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主谓一致修订版

主谓一致修订版
主谓一致修订版

主谓一致

Definition: 主语和谓语在人称和数上必须保持一致。

Rules:

1. 语法一致原则:即主语单复数决定谓语动词的单复数形式(即主语是单数,谓语用单数,主语是复数,谓语用复数。)

2. 意义一致原则:即谓语动词的数必须和主语的意义一致(因有时主语形式为单数,但意义为复数;有时形式为复数,但意义为单数)

3. 就近一致原则:即谓语动词用单数形式还是用复数形式,取决于最靠近它的主语。

一、语法一致原则

1.单数主语,不定式,_______ 或从句作主语时,谓语动词用______.

①Xu Y uzhu is studying English.

②To say is one thing, but to do is another.

③Seeing is believing.

④Who will do the job has not been decided yet.

练习:

1. To say______ one thing, to do ______ another. (be)

2. Seeing______ believing. (be)

3. What he has done ______ right. (be)

Note: 当what引导的句子作主语,若后面是“be +名词”的结构时,谓语随名词变化。

①What we need ___ more time.

②What we need ____ doctors. (be)

③What he took with him ____ three books. Were

2. 复数名词、代词作主语,谓语动词一般用复数形式

①All the students _____clever. (be)

②They _____English very much. (like)

3.用and或both…and 连接的单数名词、代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语及主语从句作主语谓语动词用复数形式。

①Both my father and my mother ____farmers. (are)

②What I think and what I do ___been fairly in disagreement. (have)

③Reading and writing ____ very important. (are)

Note:

⑴and连接的两个单数主语前如有each, every, no, many a(许多)等修饰时,谓语用单数。

①Each boy and (each) girl ____ a seat. (have)

②Many a boy and girl ____ made the same mistake. (have)

③There ____ no sound and no voice in the reading room. (be)

④In China every man and every woman ____ the right to vote on this problem.(have)

⑵当and连接的两个名词表示同一人、同一事物、同一概念或一个完整的东西时(其特征是and后的名词前有/无任何冠词),谓语动词用______。

e.g.: The teacher and writer has come. 那位老师兼作家已经来了。

The teacher and the writer have come. 那位老师和那位作家都来了。

练习:

1. A knife and fork ______ on the table. (is)

2. The secretary and principal of the schoo1______ present at the meeting. was

3.The writer and poet ______ decided to be on holiday in Guilin. has

4. The League secretary and monitor ___ asked to make a speech at the meeting.

A. is

B. was

C. are

D. were

【特别提醒】英语中并列结构表示整体概念的有:

iron and steel钢铁bread and butter 加黄油的面包

a knife and fork一副刀叉 a needle and thread针线;

a horse and cart四轮马车coffee and milk加牛奶的咖啡

4、由any-,some-,no-, every—和-one, -thing, -body等所构成的不定代词作主语,谓语动词用单数.

e.g. Somebody ____ waiting for you at the school gate. (be)

5、英语句中的each,either,neither等词,既可作代词充当主语,又可作形容词修饰主语,这时的谓语动词一律用_______。

Is everyone here today?

Each of us has a new book.

Neither is correct.

Neither of us has been abroad.

Each of the houses is painted a different color.

Note:

1. each位于复数主语之后作同位语,谓语用_____,与each无关。

e.g. We each have an English-Chinese dictionary.

2.需要说明的是:在口语中,如果either, neither和none后面有"of +复数名词/代词" 作主语时, 动词用单数或复数形式均可。

例如:

Neither of them is/are correct.

None of the doctors have/has been to the Great Wall.

但要注意"none of+单数名词" 作主语时, 谓语动词用单数形式

6、“many a +单数名词/ more than one+单数名词

one and a half +复数名词”a/an +单数名词+and a half”作主语时,谓语动词用单数

①Many a foreigner___ been to the Great Wall. (have)

②More than one person ____ absent. (be)

③One and a half hours ____ passed. (have)

④A year and a half ____passed. (have)

Note: more than… of …作主语时,动词应与of 前/ 后的名词或代词保持一致。

例如:

e.g. More than 60 percent of the students are from the country. (be)

7. plenty of , a lot of, the rest of , most of , half of, 分数/ 百分数+of +n等短语作主语, 谓语动词要和of之后的名词的单复数保持一致。

①Most of his money ____ spent on books. (be)

②Most of the students ____taking an active part in sports. (be)

③Two-thirds of the students ____from countryside. (come)

8. 定语从句中的主谓一致。

(1) 在定语从句中,关系代词作主语,其谓语动词应与它所指代的先行词保持一致。

e.g. I, who ___your teacher, will share happiness and sorrow with you.(be)

⑵which/as代替一句话内容,谓语动词用单数

As ___known, Taiwan belongs to China. (be)

(3) one of +pl. + 定语从句,从句中的谓语用_______;

the (only) one of+pl. + 定语从句,从句中的谓语用_______。

①Tom is one of the students who are good at playing football.

②Tom is the only one of the students who is good at playing football.

9. 在强调句中,连接代词又在句中作主语,这时它应与________________保持一致。

It is you who are to blame. (be)

意义一致原则:

1. 集合名词family, class, team, group, club, audience, population, majority…作主语,其用法特点为:若强调整体,谓语动词用______; 若强调个体成员,谓语动词则用______.

e.g.

①Our class ______ on the fifth floor.(be)

②Our class ______ studying English now.(be)

③Our family_____ in Wuhan. (live)

④My family_____ watching TV at weekend. (like)

Note:

⑴集合名词cattle(牛),people ,police(警察)等,其用法特点为:只有单数形式,但却表示复数意义,谓语在任何情况下都用_______.

e.g. The police are looking for him.警察在找他。

⑵the population of…“…的人口数量”作主语时,谓语单数,但分数、百分数、half of, the rest of + the population 作主语时,具体指其中的多少人,谓语则用复数。

e.g. The population of China ___over 1.3billion and 80% of the population_____farmers . (be)

2. means方法, works工厂,deer, sheep, fish鱼,series系列, species物种等单复数同形的名词作主语时,其谓语的数需根据句意来确定。

e.g.

①All possible means ____ been tried.(have) all the ______ (所有的学生)

②Every possible means ____ been tried.(have) every _______ (每一个学生)

③This paper works ____built in 1978. (be)this ________ (这本书)

3. 某些以"-s" 或"-es" 结尾的表示疾病、学科、游戏等名称的名词常看作单数。如:news( ), physics( ), mathematics( ), politics(政治),等,都属于形式上是复数但实际意义是单数的名

词,它们作主语时,其谓语动词要用____。

eg.

①Mathematics is of great importance to middle school students. (be)

②Bad news ____ wings. (have) 坏事传千里。

4. 主语是书名,报纸名,国名, 剧名等复数形式的名词,仍为个体,谓语用______.

①The United States is a developed country. (be)

②The 365 Nights is very popular with children. (be)

③Diabetes (糖尿病) _____ a very serious disease. (be)

5. 表示时间、金钱、距离、重量、数量的名词作主语,通常看作一个整体,谓语动词用_______。

e.g.

①Twenty years _______is a long time to us. (be)

②Ten yuan _______is enough. (be)

③Thirty minutes _______is enough for the work. (be)

④Ten multiplied by three _______makes thirty. (be)

⑤Ten dollars _______is too dear. (be)

⑥Two hundred miles _______is a good distance. (be)

6. 由山脉、群岛、瀑布、运动会等“s”结尾的专有名词作主语表示复数意义,谓语动词用复数。

①The Olympic Games ____ held once every four years. (be) 奥运会每四年举办一次。

②The Himalayas ____ the roof of the world. (be)喜马拉雅山脉是世界屋脊。

7. all, which,some, half, the rest作主语时,谓语根据指代名词确定。如all单独作主语表示“人”时,谓语用_____;表示“整个事件或事情”时,谓语用_____。

e.g.

①All are present. 所有的人都出席了。(表人)

②All is well. 一切都好。(表示整个事情或情况)

8. 由“this/that kind of , many kinds of +n.” 和“n.+ of this/that kind”等以及由与kind意义相似的type,sort等构成的类似短语作主语时,谓语动词与of前/ 后的名词保持数的一致。

①The kind of apples sells well.

②Men of this kind are dangerous .

9. 由“a lot of, lots of, plenty of, a large amount of ,the rest of, the majority of + 名词”构成的短语以及由“分数或百分数+名词”构成的短语作主语,其谓语动词的数要根据短语中of前/ 后名词的数而定。

e.g.

①The majority of the students in our class are for the idea.

②The rest of the lecture is wonderful.

练习:

1. Two-thirds of the profit _____ made on that deal. (be)

2. The rest of the students____ boys. (be)

3. Two percent of the students in our class_____ boys. (be )

4. There_____ still lots of water in the lake. (be )

Note:

a number of +pl. “许多…”,谓语动词用复数;

the number of +pl. “…的数目”,谓语动词用_____。

e.g. The number of the students in our school is quite large and a number of teachers _____ hard.

(be; work)

10. 主语是a large/small quantity of +U/Pl.谓语动词用单数;

的数而定或应由名词作主语时谓语动词但由amount quantity of amounts of,amount large of quantties of,quantity large a +??? 例如:

(1)Quantities of food are wasted every day.

(2)Amounts of money were spent on this project.

(这两个词的用法是主谓一致中的难点,同时也是常考点)

① There ____ a large quantity of milk/apples on the farm. (be )

② Large quantities of water /coal/bricks ___needed here. (be )

11. the +adj.做主语时,表示一类人或物时,谓语动词用复数;若是指个人或是抽象概念应看作单数,谓语动词用单数;

e.g.

①In many stories, the good ___ well rewarded and the bad ____ doomed to unfortunate. (be ) ②The wounded ____ a young boy . (be )

③The blind ____ often looked down upon at present. (be )

④The wounded ____ still not well treated. (be )

⑤The beautiful ____ forever . (live )

12.成双成对出现的复数名词如glasses, shoes, trousers, pants, gloves, socks, slippers, scissors 等作主语时,谓语通常用复数, *但如果前有a/the pair of 等词语修饰时,谓语动词与pair 等一致,用单数。

Eg.

① My trousers ___very nice.(be)

② A pair of shoes ____ under the bed. (be)

13. 名词性物主代词作主语,谓语动词根据指代对象而定

Y our shoes are white;Mine____black. (be)

14. 带引号的词语作主语相当于第___人称单数,因此谓语也用______.

“I” is the ninth letter of the English alphabet.

15. "one and a half+名词复数" 表数量作主语时, 谓语动词用单数形式。例如:

One and a half pears has been left on the table.

三、就近一致原则

1. 由...or..., ...nor..., either...or..., neither...nor..., not only...but (also) ... ,not...but...连接的并列结构作主语,随后的动词形式通常按照“就近原则”处理。

①Y ou or she is good at English.

练习:

1. Not only he but also I ______ of the matter. (不知道)

2. Not only I but also he ______ of the matter. (不知道)

3. Either he or his classmates _____ going to Guilin today. (be)

Note: 在“ A+ with, together with, along with, except, but, like, besides, as well as, rather than , including,etc+B ”的结构中,谓语和A/ B在单复数上保持一致,即就远原则。

e.g.

①Mr. Y uan, together with his two students ______the office. enters

②The teacher as well as the students______ for a holiday. wishes

③No one except two boys______ late for school. was

⑤The teacher as well as the students ______ this painting. likes

2. 当一个句子是由there 或here引起,而主语又不止一个时,谓语通常和最靠近它的主语一致。

①Here __some bread. (be)

②There __ 37 girl students and 14 boy students in Class 0902. (be)

③There______ a bill along with the parce1. was

3. 在倒装句中,谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致

①There ____ the bus. (come)

②Such ____ the facts . (be)

③On the wall ___many pictures. (be)

④On the desk ___ many different books. (be)

⑤Such ___ the facts. (be)

⑥There___ the bell. (go)

巩固练习:

1.All but one __________ present at the meeting just now.

A. is

B. was

C. has been

D. were

2. Not only I but also Jane and Mary __________ tired of having one examination after another.

A. is

B. are

C. am

D. be

3.A library with five thousand books ________ to the nation as a gift.

A. is offered

B. has offered

C. are offered

D. have offered

4.When and where to build the new factory ________ yet.

A. is not decided

B. are not decided

C. has not decided

D. have not decided

5.The number of people invited ____ fifty, but a number of them ____ absent for different reasons.

A. were; was

B. was; was

C. was; were

D. were; were

6.At the bus stop __________ a soldier and two young people on their way to the village.

A. were

B. was

C. is

D. sits

7.If law and order ________, neither the citizen nor his family is safe.

A. are not preserved (维护)

B. is not preserved

C. were not preserved

D. haven’t been preserved

8.The speaker at the meeting agreed that the ways in which television can educate a person ______ almost infinite (无限的).

A. be

B. are

C. is

D. was

9.There ________ little change in that middle school.

A. have

B. had

C. have been

D. has been

10.Setting fires to public buildings __________ very dangerous.

A. are

B. were

C. have

D. is

11.The teacher, as well as a lot of students, __________ invited to the ball yesterday.

A. was

B. were

C. is

D. are

12.The quality of the books __________ poor.

A. is

B. are

C. have

D. has

13.One of the doctors __________ open.

A. is

B. are

C. have

D. were

14.__________ better wages and working conditions.

A. What interest the workers most are

B. What interests the workers most are

C. What’s interesting the workers most is

D. What interests the workers most is

15.Many a student and teacher ________ practice in this factory.

A. is having

B. have

C. are having

D. having

16. The thief was being searched for by the police who ________ running after.

A. is

B. are

C. was

D. were

17. The rich ________ for the proposal, but the poor against it.

A. is; is

B. are; are;

C. was; was

D. is; are

18. Each boy and each girl in our class ________ to see the film.

A. want

B. is wanting

C. wants

D. was wanting

19. The class ________ TV in the classroom when the teacher came in.

A. is watching

B. was watching

C. are watching

D. were watching

20.Over 70 percent of the population of China ________ peasants.

A. was

B. were

C. is

D. are

21.More than one answer ________ to the question.

A. had given

B. were given

C. has been given

D. have been given

22.The Arabian Nights ________ well known to English lovers.

A. is

B. are

C. were

D. was

23. I, who ________ your good friend, will share your joys and sorrows.

A. was

B. is

C. are

D. am

24.At the foot of the mountain ________ a lot of trees.

A. are grown

B. is standing

C. grow

D. stands

25.Going to bed early and getting up early ________ a good habit.

A. are

B. is

C. be

D. will be

26.—________ either he or I fit for the job?

— Neither he nor you ________.

A. Am; are

B. Is; are

C. Are; are

D. Is; is

27. I don’t think three days ________ enough for such a trip.

A. is

B. are

C. isn’t

D. aren’t

28. Every means ________ tried.

A. has been

B. have been

C. are

D. were

29. Films of this kind ________ not worth seeing.

A. is

B. are

C. did

D. has

30. He brought me two novels and an English dictionary. Such ________ the gifts he gave me.

A. was

B. were

C. is

D. are

1—10. DBAAC ABBDD 11—20. AAABA DBCDD 21—30. CADCB BAABB

真题演练:

1. [·陕西西工大附中4次训练]____ of the land in that district ____ covered with trees and grass.

A. One half; are

B. Two seventh; is

C. A quarter; is

D. Two thirds; are

2. [·山西康杰中学5月模拟]Professor Smith, along with his assistants, ______ on the project day and night to meet the deadline.

A. work

B. working

C. is working

D. are working

3. [·河南开封三模]Just because they make more money than I do, they seem to look down on me.

A. so

B. and

C. but

D. 不填

4.[·江苏南京市三模]What a pity! All his property, the books, the pictures and the house, consumed by the big fire.

A.were B.was C.had been D.have been

5. [·长沙雅礼中学9次月考] “It is not only you but also Tom who _________,” said the teacher after knowing what had happened.

A. are to be blamed

B. is to be blamed

C. are to blame

D. is to blame

6.[·成都三诊]The man is seriously ill. More than one doctor .

A.have been sent for B.has been sent for

C.have been looked for D.has been looked for

7.[·河北衡水中学三模]—Hi, David, I heard you had an accident this morning.

—Y es.Luckily, I hit the brakes in time ______ I would have been injured badly.

A.and B.but C.or D.so

8.(2011安徽卷)27. The factory used 65 percent of the raw materials, the rest of which _____ saved for other purposes.

A. is

B. are

C. was

D. were

9.(2011湖南卷) 26. One third of the country ______covered with trees and the majority of the citizens _______ black people.

A. is; are

B. is; is

C. are; are

D. are; is

10. (2010全国Ⅱ)Barbara is easy to recognize as she’s the only one of the women who _______

evening dress.

A. wear

B. wears

C. has worn

D. have worn

11.(2010湖南)Listening to loud music at rock concerts ________caused hearing loss in some teenagers.

A. is

B. are

C. has

D. have

12.(2010四川)Such poets as Shakespeare ___________widely read, of whose works, however, some ___________difficult to understand.

A. are;are

B. is;is

C. are;is

D. is:are

13. The number of foreign students attending Chinese universities _______ rising steadily since1990.

A. is

B. are

C. has been

D. have been

14. The teacher together with the students _______ discussing Reading Skills that ______ newly published in America.

A. are; were

B. is; were

C. are; was

D. is; was

15. Either you or one of your students ______ to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.

A. are

B. is

C. have

D. be

16. Dr. Smith, together with his wife and daughters, visit Beijing this summer.

A. is going to

B. are going to

C. was going to

D. were going to

Keys: CCDBD BCDAA CACBBA

●难点磁场

1.(★★★★)—Each of the students,working hard at his or her lessons________ to go to university.

—So do I.

A.hope

B.hopes

C.hoping

D.hoped

2.(★★★★★)Either you or the headmaster________ the prize for these gifted students at the meeting. (北京2001二模)

A.is handing in

B.are to hand out

C.are handing in

D.is to hand out

3.(★★★★)A library with five thousand books________ to the nation as a gift.

A.is offered

B.has offered

C.are offered

D.have offered

4.(★★★★★)His family________ a big one.When I came to see him last night,his family________watching TV.

A.is;was

B.was;were

C.is;were

D.are;were

5.(★★★★★)The poor________ helped by government programs,________?

(2001武汉二模)

A.is;isn’t it

B.is;isn’t he

C.are;aren’t they

D.are;haven’t they

6.(★★★★)As a result of destroying the forest,a large________ of desert________ covered the land. (2001上海高考)

A.number;has

B.quantity;has

C.number;have

D.quantity;have

7.(★★★★★)The teacher and writer________ asked to make a speech at the meeting.

A.is

B.was

C.are

D.were

8.(★★★★)When and where to build the new factory________ yet.

A.is not decided

B.are not decided

C.has not decided

D.have not decided

9.(★★★★★)Many people say 10 000________ a lot of money.

A.dollar is

B.dollars are

C.dollars is

D.dollar are

10.(★★★★)The number of people invited________ fifty,but a number of them________ absent for different reasons.

A.were;was

B.was;was

C.was;were

D.were;were

11.(★★★★★)All that can be done________.

A.has been done

B.have been done

C.have done

D.has done

12.(★★★★★)More than one________ injured in the car accident.

A.have been

B.has been

C.are

D.have

13.(★★★★)Four-fifths of the workers here________ ________ workers.

A.is woman

B.are woman

C.are women

D.is women

14.(★★★★)To give________ to receive.

A.means

B.mean

C.is

D.are

15.(★★★★★)His “selected poems”________ in 1955.

A.were first published

B.was first published

C.have been first published

D.had been first published

●歼灭难点训练

1.Plastics________ many other materials.

A.has taken place of

B.has taken the place of

C.have taken place of

D.have taken the place of

2.The glass works________in 1980.

A.built

B.was built

C.were built

D.has been built

3.—Were all three people in the car accident injured in the accident?

—No,________ only the two passengers who got hurt.

A.it was

B.there is

C.it were

D.there were

4.A cart and horse________ in the distance.

A.were

B.see

C.are seen

D.was seen

5.No one but her parents________ it.

A.know

B.knows

C.is knowing

D.are knowing

6.The Olympic Games________ held every four years.

A.is

B.are

C.was

D.were

7.(★★★★★)Many a man________ come to help us.

A.have

B.has

C.is

D.are

8.(★★★★)The rich________ not always happy.

A.are

B.is

C.has

D.have

9.(★★★★)What you said________ quite to the point.

A.am

B.are

C.is

D.were

10.(★★★★★)Slow and steady________ the race.

A.win

B.wins

C.beats

D.beat

11.(★★★★★)A number of sheep________ died of a strange illness.

A.have

B.has

C.has been

D.have been

12.(★★★★)Tom said two and three________ five.

A.be

B.was

C.were

D.is

13.(★★★★★)One and a half bananas________ left on the table.

A.are

B.will be

C.being

D.is

14.(★★★★)This kind of books________ popular among the students.

A.is

B.are

C.being

D.have been

15.(★★★★★)I hope to buy such a bike as________ by John.

A.rides

B.is ridden

C.ridden

D.are ridden

小学英语6年级英语语法专题突破 主谓一致基础知识与练习(教师版)

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【参考答案】 runners 【题目解析】 本题考查了one of +名词复数,表示“.....中之一”的用法。题中给出来的词是动词 run ,这里要填名词复数,所以也考查了动词变名词的用法。一般情况下,动词要变为 名词都是直接在动词后面加er ,如work 变为worker ;如果动词本身以e 结尾,可以直 接加r ,如write 变为writer ;如果动词的最后三个字母为“辅元辅”结构并且是重读 闭音节时,动词要双写最后一个字母,再加er ,如win 变为winner ;个别动词是加or 的,如inventor ;题中的run 因为是“辅元辅”结尾而且是重读闭音节,所以它的名词 为runner ,再结合one of 的固定搭配,由此答案应为runners 。 【学有所获】 一般情况下,动词变为名词直接在动词后面遇到以e 结尾的动词,______________________;如果 动词的最后三个字母为“辅元辅”结构并且是重读闭音节时,________________________________;有个别几个事在动词后加__________。 2. [数词] [难度: ★★★ ] Thursday is the f ___________ day of the week in the UK 【参考答案】 fifth 【题目解析】 首先根据题目意思以及题前的the ,我可以知道此空应填个序数词。在中国国家里,每 周的第一天是周 一,所以会有很多学生写fourth 。而在西方国家中,比如此题中特意 强调的the UK ,每周的第一天是周日,所以题中的星期四其实是一周中的第五天,因此 答案为fifth 。 3. [祈使句] [难度: ★★★ ] ___________ (not eat) in the library, Tony. 【参考答案】 Don’t eat 【题目解析】 动词放在句首,没有主语,而且根据句子意思我们可以知道这是一个表示建议、命令的 句子,所以要用祈使句。而题中有not ,祈使句的否定句直接在句首加Don’t 就可以 了,所以答案为Don’t eat。 4. [一般现在时;一般过去时] [难度: ★★★ ] She ___________ (be) short in 2002,but now she ___________ (look) taller. 【参考答案】 was ; looks 【题目解析】 从题句中的时间标志词in 2002可以判断第一个空应用一般过去时态,主语是she ,所 以用was ;第二个时间标志词为now ,很多学生看到now 就会直接想到用现在进行时 态,可是look 在此句中表示“看起来....”,所以不能用现在进行时态,应该用一般 现在时态,主语she 是第三人称单数,所以第二个空应填looks 。 5. [一般现在时] [难度: ★★★ ] ___________ Helen like ___________ (swim) every day? 【参考答案】 Does ;swimming 6. [单选题] [代词;形容词词义辨析] [难度: ★★★ ] Is there ___________ in the book? A. special something

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设计意图:使学生了解“主谓一致”是中考中的高频考点。Step Ⅱ:考点突破 学生探究,教师精确点拨,突破考点。 1.主谓一致的含义(幻灯片3) 主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致。 2.主谓一致三原则:(幻灯片4 ) ①语法一致原则: 指主语和谓语在单复数形式上的一致关系。主语为单数形式,谓语动词用单数形式;反之,谓语动词用复数形式. Tom ___(be) a good student. They often _____(play) football on the playground.

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高中英语语法试题套题-主谓一致必刷100题-附带解析(教师学生版)

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非谓语动词学案学生版

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主谓一致──讲解及例题示范 - 桐高英语教师

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主谓一致1学生版

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第1章主谓一致 一.概念: 主谓一致是指: 1)语法形式上要一致,即单复数形式与谓语要一致。 2)意义上要一致,即主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致。 3)就近原则,即谓语动词的单复形式取决于最靠近它的词语, 一般来说,不可数名词用动词单数,可数名词复数用动词复数。例如: There is much water in the thermos. 但当不可数名词前有表示数量的复数名词时,谓语动词用复数形式。例如: Ten thousand tons of coal were produced last year. 二.相关知识点精讲 1.并列结构作主语时谓语用复数,例如: Reading and writing are very important. 读写很重要。 注意:当主语由and连结时,如果它表示一个单一的概念,即指同一人或同一物时,谓语动词用单数,and 此时连接的两个词前只有一个冠词。例如: The iron and steel industry is very important to our life. 钢铁工业对我们的生活有重要意义。 典型例题 The League secretary and monitor ___ asked to make a speech at the meeting. A. is B. was C. are D. were 答案B. 注:先从时态上考虑。这是过去发生的事情应用过去时,先排除A.,C。本题易误选D,因为The League secretary and monitor 好象是两个人,但仔细辨别,monitor 前没有the,在英语中,当一人兼数职时只在第一个职务前加定冠词。后面的职务用and 相连。这样本题主语为一个人,所以应选B。2. 主谓一致中的靠近原则 1)当there be 句型的主语是一系列事物时,谓语应与最邻近的主语保持一致。例如: There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk. 桌上有一支笔、一把小刀和几本书。 There are twenty boy-students and twenty-three girl-students in the class.班上有二十个男孩,二十三个女孩。2)当either… or… 与neither… nor,连接两个主语时,谓语动词与最邻近的主语保持一致。如果句子是由here, there引导,而主语又不止一个时,谓语通常也和最邻近的主语一致。例如: Either you or she is to go. 不是你去,就是她去。 Here is a pen, a few envelops and some paper for you. 给你笔、信封和纸。 3.谓语动词与前面的主语一致 当主语有with, together with, like, except, but, no less than, as well as 等词组成的短语时,谓语动词与前面的主语部分一致。例如: The teacher together with some students is visiting the factory. 教师和一些学生在参观工厂。 He as well as I wants to go boating.他和我想去划船。 4. 谓语需用单数的情况 1)代词each以及由every, some, no, any等构成的复合代词作主语时,或主语中含有each, every时, 谓语需用单数。例如: Each of us has a tape-recorder. 我们每人都有录音机。 There is something wrong with my watch. 我的表坏了。 2)当主语是一本书或一条格言时,谓语动词常用单数。例如: The Arabian Night is a book known to lovers of English. 《天方夜谭》是英语爱好者熟悉的一本书。 3)表示金钱,时间,价格或度量衡的复合名词作主语时,通常把这些名词看作一个整体,谓语一般用单

主谓一致翻译题

主谓一致翻译题 1、我们两个人都没有看这部电影。(neither) 2、我的茶杯里没有水了。(there be…) 3、不是他就是我要到哪儿去。(either…or…) 4、学生们和老师都不知道这件事。(neither…nor…) 5、我们家正在一起度周末。(family) 6、许多学生到过上海。(many a…) 7、不止一个学生曾经去过北京。(more than one…) 8、每个男孩和女孩都有一个座位。(every/each) 9、做眼睛保健操对你的眼睛十分有益。(do eye exercises) 10、全班一半的学生考试不及格。(half of…) 11、迈克同他的父亲去过英格兰。(with) 12、我们一家人都喜欢看电视。(family) 13、他们每人都有一本英语词典。(each of…) 14、美是永存的。(the + adj.) 15、桌子上有一本书,三只钢笔。(there be…) 16、他们经常在操场上踢足球。 17、这本书20美元太贵了。 18、我们学校的学生数超过800人。(the number of…) 19、穷人很快乐,富人却过得不快乐。(the + adj.) 20、阅读英文报纸是提高你英语水平的好方法。(read English newspapers) 21、你所需要的就是好好睡一觉。(what…) 22、游泳和散步都是好运动。 23、他和我在上大学时是同学。(and) 24、许多学生正在那家工厂实习。(many a …)

25、玛丽和她的朋友都喜欢这幅画。(as well as…) 26、大家都知道吸烟不利于身体健康。 27、我们班上大多数学生是团员。(most of …) 28、许多英语书在书架上。(plenty of…) 29、我们班同学明天要举行一场篮球赛。( the class) 30、在我们国家老人受到很好的照顾。(the + adj.)

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讲义·主谓一致 谓语动词三要素:主被动、时态、主谓一致(虚拟语气、情态动词) 主语和谓语动词在单、复数形式上的一致,就是主谓一致。 也就是,如果名词中心词是单数,动词用单数形式;如果名词中心词是复数,动词用复数形式。 My family _is_ (be) a big one. My family _are_ (be) watching TV. family = 整体(一个家)= 单数 family = 家庭里所有的成员= 复数 【壹】语法形式一致原则 一、主语中心词后面有表示“增、减、补充说明”的词组时,主谓 一致仍看中心词 表示增加的:as well as, with, along with, together with, in addition to, accompanied by, besides, plus等 along with 和 in addition to 除此之外(包含前面的内容) besides 除此之外(包含前面的内容) accompanied by 跟随着…… plus 加上,还有 The man (together with his wife and children) sits on the sofa watching TV. 那个人和他妻儿老小坐在沙发上看电视。 The man, his wife and their children sit on the sofa watching TV. and是并列连词 表示减去的:except, but(除去)等 All the students (except Tom) have been to America.

非谓语动词.学生版

初中英语基础模块06 ——非谓语动词

非谓语动词 能够熟练掌握非谓语动词的基本的用法 在北京中考中要求考生对非谓语动词的掌握往往集中在对固定用法的考查上。 内容 基本要求 非谓语动词 一、非谓语动词的三种形式; 二、非谓语动词的用法; 三、非谓语动词中需要注意的一些问题。 根据英语动词在句中是否独立用作谓语,可以把动词分为谓语动词和非谓语动词两种。 谓语动词是指动词在句中独立作谓语时采用的形式,如各种时态的形式; 非谓语动词是指动词在句中不独立作谓语时采用的形式,包括不定式、动名词和分词(现在分词、 过去分词)三种。 考点一:动词不定式 1.不定式形式 动词不定式的基本形式是“to +动词原形”,称为带 to 的不定式。 如:He wanted to sit down. 他想坐下。(带 to 的不定式) Let him sit down. 让他坐下。(不带 to 的不定式) 注意:这里的 to 只是个语法符号,没有词义。不定式在句中不能独立做谓语,也没有人称和数的变化。 易错点:动词不定式否定形式:not + (to) + do 2.不定式的基本用法 动词不定式虽然是动词的一种形式,但是它却具有名词、形容词和副词的功能,因此在句中可以用作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语(宾补)、定语、状语等。 满分必备攻略 命题人怎么想 中考怎么考

①用作主语: 不定式做主语时,常用it 做形式主语,而将真正的主语放在句末,其结构为It is + adj. + (for/ of) + 动词不定式。 如:To learn a foreign language is not easy. It is not easy to learn a foreign language. To help the poor is his duty. It is his duty to help the poor. 注意:在kind; good; nice; clever 等表示人的品质的形容词后,不用for 而用of。如:It’s very kind of you to help me. It’s very clever of you to do like that. 【实战演练】 多吃水果和蔬菜对身体有好处。 ______________our health to eat more fruit and vegetables. (2009年北京中考) 战士们已连续工作了18个小时,有必要让他们停下来休息。 The soldiers have kept working for 18 hours, so _____________________________________.(2008年北京中考) ②用作宾语: A 情况:一些动词后只能用不定式作宾语,常见的这类词是表示命令、打算或希望的,这类动词常有:would like, want, decide, learn, need, refuse, agree, plan, expect, wish。 口诀1:想要决定学习,需要同意计划,希望不要拒绝。想要(would like, want)决定(decide)学习(learn)需要(need)同意(agree)计划(plan)希望(wish, expect, hope)拒绝(refuse) She wants to go to university some day. He began to read and write after lunch.(当一个以上的不定式连用时,后面的不定式往往省略to。) B 情况:常见的一些省略to的动词不定式的句式:Why not do…, had better (not) do…, would rather do…, could/would/will you please (not) do…如:I would rather stay at home. : 1. 邮局离这儿有点远,你最好坐车去。 The post office is a bit far from here. ____________ take a bus. 2. 为什么不早点儿把这个好消息告诉他呢? _____________ tell him the good news a little earlier? C 情况:在find, think 后跟不定式作宾语时,常用it 代替,而将真正的宾语放在句末。 We found it impossible to cross the river.(本句中it 是形式宾语,不定式短语to cross the river 是真正的宾语。) 注意:不定式常和疑问词what; which; when; where; how; who 连用,相当于一个宾语从句的作用。如:The teacher is telling the students what to do. He didn’t know which to choose. 比较:what to do 与how to do it 1. We are going for a picnic tomorrow. I’ll call Wendy to make sure___________.

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主谓一致和 there be 倒装句 考情分析: 考点考频 there be 句型2 并列结构作主语 1 复数名词作主语 1 单数名词作主语2 定语从句中的主谓一致2

层次 B 考点讲解与练习考点一主谓一致 精题解构1 (2017 江苏南京)Look! There a photo of our English teacher in today’s newspaper! A. is B. are C. have D. has 【答案】A 【解析】there be...表示“有……”,后面的名词a photo 是单数,因此系动词用is,故选A。句意:看,今天的报纸上有我们英语老师的照片。 主谓一致的三个原则 主谓一致三个原则含义例句 语法一致 谓语动词与其主语在人称和数上 要保持一致,即谓语动词根据主语 的单复数相应地变化形式。 These books are intended for children under ten years old. Mr Black is a well-known scientist on AIDS. 意义一致 谓语动词的单复数取决于主语所 表示的概念 Twenty years is a long time. Police are still searching for the thief. 就近一致 谓语动词的单复数取决于主语中 最靠近它的词语。 Neither the children nor their mother likes fish. There is a pen and some books on the table. 趁热打铁 1 Your mother always in you, right? A. take pride B. take proud C. takes pride D. takes proud 【答案】C 【解析】“对……感到骄傲;对……感到自豪”用take pride in 或是be proud of。句子中有了介词in,因此使用take pride in,主语your mother 是第三人称单数,谓语动词要用单数形式,故 选C。句意:你妈妈一直以你为豪,对吧?

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必备英语主谓一致(外研版) 含答案解析 一、主谓一致 1.—When will the railway that connects the two cities open? — next year. Only two thirds been built. A.Until; has B.Until; have C.Not until; has D.Not until; have 【答案】C 【解析】 【分析】 【详解】 句意:--连接这两座城市的铁路什么时候开通?--明年才开通。这段铁路只修了三分之二。until 直到……时候;根据句意可知,直到明年铁路才能开通,因此应该用否定形式not until,直到……时候,才……;第二个空前的主语是two thirds,意思是三分之二的铁路,railway是单数形式,故动词也应该用单数,故选C。 2.There is only one position. The boss has to choose Jack Tom to be a manager. A.both; and B.neither; nor C.either; or D.not only; but also 【答案】C 【解析】 句意:只有一个位置,老板必须选择或者杰克或者汤姆作为经理。根据句意因为只有一个位置,结合选项,推测意思是老板不得不选择杰克或汤姆当经理,即固定短语either…or…,或者…或者,故答案选C。 点睛:A. both; and两者都…,连接两个不同的词语作主语时,谓语动词用复数;B. neither; nor既不…也不…;C. either; or或者…或者…;D. not only; but also不仅…而且…;B、C、D三个选项在连接两个不同的词语作主语时,其谓语动词应与最近的一个主语在人称和数上保持一致,就是我们所说的“就近原则”。本题根据句意可知C选项符合题意,故答案选C。 3.Either the students or the teacher him very well. A.knows B.to know C.know D.knew 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】 句意:要么那些学生要么那位老师很了解他。 A. knows动词三单式; B. to know动词不定式; C. know动词原形; D. knew动词过去式。either…or…连接两个并列主语时,遵循就近原则。此句中的谓语动词要与the teacher保持

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