注定失败
4、用某些动词的现在进行时表达根据计划、安排而将于近期（将来）发生的事情，代表动词：go ,come, start, stop, arrive，leave，play, invite等
We are leaving for Beijing tomorrow. 我们明天动身去北京。
5、一般现在时表示将来（见前一、一般现在时）
四、现在进行时
1、表示说话时（现阶段）正在进行的动作。
The teacher is talking with his students. 这位老师正在同他的学生交谈
表示现阶段正在进行的动作，但此刻并不一定在进行。
I am attending a conference in Beijing. 我正在北京参加一个会议。
2、表示经常或反复发生的动作，但往往带有欣赏、厌恶等的感情色彩
He is always thinking of others first. 他总是先为别人着想。(欣赏)
Why are you always leaving things behind. 你怎么总是丢三落四的(厌恶)
（3、描述某人一时的表现，通常用动词be 的进行时态）
She is being friendly today. 她今天很友善。（平时不这样）
五、过去进行时was/were doing
表示在过去某一段时间正在进行的动作。常需用表示过去的时间状语或通过上下文来判断时间。
I fell and hurt myself while I _ A. was playing_ tennis. （98年43题）
重点：when 和while 的区别
when 表示时间上的点，引导的句子用一般过去时
while 表示持续的一段时间，引导的句子用过去进行时
六、现在完成时have/has done(过去分词)
1、表示过去到现在这段时间完成并对现在有影响的动作或状态，常和just, already, so far, yet, up to now, up to the present, recently, lately, in the past few years 连用
I have seen the film. 我看过这个电影。(我了解电影的内容)
2、表示过去开始一直延续到现在的动作、状态、经历或习惯等，通常和延续性动词连用：stay, study, live, to be, teach, work …, 常用since，even since引导的短语或从句，或由for 引导的短语连用。
The house has been empty for ages. 这房很多年没人住了。
He has lived in this house in 1960. 他从60年就住在这儿（现在还住在这儿）
Have you even been to Tibet? 你去过西藏吗？
C。应改为have had difficulty 。因为ever since 引导句子的时候，从句用过去时，主句要用现在完成时。(2001年试题)
3、固定句式：it is the first/second/last time that +延续性动词过去完成时
It is the first time that I have met Jane. 那是我第一次见到简。
（2）It is 3 years since I left Shanghai .我离开上海已经三年了。
4、现在完成时和一般过去时的区别
John has lived Landon for 10 years. 现在还住
John lived Landon for 10 years. 曾经住，现在不在了
七、过去完成时had done
1、表示在过去的某一时刻或动作之前已经完成了的动作（即过去的过去）。可用by, uptill, before, after, when等介词或连词引导的短语或从句表示。
When I arrived he had left. 我到那他刚走
40、When I went to visit Mrs. Smith last week, I was told she D. had left tow days before.
(0311试A)
2、没有时间状语时，时间先后收上下文表示：
I didn’t know he had moved out. 我不知道他已经搬家了
3、特殊用法：
（1）和before连用，表示“还没来得及…就…“
She wept before I had realized what was happening.
我还没明白怎么回事之前她就哭了
（2）It was the first/second/last time that + 过去完成时
It was the first time (that) they had tried foreign food. 这是他们第一次吃西餐
4、常用在no sooner …than…, hardly/scarcely/barely…when…，(一…就…)
句型之中，句子到装。
I had no sooner returned than he called.
八、将来完成时：表示在将来某一时间以前已完成或发生的动作
By the end of next month, he will have been here for 10 years.
到下个月为止，他在这住了10年了
24、I _D.shall have finished _ writing the article by the time you get. (00)
30. By next year he A. has worked in New York for five years.
(0411A)
九、现在完成进行时：表示从过去某时一直延续到现在的动作have/has been doing
We have been waiting for you for an hour.
我们等了你一小时了。(动作到此为止，不持续下去)
I have been learning English for 10 years. 我学英语10年了。(还要继续下去)
十、过去将来时：表示相对于过去的将来，多见于间接引语出现在阅读或完型中
形式：would do 或was/were going to do
He said that he would watch his car the next day. 他说明天要洗车。
He said that he was going to watch his car the next day.
十一、过去完成进行时：表示过去某一时刻以前一直延续的的动作had been doing They had been waiting for an hour before the bus came.
64. Even though Sedat has been studying English for three years before came to
the United States , It is still difficult for him to expresshimself.
(0304A)
B. has been 改为had been
十二、将来完成进行时：表示将来某一时刻以前一直进行的动作。
By next month he will have been working in out factory for 30 years.
到下个月他在我们工厂工作30年了。
41. By the time you arrive this evening, D. I will have been studying for two house. (0411A)
第二节被动语态to do sth. 一般集中在挑错题中
特别关注：不定式的被动式，由主动变被动时to的特殊处理
相关知识：
A、及物动词和不及物动词
及物动词：后面可直接加宾语(名词、动名词、人称代词的宾格、数词)
不及物动词：后面不可直接加宾语，＋介词＋宾语
有些动词在不同的句子中既可作及物动词，也可作不及物动词。water
49. These part-time students expect to offer some jobs on campus during the coming summer vacation.
(0404A)
答：A，改为to be offed。
offer为及物动词，后面必须有宾语，若后面宾语，应是被动句
答B。改为：was cancelled , cancel 是及物动词，后面没有跟宾语，所以应考虑是被动语态。
答D。改为to be solved。solve为及物动词, 后面无宾语，应是被动句(2002) 答B。改为was cancelled。cancel 是及物动词，后面没有宾语，应是被动语态。(2002)
B、行为动词与系动词
行为动词：表示实际动作，包括表示思维活动的词: want, think. hope…等
系动词：表示主语的性质、状态和特征，be动词、可放在形容词前的某些动词：get、run、turn、smell…等
一、何种情况下可使用被动语态：
1，强调动作的接受者。
The kitchen is shared by the three of us. 厨房是我们三人用。
Football is played over of the world. 世界各地都踢足球。
2，不知道或没必要说明的执行者是谁。
The data have been computerized for two years now.
这些数据已经由计算处理两年了。
These books are written for children. 这些书是儿童读物
3，出于礼貌、措辞婉转等原因不方便、不愿意说明动作的执行者。
I was told that you are very lazy. 我听人说你很懒。
The car was damaged. 车撞坏了。
4，避免变换主语，以求行文流畅。
He appeared on the stage and was warmly applaused by the audience.
他出现在舞台上时，观众的热烈鼓掌。
二、使用被动语态时需要注意的问题
1，不定式的被动式to be done
当不定式的逻辑主语是这个不定式表示的动作的接受者, 用被动式He asked to be sent to work in Tibet. 他要求派去西藏工作
I want to do some shopping tomorrow.
It’s an honour for me to be invited to speak here today. 很荣幸被邀请
Are you going to the meeting to be held at 6:00? 你要参加6点的会吗？
22. The famous novel is said _ C. to have been translated _ into Chinese.
本句是动词不定式的完成、被动式。不定式的完成式所表示的动作发生在谓语动作或状态之前。如：He is not likely to have been told the result.这个结果可能还没有告诉他。2000年
17. We shall ask for samples A and then we can make our decision. (0311)
A. to be sent
B. being sent
C. to set
D. to have been sent
18. The forest fire caused by the volcano is difficult to be C .
(0311)
A. put off
B. put away
C. put out
D. put up
34. The question C at the meeting tomorrow is very important.
(0411)
A. to discuss
B. being discussed
C. to be discussed
D. will be discussed
2，某些动词由主动变被动时不定式符号“to”的处理
7个感观动词see, watch, observe, notice, listen to, hear, feel;
3个使役动词let, have让, make
56. The teacher has his students _____ a composition every other week. (2000)
A. to write
B. written
C. writing
D. write
D。have sb do sth 让某人做某事。have此处为使役动词，后接宾补的时候省to
58. The middle-aged man was seen ____ out of the house on the afternoon of the murder.
A. came
B. come
C. to come
D. have come (2000)
C。感官动词see后接宾补时，to可省略。但如果句子是主语的补足语，要加上to
3，短语动词的被动语态。动词后面接一个介词或副词构成短语，将其看成一个及物动词。talk about, look after, put down ……
The children are well looked after. 这些孩子得到了很好的照顾。(介)
The meeting has been put off till next week. 会议被推迟到下周。(副)
注意：不是所有短的语动词都有被动语态，判断：相连的介词或副词不能拆开
4，带情态动词的被动语态：情态动词+be+过去分词。
Bad things sometimes can be turned into good ones. 坏事有时可变好事The clothes must have been watched by Mary. 这些衣服肯定是Mary洗的
5，被动语态后可接that从句、W＋不定式
He was told that his father was sick. 他被告知他父亲病了
An assistant of the shop was asked where to find the manager.
6，特殊句型be said/reported to have done 据说/据报道＋不定式的完成时
22. The famous novel is said _____ into Chinese.
A. to have translated
B. to be translate
C. to have been translated
D. to translate
答C。本句是动词不定式的完成、被动式。当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式表示的动作的对象时（或是动作的承受者时），不定式一般要用被动式。不定式的完成式所表示的动作发生在谓语动作或状态之前。如：He is not likely to have been told the result.这个结果可能还没有告诉他。
(2000)
7，get + 动词过去分词构成被动语态，多用于口语或非正式书面语中
He had some pictures taken in the park. 他在公园里照了几张像。(别人给他照的
48. I have taken many photos. I'm going to get the film _____.
A. being developed
B. developing
C. developed
D. to be developed
答：C。过去分词在动词have, get两词后面作宾补时,常常表示这个动作不是由主语完成的,而是由别人完成的。
(2001)
第三节情态动词
情态动词用来表示能力、允许、许诺、可能、劝告、意愿等概念或态度,无人称变化，在句子中和动词原形一起构成谓语。着重测验情态动词接完成时的用法。
一、must + have done 表示对过去发生的事情的有把握的猜测。
58、I believe he _____ an accident, otherwise he would have arrived on time. (D,01)
A. would have had
B. could have had
C. should have had
D. must have had
47. Something must have happened on their way here. Or they _________by now.
(02)
A. should have arrived
B. should arrive
C. would have arrived
D. would arrive
答：C。第一句是must+have +过去分词的结构，表示对过去事实有把握的推测。意思：路上肯定出事了，否则他们现在已经到了。
35. Since this road is wet and slippery this morning, it last night.
(C,0411)
A. must rain
B. was raining
C. must have rained
D. may rain
may + have done 对过去发生的事情的较有把握的猜测，“也许“
22. I can’t find the recorder in the room. It C may have been taken by somebody.
( 03 11)
二、should (ought to) + have done 含有对过去的动作的责备、批评意思
A 肯定表示应该做的事情而没有做
26、I’m sorry I couldn’t get in touch with him before he left, I ____ him earlier. (2000)
A. had a telephone
B. have phoned
C. should have phoned
D. should be phoned
36、You ought B to have reported the matter to the manager the day before yesterday.
(0311)
B 否定式表示不该做的事情做了
They should not have left so soon. 他们不应该这么早就走的
She was very unhappy. You ought not to have hurt her feeling.
她当时够难受了你不应该再伤害她
三、would (not) have done
表示过去没有完成的动作，多和虚拟语气连用，不含批评意思；可不和虚拟语气连而单独使用
45. Mary said to me, “Had I seen your bag, I it to you.”
(D,0404)
A. will return
B. must return
C. could return
D. would have returned
四、could + have done
表示对过去能做而未做的事情感到惋惜，遗憾，这种过去存在的某种可能性由于客观条件限制没能实现。
You could have made a more detailed plan. 你本可以做出更详尽的计划。
He could have joined us, but he didn’t get our invitation in time.
他本来能够参加我们的，但是他没有收到我们的请贴。
第四节虚拟语气(每次考试一般占4－5分)
所表示的条件根本不可能实现或实现的可能性很小，称为虚拟条件句。
一、在条件句中的应用主句与从句中谓语动词的形式可分为下面三类：
假设类型条件从句动词的时态结果主句的动词的时态
与现在事实相反if + 过去式
(be只用were不用
would/should/might/could + 动词原型
was)
与过去事实相反if had + 去过分词would/should/might/could + have
+ 过去分词
与将来事实可能相反
if were to + 动词原
形
if should + 动词原
形
would/should/might/could + 动词原型
If he had time, he would come. 如果有时间，他一定来。(已经过去)
A. 现在事实
I would certainly go if I had time. 如果我有时间当然去。
If he were here, he might help you. 如果他在这也许帮能你。
1、I would ask George to lend us the money if I _____ him. (C, 95年)
A. had known
B. have known
C. knew
D. know
B. 过去事实
59、If Bob____ with us, he would have had a good time.
(C, 95年)
A. would come
B. would have come
C. had come
D. came
If we had found him earlier, we might save his life.
I could have been better, if I had been more careful.
C. 将来事实
we would state at home if it should rain tomorrow.
If I were to do the examination I would it some other way.
注意
⑴条件从句中，如果含有be动词、助动词、情态动词, had, should或动词to have，可省略if，要倒装，即把这些词放到主语前面。
1. _____ you were busy, I wouldn't have bothered you with my questions. (B, 96年)
A. If I realized
B. Had I realized
C. Did I have realized that
D. As I realized
57. Had the weather been good, the children _____ out for a walk.
(2001)
A. had gone
B. could have gone
C. would go
D. went
答：B。当虚拟语气中含有had时，可以省略if, 把had词放在主语之前。
Should I meet her, I would tell her. 万一我见到他，我会告诉他的。
Were I in your position, I would do it better.如果我处在你的位置上，我会做的更好。
32. the advice of his friends, he would not have suffered such a heavy loss in his business.
(D, 0404)
A. If he took
B. If he should take
C. Were he to take
D. Had he taken
⑵介词短语代替条件从句。有时一个假设的情况不用条件从句表示，而用其它方式来表示，这样的句子叫含蓄条件句。常用with，without，but for, under。
We couldn’t have achieved so much without your help.
要不是你们帮忙我们不会取得这么大的成绩
36. But for my classmates’ help, I the work in time.
(D, 0404)
A. did not finish
B. could not finish
C. will not finish
D. would not have finished
32. Without heat and sunlight, plants on the earth well.
(A, 0411)
A. would not grow
B. will not grow
C. had not grown
D. would not be grown
二、以wish（that）引导的表示“愿望”的宾语从句，虚拟语气中时态类似在非真实条件从句中时态的应用—时态后移, 引导从句的that可以省略
⑴表示现在或将来的愿望相反的用过去时：主语＋wish ＋从句(过去时)
与现在愿望相反的，用一般过去时；与将来愿望相反的，用过去将来时
I wish (that) I were as young as you. 我真希望和你们一样年青
I wish (that) I knew his address. 我真希望知道他的地址
I wish I could be of more use in the future.我希望我将来有点用处。
⑵表示与过去没有实现的愿望用过去完成时：主语＋wish +从句(过去完成时)
I wished he hadn’t made the big mistake. 他要是不犯那个大错误，该有多好！
32. Peter wishes that he ___ law instead of literature when he was in college. (C, 2000)
A. could study
B. studied
C. had studied
D. would study
53. I didn’t go to the party, but I do wish I _____ there.
(C, 2001)
A. were
B. would be
C. had been
D. will be
三、以suggest, propose, recommend, order, command, demand, require, request, insist, desire, advise, ask等词后引导的宾语从句，从句结构为should+动词原形，should 可省略
They requested that the students (should) learn the second language.
他们要求学生要学第二外语。
1、The doctor advised that Mr. Malan ____ an operation right away so as to save his life.
A. had
B. would have
C. have
D. was going to have (C,98年)
58、His mother insisted that he _____ the coat when going out.
(A, 99年)
A. put on
B. puts on
C. to put
D. putting on
答案：D。应改为have。suggest, insist, order, demand, request, command, require 等动词引导宾语从句时，要用虚拟语气，谓语动词要should (可以省略)+原形动词。(2002)
51. We strongly suggest that Smith is told about his physical condition as soon as possible.
答案：C, 改为be told,
(0311)
42. The doctor advised her that she enough rest before going back to work.
A. to get
B. get
C. gets
D. got
(B, 0404)
四、在某些主语从句中的虚拟语气
⑴ It is/was + 动词+ that引导的主语从句，从句的谓语动词要用should+原形动词，should可以省略。suggest，propose, recommend, order, require, desire, ask
⑵ It is/was＋形容词+that引导的主语从句中，从句的谓语动词要用should+原形动词，should可以省略。important, necessary, vital, desirable, preferable, advisable, urgent, essential
29、It’s desired that she _____ to teach us at least twice a week. (C, 97年)
A. comes
B. will come
C. come
D. may come
43、It is desirable that he _____.
(B, 2000)
A.gives up trying
B.give up trying
C.would give up trying
D.is going to give up trying
45、It’s urgent that a meeting _____ before the final decision is made. (C, 2003)
A. will be arranged
B. must be arranged
C. be arranged
D. would be arranged
24. It’s vital that enough money collected to get the project started.
A. is
B. be
C. must be
D. can be
(B, 0411)
五、在某些表语从句和同位语从句中的应用, 形式：should + 动词原形，should可省略。表语前及同位语that前的名词：suggestion, proposal, motion, order, request，plan, idea, advice
My suggestion is that we (should) send a few people to help the other groups.
我的建议是我们派几个人去帮助其他小组。
47. Her suggestion that everybody _____ was not appreciated. (A,同位语从
句,2001)
A. sing a song
B. sang a song
C. sung a song
D. singing a song
48. The general's command was that the soldiers _________their fort and carry out more important tasks.
(B,表语从句,2002)
A. would leave
B. leave
C. left
D. have left
六、以as if，as though引导的方式状语从句中
⑴表示对现在的情况有所怀疑，动词用过去式
1、He talks as if he _____ everything in the world.
A. knows
B. knew
C. had known
D. would have known
（答B。本句表示说话人对现在的情况有所怀疑，用过去时。）
1. As is known to all, color-blind people often find it difficult to ________ between red and green. A.separate B. isolate C.contrast D. distinguish 2.Your advice would be ________ valuable to him, who is at present at his wit's end. A.exceedingly B. excessively C.extensively D. exclusively 3.The government has planned to ________ new industries in areas of high unemployment. A.concentrate B. focus C.center D. direct 4.Since the issue was extremely _________ , we dealt with it immediately. A.resistant B. intense C.urgent D. instant 5.The epidemic (流行病) was made worse when top leaders tried to hide the ________ of the disaster and present its impact as slight. A.scale B. rank C.range D. Having spoken of 参考答案 1.D) 考查近义动词的语义及搭配用法。各选项的意思及用法是：选项A)separate使分开，区分，区别，常用结构是“separate A from B”。如：separate cause from effect区分因果关系;选项B)isolate使隔离，使孤立，常用于isolate…from结构中。如：Several towns have been isolated from the outside world by the flood.有好几个城镇因洪水与外界隔绝了。选项C)contrast对比，对照，常用于“contrast A with B”结构中。如：contrast Europe with America 将欧美两洲做一番比较;选项D)distinguish区分，辨别，常用于“distinguish A from B/distinguish between A and B”结构中。如：distinguish between right and wrong/distinguish right from wrong明辨是非。根据题干中的介词及句意，可判断出选项D)应为正确答案。全句意思为“众所周知，色盲的人很难区分红色与绿色”。 2.A) 考查副词语义。各选项的意思分别是：选项A)exceedingly非常地，十分地;选项B)excessively过分地，过多地;选项C)extensively 广阔地，广大地，广泛地;选项D)exclusively独有地，独享地;排斥地。根据题意，不难判断出选项A)应为正确答案。全句意思是“你的建议对他将非常有价值，他现在已智穷计尽”。 3.A)
高中英语语法系统全解 第一章动词时态 在英语中，不同时间发生的动作或存在的状态，要用不同的动词形式来表示，这就叫做动词的时态。一、一般时 一般时包括一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时和一般过去将来时。 A.一般现在时 1．一般现在时的构成 一般现在时主要用动词原形来表示。主语是第三人称单数时，动词后面要加-s 或-es。 They want good jobs. 他们想要好的工作。 The coat matches the dress. 外衣和裙子很相配。 This work does not satisfy me. 这项工作我不满意。 Do you understand? 你懂了吗? 2．一般现在时的用法 ①一般现在时的基本用法 a. 表示现在习惯性的动作或存在状态 He always takes a walk after supper. 晚饭后他总是散散步。 Everyone is in high spirits now. 现在大家都情绪高涨。 b. 表示客观事实或普遍真理 The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. 太阳从东方升起在西方落下。 Sound travels faster through water than it does through air. 声音在水中的传播速度要比在空气中快。
Time and tide wait for no man. 时间不等人。 c. 表示主语的特征、能力和状态 This cloth feels soft. 这布摸上去很软。 I love classical music. 我喜欢古典音乐。 The President still seems able to find time to go fishing. 看来总统仍能有时间去钓鱼。 d. 表示按计划或安排将要发生的动作 The meeting begins at 7:00. 会议七点钟开始。 We leave here at 8:00 sharp. 我们八点整离开这里。 e. 在时间、条件、让步状语从句中表示将来动作 When you come next time, bring me some magazines. 你下次来时，给我带几本杂志。 If time allows, we shall go there tomorrow. 如果时间允许的话，我们明天去那里。 Whether he agrees or not, I will stay at home. 不管他同意与否，我都会待在家里。 ②一般现在时的特殊用法 a. 用于新闻标题或图片说明中 China Declares Manned Spaceflight Successful 中国宣布载人航天飞行圆满成功 Laura Bush Arrives in Moscow 劳拉·布什抵达莫斯科 b. 用于体育运动、表演等实况报道中 Francis slips past, passes the ball to Yao Ming, who jumps, catches and shoots it into the basket.
单选题 1.I’ve worked with children before ，so I know what ____in my new job.A. expected B. to expect C. to be expecting D. expects 2. The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see ____the next year.A. carry out B. carrying out C. carried out D. to carry out 3. The bell ____the end of the period and，___our heated discussion.A. indicating ; interrupting B. indicated ; interrupting C. indicating ;interrupted D. indicated ; interrupted 4. Fishing is his favorite hobby，and ____. A. he’d like to collect coins as well B. he feels like collecting coins ，too C.to collect coins is also his hobby D.collecting coins also gives him great pleasure 5. He sent me an E-mail，___ to get further information. A. hoped B. hoping C. to hope D. hope 6. ____ in 1636，Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United States. A. Being founded B. Was founded C. hangs D. being hung 7. The picture ___on the wall is painted by my nephew. A. having hung B. hanging C. hangs D. being hung 8. _____the general state of his health it may take him a while to recover from theoperation. A. Given B. To give C. Giving D. Having given 9. _____such heavy pollution already，it may now be too late to clean up the A. Having suffered B. Suffering C. To suffer D. Suffered 10. ____ late in the afternoon，Bob turned off the alarm.
学士学位英语单词 abandon v.放弃，抛弃 aboard ad.在船（飞机、车）上prep.在（船、飞机、车）上上（船、飞机、车） about to do 即将… bring sth. about 使发生 about face 向后转；（态度，意见等）大转变 How about…? 表示访问，…怎么样？What about…? 表示询问，…怎么样？…好吗？…好吗？ Above prep.在…上面，超过a.上面的，上述的ad.在上面 above oneself 过于自信，兴高采烈abroad ad.国外,海外 at home and abroad/国内外 absence/n.缺席，不在场；+ absent/a.缺席，不在场，缺乏的；漫不经心的 absent-mined 心不在焉的，出神的absolute/a.绝对的，完全的；（语法）独立的 absorb v.吸收（水、热、光等）吸取，接受（知识、意见等） be absorbed in 专心于 abundant 丰富的，充分的academic 学院的，学术的accent n.腔调，口音n.重音，重音符号 accept v.接受，认可 access n.接近，进入，通路have an access to 进入 There is an access to…有一条通向…的通道 accident n.事故n.意外的事，偶然的事by accident 偶然、无意中 road 交通事故 accompany v.陪伴，伴随，伴奏 accomplish v.完成（任务等） according (只用于下列两个习语中) according to 按照，根据 according as+从句根据…而… 按 照…而… accordingly ad.因此，从而，相应地； 照着（办、做等） account n.账，账目，账户v.说 明，解释（for） on account of=because of 因为，由于 take(no)account of (不)考虑，（不）重 视 on one’s own account为自己的利益，独 立地，自行担负责任 accuracy n.准确，精密（性） accurate a.准确的，精确的 accuse v.谴责v.指控，告发 accuse sb.of sth. 指责、控告某人，某事。 *accustomed a.惯常的，习惯的 be accustomed to 习惯于 ache n.疼痛，酸痛 be aching to do 渴望… have an ache in …疼 achievement n.完成，达到 n.成就，成绩 *acid n.酸 acquire v.取得，获得 across ad,/prep.横越，横过 prep.在…那边 act n.行为，动作；（一）幕；法令，条 例 v..行动，举动；起作用；表演 act as 担任，充当 act for 代理 act on/upon （药等）起作用 action n.行动，动作 n.作用 go into action 投入战斗，行动起来 out of action 失去作用，失去战斗力 active a.活动的，活跃的， 活泼的 a.敏捷的，积极的， 主动的 be active in 积极/主动作 activity n.活动 actor n.男演员，演员 actress n.女演员 actual a.实际的，现实的 ad(Am.E) n.=advertisement.广告 *adapt v.（to）使适应，使适合 v.改编，改写 add v.加，加上 v.增加，增进 add…to… add up to 合计为…，部共 把…加到…上 addition n.加法，增加 in addition to 除…之外，加之，并且 additional a.附加的，另外的 address n.地址，通讯处 n./v.致词 v.致函，写地址 address oneself to… 从事/致力，忙于…，与…谈话 /通信 *adequate a.足够的，恰当的 adjective n./a.足够的，恰当的 adjust v.调节，调整 *administration n.管理n.行政部门 admire v.羡慕，赞赏，饮佩 admit v.允许进入，接纳v.承认 adopt v.收养v.采用，采纳，通过 adult n.成人 advance v.推进，促进 v./n.前进，进展 in advance 提前，预先 advanced n.优点，有利条件 n.利益，好处 gain/have advantage over 胜于，优于 take advantage of 乘…之机，利用 to one’s advantage 对…有利 adventure n.冒险，惊险活动 adverb n.副词 advertise v.为…做广告 advertise for 招聘；做广告；征求 advertisement n.广告 advice n.忠告，意见 advise v.忠告，劝告 v.通知 aeroplane n.飞机 affair n.事，事情，事件 affect v.影响 afford v.担负得起，买得起，花 得起（时间等） v.供给，给予 afraid a.怕的，害怕的 a.惟恐的，担心的 be afraid of… 怕… be afraid to do… 怕…，不敢…
2013年成人英语三级考试阅读理解及译文辅导 Directions: This task is the same as Task 1. The 5 questions or unfinished statements are numbered 41 through 45. Persons who are overweight should watch their diet carefully in order to lose pounds. The, best way to do this is to start a weight control program. At first it is wise to talk with your doctor. He can advise you of the number of calories(卡路里) you should have in your meals each day. He can tell you about exercising while on your diet. A good rule is to lose slowly. A loss of a pound or two is plenty. Plan meals around foods you know. This means that it is wise to include foods that you are used to and that are part of your regular eating habits. When you have lost the weight you wish, simple items can be added to your diet so that you can maintain the weight you want. While you are dieting, try to build a pattern of eating that you can follow later to maintain your desired weight. When dieting, choose low-calorie foods. Avoid such items as fats, fried food, sweets, cakes, cream and soft drinks. Try to take coffee and tea without sugar or cream. Snacks can be part of your diet. For example, a piece of fruit or a simple dessert saved from mealtime can be eaten between meals. Keep busy! This way you will not be tempted to go off the diet. Make full use of opportunities to exercise. Try walking instead of riding whenever possible. Happy dieting! 41. What is the main idea of the passage? A) How to diet. B) Why we should diet. C) What we should diet. D) Where we should diet. 42. While dieting you should ________. A) choose fried foods B) choose low-calorie food C) choose snack as hamburger in McDonalds D) talk to your doctor
2015年学位英语新版考试大纲 成人高等教育本科生学士学位英语水平考试大纲（非英语专业） 教育部学位与研究生教育发展中心 高等教育出版社（2013年5月） 一、考试性质 成人高等教育非英语专业学士学位英语水平考试是由各省级高等教育主管部门组织的统一考试，其目的是为了客观地测试非英语专业成人本科毕业生申请学士学位者的英语语言知识和运用能力，考查其是否达到普通本科教育非英语专业英语教学的一般要求。 二、考试要求 成人高等教育非英语专业学士学位英语水平考试要求考生能够较熟练地掌握英语基本语法和常用词汇，具有较强的阅读能力和综合运用能力。考生在运用能力方面应分别达到以下要 .000求： （一）会话 能够使用英语进行日常会话交流，根据对话的情景、场合、人物关系、身份和讲话人的意图及话语含义做出正确判断和用语选择，并能理解常见的英语口语的习惯用法。 （二）阅读 能够综合运用英语知识和基本阅读技能，读懂难度适中的一般性题材（经济、社会、政法、历史、科普、管理等）和体裁6已叙文、议论文、说明文、应用文等）的英语文章。阅读速度达到每分钟80个词。具体要求为： 1.能够掌握文章的中心思想、主要内容和细节； 2.具备根据上下文把握词义的能力，理解上下文的逻辑关系； 3.能够根据所读材料进行一定的推论； 4.能够对文章的结构和作者的态度等做出一般的分析和判断。 （三）词汇 掌握本考试大纲所规定的英语词汇、常用词组、常用词缀，并在阅读、写作等过程中具有相应的应用能力，即： 1.领会式掌握4 400个单词和550个常用词组；
2.复用式掌握2 000个左右的常用单词和搭配以及200个左右的常用词组； 3.掌握一定数量的常用词缀，并能根据构词法和语境识别常见的派生词。 （四）语法 掌握基本的英语语法知识，要求能在阅读、写作等过程中正确运用这些知识，达到正确理解、获取信息及表达思想的目的。需要掌握的具体内容如下： 1.名词、代词的数和格的构成及其用法； 2.动词的基本时态、语态的构成及其用法； 3.形容词、副词的比较级和最高级的构成及其用法； 4.常用连接词、冠词的词义及其用法； 5.非谓语动词（不定式、动名词、分词）的构成及其用法； 6.虚拟语气的构成及其用法； 7.各类从句的构成及其用法； 8.基本句型的结构及其用法； 9.强调句型的结构及其用法； 10.常用倒装句的结构及其用法。 （五）翻译 能够在不借助词典的情况下把一般难度、非专业性题材的英文句子或短文泽成汉语，译文通顺，用词基本正确，无重大语法错误。英译汉的速度应达到每小时250词以上。 （六）写作 能够用英语撰写常见应用文，或能够按照所给提纲、情景或图表，说明或论述一般性的话题。所写短文要求主题明确，条理清楚，语言比较规范。 三、试卷结构 本考试试卷分试卷一和试卷二。试卷一为客观题，包括完成对话、阅读理解、词汇和语法、完形填空4个部分，考试时间为65分钟，满分为70分；试卷二为英译汉和短文写作，考试时间为55分钟，满分为30分。试卷一和试卷二考试时间共计120分钟，总分为100分。试卷各部分内容和结构如下： 第一部分完成对话
成人三级英语常考词汇（三）形容词 to do 能够做to do 打算做 3absent from 缺席in 充足 with/at/for 生气for/about 焦虑 to 易于of 意识到 with 厌倦at 惊叹于 to 忠实于with 忙于 of doing 有能力做of 有把握 of 特征是in 胜任的 with 一致的of/with 意识到 to 与相反to 便于 of 对…挑剔 ashamed of 对…感到羞耻 to 对…有害虫of/in 有信心 on 依靠于from 不同 for/to do 急于做about for 对…有热情 to 等同于to 相当于 30. essential to 重要的about./at 为某事而激动 of 对…马虎的to/with 熟悉 for 因…著名for/to 适合于 of 喜爱from 免于 to 对…友好of 有…罪
at/in 善于 good for 对…有益good to 对…友好往来about 为…而高兴to 信守的of 不顾 to 与…有关,相对于of 有…代表性的 to 抵制的for/to 对…负责的 to 响应的with 对…满意的 from 与…分开的sensitive to 对…敏感的of 对…厌倦的to 对…有帮助 to 对…的敌意的of 不了解 of无…罪的of妒忌的 on 热衷于in 缺乏 to do 可能做to 与…相对立的 of 为…骄傲的with 对…耐心的 to 比…更可取to 在…之前 to 在…之前,优先于to 特有的，专为…的 to 与…成比例的for 为…做好准备的 to 与…相似的about/for 为…感受到遗憾with 对…严格要求的for/to 对…合适的 to 从属于…,下级的to 优越于… for 对…渴望的of 有…典型性的 of 值得的with 受到欢迎的 to 适用的about/of 怀疑
11.It seemed that Ivy was in no________ this evening to listen to my jokes. A. mind B. mood C. feeling D. emotion 【答案】B.be in no mood to do sth.“没有做某事的心情”。 12.Sensible people don‘t think it is_______ to buy things which are not needed even at a low price. A. worth B. worthy C. worthless D. worthwhile 【答案】D. It is worthwhile to do sth“值得做某事”。 it is worth doing sth it is worthy to be done It is worthy of being done 13.When you arrive at the hotel，you‘ll______ notice the friendly staff， who will make your holiday a wonderful dream. A. sensitively B. scarcely C. immediately D. obviously 【答案】C.“立即”。A“敏感地”;B“几乎不，将近”;D“明显地”。 14.As they haven‘t a child of their own，they’re going to _______ a little girl. A. accept B. receive C. adapt D. adopt 【答案】D “领养”。A“接受”;B“收到”;C“适应”。 15.After careful research， it was decided that the spaceship should reenter the Earth‘s________. A. surface B. air
成人本科学士学位英语考试语法复习试题精选 文档 TTMS system office room 【TTMS16H-TTMS2A-TTMS8Q8-
成人本科学士学位英语统一考试 句子核心-谓语动词 一谓语动词 一时态 1. Mary ____ in the garden when it began to rain. (QE92-56) A. was walking B. walked C. walking D. had walked 【答案】A it began to rain是一个过去的时间点，因此主句因该用过去进行时。选A。句意为“当开始下雨时，玛丽正在花园散步。” 2. No one can possibly recall any detail about the meeting. It is at least five years since it ___. (QE02-54) A. had taken place B. was taken place C. took place D. was taking place 【答案】：C。It is …time since +从句（谓语动词用过去时），故选C。It is many years since World War Two was over.自从二次大战结束以来已经很多年了。 3. Dr. Robert went to New York, bought some books and ___. (QE99-41) A. visiting his daughter B. to visit his daughter
成人英语三级考试选择练习题及答案Sally: What is Jack like? Susan: ______ A. He’s kind and handsome. B. He’s very well. C. He likes music. D. He’s a worker. [答案]A 【精析】”What is Jack like?”的意思是：“你觉得杰克怎么样?”只有选项A(他善良帅气)符合题意，选项B中”well”是指身体好。 P atient: I feel terrible today. My stomach doesn’t feel well at all. Doctor: ______ A. You should take something for it. B. That’s too bad for your health. C. It serves you right. D. Don’t remember. [答案]A 【精析】病人感到胃不舒服，医生肯定要建议病人吃药(You should take something for it)，选项A符合交际语境要求，是正确答案。 Teacher: You’re late again! Student: Sorry, ______ A. I won’t do that anymore.
B. but it’s my own business. C. I’m afraid I’ve overslept. D. but I need more sleep. [答案]C 【精析】老师批评学生又迟到了，学生表示歉意。选项B(这是我自己的事情)、D(但我需要更多睡眠)回答不够诚恳;选项A(我不再迟到了)过于死板;只有选项C(恐怕我睡过头了)解释了迟到的原因，承接比较自然。
成人英语三级必备词汇 ceremony (n.) 仪式,典礼 The awards ceremony was packed with rich and famous people. 颁奖典礼中挤满了有钱及知名人士。 organism (n.) 生物,有机体Any living thing is an organism. 任何有生命的东西都是有机体。 nest egg 储蓄By retirement, they had saved up quite a nest egg. 到退休时，他们已经存了一大笔钱了 plant (n.) 植物 Most plants need dirt, water and sunlight to live. 大部分的植物需要仰赖土壤,水和阳光生存。 animal (n.) 动物What is the biggest animal you have seen? 您所看过最大的动物是什么? college fund 念大学的基金I've been adding to his college fund for years now.. 我已经为他的大学基金贡献多年了。 living (a.) 有生命的;活的 Coral is actually a living animal, living on top of dead animals. 珊瑚事实上是一种有生命的动物,生长在死去动物身上。mammal (n.) 哺乳动物Did you know that whales are mammals? 您知道鲸鱼是哺乳动物吗? nuclear family 核心家庭My cousin is not part of my nuclear family. 我的堂表兄弟姊妹并不是核心家庭的一部分。 insect (n.) 昆虫Mosquitoes are my least favorite insect. 蚊子是我最不喜欢的昆虫。 fowl (n.) 鸟禽类Ducks are a type of water fowl. 鸭子是一种水上禽鸟。 seeing each other 约会We've been seeing each other for about 3 months. 我们已经约会大约三个月了。 complimentary (a.) 【美】赠送的 The flight attendant gave me a complimentary drink after we took off. 飞机起飞后,服务人员给我们附赠的饮料。 currency (n.) 货币Every country has its own currency. 每个国家都有自己的货币。behave yourself 规矩点Please behave yourself before the guests. 在宾客面前请你检点一些。 reusable (a.) 可重复使用的 Reusable items last longer than disposable ones and help the environment. 可重复使用的物品比抛弃式耐用,而且对环境比较好。 impact (n.) 影响Tourists can have a big impact on the places they visit. 观光客对他们所参观的地方可造成很大的影响。 behind the scenes 幕后 He is the man behind the scenes. 他是幕后人物。 contraband (n.) 违禁品 If you bring contraband into a country, you may go to jail. 如果你把违禁品带进一个国家,可能要坐牢。 quarantine (n.) 隔离If you bring your pet to another country, you may have to put it in quarantine for a while. 如果你把宠物带到另一个国家,它可能要被隔离一段时间。between ourselves 私下的话，不可外传This matter is between ourselves. 这事你我知道就好。 provision (n.) 储备粮食 We brought plenty of provisions for the trip. 我们为这趟旅行带了足够的粮食。 cuisine (n.) 美食;佳肴French cuisine is famous around the world. 法国美食举世闻名。 beyond the seas 在国外，在海外He had a good time when he was beyond the seas. 他在国外时曾过得很快活 chow (n.) 【口】食物,食品 We had some good chow in that little restaurant. 我们在那家小曙U吃了一些不错的食物。 delicacy (n.) 美食;佳肴This is a local delicacy and you can't find it anywhere else. 这是当地的美食,而且您无法在其它地方找到它。 butt in 插手；介入；插嘴Don't butt in! 不要管闲事！
系统学习英语语法的好书 怎样学习英语语法怎样学习语法呢？下面拟从四个方面简要谈一谈：（1）练好基本句型。我国近年来的英语教学实践证明：在初学阶段，采用听说、学习基本句型的方法去学习英语语法，是行之有效的。句型学习是通过听说的方法去学习传统语法里最常用的语法项目（把 它们变为句型去操练）。句型训练实际上吸取了传统语法与结构语法 两派的长处。当前国内的英语广播（电视）教学，在入门阶段，多采 用句型教学法。所以自学者或者收听广播（收看电视）实行学习，或 者根据所选用的课本提供的句型用替换词实行替换练习。所学的句型 应该是由浅入深，由简到繁；讲求熟练掌握，不要贪多冒进。每学一 个项目，首先要把单项练习练熟，然后过渡到综合练习，最后则应做 到扩大使用。以定语从句这个项为例。把"I read a novel yesterday．和"It was extremely Interesting．"这两个单句改为"The novel I read yesterday was extremely interesting．"这就 是定语从句的单项练习。首先要反复实行替换练习。如把"I saw a man this morning．"和"The man is my teacher．"改为"The man I saw this morning is my teacher．"把"I saw a film last night．"和"The film was very amusing．"改为"The film I saw last night was very amusing．"这种练习虽然是枯燥的，却是重要 的基本功，务求把定语从句练到脱口而出的地步。这是第一步。第二 步是把定语从句放在一定的语言情景中去综合使用，实行一问一答。如：A：Did you enjoy the opera？ A：The one we saw last night，of course． B：Yes，very much．第三步是扩大使用，也就是把定语从句和以 前学过的两三个项目放在一起去操练。A：Do you know who Edgar Snow was？（一般问句；名词从句） B：Yes，he was an American writer who interviewed Chairman Mao in Beijing．（定语从句）
成人英语三级考试试题：2021年成人英语三级 考试英汉互译 1. 我们应该不遗余力地美化我们的环境。 We should spare no effort to beautify our environment. 2. 在建立个人网站前，先问问自己，为什么想要一网站，想要达到的目标是什么。 Before you build a personal site， ask yourself why you want one， and what you want to accomplish. 3. 在造访一个提供网站空间服务的网站时，你会看到种类繁多的方案可供选择，哪一种价位可以给你多少网络空间及多大的传输流量。 When you visit the site of a Web host， you’ll see a wide variety of plans-so much space and so much network traffic for so much money. 4. 典型的网站包括图像、文字及图片，比较精心制作的网站还有动画、影像、声音和其他额外的内容。
Web site typically contain graphics， texts and pictures， while more elaborate ones include animation，video， audio and other https://www.doczj.com/doc/2f18510947.html, 5. 关于网站设计，有许多是很吸引人的，也有许多则令人泄气。 There are many things about Web sites that are appealing and many that are just plain frustrating. 6. Pizza came to the U. S. with Italian immigrants; the first U. S. pizzeria opened in 1905， and pizza became one of the nation’s favourite foods after World War Ⅱ。 It is now popular worldwide. (英译汉) 比萨随着意大利移民引进美国;1905年第一家美国比萨店开业了，第二次世界大战后比萨成为全美国最喜爱的食物之一。现在比萨畅销全世界。 成人英语三级考试试题：2021学位英语模拟试 题 小编为大家整理了成人英语三级考试试题：202*学位英语模拟试题,仅供参考！！ 1.The doctor ____ is leaving for Africa next month.
学位英语试题精讲：语气 1. I would ask George to lend us the money if I ____ him. A. had known B. have known C. knew D. to have read 【答案】C 该句使用了虚拟语气，从主句的would ask 判断，if 从句谓语动词可以用一般过去时knew,表示对现在事实的虚拟。句意为“如果我认识乔治的话，我就让他借给我们钱了”。 2. If I __ you, I ___ more attention to English idioms and phrases. A. was/ shall pay B. am/ will pay C. would be/ would pay D. were/ would pay 【答案】D。如果我是你，我会在英语成语和短语上多关注一些。对现在的虚拟。 3. Don't touch the sleeping tiger. If he woke up, he_____ you. A. would come to B. would come at C. would have come toward D. will come to 【答案】B。别动那个正在睡觉的老虎，他要是醒了会咬你的。if条件句中对现在的虚拟。 4. We ___ delighted if the report ___ true. A. were/ were B. shall be/ were C. should be/ were D. were/ would be 【答案】C。如果这个报告是真是的，那我们就会很高兴的。if条件句中对现在的虚拟。5. If I ________ plan to do anything I wanted to, I'd like to go to Tibet and travel through as much of it as possible. A. would B. could C. had to D. ought to 【答案】B。如果我能够计划做任何我想做的事情，我想去西藏并且尽可能地旅行那个地方的大部分地区。 6. _____ today, he would get there by Friday. A. Would he leave B. Was he leaving C. Were he to leave D. If he leave 【答案】C。如果他能够周五到那里，他将会今天就走。省略if的条件虚拟。对将来的虚拟。 7. _________ to do the work, I should do it some other way. A. If were I B. I were C. Were I D. Was I 【答案】C。如果我来做这个工作，我会换一种工作方式。 8. Most probably Ally won’t come tomorrow. But if she______ I _____her to call you up at once.